2018年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题十七选择型阅读专项训练含解析

2018年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题十七选择型阅读专项训练含解析

专题十七 选择型阅读 知识清单 一、 考点分析 ‎1. 细节理解题 这种题目比较简单,只要阅读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多,例如:‎ ‎(1)Which of the following statements is true?‎ ‎(2)Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎(3)How many/How much/Where/How/What...?‎ 要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节,就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是考生在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的,它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案。‎ ‎2. 猜测词意题 在阅读中,我们经常会遇到一些生词,需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文,根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有:直接对生词进行解释;对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义做出准确判断;对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释;对文中一些代词的指代对象做出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下:‎ ‎(1)The underlined word (phrase) in the passage means 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(2)The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(4)What does the underlined word“...”refer to 　　　　.  ‎ 在做此类题时,考生应紧扣原文,根据上下文语境进行判断,切不要望文生义或断章取义,也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。‎ ‎3. 推理判断题 推理判断题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上,严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有:‎ ‎(1)From the text, it can be inferred that 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(2)The passage suggests that 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(3)Which of the following best describes 　　　　.  ‎ 17‎ ‎(4)The writer's attitude towards...is 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(5)From the text, we learn that 　　　　.  ‎ 这种题目有一定难度,解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。‎ ‎4. 主旨归纳题 这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上,对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,如涉及文章的标题 (title)、主题 (main idea)、结论 (conclusion)、结局 (end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断,从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有:‎ ‎(1)The general idea of the passage is about 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(2)The main idea of the article is 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(3)The main purpose of this selection is 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(4)The passage suggests that 　　　　.  ‎ ‎(5)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?‎ 二、解题步骤 做阅读理解时,可遵循三部曲的原则,即:快速阅读短文;认真逐题作答;复查校对答案。‎ 第一步,快速阅读短文。‎ 先读题,明确题目要求,弄清考点,然后带着问题去读文章,这种方法在英语中称为scanning,就是寻读。快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意,对全文有一个整体了解,掌握中心意思,注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节,抓住关键词,弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图。如遇到生词,应先跳过,继续通读全文,切忌长时间死扣生词,因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解,还有一些词可以通过上下文推测含义。‎ 第二步,认真逐题作答。‎ 看完短文后,对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解,然后马上看后面的问题,带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题,就可直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题,则应迅速再读全文,仔细分析思考,将近似的答案对照原文反复比较,推敲,选出最佳答案。‎ 第三步,仔细校对所选答案。‎ 做完所有题目后,再读一遍短文,逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有拿不定主意的答案,不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据。‎ 提分策略 17‎ ‎1. 如果文长题少,则以略读的方式先读一遍,而后带着问题去查阅,求得要找的答案。‎ ‎2. 如果文短题多,则应先仔细阅读该短文,再去做题。遇到某个题答不来时,可带着该问题去查阅有关细节。‎ ‎3. 如果问的是一段文章的中心思想,则应重点读段首句和段尾句,看是否有主题句。有时主题句可能位于段中,也有的段落无明显的主题句,那就要自己分析、归纳中心思想。‎ ‎4. 如果问题要求解答数字、人名、地名、时间等,则可直接用查阅的方法来寻求答案,也可先略读而后查阅。‎ ‎5. 如果文章中提到的事实多、涉及面广,可采取抓关键词的办法,记住文章中所谈及的各个方面,从而判断选取答问题。‎ ‎6. 有时遇到看不懂的难句,读了几遍仍然不懂,可做记号,暂时放下,留待以后有时间再来考虑。 ‎ 总而言之,掌握一定的阅读技巧和方法固然重要,但要想在阅读理解这一重要知识板块取得高分,还必须经过坚持不懈的努力。阅读理解需要扎实的语言基础以及熟练的语言能力,而扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练,熟练的语言能力来自长期的知识积累以及运用。只要平时刻苦努力,打下扎实的英语基础知识,再加上科学的解题方法,阅读理解不失分就不再是一个遥不可及的梦想了。 ‎ ‎【例1】(2014·山东枣庄)‎ Zhalong is a nature reserve in Heilongjiang in northeast China. It is one of the world's most important wetlands. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. It is an ideal home for different kinds of plants, fish and birds. ‎ Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round, while some only stay for a short time. There are many fish in the wetlands, and the birds can easily catch them for food. Zhalong Nature Reserve is an important living area for the rare red-crowned cranes. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world. Some of them live in Zhalong. ‎ Some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means that there will be less and less space for wildlife. ‎ More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough living space. Many of them died. The Chinese government wants to protect these endangered birds, and they can be safe in Zhalong. ‎ 17‎ Every year a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch birds. This year members of our Bird Watching Club are going to study the different kinds of birds in Zhalong and the changes in their numbers. The study begins next month. ‎ We do a bird count once a year. We are now inviting secondary school students to help. We need more people to help us count and do something to help the birds. