2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module4WhichEnglish？同步练习外研版选修8

2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module4WhichEnglish？同步练习外研版选修8

Module 4 Which English？‎ 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√‎ dialect n．　　　　　　　 trace n.‎ unique adj. ancestor n.‎ rhythm n. revolution n. ‎ furthermore adv. splendid adj.‎ straightforward adj. dilemma n.‎ relevant adj. absurd adj.‎ concept n. clarify v.‎ tendency n. vague adj.‎ clumsy adj. select v.‎ withdraw v. potential adj.‎ abuse v. betray v.‎ prejudice n. conflict n.‎ moral n. status n.‎ classify v.‎ Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．matter v．　　　　　 重要，要紧；有关系 ‎2．count v. 很重要；很有价值 ‎3.__link n. 联系 ‎4．debate n. 讨论；辩论 ‎5．acquire__ v. 得到，获得 ‎6．convey v. 传达，传递 ‎7．thus adv. 因此；因而 ‎8．reject v. 拒绝接受 ‎9.__overcome v. 征服；战胜 ‎10．oppose v. 反对 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．instant adj.立即的；紧急的，立刻的n.瞬间，立刻→instantly adv.立即，马上 ‎ ‎2．recognise v．认出；承认→recognisable adj.能辨认的，能认出的→__recognition ‎ 18‎ n．认出；承认 ‎ ‎3．complain v．抱怨；不满→complaint n．抱怨 ‎4．investigate v．调查→investigation n．调查，研究 ‎5．convince vt.确信，信服→convinced adj.确信的，信服的→__convincing adj.令人信服的 ‎6．associate v．联系；(使)发生联系→association n．联系→__associated adj.有联系的 ‎7．significant adj.有意义的→significance n．意义；含义 ‎8．resist v．反抗；抵抗→resistant adj.反抗的→resistance n．反抗；抵抗 ‎9．approve vt.& vi.赞同；批准→approval n．赞许；赞成 ‎10．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心→__curiously adv.好奇地 ‎1.说说“赞成”相关词汇 ‎①approval n．　　　　 赞许；赞成 ‎②agree v. 同意，赞成 ‎③approve v. 赞许；赞成 ‎④agreement n. 同意 ‎⑤favour n. 赞同，支持 ‎⑥in favour of 支持，赞同 ‎⑦be for 支持，赞成 ‎2.“反对”词汇大比拼 ‎①oppose vt.　　　 反对 ‎②object vi. 反对 ‎③disapprove vt. 反对；不同意 ‎④disagree vi. 不同意 ‎⑤object to 反对 ‎⑥be opposed to 反对 ‎⑦be against 反对 ‎3.“重要”的很多 ‎①matter v．　 　　 重要，要紧；有关系 ‎②count v. 很有价值；很重要 ‎③vital adj. 至关重要的 ‎④primary adj. 主要的 18‎ ‎⑤fundamental adj. 必不可少的 ‎⑥significant adj. 重要的 ‎⑦essential adj. 基本的；必要的 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．tell...apart　　　　　 区分开 ‎2．as__long__as 只要 ‎3．lie__in 在于 ‎4．in__conclusion 总之 ‎5．a__huge__number__of 大量的 ‎6．get__down__to__sth. 开始做某事 ‎7．let__sb.down 使某人失望 ‎8．or__rather 更确切地说 ‎1.“总之”说法种种 ‎①in conclusion ‎②(all) in all ‎③in a word ‎④in short/brief ‎⑤in general ‎2.“开始做某事”短语大团圆 ‎①get down to (doing) sth.‎ ‎②settle down to sth.‎ ‎③set about doing sth.‎ ‎④set out to do sth.‎ ‎⑤start/begin to do/doing sth.‎ ‎3.rather相关短语一览 ‎①or rather　　　　 更确切地说 ‎②would rather 宁愿 ‎③rather than 而不是 ‎④other than 除了 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 In this sense everybody’s use of 18‎ 句型1：whether ...or ...不管是……还是……‎ ‎ language—whether__English,__Chinese,__or__any__other—is different.　从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是其他任何语言——都是不同的。‎ 句型2：强调句型 Perhaps correctness doesn’t matter—as long as speakers can understand each other—it’s__communication__that__counts．‎ 也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。‎ 句型3：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ... ‎ English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be__difficult__to__understand．　英语中有大量绚烂而华丽，但可能很难懂的表达。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词 ‎1．While I can’t fully understand what his music conveys(传递), his performance is quite impressive.‎ ‎2．Mary overcame(克服) a lot of difficulties and achieved many great achievements.‎ ‎3．I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire(获得) a lot of knowledge.‎ ‎4．Before we pass a proposal, we always have it debated(争论) for several times at the meeting.‎ ‎5．What counts(很重要) is not your appearance but your ability.‎ B．根据所给单词写出适当形式 ‎6．It’s not right to make a decision without investigation(investigate) and study.‎ ‎7．They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity(curious) about scientific discoveries.‎ ‎8．The police received several complaints(complain) about the noise from our party.‎ ‎9．He tried to convince me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide convincing(convince) proof.‎ ‎10．I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval(approve)．‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？重要 18‎ ‎2．(2019·北京卷)Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.重大的 ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.副的 Ⅲ.