2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions同步练习 人教版选修8

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions同步练习 人教版选修8

‎ Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．patent n．　　　　　　　 专利证书；专利权 ‎2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 ‎3．powder n. 粉末；火药 ‎4．perfume n. 香水；香味 ‎5．version n. 版本；译本 ‎6．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；‎ ‎ 动态的；发展变化的 ‎7．criterion n. (pl. criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度 ‎8．glue n. 胶；胶水 vt. 粘贴；粘合 ‎9．refrigerator n. 冰箱 ‎10．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 ‎11．current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的 ‎12．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体 ‎13．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 ‎14．merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 ‎15．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 ‎16．claim n．& vt. 要求；声称；主张 ‎17．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档 ‎18．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．distinguish vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；‎ ‎ 使……有所不同；辨别 ‎2．product n. 产品 ‎3．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎4．dial vt. 拨(电话)‎ 22‎ ‎5．rainfall n. 降雨 ‎6．innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的 ‎7．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎8．tap vt.& vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 ‎9．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ‎10．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便，便利；适宜→conveniently adv.便利地，方便地 ‎2．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎3．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地　‎ ‎4．expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为→expectation n．预料；期待；期望 ‎5．recognize vt.认出，识别；承认→recognition n．认出；认可；承认 ‎6．freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的 ‎7．occasion n．时机，机会；场合→occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地 ‎8．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地 ‎9．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．协会；联合；关联 ‎10．practice n．练习，实习→practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的　‎ ‎11．mercy n．宽恕；仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的→merciless__adj.残忍的；无情的 ‎1.后缀ive形容词集锦 ‎①active　　　　 主动的 ‎②passive 消极的；被动语态的 ‎③positive 积极的 ‎④negative 消极的 ‎⑤subjective 主观的 ‎⑥objective 客观的 ‎2.表示“抓住”的相关动词一览 ‎①seize　　　　 抓住；捉住；夺 22‎ ‎②catch 抓住；接住 ‎③grasp 抓住；掌握 ‎④clutch 抓住；紧握 ‎⑤capture 抓住；俘获 ‎⑥grapple 抓住；搏斗 ‎3. “同伴”大会盟 ‎①partner n．　 伙伴；同伴；同伙 ‎②mate n. (工人间的)伙伴；同事 ‎③fellow n. 同伴 ‎④company n. 同伴；伴侣 ‎⑤companion n. 同伴；陪伴 ‎⑥associate n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎ (二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．call__up　　　　　　　 给……打电话；使想起 ‎2．now__and__then__ 偶尔；有时 ‎3．set__about__ 开始；着手 ‎4．dive__into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎5．set__out__(to__do)__ 开始(做)‎ ‎6．hang__on__ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎7．out__of__order 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎8．get__through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；‎ ‎ (设法)做完；通过 ‎9．ring__back 回复电话 ‎10．ring__off 挂断电话 ‎1.“v.＋into”短语荟萃 ‎①dive into　　　　 一心投入 ‎②burst into 突然闯入 ‎③run into 撞上 ‎④look into 调查 ‎⑤knock into 撞上 ‎⑥break into 破门而入 ‎2.“偶尔；有时”词汇全接触 22‎ ‎①now and then ‎②now and again ‎③from time to time ‎④at times ‎⑤once in a while ‎⑥on occasion ‎3.“着手做某事”短语荟萃 ‎①set about doing sth.‎ ‎②set out to do sth.‎ ‎③settle down to doing sth.‎ ‎④get down to doing sth.‎ ‎⑤go about doing sth.‎ ‎ (三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：There seems to be...看起来似乎……‎ The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there__only__seemed__to__be powders designed to kill snakes.　我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。‎ 句型2：“连词＋过去分词”省略结构 Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when__cooled. 　在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。‎ 句型3：so...that...引导结果状语从句 The criteria are so__strict__that__it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. ‎ ‎(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真的是新颖的，否则很难被接受。‎ 句型4：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Follow__it__up,__explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 　跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．He is too young to distinguish(区分) between right and wrong, and needs your 22‎ ‎ guidance.‎ ‎2．A book had been stolen, but the teacher said he was sure Tom was innocent(清白的)．‎ ‎3．We should try our best to put the enemy in a passive(被动的) position.‎ ‎4．Nowadays many old people have to bear(忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.‎ ‎5．(2019·天津卷) Occasionally(occasional)，I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.