英语一轮总复习Book3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课时跟踪练 人教版

英语一轮总复习Book3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课时跟踪练 人教版

课时跟踪练14 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Ⅰ.阅读理解 A We can video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of Everest.But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists.The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water, Sonar (声呐) signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the water rather than reaching the air.‎ Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication.“What we've shown is that it's actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，”says Fadel Adib, an assistant professor at MIT, who led the research.‎ The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data.A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers called the system TARF.“It has any number of potential realworld uses，”Adib says.“It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane's black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.”‎ Right now the technology is lowresolution.The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet.The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish.They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction—air to water.‎ If the technology proves successful in realworld conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.‎ ‎1．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?‎ A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.‎ B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.‎ C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.‎ - 8 -‎ D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?‎ A．Achievable.　　　 B．Convenient.‎ C．Changeable. D．Alternative.‎ ‎3．What do we know about TARF?‎ A．It is widely used to find downed planes.‎ B．It can work well at great depths underwater.‎ C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.‎ D．It can send，receive and read signals from underwater.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Realworld Uses of Sonar Technology B．Full WatertoAir Communication Closer to Reality C．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat D．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一种新型装置，它可以用来帮助人们与水下的人员进行交流，也可以用来探测沉在水下的飞机等。目前这种装置还不太成熟，但是，研制者对此很有信心。‎ ‎1．解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“But communicating with a submarine or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists.”可知，要与水下的潜水艇或潜水员沟通并不容易，这是由于缺乏有效的方法来分享水下与机械设备之间的数据。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎2．解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication.”可知，麻省理工学院的研究者们开发了一种方法，使水下通信有了革命性的意义。由此可推知，此处指水下与空中的通信是可行的，achievable意为“可实现的”。‎ 答案：A ‎3．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane's black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.’”可知，这种设备可以通过阅读来自飞机中的黑匣子里的声呐装置发出的信号来发现水下的飞机，也能使潜水艇和地面进行交流。故选D项。‎ 答案：D - 8 -‎ ‎4．解析：主旨大意题。本文介绍了一种新型装置，它已经问世，可以用来探测水下物体或帮助水下与外界交流，但是目前这种装置的分辨率还不高，接下来会进一步改进，会使水下与外界的交流成为现实。故选B项。‎ 答案：B B When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited to a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Anderson Glacier (冰川)．But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn't there anymore.‎ Loss is a growing issue for people working and living in the front line of climate change.And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a fulltime lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell，US, an idea for a class.‎ This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental study.She used the experiences of Native American tribes (部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they're going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”‎ Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic (怀疑论者)．Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.‎ Dillon wasn't going into environmental work—he was a computer science major.Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a fulltime volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration (修复) projects.‎ Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson's class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.‎ Atkinson said she hopes the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted (严重影响的)，” she said.“The future isn't going to be what they imagined.”‎ ‎5．Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?‎ A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp's further research.‎ B．To prove Fawn Sharp's work is similar to Atkinson's.‎ - 8 -‎ C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.‎ D．To show scientists' concern about the Anderson Glacier.‎ ‎6．What's the main purpose of Atkinson's class?‎ A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.‎ B．To get students more concerned about environmental issues.‎ C．To find solutions to the Olympic Mountains' environmental issue.‎ D．To teach students how to conduct a research about environment.‎ ‎7．Which of the following best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph Three?‎ A．Simple. B．Difficult.‎ C．Common. D．Interesting.‎ ‎8．How did Atkinson's class influence Dillon?‎ A．Dillon worked as a parttime volunteer for restoration projects.‎ B．It made him realize a planetwide climate disaster would happen.‎ C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.‎ D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文讲述了一名大学老师让学生们研究环境损失情况，希望通过这些研究能让他们明白很多环境损失情况将来有可能发生，从而更多地加入环境保护队列中去。‎ ‎5．解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中提到的发现冰川消失和第二段可知，对于在气候变化前线工作和生活的人们来说，环境损失是一个日益严重的问题。由此可知，作者提到福恩·夏普的事例是为了引出气候变化带来环境损失问题这一主题。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎6．