选词成篇 be relevant to; get down to sth.; tell...apart; as long as; or rather; be meant for It’s certain: for twins, life really does imitate art. My twin brother, Kirk, and I grew up being constantly mistaken for each other. Classmates, friends, teachers, even relatives couldn’t 1.tell us apart. 2.Or__rather only my parents could know who was who. As a result, we were often unfairly punished or rewarded. As a matter of fact, 3.as__long__as they paid more attention to our actions carefully, they could tell the difference.‎ lie in; communicate with...; a huge number of; get down to...; let sb. down Close relationship and love 4.lie__in frequent communication. Though the Internet develops rapidly, 5.a__huge__number__of people are facing a dilemma where they do not have time to 6.communicate__with their family face to face. As long as we put aside our cellphones and 7.get__down__to spending time with our family, we will never 8.let our family down．‎ Ⅳ.完成语段 Personally, it doesn’t matter 1.whether__you__succeed__or__not(你是否成功). 2.It__is__your__efforts__that__really__matter(最重要的是你的努力)．As long as you spare no effort to acquire knowledge, 3.success__is__not__hard__to__get(不难获得成功)．‎ ‎ convinced　adj.确信的，信服的 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.‎ ‎②a.His idea was not convincing(convince). At last I convinced him to__change(change) his mind to accept my idea.‎ b．It took us several hours to make the old man convinced(convince) of the safety 18‎ ‎ of travelling by air.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)I’m convinced that you like papercutting, so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎(高级表达)Convinced__that__you__like__papercutting,__I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(分词短语作状语)‎ ‎(1)be convinced of/that...　 确信，承认 ‎ ‎(2)convince v. 说服，使相信 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信/信服某事 convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人去做某事 ‎(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.‎ 我不相信你所说的，但是如果你能拿出证据，那你就能够使我相信。(江西卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] “说服或劝说某人做某事”的表达还有：‎ persuade sb. to do sth.‎ persuade/talk sb. into doing sth.‎ ‎ oppose　vt.反对；对抗，抗争 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Many residents opposed the government building(build) a chemical factory near the school.‎ ‎②a.Opposed(oppose) to the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.‎ b.__Opposing(oppose) the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.‎ ‎③(2019·浙江卷6月)Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite(oppose) effect.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people opposed__it/were__opposed__to__it(反对它)．‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)With__a__lot__of__people__opposed__to/opposing__the__new__proposal,__the 18‎ ‎ government postponed it.(with复合结构)‎ ‎(1)oppose doing sth.　　 反对做某事 oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 反对的，对抗的，敌对的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(干)某事 ‎(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对面的 adv. 在对面 prep. 在……对面 n. 对立面，对立的人或物　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] To be frank, in common with Helen, I strongly oppose/am strongly opposed to the proposal.‎ 坦率地说，与海伦一样，我坚决反对这个建议。‎ ‎[名师点津] oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。在be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后要用动词的ing形式。‎ ‎ get down to (doing) sth.　开始做某事 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(福建卷)We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s get down to it.‎ ‎②(湖北卷)I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to get through．‎ ‎③(江苏卷)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎ ‎④(重庆卷)As is known to us, our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and help__us__get__through__difficult__situations(帮助我们渡过难关)．‎ get over　　　　　 克服 get across 通过；被理解 get through 做完；通过(考试)；接通(电话)‎ get along/on with 进展；与某人相处　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.‎ 英德文化有相似的价值观，然而，德国人更喜欢尽快办正事。‎ 18‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“开始做/着手做某事”的短语还有： set about doing sth.；set out to do sth.。‎ ‎ let sb. down　使某人失望 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(天津卷)Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.‎ ‎②(江苏卷)For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.