专题09名词性从句（教学案）-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

专题09名词性从句（教学案）-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 名词性从句是高考的必考点，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、 表语和同位语。单项填空题对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上，其中连接代词that与what，if与whether是考查的重点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是：‎ 一、通过从句的位置辨别从句的类型；‎ 二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子成分和句意，最终确定选用合适的连接词。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 热点题型一 主语从句 ‎ 例1、【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.‎ A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。‎ ‎【变式探究】[2017·北京卷] Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ A．whatever B．whoever ‎ C．whomever D．whichever ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1．引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，whether等；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 ‎ ‎2．主语从句一般放在句首，但常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有： ‎ ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 ‎ ‎(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 ‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 ‎ ‎(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)＋that从句 ‎ Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. ‎ 无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。 ‎ But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired,never felt better in my life. ‎ 但我仍然不明白的是为什么我从来不厌倦，从未感到我的生活更好过。 ‎ It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’spolicy can be put into practice. ‎ 这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。 ‎ That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.‎ 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息. ‎ It’s a pity that you are leaving.‎ 你要离开，真遗憾。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ ‎________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it. ‎ A．That B．Why ‎ C．Where D．How ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：C 热点题型二 宾语从句 例2、[2017·江苏卷] We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of ________ it used to charge.‎ A．that B．which ‎ C．what D．how ‎【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子可知介词of后跟由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作charge的宾语，故选C项。句意：我们之所以选择这家酒店，是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚，是过去收费的一半。‎ ‎【提分秘籍】 ‎ ‎1．引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等;连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。 ‎ ‎2．宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。 ‎ ‎(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句 ‎ ‎(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate＋it＋宾语从句 ‎ ‎(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on＋it＋宾语从句 ‎ ‎(4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋宾语从句 ‎ ‎3．一般情况下介词后只能用wh－类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语. ‎ ‎4．在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语 从 句的连接词用whether/if，若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。 ‎ ‎5．宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具 体 情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为过去时时，从句须用相 应 的过去时。当从句的内容为真理或客观事 实时， 须用一般现在时。 ‎ Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.‎ 专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物，就会浪费较少的食物。 ‎ As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose whichever suits you best.‎ 提供了多达五门的课程，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。 ‎ I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. ‎ 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。 ‎ We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.‎ 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 ‎ I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.‎ 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution. ‎ A．where B．why ‎ C．what D．which ‎ 解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这次展览告诉我们为什么我们该做些事情来阻止大气污染。此处的从句用来作动词tells的宾语，因此该从句是宾语从句；这个展览告诉我们阻止大气污染的“原因”，所以此处要用why。 ‎ 答案：B 热点题型三 表语从句 ‎ 例3． 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.‎ A. how B. which C. that D. what ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎【变式探究】A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ________ ships are built for. ‎ A．what B．whom ‎ C．why D．when ‎ 解析：考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船 停 在 港口 是 安 全的，但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。 ‎ 答案：A ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1．引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever， ‎ whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why， how，从句用陈述语序。 ‎ ‎2．as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 ‎ ‎3．This/That/It is why＋从句(表结果) “这/那就是……的原因” ‎ This/That/It is because＋从句(表原因) “这/那是因为……” ‎ The reason why...is that＋从句 “……的原因是……” ‎ The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.‎ 对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。 ‎ From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 ‎ I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money. ‎ 我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。 ‎ The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.‎ 他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。 ‎ He was ill.That’s why he was absent. ‎ 他病了，那就是他缺席的原因。 ‎ It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.‎ 听起来你好像来自美国南部。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ ‎—Lily is often absent from school. ‎ ‎—Yes，she is.That’s ________ she is in poor health. ‎ A．why B．the reason ‎ C．because D．how ‎ 解析：分析句子结构可知，That’s 之后应为表语从句。 根据句意可知，健康状况不好是缺席的原因，故首先应排 除A项；B项不符合逻辑；D项不符合题意。 ‎ 答案：C 热点题型四 同位语从句 ‎ 例4、—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? ‎ ‎—Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that’s one of his favorite universities. ‎ A．when B．why ‎ C．that D．how ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1．同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分， 但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when，where，why，how等引导。 ‎ ‎2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth， hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。 ‎ ‎3．