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. We hope this information will help them understand and make them actively take action to protect wildlife. ‎ ‎1. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Less and Less Space for Wildlife B. Many Tourists Watch birds in Zhalong Yearly C. Zhalong is a Famous Scenic Spot D. Zhalong: A Special Place ‎2. The shelter in the first paragraph means 　　　　. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A. a place to live or stay B. a large zoo C. a place to hunt animals D. a large park ‎3. Which of the following sentences is false?‎ A. There are a lot of red-crowned cranes in other parts of the world.‎ B. Some birds go to Zhalong for a short stay.‎ C. Zhalong nature reserve is the comfortable home of many birds.‎ D. Birds can find food without difficulty in Zhalong. ‎ ‎4. Why are more and more birds endangered? Because 　　　　. ‎ A. many tourists watch them B. many of the birds died C. people have less and less place D. their living place is less and less ‎5. This passage is written to 　　　　. ‎ A. ask people to do something for birds B. help people learn about protecting wildlife C. make people understand how important the wetlands are 17‎ D. ask students all over the world to watch birds ‎【主旨大意】文章通过对黑龙江扎龙自然保护区的介绍,帮助我们更好地了解保护野生动物的一些知识。‎ ‎1. D　解析:标题选择题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了黑龙江扎龙自然保护区的情况,它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。因此,最佳标题为Zhalong: A Special Place。故选D。‎ ‎2. A　解析:细节理解题。由第一段中的“The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. It is an ideal home for different kinds of plants, fish and birds.”可以判断,shelter的意思是“庇护所”,相当于a place to live or stay。‎ ‎3. A　解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的“There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world. Some of them live in Zhalong.”可知,世界上其他地区的丹顶鹤不多,因此,A项的表述是错误的。‎ ‎4. D　解析:细节理解题。 由第四段中的“More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough living space.”可知,越来越多的鸟濒临灭绝是因为它们的居住环境越来越少了。‎ ‎5. B 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要帮助我们了解保护野生动物的一些知识,故选B。‎ ‎【例2】(2013·贵州铜仁)‎ In the year 2050, there will be different kinds of materials for clothes. Special materials will keep the clothes clean for ever. They will never get dirty or wear out. We will have less work because we won't have to wash them. So we can save water and money. And children won't worry about what to wear to school every day. They won't go to school. They'll stay at home in front of their computers to study. They can wear their favorite “Saturday clothes” every day. It will be fun. Do you think so? What do you think school clothes and school life will be like in 2050?‎ ‎1. Maybe we 　　　　wash clothes in the year 2050. ‎ A. didn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't be allowed to ‎2. Why won't the children go to school?‎ A. because they'll play at home.‎ B. because they hate to go to school.‎ 17‎ C. because they'll study on the Internet.‎ D. because they'll wash clothes to make money. ‎ ‎3. Will the clothes get dirty in the year 2050?‎ A. No, it won't. B. Yes, they will.‎ C. Yes, it will. D. No, they won't. ‎ ‎4. In the year 2050, the clothes will not 　　　　for ever. ‎ A. wear out or get dirty B. wear well C. be thinner and thinner D. be fantastic ‎5. From the passage, which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. There will be different kinds of materials for clothes.‎ B. The children can wear their favorite clothes.‎ C. The children always worry about what to wear.‎ D. The children can study at home in front of their computers. ‎ ‎【主旨大意】 这是一篇关于未来预测的文章。主要讲述以下几个方面:在2050年,服装将用特殊材料制作,永远不会变脏或穿破;孩子们不用上学,他们将在家在电脑上学习;他们每天可以穿最喜爱的“星期六服装”。‎ ‎1. B　解析:细节理解题。由短文第三句和第四句话“They will never get dirty or wear out. We will have less work because we won't have to wash them”可知,在2050年,我们不必洗衣服,所以选择答案B。‎ ‎2. C　解析:细节理解题。根据短文“They'll stay at home in front of their computers to study.”,可知选择答案C。‎ ‎3. D　解析:细节理解题。根据“They will never get dirty or wear out.”,可知选择答案D。‎ ‎4. A　解析:细节理解题。根据“They will never get dirty or wear out.”,所以选择答案A。‎ ‎5. C　解析:细节理解题。根据“And children won't worry about what to wear to school every day,”可知孩子们不用担心穿什么上学,所以表达不正确的是C项,所以选择答案C。‎ 专项训练 17‎ Passage 1(2014·江苏常州·A 43~45)‎ Imagine a classroom missing the one thing that has long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing? No paper, no books, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens which always seem to run out of ink at the important moment. ‎ A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students don't do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use hand-sized or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads information from Internet libraries and sends them to every student's personal computer. ‎ Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they're studying from math to social science. High school teacher Judy Herrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about what's going on in the world. ‎ ‎“We could touch every side of the country through different sites from the forest to refugee(难民) camps.” she said, “Using a book that's three or four years old is impossible.” And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own grade book on the Internet. ‎ A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student. ‎ ‎“Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers,” she said. But, with all this technology, there's always the risk that the machines will break down. So, paper books are still widely available for these hi-tech students.