【英语】_2018届二轮复习介词学案（有解析）（10页）

【英语】_2018届二轮复习介词学案（有解析）（10页）

‎2018届二轮复习　介词 一、介词 ‎1．表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near 介词 用法 at 一般指在较小的地方 in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内 on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域 to 表示某范围外不接壤的两位置 beside/by ‎“在……的旁边”‎ near ‎“接近；靠近”‎ I met him at the shop.‎ Shandong Province lies in the east of China.‎ The picture is hanging on the wall.‎ Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.‎ She was standing beside her mother.‎ There is a supermarket near my home.‎ ‎2．表示方位的between 和among 介词 用法 between 在两者或每两者之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间 I sat down between Sue and Jane.‎ The teacher was standing among the students.‎ ‎3．表示方位的across，through，over和past 介词 用法 across 从……的表面穿过 through 从……的内部穿过 over 从……的上面跨过 past 从……的旁边经过 He walked across the square to meet us.‎ The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.‎ ‎4．表示时间点的at，in和on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日 at 9：00；at noon；at daybreak；at Christmas in 表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the 21st century；in September；in the morning on 表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on 2nd，September；on the morning of 1st，May ‎5.表示时间段的for和 since 介词 用法 for ‎“for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语 since ‎“since＋时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语 He has lived in the small village for five years.‎ He has worked in this company since graduation.‎ ‎6．表示交通方式的by，in和on 介词 用法 by ‎“by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词 in/on in/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰 My brother usually goes to school by bike.‎ My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.‎ ‎7．表示“用……”的by，in和with 介词 用法 by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词 in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前 with 多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前 He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.‎ All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.‎ They are busy digging with spades.‎ ‎8．表示“除……外”的except，except for 和besides 介词 用法 except 表示“除……之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除 except for 其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的 besides 表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的 All my friends took part in the party except John.‎ His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.‎ He has learned German，French besides English.‎ ‎9．其他常考介词的用法 ‎(1)against的用法 ‎①(表示态度)反对 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.‎ ‎②(表示对比)以……为背景 The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.‎ ‎③(表示方位)倚靠着……‎ The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.‎ ‎(2)beyond的用法 ‎①(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.‎ ‎②(表示时间)晚于……‎ He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.‎ ‎③(表示程度)超出，非……所能及 To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.‎ ‎(3)over的用法 ‎①(表示方位)越过 The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.‎ ‎②(表示等级或数目)高于，在……之上，超过 He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.‎ ‎③(表示时间或过程)在……期间 I'm sorry I didn't phone you，but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.‎ ‎(4)to的用法 ‎①(表示方向、距离)到，向，去 It was on the way to the railway station.‎ ‎②(表示时间)直到……为止，到 He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.‎ ‎③(表示比较、比例、参照)与……相比，相对于……而言 I prefer oranges to apples.‎ ‎④(表示对象关系)属于，对，给 The hospital is attached to the university.‎ ‎⑤达到(某一点或某个限度)‎ Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.‎ ‎(5)under的用法 ‎①在……下面，在……之下 She placed the ladder under the window.‎ ‎②在……过程中 The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.‎ ‎③(数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在……以下 These toys are not suitable for children under five.‎ ‎④受……影响 She's been under a lot of pressure at work.‎ ‎(6)with的用法 ‎①和……一起，和，同，跟 Would you like to go shopping with me?