2018届二轮复习构词法----词类（名词、动词、形容词与副词）转换考点讲与练课件（88张）

2018届二轮复习构词法----词类（名词、动词、形容词与副词）转换考点讲与练课件（88张）

2018届二轮复习 »构词法（名词、 动词、形容词、 副词的转换） 真题再练 1. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·69) However, be _________ (care) not to go to extremes. 作表语要用形容词，意为:“小心”别走极端。 2. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·66) ...and it must have been _______(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 修饰形容词unpleasant，表示“相当地”,用 副词fairly。 careful fairly 3. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·69) This development was only possible with the ____________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名 词，表示“采用，引入”，故填 introduction 。 introduction 4. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·70) The Central London Railway was one of the most _________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 因the most successful为形容词的最高级。 successful 5. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·66)She is determined to carry on with her ___________(educate). 作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要 用名词。 6. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·70)It is _________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 修饰动词is用副词，意为：这“当然是”有 趣的事。 education certainly 7. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·61) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _________ (attract). 在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)” 后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事 物”。 attraction 8. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·63) From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 修饰动词用副词，表示“正式地”。 officially 9. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·62)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____________ (achieve). 在介词后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就”。 achievement 10. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _________(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 修饰动词turned用副词，表示“逐渐地”。 gradually 12. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the ______________ (develop) of chopsticks. 在冠词the与介词of之间，应填名词，表示“筷 子的发展”。 development 11. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·67)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _________ (regular). 修饰谓语动词用副词，表示“经常地”。 regularly 13.(2015卷I·69) And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it __________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. regularly 修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。 14.(2015卷II·63) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。 ability 15. (2015卷II·65) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. 修饰谓语动词give out，表示“慢慢地 散热”, 用副词slowly。 slowly 16.(2015卷II·69) As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 在名词前作定语要用形容词。 natural 17.(2014卷I·62) The river was so polluted that it ________ (actual) caught fire and burned. 修饰谓语动词caught，用副词作状语，表 示“居然”。 18.(2014卷I·70) Just be _______ (patience). 在系动词be后作表语，要用形容词。 actually patient 19. (2014卷II·50) Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _______ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 修饰动词became，作状语，用副词。 suddenly 思路点拨 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不 同时, 就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以 下五点顺利解决： 1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。如： But Jane knew from past experience that her ______ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当 用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词her后 还没有名词，一定是用名词形式，故填 choice。 choice 2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不 定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有 名词时，就用名词形式。如［真题再练］第3、 5、7、9、12、14题。 3. 作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。如 ［真题再练］第1、4、16、18题，分别是作 定语和表语。又如： I consider it _______(use) for us to use English-English dictionary. 解析：句中it是形式宾语，真正的 宾语是后面的不定式，所给词在句 中作宾补，要用形容词，表示 “有 益的，有用的”，故填useful。 useful 4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或 放在句首修饰全句，用副词。如［真题再练］ 第2、6、8、10、11、13、15、17、19题都是修 饰动词、形容词或另一副词等。又如： ________(lucky), he had a cow which produced milk every day. (2015广东卷) 解析：空格位于句首，且有逗号隔开，可 知是修饰全句，用副词作状语；“有一头 每天都产牛奶的母牛”应当是“幸运地”， 故填Luckily。 Luckily 5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的 词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能 是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或 后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。 