2020届二轮复习高考阅读理解中高考命题人是用infer命题的特点及解题思考

2020届二轮复习高考阅读理解中高考命题人是用infer命题的特点及解题思考

高考阅读理解中高考命题人是用infer命题的特点及解题思考 笔者近日在审读阅读理解原创稿件中发现，有的稿件中出现一些与高考英语全国卷真题的命题特点不完全相符的地方。针对这些不相符的地方，笔者通过对近年高考真题的命题特点进行总分析，探讨应当如何命制才更接近高考真题。‎ 每个小问题，整理成一小短文，同广大同行交流商讨。欢迎您来稿交流！也欢迎您发来阅读理解原创稿件！‎ 在来稿中，常常见到What can we infer from the text?妥吗？在回答这个问题之前，先看看高考命题人如何用infer命题的。‎ 一、什么情况下用infer命题 因infer意为“推断”，必定是推断文中没有明说的，是要求考生根据文中已有信息再结合已有常识进行适当推断得出作者没有明说的言外之意或弦外之音。如：‎ ‎(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) “You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from aparent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.‎ ‎24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply inparagraph l?‎ A. She knows little about the club.‎ B. She isn’t good at sports.‎ C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer.‎ D. She’s unable to meet her schedule.‎ 根据文中信息，该家长所说“你可以把我作为最后的选择，如果没有其他人做自愿者，那么我来做。”推断出该家长“不想做自愿者”，但又没有明说。‎ 原文中没有明说“不想做志愿者”，需要考生根据这位家长的话去体会其言外之意。‎ 二、如何用infer命题 ‎ 我们要学会用infer命题，首先要了解高考是如何用infer命题的。‎ 全国Ⅰ卷每年一道infer命题，而全国Ⅱ卷和全国Ⅲ卷都是四年考了两次。‎ 具体情况如下：‎ 也说是说，如果是给全国Ⅰ卷的考生命题，每套题要有1道题用infer来命题，考查考生推断能力；给全国Ⅱ卷或全国Ⅲ卷的考生命题，可以用infer命1道推断题，也可以不用infer来考查考生的推断能力。‎ 如果用infer来命题，如何提问？请看以下高考真题：‎ 提问方式 全国Ⅰ卷 ‎(2016) What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ ‎(2017) What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?‎ ‎(2018) What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?‎ ‎(2019) We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ‎ ‎_________.‎ 全国Ⅱ卷 ‎(2017) What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ ‎(2019) What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l?‎ 全国Ⅲ卷 ‎(2016)What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ ‎(2017) What can we infer about the audience?‎ 由上述实例，可以得出以下几点结论：‎ ‎1.除2019年全国Ⅰ卷用填空式外，均用提问式。‎ ‎2. 填空式中的题干中infer后的宾语从句至少要含主语，使问题具体明确，以便考生在文中容易找到答案信息句。‎ ‎(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidentialcampaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the projectis about morethan just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.‎ ‎“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.‎ We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.‎ A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics ‎3.除2017年全国Ⅱ卷外，提问中均有about。因此，提问具体明确，易于在文中找到信息；四个选项的主语相同，且均为they, she, it等人称代词，替代about后的名词。‎ ‎(2016年全国Ⅲ卷) “The‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballsand don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A. They’re socially inactive.‎ B. They’re good at telling stories.‎ C. They’re inconsiderate of others.‎ D. They’re careful with their words.‎ ‎4. 2017年全国Ⅱ卷含infer的题干中没有about，那是因为的确是根据整个段落或该段落的每句话来推断的，而且该段信息量少，考生由the last paragraph很容易找到答题信息(全段)。这时四个选项的主语就不一定相同了。请看：‎ Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.‎ What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B. People have stronger senses than before.‎ C. The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.‎ ‎5. 没有from the text/passage 高考通常不要求考生根据全文的内容去推断，一般是根据某一两句、一两处、一两段来推断，这时不用写明根据某处来推断，因为有about…考生在文中易找到信息点了。如：‎ ‎(2017年全国Ⅲ卷)The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movieis 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building...…‎ The theater audience said good-bye as Bradfordlocked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shownits last movie. The theater will be missed.‎ What can we infer about the audience?‎ A. They are disappointed with Bradford. ‎ B. They are sad to part with the old theater.‎ C. They are supportive of the city officials.‎ D. They are eager to have a shopping center.‎ 尽管本题需要根据第二段中的were filled with teary-eyed audience和第五段(末段)来推断，但命题人并没有写明根据某处或text /passage，因为有about the audience，考生易于找到信息点。‎ 但可以根据某一段来推断(注：是的的确确根据该段而非该段的某一两个句子来推断)：‎ What can we infer from the last paragraph?(2017年全国Ⅱ卷)‎ 现在，我们再来看文首的问题：‎ What can we infer from the text?妥吗？‎ 对照上述真题的命题特点，我们姑且不讨论该不该用infer来命题，仅谈用infer命题的题干特点，就有以下两点不符：‎ ‎1.不应用from the text。‎ ‎2.应当用about…‎ 好了，关于如何用infer命题就讲解到这里，希望对您有所启发。‎