‎ ‎6．(2017·天津卷)Of course, I also took some practical(practice) steps to lose weight.‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ完形) At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. 突然地 ‎2．(2019·北京卷阅读C) These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. 现在的；当前的 ‎3．(全国卷Ⅱ阅读C) Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. 身份证明 ‎4．(2017·天津卷阅读A) Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.版本 Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution. You should get on with him cautiously. (caution)‎ ‎2．You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,__that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient)‎ ‎3．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any association between them. (associate)‎ ‎4．It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze)‎ ‎5．This is my occasional visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion)‎ ‎6．Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you ‎ 22‎ must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice)‎ Ⅳ.选词成篇 dive into; now and then; ring...back; set about; seize the chance; call sb. up; get through One day, a student 1.called his science teacher up__abruptly, saying that he graduated from college and 2.set__about hunting for a job. He was fortunate because a firm just wanted a person to manage files. He wanted to 3.__seize__the__chance and made full preparations for the interview. A few days later, the company 4.rang him back,__saying that he 5.got__through the interview. He was determined to 6.dive__into his work and consult his science teacher 7.now__and__then if he was in trouble.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．一旦曝光，胶卷就会被损坏而不能用了。‎ Once__exposed__to__light,__the film will be damaged and get useless.‎ ‎2．他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。‎ His invention was so__practical__that he soon got a patent.‎ ‎3．给我一个机会，我不会辜负您的期望。‎ Give me a chance and__I__will__live__up__to__your__expectations．‎ ‎4．似乎有更好的办法来解决边界争端。‎ There__seemed__to__be__a__better__way to solve the border dispute.‎ ‎ distinguish　vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world. ‎ ‎②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished(distinguish) guests efficiently while offering them constructive guidance.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)Because it is__distinguished__for__its__attractive__scenery(以其迷人的风景而闻名), Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.‎ ‎④(高级表达)Distinguished__for__its__attractive__scenery,__Hangzhou ‎ 22‎ witnesses large numbers of tourists every year. (分词作状语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish...from... 把……与……‎ ‎ 区分开来 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)而出名 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 be distinguished as... 作为……而出名 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 　读好书不仅可以丰富我们的思想，还可以教我们分清是非。‎ ‎ bear　vt. (bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育；结(果实)　n．强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎[一词多义]——写出下列句中bear的含义 ‎①Everyone should bear the responsibility of protecting the environment.负担；承担 ‎②(2019·天津卷) We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid selfpity.忍受 ‎③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎④(普通表达)My mother often reminds me to remember that failure is the mother of success.‎ ‎(高级表达)My mother often reminds me to bear__in__mind that failure is the mother of success.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)bear doing/to do sth.　　　 忍受做某事 bear sb. doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that... 记住……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out and practical.‎ 然而，一项计划如果没有被实际执行和没有实用性，‎ 22‎ 就不会有任何成果。(浙江卷书面表达)‎ ‎ associate　vt.联想；联系　n．同伴；伙伴 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care.‎ ‎②There are many serious health problems which are__associated(associate) with smoking.‎ ‎[能力提升]——微写作 ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次展览是由当地政府联合一些剪纸艺术家共同组织的。‎ This exhibition was organized by the local government in__association__with__several__papercutting__artists．‎ ‎ ‎(1)associate...with...　 把……和……‎ ‎ 联系在一起 be associated with... 和……有关 associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道 ‎(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；‎ ‎ 协会；团体 in association with... 与……合伙/合作　‎ ‎[佳句背诵] If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.‎ 如果你和思想积极的人交往，你一定会获得成功。‎ ‎ call up　给……打电话；使……回忆起 ‎[基础练习]——用call的相关短语填空 ‎①Your letter calls__up those pleasant days when we worked together.‎ ‎②Mr.White called__at my house after he finished his speech.‎ ‎③As we all know, success calls__for much hard work.