‎ ‎③(辽宁卷)When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎④(普通表达)The professor wants to find an assistant who is worth depending on and won’t disappoint him.‎ ‎(高级表达)The professor wants to find an assistant who is worth depending on and won’t let__him__down．‎ let...in/into　　　　 允许……进入 let out 发出；放出；泄露 let go (of) 放开；释放；松手 let alone 更不用说 let sb./sth. alone 不管/不干涉某人/物　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He accidentally let out that he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.‎ 他无意中说出他与妻子吵架了，他已经好几周没有归家了。(湖南卷)‎ whether...or...无论是……还是……；不管是……还是……‎ ‎ (教材原句)In this sense everybody’s use of language—whether English, Chinese, or any other—is different.‎ 从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是其他任何语言——都是不同的。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(山东卷)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.‎ 18‎ ‎②(2018·北京卷)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(牛津词典)不管成功与否，我们确实已尽了最大努力。(让步状语从句)‎ Whether__we__are__successful__or__not,__we can be sure that we did our best.‎ ‎④究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待验证。(主语从句)‎ Whether__it__will__do__us__harm__or__good__remains to be seen.‎ ‎(1)whether ...or ...“无论是……还是……， 不管是……还是……”， 引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎(2)whether ...or ...也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。‎ ‎(3)whether也可和or not 连用。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.‎ 你儿子可能不是他队里最好的篮球运动员。但是如果他每天都在那里努力训练，不管他的球队是赢还是输，你都应该对他的努力提出表扬。(2019·浙江卷6月)‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Her brother was__rejected(reject) by the army because of his bad eyesight.‎ ‎2．It is reported that more and more students have difficulty in resisting(resist) playing computer games.‎ ‎3．In everyday communication, information conveyed(convey)by gestures and tone of voice is often misunderstood.‎ ‎4．I know it’s time I got down to doing(do) my homework, but I just can’t resist playing(play) computer games.‎ ‎5．Today’s maths homework was easy to__do(do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．It was when we were communicating with each other that I realized how happy it was to help others.‎ 18‎ ‎2．As a matter of fact, happiness doesn’t lie in how much property you own.‎ ‎3．Strangely, Mr.Green, opposed to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.‎ ‎4．Many customs and traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant to the modern life.‎ ‎5．Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotions. In conclusion, it is not a simple thing.‎ 维度三　派生词练习 ‎1．Thanks to your approval,__if you didn’t approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)‎ ‎2．Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven’t realized the significance of it.(significance)‎ ‎3．It’s a convincing speech and I’m convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)‎ ‎4．The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden. He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)‎ ‎5．I complained to the hotel manager that the room was too damp but my complaint was declined.(complain)‎ 维度四　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．我们学校的外教很容易相处。(主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式)‎ The foreign teacher in our school is__easy__to__get__along__with．‎ ‎2．这对我们是好是坏还很难说。(whether ...or ...)‎ Whether__it__will__do__us__good__or__harm is hard to say.‎ ‎3．生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。‎ In our life we may meet many failures; as__long__as__we__try__our__best,__there is no need to feel regret for these failures.‎ ‎4．The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.‎ ‎→The senior students strongly__object__to__being__treated unfairly by others.‎ ‎→The senior students are__strongly__opposed__to__being__treated unfairly by others.‎ ‎5．许多老人反对为重建一个购物中心而砍掉这棵百年老树。‎ 18‎ ‎①Many old men oppose__cutting__down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding a shopping center. (oppose)‎ ‎②Many old men are__opposed__to__cutting__down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding a shopping center. (opposed)‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ ‎1．