如： In Alaska, the wolf almost ____________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. 解析：主句缺谓语, 应填动词，而appear 本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑 变词义；由because从句可知，主句意思 应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”，要 用disappear；再由a few years ago可知， 要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。 disappeared 注意： 解题时，既要根据句子结构需要 确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通 顺。如： He failed his maths examination because of his ________ (care) work. 解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词； 由failed…可知，要填表示否定意义的 “careless” (粗心大意的)，意义才通顺。 careless 考点归纳 在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不 算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的 构词法知识非常重要。 从近四年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换 主要考查了以下3点： (1)形容词→副词。如［真题再练］的第2、 6、8、10、11、13、15、17、19九个小题。 (2)动词→名词。如［真题再练］的第3, 5, 7, 9,12题。 (3)名词→形容词。如［真题再练］的第1、 4、16、18题。 但从历年的全国卷来看，除上述考点外， 还考了或可能考： (1)形容词→名词：able→ ability； (2)动词→副词：surprise→ surprisingly。 现将主要考点归纳如下： 1.形容词与副词的转换 规律 总结 请写出下列形容词的副词形式 1 一般直 接加ly quick→________；rude→ ________； wide→ _______ ；real→ _______ ； fair→ _______; certain→ _________; careful→ _________; final→ _______; polite→ ________; high→ ________; official→ _________; regular→ _________; actual→ _________; slow→ _______; sudden→ _________ quickly rudely reallywidely carefully finallyfairly certainly politely highly officially regularly actually slowly suddenly 规律 总结 请写出下列形容词的副词形式 2 辅音字 母+ y → ily easy→________; angry→________; happy→________; heavy→_______; steady→ _________； busy→ ________; lucky→_________; 但shy→________ easily angrily happily heavily busily shyly luckily steadily 规律 总结 请写出下列形容词的副词形式 3 -ble →-bly, -tle →-tly, -ple →-ply possible→___________； probable→___________； terrible→_________； noble→_______; comfortable→______________; reliable→_________； gentle→________; ample→_________; simple→_________ possibly probably terribly nobly comfortably reliably gently amply simply 规律总结 请写出下列形容词的副词形式 4 (个别)去e 加ly true→ _____； due→ __________ whole→_________ 5 ic结尾加 ally basic→__________; classic→__________; magic→__________; optimistic→____________; scientific →____________; energetic→____________; 但public →__________ basically classically magically optimistically scientifically publicly wholly truly duly (按时地) energetically 规律总结 请写出下列形容词的副词 形式 6 6以-ll结尾加y full→______ (完全地)； dull→_______ (迟钝地) fully dully 规律总 结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容 词的名词形式 1 +al/去e, +al music→ musical; person→________; nation→________; tradition→ _________; centre→_______; practice→________ globe→ _______; origin→_________ 2 -ture→ -tural nature→ natural; culture→________; agriculture→____________; architecture→____________ 2. 名词与形容词的转换 architectural personal national central practical cultural agricultural traditional global original 规律 总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容 词的名词形式 3 -ics→ -ical politics→ political; physics→_________; mathematics→_____________; statistics →___________ 4 +ern east→ eastern; west→_________; south→_____________; north→_________; southwest→_________ physical mathematical statistical western southwestern northern southern 规律 总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容 词的名词形式 5 +ible access→ accessible; 注意horror→__________; terror→__________ 6 +ful care→___________; success→ successful; power→__________; peace→__________; fruit→ _________; 注意mercy→__________; beauty→__________ horrible terrible merciful peaceful beautiful powerful careful fruitful 规律 总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或 形容词的名词形式 7 +ish fool→ foolish; self→________; child→________ 8 +ous danger→ dangerous; humor→__________ 注意anxiety→________; ambition→__________; curiosity→________; selfish childish anxious ambitious curious humorous 规律总 结 请写出下列名词的形容词形 式或形容词的名词形式 9 -ance→ -ant importance→ important; significance→___________; patience→ ________; distance →________ 10 -ence→ -ent absence→ absent; silence→_______; difference→__________; convenience→__________ significant distant silent different convenient patient 规律总结 请写出下列名词的形容词 形式或形容词的名词形式 11 -ency→ -ent fluency→ fluent; efficiency→________; emergency→________; urgency→________ 12 +ly friend→ friendly; time→ ________; man→ ________; mother→ ________； 注意day→ ________ efficient emergent urgent daily timely manly motherly 规律总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式 或形容词的名词形式 13 -ble→ -bility able→ ability; responsible→______________; possible→___________; flexible→___________ 14 +y; 去e， +y;双写， +y health→ healthy; sleep→___________; difficult→___________; noise→___________; sun→___________ responsibility possibility flexibility sleepy difficulty noisy sunny 规律总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或 形容词的名词形式 15 adj. + ness→ n. weak→ weakness; kind→__________; ill→__________; sad→__________; 注意happy→__________ 16 adj. +th →n. warm→__________; 注意strong→ strength; long→__________; wide→__________; true→__________ kindness sadness happiness length width warmth truth illness 规律 总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容 词的名词形式 17 -ate → -acy accurate→ accuracy; private→_________; adequate→_________ 18 其他 各类 free→ freedom; wise→________; cruel→________; safe→________; tire→________; trouble→__________; history→__________; science→________; brave→________; short→________ privacy adequacy troublesome cruelty safety tiresome historic(al) scientific bravery shortage wisdom 3. 动词与名词的转换 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 1 +ation expect→ expectation; present→_____________; 注意explain→_____________ 2 去e， +ation invite→ invitation; examine→_____________; prepare→_____________; 注意 pronounce→_______________ presentation explanation examination preparation pronunciation 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 3 去e，+ tion produce→ production; introduce→ _____________； 注意describe→ ___________ 4 去e，+ion devote→ devotion; pollute→ ____________; contribute→ ____________; revise→ __________ educate → ____________； introduction description pollution contribution revision education 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 5 +ion act→ action; attract→__________; protect→__________; suggest→__________； 注意intend→__________ discuss→ __________; express→__________; possess→__________; impress →__________ attraction protection suggestion intention discussion expression possession impression 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 6 去t/d/de， + (s)sion admit→ admission; permit→___________; extend→__________; conclude→____________; divide→__________ 7 +ance；去 e，+ance appear→ appearance; perform→_____________; acquaint→_____________; guide→__________ permission extension conclusion division performance acquaintance guidance 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 8 +ence exist→ existence; prefer→____________; refer→____________; differ→____________; depend→____________ 9 +ment;去e, +ment achieve→ achievement; agree→ ____________; announce→______________; develop→________________; encourage→____________encouragement development agreement dependence difference reference preference announcement 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 10 去e，+al arrive→ arrival; approve→ ___________; survive→ ___________; refuse→ ___________ 11 +ure fail→ failure; press→___________; depart→ ___________; mix→ ___________ approval survival refusal pressure departure mixture 规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式 12 +y recover→ recovery; discover→_________ 13 其他 choose→ choice; vary→_________; tend→_________; advise→_________; apologize→_________; classify→_____________; grow→_________ discovery variety classification advice apology growth tendency 4. 动词与形容词的转换 规律 总结 请写出下列动词的形容词形式或形 容词的动词形式 1 +able suit→ suitable; comfort→____________; reason→__________; 注意admire→__________; rely→__________; 2 +ful doubt→ doubtful; harm→__________; hope→__________; care→__________; use→__________ admirable reliable comfortable reasonable harmful hopeful careful useful 规律 总结 请写出下列动词的形容词形式或 形容词的动词形式 3 +ive act→ active; attract→___________; impress→___________; create→___________ 4 +ary imagine→ ___________imaginary attractive impressive creative 规律总 结 请写出下列动词的形容词形 式，或形容词的动词形式 5 adj.+en →v. deep→ deepen; wide→ ________; less→________; worse→________ 6 en+adj. →v. large→ enlarge; rich→________; able→________; noble→________ widen lessen worsen enrich enable ennoble 5. 