‎ ‎④I__called__up__my mother to ask if she wanted to live with us in the city.‎ ‎[能力提升]——微写作 ‎⑤(北京卷书面表达)地球日前一周，在我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入这个“让地球变得更绿”的活动中来。‎ A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling__on/upon__us__to__join__in__the__activity__for__a__greener__earth．‎ 22‎ call at　　　　　　　　 拜访(某个地点)‎ call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)‎ call in 邀请；请来 call off 取消；停止 call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召 call out 大声喊叫　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] The saying concerning friendship calls up one unforgettable thing that I went through last year. 　关于友谊的这句谚语使我想起了去年我经历的一件难忘的事。‎ ‎[联想发散]与“打电话”有关的其他短语：‎ ‎①ring__up 　　　　　　　 给……打电话 ‎②ring/call__back 回复电话 ‎③ring__off 挂断电话 ‎④give__sb.__a__ring/call 给某人打电话 ‎⑤hang/hold__on 不挂断 ‎ get through　设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；渡过(难关)；用完；耗尽 ‎[一词多义]——写出下列句中get through的含义 ‎①I managed to get through the hard work and the pain was worth it in the end.(设法)做完 ‎②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话 ‎③Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过 ‎④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 get across　　　　　　　 被理解；使人了解 get away with 被放过；逃脱惩罚 get down to doing sth. 着手认真做某事 get over 克服　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you get through the tough years.　毕业是感谢在艰难岁月中帮助你度过艰难岁月的人的美好时刻。‎ 祈使句＋and＋陈述句 22‎ ‎(教材P25)Follow it up, explore all around it，and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.　跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Don’t be too talkative, or you may leave a poor impression on others.‎ ‎②A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)给我一个机会，我会给你更多的回报。‎ ‎③Give__me__a__chance,__and I will reward you with more.‎ ‎④If__you__give__me__a__chance,__I will reward you with more.‎ ‎ ‎(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...＋主句。‎ ‎(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If... not...＋主句。‎ ‎(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Form good habits of learning and you will improve your learning efficiency.‎ 养成良好的学习习惯，你就会提高学习效率。‎ ‎[名师点津] 上述方框中各结构后面的陈述句多用一般将来时。‎ Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)‎ ‎1．Bearing(bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)I have learnt that our English association__(associate) needs some volunteers to meet the visiting foreign students and I want to apply for the position.‎ ‎3．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing(distinguish) right from wrong.‎ ‎4．We all have an expectation(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.‎ ‎5．(2018·江苏卷书面表达)There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience(convenient) to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable.‎ ‎6．The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen(freeze)‎ 22‎ ‎ river every Sunday afternoon in winter.‎ ‎7．The farmer cares for the crop carefully, waiting for it to grow and ripen(ripe)．‎ ‎8．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents occasionally(occasion)．‎ Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ ‎1．Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer, and we can have fun together.‎ ‎2．As the clerk went to look for the manager, I was so impatient that I hung(hang) up.‎ ‎3．I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition.‎ ‎4．It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to get through many hardships and survive.‎ ‎5．(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It is not the ratings but your sound judgment that__really counts.‎ Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.Distinguishing→Distinguished ‎2．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with.删除with ‎3．I’m not accustomed to associate with people like those young men.associate→associating ‎4．We could hear a woman singing merry in the next room.merry→merrily ‎5．There was a general expectation what most students would pass the exam.what→that ‎6．I think you should be caution about giving your address to strangers.caution→cautious Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)‎ ‎1．The ice is too thin to bear your weight, I think. v．支撑 ‎2．Jane was quick to seize the meaning of what the teacher said at the meeting. v．理解 ‎3．We can’t lend you any sugar.We are a bit short of it ourselves. adj.不足的；缺乏的 22‎ 提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ ‎ (一)‎ My best friend Lucy called me 1.up abruptly, saying that she had found a good job in terms of salary.However, she couldn’t bear the 2.freezing(freeze) weather in the North. So she expected 3.to__hunt(hunt) for a job in a city in the South where weather is pleasant and transport is 4.convenient(convenience)．　