分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。 ‎ I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different. ‎ 我给自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。 ‎ I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from. ‎ 我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。 ‎ When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army. ‎ 当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。 ‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ It came as a great surprise to the public________some state leaders’ cellphones might have been monitored by ‎ America’s National Security Agency. ‎ A．that B．whether ‎ C．what D．which ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎ ‎ ‎1.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.zx.x.k A. where B. when C. why D. how ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。‎ ‎2.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.‎ A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。‎ ‎3.【2018·北京】 Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.‎ A. how B. when C. where D. why ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎4.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.‎ A. how B. which C. that D. what ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_________ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。‎ ‎1.[2017·北京卷] Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ A．whatever B．whoever ‎ C．whomever D．whichever ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】试题分析：A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除AD，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。‎ ‎2.[2017·北京卷] Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing________ she was heading.‎ A．why B．where C．how D．when ‎【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。根据句意可知此处意为“不知道去什么地方”，故答案选 B。句意：简漫无目的地沿着林荫大道走着， 不知道要去哪里。 ‎ ‎3.[2017·江苏卷] We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of ________ it used to charge.‎ A．that B．which ‎ C．what D．how ‎ ‎ ‎4.[2017·天津卷] She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.‎ A．when B．where ‎ C．whether D．what ‎ ‎【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。根据“…I admitted that I hadn't.”可知书还没还给图书馆，因此此处问的是是否(whether)已经还了。故选C项。句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。 ‎ ‎【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查主语从句 ‎【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查表语从句 ‎【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ A. why B. what C. as D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故D项正确。‎ ‎【考点】考查主语从句 ‎【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ ‎ A. whether B. that C. which D. what ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎【考点】考查同位语从句。‎ ‎【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.‎ A. that B. where C. what D. why ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。‎ ‎【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.‎ A. what B. whom C. why D. when ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。‎ ‎【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.‎ ‎ A. what B. who C. that D. whoever ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.‎ ‎【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ A. when B. how C. where D. why ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。 ‎ ‎【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.‎ A. where B. why C. what D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。‎ ‎【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ A. where B. how C. why D. If ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.‎ A. That B. Why C. Where D. How ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。‎ ‎【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ A. Where B.How C.Why D. When ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。‎ ‎1．(2014·大纲全国卷)Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ ‎【答案】when ‎ ‎【解析】考查主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是可能是1565‎ 年左右。结合句意可知，when引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。‎ ‎2．(2014·北京卷)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. ‎ ‎【答案】whatever ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．(2014·重庆卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.‎ ‎【答案】why ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？”“是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。”idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that's one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)。‎ ‎4．(2014·福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing________you're afraid to do.‎ ‎【答案】what ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。‎ ‎5．(2014·陕西卷)________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.‎ ‎【答案】When ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：那架延误的班机________会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。分析题意和句子结构可知，这是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句；再分析句子成分可知，主语从句________the delayed flight will take off缺少状语。根据分析可知，此处要表达的是延误的飞机什么时候起飞。‎ ‎6．(2014·湖南卷)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ ‎【答案】what ‎ ‎【解析】考查表语从句。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。what引导的是一个表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语。‎ ‎7．(2014·四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born. ”‎ ‎【答案】where ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那是我出生的地方。”根据语境及句子结构可知，空格处用where引导表语从句。‎ ‎8．(2014·天津卷)I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.‎ ‎【答案】what ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9．(2014·山东卷)It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.‎ ‎【答案】what ‎ ‎【解析】考查连接代词。句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。what was...like？＝how was...？表示“某事怎么样呢？”。‎ ‎10. (2014·江苏卷)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I'm not to blame, mum. I am________you have made me. ‎ ‎【答案】what ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that, 即I am the one/person that you have made me. 。类似的例子还有：He is no longer what(＝the one/person that) he used to be. 。what在此类句子中意为“……的，具有……特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that。‎ ‎ ‎