表示否定的前缀与后缀 规律 总结 请写出与下列单词意义相反或 相否定的词语 1 dis+ advantage→ disadvantage; agree→ _________; appear→_________; disagree disappear 规律 总结 请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否 定的词语 2 il/im/ in legal→ illegal; polite→ __________; patient→__________; convenient→__________ 3 mis+ understand→ misunderstand; lead→___________; direct→___________; trust→___________ impolite impatient inconvenient mislead misdirect mistrust 规律 总结 请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否 定的词语 4 un+ able→ unable; fair→___________; fit →___________; fortunate→___________; usual→___________ 5 +less hope→ hopeless; end→_________; stain→_________; taste→_________; use→_________ unfair unfit unfortunate unusual endless stainless tasteless useless 6.表示人的后缀 规律 总结 请写出下列表示人的名词 1 +er sing→ singer; teach→__________; strange→__________; village→__________; employ→__________ 2 +or act→ actor; invent→ __________; educate→__________; visit→__________; conduct→__________ teacher stranger villager employer inventor educator visitor conductor 规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词 3 +ee employ→ employee; interview→ ___________; pay→___________; absent→___________ 4 +(r)ess act→ actress; wait→___________; host→___________; steward→___________; 注意god→___________ interviewee payee absentee waitress hostess stewardess goddess 规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词 5 +ese Japan→ __________; Vietnam→____________ 注意China→ ___________; Burma(缅甸)→__________; 6 +n Asia→ Asian; America→___________; Australia→___________; India→___________; Korea→___________ Japanese Burmese Vietnamese American Australian Indian Korean Chinese 规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词 7 (去y或s) +ian music→ musician; history→_________; library→_________; physics→__________; politics→________ 8 +ist art→ artist; novel→ ________; tour→________; 注意cycle→________; science→________ historian librarian physician politician novelist tourist cyclist scientist 规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词 9 +ant assist→ assistant; account→ ___________; consult→ ____________; 注意apply→ __________; serve→ __________ 10 +ar lie→ liar; beg→_______(注意拼写)beggar accountant consultant applicant servant 考点练透 1. “No, sir. You must also start preparing for the winter if you want to have enough to eat,” the ant said ________ (serious). 修饰动词(said)作状语，用副词。 seriously 2. Brazilian officials__________ (sincere) hope hosting the games will improve life in Brazil. 修饰动词hope用副词，故填sincerely。 3. It must take place in a __________ (care) controlled environment, under the guidance of your doctor. 修饰动词的过去分词controlled，用副词。 carefully sincerely 4. However, before I got on the bike, I felt _________ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off … 修饰形容词(nervous)，用副词。 extremely 5. You can imagine how _________ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed upon me. 修饰形容词shy作状语，要用副词。 terribly 6. _________ ( obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. 作状语，修饰整个句子，用副词，故填 Obviously。 Obviously 7. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this will set a ________ (health) rhythm in your life. 在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填healthy。 8. My classmates attended _______ (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump. 在名词前作定语要用形容词。 healthy various 9. I couldn’t imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the ________ (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. 在名词(effect)前作定语要用形容词。 powerful 10. We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something ___________ (impress) and meaningful. 由and可知，要与形容词meaningful词性 一致,一起作something的后置定语，故填 形容词impressive(给人印象深刻的)。 impressive 11. I heard that listening to classical music is _______(help) in reducing stress. 作表语用形容词。 helpful 12. Some think it is __________ (convenience) to get in touch with others with the cell-phone… 固定句型It is convenient to do sth.意为“做 某事很方便”。 13. There’s clear _________ (evident) that people who listen to lively music are lively people. 在there be后要用名词，作句子的主语。 evidence convenient 14. … more and more students would drop out of school if their personal _________ (safe) could not be guaranteed. 作主语要用名词，或者根据在their后应当 用名词，故填safety。 safety 15. The best speed _______(eat) train their stomachs to expand. 本句谓语动词是train，要填的词是主语， 故用名词，表示“这些吃东西的人”，故 用eaters。 eaters 16. I had no _______ (choose) but to prepare for it, though. 