‎ ‎(二)‎ Wang Yong 1.is__distinguished(distinguish) as the 2018 Annual Top Ten Policemen. Not 2.bearing(bear) any criminal escaping punishment, he has devoted himself to his work. So far he 3.has__seized(seize) more than 2，000 robbers and thieves in his 20year police career. Mr. Wang is also a thoughtful man and he has filed all the information 4.associated(associate) with the criminals he has caught. He tries to help them within his power.He regularly 5.dials(dial) the former prisoners asking about their performances. He has gained 6.recognition(recognize) and respect in his career and he promises he will continue to dive 7.into his work.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，你从当地一家网站上看到一则招聘设计部助手的广告，请你给负责人写一封求职信，内容包括：①自我介绍；②个人优势；③希望得到回复。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①得知您的设计部需要助手，我想申请这个职位。‎ I have learned that your__designing__department__is__in__need__of__an__assistant. I’d like to apply for the position.‎ ‎②自从童年开始，我就着手设计东西。‎ I__have__set__about__designing/set__out__to__design things since my childhood.‎ ‎③在过去的两年中，我一直潜心设计并在设计大赛中获得一等奖。‎ In the past two years, I__have__been__diving__into__designing and have won the first prize in the designing competition.‎ ‎④我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往。‎ I__can__bear__the__hard__training and like__to__associate__with__others．‎ ‎⑤我对电脑操作和办公软件运用自如，这可以帮我顺利完成工作。‎ I feel comfortable with computer operation and office software, which__can__help__me__get__through__my__work__well．‎ 22‎ ‎⑥如果被雇用，我将竭尽全力以不辜负您的期望。‎ If I am employed, I__will__spare__no__effort__to__live__up__to__your__expectations．‎ ‎⑦如果您考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。‎ I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__consider__my__application.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑧用分词作状语升级句①‎ Learning__that__your__designing__department__is__in__need__of__an__assistant,__I’d__like__to__apply__for__the__position.‎ ‎⑨用省略句升级句⑥‎ If__employed,__I__will__spare__no__effort__to__live__up__to__your__expectations.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in addition, meanwhile)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ Learning that your designing department is in need of an assistant, I’d like to apply for the position.‎ I have set about designing things since my childhood. In the past two years, I have been diving into designing and have won the first prize in the designing competition. In addition, I can bear the hard training and like to associate with others. Meanwhile, I feel comfortable with computer operation and office software, which can help me get through my work well. If employed, I will spare no effort to live up to your expectations. I would appreciate it if you could consider my application.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ (建议用时：50分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 22‎ A ‎(2020·昆明高考模拟)A reusable bottle will save you money in the long run while helping you reach your hydration goals. Let’s check out these reusable water bottles in 2019!‎ Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle(Stainless steel), $31‎ This shiny, stainless steel bottle is lightweight and easy to grasp, so it’s perfectly portable when you’re onthego, whether hiking up a mountain or doing business around town. The singlewalled stainless steel construction keeps your drink cold for hours, and a stylish cap made of sustainably harvested bamboo tops it off.‎ CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle(Plastic), $20 (Normally $28)‎ If you find more of your drink ends up in your bag—or on your pants—than in your mouth, CamelBak’s spillproof water bottle cap is a musthave. The newly redesigned “biteandsip” cap lets more liquid flow through than previous versions, letting you stay hydrated without having to worry about spills. It’s also dishwashersafe, unlike other water bottles, so it’s simple to keep clean and germfree.‎ YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle, $10‎ For adventurers onthego, this spacesaving water container is a musthave. The soft, BPAfree bottle folds up to be only 4.5 inches tall when it’s empty, but stores up to 500 ml liquid when you fill it up! Available in six bright colors, this handy bottle is the perfect travel companion for your next biking, hiking, or camping trip.‎ Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle, $9‎ Kick up the flavor with this genius infuser bottle that allows you to add in extra flavor to your water. Fill the removable infuser basket with lemons, berries, tea bags, or anything else you’re fond of, and you’ll be able to create your own deliciously flavored water. You can take out the infuser whenever you need a regular water bottle too.