Whether we live in a city or in the countryside, fresh air is of great 2.significance(significant). It 3.is__investigated(investigate) that many people’s illness is relevant to polluted air. When the government gets down to 4.solving(solve) the problem, people are optimistic about the future of the country. Sometimes the result may fail 5.to__meet(meet) with people’s 6.approval(approve), or rather, letting people 7.down. Some make 8.a complaint about it. Of course, not all the citizens reject the result. They agree on the idea that many aspects have association with the problem. And any difficulty can’t be solved 9.instantly(instant). 10.In conclusion, as long as we want to solve the problem, we must overcome it in the near future.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，你要写一篇英语短文说明学习英语的重要性。写作要点如下：①英语的广泛使用和重要性；②学习英语的关键。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)‎ ‎①随着国际贸易的发展，英语的应用越来越广泛。‎ With__the__development__of__international__trade,__English is used more and more widely.‎ ‎②对于我们而言掌握英语很重要。‎ It is very__significant__for__us__to__acquire__a__good__knowledge of English.‎ ‎③如果我们不能用英语与外国人自由地交流，我们也许会失去许多机会。(状语从句)‎ If we can’t communicate__with__foreigners in English freely, we may lose a__huge__number__of__opportunities．‎ ‎④我们都相信学好英语不容易。‎ We are__convinced that learning English well is not easy.‎ ‎⑤学好英语的关键在于勤奋和信心。‎ The__key__to__learning__English__well__lies__in hard work and confidence.‎ ‎⑥只要我们开始努力学习，没有什么克服不了的困难。(状语从句；be＋ adj.＋to do)‎ 18‎ As__long__as__we__get__down__to__studying__hard,__nothing will be__difficult__to__overcome．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑦用“be＋of＋名词”结构升级句②‎ It__is__of__great__significance__for__us__to__acquire__a__good__knowledge__of__English.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：thus, or rather, in fact, furthermore, in conclusion)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ With the development of international trade, English is used more and more widely. Thus, it is of great significance for us to acquire a good knowledge of English. Or rather if we can’t communicate with foreigners in English freely, we may lose a huge number of opportunities. In fact, we are convinced that learning English well is not easy. Furthermore, the key to learning English well lies in hard work and confidence. In conclusion, as long as we get down to studying hard, nothing will be difficult to overcome.‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·贵阳适应性考试一)Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.‎ Almost twothirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk 18‎ ‎ with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．‎ Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.‎ The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.‎ If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.‎ ‎“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention worldclass cuisine！”‎ They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。‎ ‎1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?‎ A．Brits are poor at languages.‎ B．Brits regret what they have done.‎ C．Brits like relying on others.‎ D．Brits are good at languages.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。‎ ‎2．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?‎ A．About 10%. B．About 12%.‎ C．About 20%. D．About 21%.‎ 18‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。‎ ‎3．How is the text mainly developed?‎ A．By analyzing causes.‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By making description.‎ D．By listing data.‎ D　解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。‎ B ‎(2020·福建三校第一学期联考)‎ Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.‎ It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.‎ The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter(PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．‎ Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.‎ ‎“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival—on average about 18‎ ‎ a year globally.”‎ In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。‎ ‎4．What do we know about PM 2.5?‎ A．It has a bad effect on human health.‎ B．It will be controlled in the future.‎ C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.‎ D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。‎ ‎5．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?‎ A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.‎ B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.‎ C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.