因作动词have的宾语，要用名词；另外， have no choice but to do sth.(除……外， 别无选择)是固定搭配。 choice 17. Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm (重 新确认) the _________(exist) of rules that need to be observed. 作动词reaffirm的宾语，用名词；或者根 据在the 与of 之间一定是填名词，故填 existence。 existence 18. The students use a video game controller to direct its ____________ (move) in the tank. 在形容词性物主代词its后，要用名词，作动 词direct的宾语，故填movements，用复数 表示泛指。 19.A farmer once organized a ___________ (compete) between his dog and his rabbit. 作动词organized的宾语，用名词，故填 competition。 movements competition 20. Actually with my __________ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. 作介词with的宾语用名词，或根据在形容词 性物主代词(my)后面，要用名词。 confidence 21. I went off in search of him in hopes that I could _________(unite) him with his owners. 情态动词后要接动词原形，而unite本身就 是动词；根据句意“我希望能让它(这条小 狗)和它的主人再次团聚”，故填reunite。 reunite 22. Actually, I _________(agree) with you over this matter. I have my own view. disagree 23. I am sorry I ______________ (understand) what you said. misunderstood 24. It was important for you to ________ (write) the essay to polish it according to the editor’s suggestion. rewrite 25. You will be fined if you smoke in public in Hong Kong because it is ________(legal) to do so. illegal 26. In most countries, it is ________ (polite) to ask about other people’s income. impolite 27. She was taken to hospital suffering from an __________ (regular) heartbeat. 28. She is not easy to get along with. I find her very cool and ___________(friendly). irregular unfriendly 29. If you are __________ (willing) to go, don’t hesitate to say no. unwilling 30. Many cities in China now have direct or __________ (stop) flights to Beijing. 31. We must _______ (large) our views by reading. non-stop enlarge 32. The audience warmly clapped to welcome the world-famous ________ (violin), one of the best in the world. 33. The boss of the company is a woman, and most of her _________ (employ) are also women. 34. He has a strong desire to become a ________ (music), so he works hard. violinist employees musician 35. People in China don’t like hugging each other when meeting, which is a common practice in some __________ (Europe) countries. European 36. As the wages were low, there were few __________ (apply) for the job.applicants 37. We are ready to face any __________ (hard). hardship 38. Just as the old saying goes, _________ (honest) is the best policy. 39. They show great _________ (anxious) about their retirement allowance. honesty anxiety 40. I don’t think you are telling me the whole ______ (true) about what happened. truth 41. With knowledge and _________ (wise), the old man is respected and loved by the people. wisdom 42. The program will be of ____________ (significant) in the process. significance 43. He was awarded for his _________ (brave) in the battle. bravery 44. Her perfect ____________ (pronounce) attracted everyone present. 45. They charged for __________ (admit) so we can’t enter without __________ (permit). pronunciation admission permission 46. Everyone likes to work in pleasant _____________ (surround). surroundings 47. Success is not final and _______ (fail) is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts. 48. He celebrated the ________ (arrive) of the New Year with a party for his friends. failure arrival 49. In a good __________ (marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise. marriage 50. Can you tell me what the real reason for your __________ (absent) was? absence 51. He gave a ___________ (humour) account of their trip to Tibet. humourous 52. They exported corn and other ____________ (agriculture) products to other countries. agricultural 53. Noise has always been the most ____________ (trouble) problem in prospecting earthquakes. 54. He has two big round Chinese _______ (wood) tables. troublesome wooden 55. He could not account for his ______ (fool) mistake. foolish 56. There is no doubt that he is a _______ (rely) person. reliable 57. All children are fond of __________ (entertain) games and ideas as well as films. entertaining 58. In the neighbour’s opinion, she is a good wife and a __________(devote) mother. 59. The scheme has been set up to help the __________ (home). devoted homeless 60. Honours were _____________ (automatic) awarded to senior officials just because they were senior. automatically THANK YOU!