‎ ‎【解题导语】　文章介绍了四种既省钱、实用，又各具特色的水杯。‎ ‎1．Which bottle keeps your drink cold for hours?‎ A．Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle.‎ B．CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle.‎ C．YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle.‎ D．Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle (Stainless steel), $31‎ 22‎ 部分中的“The singlewalled stainless steel construction keeps your drink cold for hours”可知，Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle可以让饮料数小时保持冰凉的状态，故A项符合题意。‎ ‎2．How much can you save if you buy a plastic bottle?‎ A．$15.　　　　　　　　　 B．$13.‎ C．$10. D．$8.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle(Plastic), $20 (Normally $28)部分可知，CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle正常卖28美元，现在卖20美元，比正常的价格便宜了8美元，故选D。‎ ‎3．What’s the characteristic of YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle?‎ A．Being made of stainless steel.‎ B．Saving space by easily folding up.‎ C．Preventing the liquid from spills.‎ D．Allowing users to add in extra flavor.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle, $10部分中的“The soft, BPAfree bottle folds up to be only 4.5 inches tall when it’s empty”可知，这种水杯的特点就是在不装水的时候可以折叠起来，这样可以节省空间。故选B。根据文章的内容可知，A项叙述的是Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle的特点；C项叙述的是CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle的特点；D项叙述的是Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle的特点。‎ B ‎(2020·湖南六校联考)Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.‎ It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music ‎ 22‎ festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.‎ The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.‎ Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱，还会造成环境污染，Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的食用方法，运输方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市场前景。‎ ‎4．How is most plastic dealt with in America?‎ A．It’s sold. B．It’s recycled.‎ C．It’s buried. D．It’s wasted.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.”可知，在美国只有23%的塑料最终回到回收站，这意味着价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知，在美国，大部分塑料被当成垃圾处理了，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．Why did the team invent Ooho?‎ A．To make a profit for a company.‎ B．To protect the environment.‎ C．To make people eat as they drink.‎ D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.”可知，由于塑料瓶的使用污染了环境，故Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．What can we infer about Ooho from the text?‎ 22‎ A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.‎ B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.‎ C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.‎ D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles.”可知，该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低。据此可推知，该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?‎ A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.‎ B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.‎ C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.‎ D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.”可知，Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在三天时间内就得到了1 000 位投资者的关注，筹集到100多万美元；再结合文章最后一句“It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.”可推知，作者最后一段想要表达的是，在未来Ooho一定能获得成功，故A项正确。‎ ‎【难句分析】　It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter.‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter”为where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“outdoor events”，where在从句中作地点状语。‎ 译文：该产品是针对诸如马拉松、音乐节和体育赛事等大型户外活动而发明的，在这些活动中，会使用数吨塑料瓶，并且这些塑料瓶经常被当作垃圾扔下。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·太原高三模拟)When I was a freshman in college, I had some seniors telling me, “You should not really try to get the highest grades. Try to score just about enough that you are right above the __1__ .” They said, “Look at that guy! He is a __2__， but he doesn’t have a job.” The boy happened to __3__ this conversation, but did not say anything and __4__ went to his dormitory.‎ I followed __5__ advice for a year, and got really average grades. Unexpectedly ‎ 22‎ that year, the __6__ in economy occurred and the whole world changed. Almost all the seniors in my college who had offer letters in their hands started getting __7__ letters in their mailbox.‎ It was sadness everywhere and then it was a state of __8__ all over the campus. __9__， the topper was still quiet. He called me to his room. I had no clue why he __10__ me. I thought he had seen me in the library several times. He only wanted to spend ten __11__ with me, but passed me his __12__ life advice.