‎ D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。‎ ‎6．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.‎ B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.‎ C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.‎ D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.‎ 18‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution C．Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution　‎ D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·济南模拟)About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1.________ There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this?‎ ‎2．________ One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture(like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3.________‎ Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? 4.________ It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that?‎ Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn’t too difficult and doesn’t include any group’s culture. It is called Esperanto. 5.________ Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either. There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.‎ A．People like English.‎ B．But it hasn’t become popular.‎ 18‎ C．It has brought its language with it.‎ D．There is no doubt about the question.‎ E．This is why English was widely spoken.‎ F．It has become the new international language.‎ G．There are many reasons why English has become so popular.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了英语作为国际语言流行的原因及对未来可能流行的语言的预测。‎ ‎1．F　解析：根据第一段的前两句可知，大约一百年前很多有学问的人学习法语，并且在见到来自其他国家的人时说法语，现在大部分人见到外国人时说英语。由此可推知，英语已经成了新的国际性语言。故选F项。‎ ‎2．G　解析：承接上文“Why is this？”，并结合本段中的“One of them is”和“Another important reason is”可推知，此空表述英语流行有诸多原因，故选G项。‎ ‎3．C　解析：承接上文美国文化在全球的流行可知，它的语言也随之而来，故选C项。‎ ‎4．D　解析：承接上文的疑问句，并结合下文的肯定陈述“It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.”可知，此处是表示英语在全世界的传播是一件好事，故选D项。‎ ‎5．B　解析：结合下文“Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either.”可知，B项“但是它并没有流行起来”符合语境，衔接上下文。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·绵阳第一次诊断)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008. Its goal is 1.____________(make) sure all children have a chance for education.‎ It all started when he was a college student. Adam Braun was visiting India when 2.____________ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money. He asked her what she desired 3.____________(much) of all in the world. Astonishingly, her answer was “a pencil”. The girl had never been to school before, and that was the 4.____________(real) for 57 million children around the world.‎ After graduation, Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5.____________(her). “We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6.____________ quality education. So I was determined to create schools in other places 7.____________children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media.‎ ‎“We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children, but that we’re 8.____________(actual) seeing amazing 18‎ ‎ results in the classroom. That’s why our 9.____________(kid) in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” Braun said.‎ Since then, it 10.____________(help) more than 22，000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了Adam Braun建立了一个旨在帮助所有孩子接受教育的组织。‎ ‎1．to make　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是确保所有的孩子都有机会接受教育。此处用不定式作表语。‎ ‎2．a　解析：考查冠词。句意：Adam Braun在印度游览时，一个女孩在街上拦住了他，向他要钱。girl为可数名词单数，且此处是第一次提到，故应用不定冠词a。‎ ‎3．most　解析：考查副词的最高级。句意：他问她在世界上她最想要什么。根据句意及空后的“of all”可知，此处表示“最想要”，故应用副词的最高级形式。‎ ‎4．reality　解析：考查名词。句意：这个女孩从来没有上过学，这是全世界5 700万孩子的现状。此处定冠词“the”后应跟名词。故用reality，意为“事实，现实”。‎ ‎5．hers　解析：考查代词。句意：毕业后，Adam Braun从来没有忘记这个女孩和她的问题。介词of后应跟名词性物主代词，表示“她的”，故此处应用hers。‎ ‎6．to　解析：考查介词。此处考查固定搭配have access to sth.“有机会使用……”，故应用介词to。‎ ‎7．where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词other places，且在从句中作地点状语，故应用where。‎ ‎8．actually　解析：考查副词。句意：我们努力确保这个项目不只是孩子们漂亮的图片和视频，还有我们真正地看到课堂上令人惊叹的成果。修饰动词应用副词actually。‎ ‎9．kids　解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：Braun说，这就是在Pencils of Promise学校的孩子们从一个年级到下个年级进步迅速的原因。根据句意及谓语动词progress可知，此处应用kid的复数形式。‎ ‎10．has helped　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：从那时起，它已经帮助了非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的22 000多个孩子。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时。‎ 18‎