解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Atkinson said she hopes the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.”可知，阿特金森老师希望自己的课能帮助学生们为他们一生中可能遭受的环境损失做好准备。故可推知，阿特金森老师课程的目的是让学生们更多地关心环境问题。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎7．解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“this is such an intractable problem that they're going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，他们将用自己的余生来解决这个问题，足以见得这个问题是很棘手很困难的。A项意为“简单的”；B项意为“困难的”；C项意为“常见的”；D项意为“有趣的”。故选B项。such...that...译为“如此……以至于……”，such后面的内容是原因，that后面的内容是结果。因此，可以根据that后面的内容反推出前面的意思。本题应用此句型可快速解题。‎ - 8 -‎ 答案：B ‎8．解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“he quit his job and became a fulltime volunteer for an environmental group”和第六段的内容可知，狄龙是受到阿特金森老师课程的影响，即阿特金森老师的课程鼓励他更多地参加环境保护。故选C项。‎ 答案：C Ⅱ.七选五 From sports teams to movie characters, we love supporting the weak.While that's inspiring for a film or a story, it can be hard to remain positive when you're experiencing a struggle.It's said that what is most personal is most universal. 1 Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggle.‎ You can shine a light for others. 2 Sometimes, that's all someone needs to get through a difficult time.You can help even more with ideas and solutions that apply creatively to their own problems.‎ ‎ 3 It's uncomfortable to admit to others your failures, struggles or other moments of weakness.That's true for everyone, yet opening yourself up to moments of weakness is surprisingly satisfying.It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.‎ People will support you. 4 We all do.So why not share the ways you've faced great difficulty and bounced back? If no one knows your struggles, then they'll never know how to cheer for you or what you've overcome to reach where you are today.‎ Another great aspect of sharing your story is that it helps you remember the lessons you learned. 5 Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with clear ways to do things better to move forward.You can also share key experience alongside your story so others can learn, too.‎ A．It helps you find your voice.‎ B．You love a good comeback story.‎ C．It allows you to practise courage.‎ D．You can objectively analyze your own past.‎ E．That's why your story can bring much value.‎ F．Be open with the world about the good and the bad.‎ G．Sharing your story will help them realize they are not alone.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　分享你的奋斗故事于人于己都有好处。本文具体介绍了分享奋斗故事的几点重要原因。‎ ‎1．解析：根据空前的“what is most personal is most universal”‎ - 8 -‎ 可知，个人的情况也是最普遍的情况；再结合选项可知，E项(那就是你的故事能够带来很大价值的原因)和前一句构成因果关系，符合语境。故选E项。‎ 答案：E ‎2．解析：本段主要讲了分享自己的奋斗故事对他人的好处。分析选项可知，G项(分享你的故事可以帮助他们意识到自己并不孤单)与下一句语义连贯，且G项中的“Sharing”与上句中“shine a light for others”呼应。故选G项。‎ 答案：G ‎3．解析：设空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句。根据本段最后一句“It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.”可知，坦然面对失败需要勇气，但勇气需要练习。C项(这可以让你练习勇气)符合本段主旨。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎4．解析：根据空后的“We all do.”可以反推，前一句应为“你的做法”；再结合接下来的阐述可知，本段主要介绍了要分享你克服困难、重新振作的方法，这样人们就知道如何为你喝彩，或者了解你克服了什么样的困难才取得了今天的成就。结合选项可知，B项符合语境，故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎5．解析：本段第一句指出分享你的故事的另外一个好处是帮助你记住你学到的经验教训。设空处后一句又讲到理解发生了什么和你是如何应对这些状况的可以让你更好地处理事物并继续向前。故D项(你可以客观地分析你的过去)承上启下，符合语境，故选D项。‎ 答案：D Ⅲ.语法填空 A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it 1. (create) originally.That's certainly the case 2. “china”．And of all types of china, white porcelain(瓷)is among the most famous.‎ Nowadays, the 3. (tradition) material has taken on a modern look in the 4. (hand) of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition.And the key word here is “modern”．One of the works 5. (be) a porcelain boat.But look 6. (attentive) and you'll see that the boat 7. (build) with porcelain looks like a takeout box.Inside the boat is a statue of a baby.The baby stands for humans and the boat is 8. supports life.It suggests we may have done some damage to 9. environment and that we're treating life like fast food.‎ All the four artists gave white porcelain a modern style, each in 10. (they) own way.And this is what the exhibition's theme comes from.It's a dialogue between the past and the present.‎ - 8 -‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了中国四位现代艺术家赋予了白瓷这种传统材料以现代风格，并举办了现代白瓷展。‎ ‎1．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：当一种材料以它的原产地命名时，说明它是非常特别的。分析句子结构可知，设空处在where引导的定语从句中作谓语，it在从句中作主语，指代A material；根据空前的was named可知，此处叙述发生在过去的动作，故应用一般过去时；create与其主语it之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was created。‎ 答案：was created ‎2．解析：考查介词。句意为：瓷器就是这样。the case with为固定搭配，意为“……就是这种情况”。故填with。‎ 答案：with ‎3．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：如今，在现代白瓷展上，这种传统材料在四位中国艺术家的手中看起来很现代。设空处修饰名词material，应用形容词，故填traditional。‎ 答案：traditional ‎4．解析：考查名词的数。句意见上一题解析。hand意为“手”，为可数名词，根据空后的“of four Chinese artists”可知，此处指在四位艺术家的手中，应用复数形式。故填hands。‎ 答案：hands ‎5．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：其中一件作品是一艘白瓷船。“one of the＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语用单数，且此处叙述一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。‎ 答案：is ‎6．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：但若仔细看，你会发现这艘瓷制的船看起来像一个外卖箱子。设空处在句中修饰动词look，应用副词，故填attentively。‎ 答案：attentively ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，looks like为句子谓语，设空处在句中作boat的后置定语，修饰限定boat，且与boat之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词，填built。‎ 答案：built ‎8．解析：考查名词性从句。句意为：这个孩子代表人类，而船则是生命的支撑。分析句子成分可知，设空处在系动词is后引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用what引导该从句，故填what。‎ 答案：what ‎9．解析：考查冠词。句意为：这暗示了我们可能已经对环境造成了一些破坏，并且我们现在把生活视作快餐一样。此处特指“自然环境”，environment前应用定冠词the，故填 - 8 -‎ the。‎ 答案：the ‎10．解析：考查代词。句意为：这四位艺术家均以他们自己的方式赋予了白瓷一种现代风格。设空处修饰名词短语own way，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。‎ 答案：their - 8 -‎