‎ He said, “Check this letter out.” It said—“Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Congratulations! You are __13__ for a PhD program.” “Try to get the kind of grades that you could __14__ yourself on. Don’t take the __15__ advice. Look! They were all telling you to be average. But I know you can do better. Now go, and spend as many hours in the __16__ as you can rather than hanging out with your friends.”‎ He continued, “You never know how the world will change. Everything you own can be __17__ at one time. The only thing won’t betray you: your __18__ work.”‎ I got the highest grades the following semesters. I __19__ it to University of Wisconsin—Madison for a PhD in Chemical Engineering, and then to Intel Corporation. Who knows where the next __20__ could be...‎ ‎【解题导语】　“我”刚上大学时，一些毕业班的学生告诉“我”大学期间不用考高分，“我”听从了他们的建议；后来经济动荡，社会发生了变化，这些学生求职受挫；一位成绩优秀的学长给了“我”忠告，让“我”在大学里实现了更高的目标。‎ ‎1．A.top　　　　　　　　　　　 B．average C．percentage D．grade B　解析：根据第二段中的“got really average grades”和第四段中的“They were all telling you to be average.”可知，一些毕业班的学生告诉作者只要达到平均水平以上就行。‎ ‎2．A.candidate B．graduate C．topper D．loser C　解析：根据第三段中的“the topper was still quiet”中的topper可知，此处表示这个男孩是成绩最优秀的人。‎ ‎3．A.join B．hear C．interrupt D．ignore B　解析：根据“but did not say anything”以及第三段中的“the topper was still quiet”可知，这个男孩碰巧听到(hear) 了那些毕业班学生的谈话，但是他什么也没有说，‎ 22‎ 默默地(silently) 走向宿舍。‎ ‎4．A.angrily B．happily C．awkwardly D．silently D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎5．A.his B．my C．their D．your C　解析：根据上文中的“I had some seniors telling me”可知，作者听从了他们的建议。‎ ‎6．A.growth B．development C．downturn D．recovery C　解析：根据语境以及空后的“the whole world changed”可知，出乎意料的是那年经济衰退，整个世界发生了变化。downturn“衰退”。‎ ‎7．A.rejection B．confirmation C．invitation D．recommendation A　解析：根据语境可知，因为经济衰退，形势发生了变化，我们学校几乎所有手中有职位邀请函的毕业班学生开始收到回绝信。‎ ‎8．A.fancy B．mind C．conflict D．panic D　解析：根据上文以及空前的“It was sadness everywhere”可知，整个校园弥漫着悲伤气氛，一片恐慌。‎ ‎9．A.Lastly B．Luckily C．Therefore D．However D　解析：根据上文整个校园弥漫着悲伤气氛，一片恐慌并结合空后的“the topper was still quiet”可知，前后形成转折关系。‎ ‎10．A.hated B．favored C．disturbed D．suggested B　解析：根据空后一句“I thought he had seen me in the library several times.”可推知，作者不知道他为什么偏爱作者，作者认为他可能在图书馆看到过自己几次。‎ ‎11．A.periods B．seconds C．hours D．minutes D　解析：根据语境以及“but passed me his ______ life advice”可知，那个男孩只是想和作者谈10分钟(minutes)，但却给了作者最好的(best) 人生建议。‎ ‎12．A.hardest B．closest C．best D．newest 22‎ C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎13．A.considered B．refused C．accepted D．praised C　解析：根据语境可知，那个男孩让作者看了一封信，信上说，他被麻省理工学院的博士项目录取了。‎ ‎14．A.limit B．pride C．relax D．control B　解析：他建议作者努力学习，获得高分，这样作者会为自己的高分感到骄傲。‎ ‎15．A.wrong B．different C．frank D．easy A　解析：上文提到那些只达到平均水平以上的毕业班学生没有找到工作，所以他们提出的建议是错的。‎ ‎16．A.library B．club C．jobhunting D．mind reading A　解析：根据上文中的“I thought he had seen me in the library several times.”可知，他建议作者多去图书馆看书而不是和朋友在外面闲逛。‎ ‎17．A.taken away B．passed down C．used up D．left behind A　解析：根据语境可知，你不知道世界将怎么变化，你拥有的东西可能在某个时候被拿走。take away“拿走，带走”；pass down“把……传下去”；use up“用尽”；leave behind“把……抛在后面”。‎ ‎18．A.difficult B．hard C．regular D．creative B　解析：根据上文那个男孩的建议可知，唯一不会背叛你的就是你的努力。‎ ‎19．A.failed B．processed C．wrote D．made D　解析：根据空前的“I got the highest grades the following semesters.”可知，作者成功进入威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校。make it“获得成功”。‎ ‎20．A.destination B．purpose C．condition D．contract A　解析：根据上文可知，作者进入威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校，之后进入英特尔公司，由此可推知，此处表示谁会知道下一个目的地可能在哪儿。‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2020·南昌重点中学阶段考试)假设你叫李华，你听说即将来你校任职的外籍教师 22‎ David需要一名学生助手，你想自荐做他的助手。请你用英文写一封自荐信，要点包括：‎ ‎1．写信目的；‎ ‎2．你作为助手的优势；‎ ‎3．表达期待。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear David，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ Dear__David，‎ I’m Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Senior Middle School. ①It’s great to hear that you are coming to teach in our school next semester. You said you want an assistant to help you with your work, and I think I am qualified for the job.‎ ‎②Firstly, being one of the top ten students in our school, I am able to speak fluent English. Secondly, I can use the computer skillfully. What’s more, I have a gift for communicating with others and I am always ready to help people in need. So I’m sure to be helpful in your work and life in China.‎ I’ll appreciate it if I have the chance to be your assistant. Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li__Hua ‎【亮点词句】　亮点词汇：be qualified for sth.(在某方面有资格); have a gift for sth./doing sth.(在某方面有天赋/才能)；be ready to do sth.(乐意做某事/准备好做某事)‎ 亮点句式：It’s great to hear that...; I’ll appreciate it if...(表达期望和感谢)‎ ‎【一句多译】　‎ ‎①表达方式一：I am so happy to hear that you are coming to teach in our school next semester.‎ 表达方式二：Hearing that you are coming to teach in our school next semester, I feel so cheerful.‎ 22‎ ‎②First, I am one of the top ten students in our school and able to speak English fluently.‎ 22‎