‎ ‎②(表示同时或同一方向)随着 With time going by，the little tree has grown up.‎ ‎③具有，带有 The dictionary is what I want，but I don't have enough money with me.‎ ‎④由于，因为 He trembled with fear.‎ ‎⑤(表示方式)用 He cut it with a knife.‎ 二、介词短语 介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。‎ ‎(2016·四川高考)The common cold is a good example：women，on average，get fewer colds than men.‎ 普通感冒就是一个很好的例子：平均来说，女士比男士更少感冒。‎ 常考介词短语 ‎1．介词与名词的常用搭配 ‎(1)at＋n.表示状态 at a loss不知所措　 at breakfast早餐时 at peace处于和平中 at rest静止，不动 at sea在海上，在航海 at war在战争中 ‎(2)at＋n.表示时间 at Christmas在圣诞节 at dusk在黄昏 at dawn在黎明 at daybreak在拂晓 at midnight在午夜 at night在夜里 at noon在正午 at present目前 ‎(3)以at开头组成的短语 at the beginning of在……的开始 at the cost of以……的代价 at the end of在……的尽头 at the foot of在……脚下 ‎(4)on＋n.表示状态 on line在工作(或运行) on sale出售，打折 on show在展出 on the decrease在减少 on the go在忙碌中 on the increase在增加 on the way在途中 on trial在受审 ‎(5)以on开头的介词短语 on account of因为 on behalf of代表 on condition that 在……的条件下，如果 on no account/condition/occasion 决不 on the basis of 以……为基础 on the occasion of 在……时 ‎(6)by＋n.表示方式 by accident偶然 by air/plane乘飞机 by chance偶然 by coincidence碰巧 by force用暴力 by hand用手工 by mistake错误地 by the day按天算 by nature天生地 by radio通过收音机 ‎(7)in＋n.表示方式 in cash用现金付款 in width在宽度上 in depth在深度上 in detail详细地 in English用英语 in height在海拔上 in length在长度上 in ink用墨水 in shape在外形上 in size在大小上 ‎(8)in＋n.表示状态 in anger生气地 in battle在战斗中 in bed在床上 in comfort舒适地 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债 in delight高兴地 in despair绝望 in need需要 in order按次序的；井然有序 in peace平静地，平安地 in practice在实践中 in print已出版 in prison在狱中 in public公开地 in rags穿着破烂 in ruins成为废墟 in secret秘密地 ‎(9)以in开头构成的介词短语 in the face of面对 in addition to另外 in need of需要 in no case决不 in no time立刻 in no way决不 in respect of关于 in response to作为回应 in return作为回报 in spite of尽管 ‎(10)of＋n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)‎ of benefit有益处的 of help有帮助的 of importance重要的 of interest有趣的 of significance有意义的 of use有用的 ‎(11)out of＋n.表示状态 out of danger脱离危险 out of date过期 out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of luck不走运 out of mind发狂 out of office在野 out of order出故障 out of patience不耐烦 out of season过季 out of shape走样，不成形 out of sight看不到 out of trouble摆脱困难 out of work失业 ‎(12)under＋n.表示被动 under attack遭到袭击 under discussion在讨论中 under pressure在压力下 under repair在修理中 under treatment在治疗中 under way在进行中 ‎(13)以under开头的短语 under the care of...在……的看护下 under the command of...在……的统帅之下 under the control of...在……控制下 under the direction of...在……指导下 ‎(14)with＋n.表示情绪 with anger生气地　　 with confidence有信心地 with courage英勇地 with delight/joy高兴地 with difficulty困难地 with fear害怕地 with interest有兴趣地 with pleasure乐意地 with pride骄傲地 with satisfaction满意地 ‎(15)beyond＋n.表示“超出……，难以……”‎ beyond compare无与伦比 beyond comprehension难以理解 beyond control失控 beyond description难以描述 beyond doubt不用怀疑，确实 beyond expression难以表达 beyond measure非常；极其 ‎2．形容词与介词的常用搭配 ‎(1)adj.＋about be anxious about忧虑……‎ be careful about小心……‎ be concerned about担心……‎ be curious about对……好奇 be excited about对……感到兴奋 ‎(2)adj.＋at be angry at恼怒于 be astonished at对……吃惊 be bad at不擅长 be delighted at因……而高兴 ‎(3)adj.＋in be absorbed in专注于 be active in积极于 be confident in对……有信心 be diligent in勤于 be dressed in穿着……‎ be engaged in忙于……‎ be excellent in在……方面优秀 be experienced in在……方面有经验 ‎(4)adj.＋for be anxious for急切盼望，渴望 be eager for渴望 be famous for以……著名 be fit for适合，胜任 be good for对……有益 ‎(5)adj.＋from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受……影响 be safe from免受……的伤害 ‎(6)adj.＋to be blind to对……是盲目的 be close to接近 be contrary to与……相反 be deaf to不愿意听 be devoted to致力于……‎ be equal to等于……‎ be fair to对……公平 be familiar to被……所熟悉 be friendly to对……友好 be good to对……好 be grateful to对……心存感激 be harmful to对……有危害 ‎(7)adj.＋of be afraid of害怕 be ashamed of为……感到羞耻 be aware of意识到 be capable of能够 be composed of由……组成 ‎(8)adj.＋with by angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒 be busy with忙于 be combined with与……结合 be concerned with与……有关；涉及，关心，关注 be connected with与……有关