‎ ‎1. In a paperless classroom, what is a must?‎ A. Pens. B. Computers.‎ C. Information. D. books.‎ ‎2. The high school teacher, Judy Herrell, used the example of her class to show that 　　　　. ‎ A. the Web could take them everywhere 17‎ B. the Web taught them a lot C. the Web can help students have online exams D. the Web can help students get the latest news ‎ ‎3. Which of the following is not the writer's opinion?‎ A. The paperless classroom will be good for trees.‎ B. There are some differences between the paperless studies and those in the usually way.‎ C. Paper books are no longer useful.‎ D. Paper-free studies are popular with more and more schools.‎ Passage 2(2014·北京门头沟一模·53~55)‎ Chinese are very generous(慷慨的) when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States and Australia. They also want their children to take extra-course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. However, what most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap. ‎ Parents can see that their children are very skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that today's children are short of self-respect and self-confidence. ‎ The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident, happy and clever. ‎ Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework. Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking requires patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and finish his job successfully step by step. His result, ‎ 17‎ a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self-confidence. ‎ Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse(激发) his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important. ‎ ‎1. Most Chinese parents don't realize 　　　　. ‎ A. how much the best education is worth B. when children should be educated C. what children really need in later life D. why school tests don't satisfy children ‎2. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A. Fixing old machines is very important.‎ B. Interest is necessary for everything.‎ C. Broken things are useful for children.‎ D. Using hands helps improve thinking ability. ‎ ‎3. The writer's attitude(看法) to children's education is that 　　　　. ‎ A. the cheaper an education is, the better it is B. children today should learn different skills C. practical skills are useful to children's growth D. school education can't meet parents' expectation Passage 3 (2013·北京一模)‎ Now, more and more mothers wear the same clothes as their daughters, so people often mistake them for each other. According to a new study, mothers today look to their daughters for fashion and beauty ideas. The study questioned 343 mothers and daughters, with an average (平均的) age of 44 for mums and 16 for the daughters. ‎ Maybe,I should throw out my grammar books and start from scratch. A report from Temple University, Philadelphia (费城) also say that many children act older than their years. But they don't listen to the opinion (意见) from their parents in wearing. ‎ Some mothers buy the same clothe as their daughters do. They like the same colour ‎ 17‎ and style as their daughters. They do so because they want to keep as young as their daughters. And now many more mothers compare beauty with their daughters. So a strange thing happens: the woman may look like a teenager from behind, but she is already middle-aged from the front. ‎ The report shows that if a mum is young at heart and fashion, she is more likely to act as her daughter as a style expert and copy her. So what are the mothers going to wear in the future? This may depend on their daughters. ‎ ‎1. Why do people mistake mothers and their daughters?‎ A. Because they have the same hobbies.‎ B. Because they often wear the same clothes.‎ C. Because they often walk together.‎ D. Because they often have the same hair style. ‎ ‎2. How many people were there being questioned in the study?‎ A. 44. B. 16. C. 343. D. 60. ‎ ‎3. What do many children like to wear in their daily life?‎ A. Clothes that make them look older.‎ B. Clothes that look fashionable.‎ C. Clothes that are expensive.‎ D. Clothes that are beautiful. ‎ ‎4. What do mothers like to compare with their daughters?‎ A. Clothes. B. Lifestyle.‎ C. Jobs. D. Beauty. ‎ ‎5. What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A. Daughters should wear as their mothers do.‎ B. Mothers should learn from their daughters in the lifestyle.‎ C. Daughters' fashion may influence their mothers'.‎ D. Ideas of wearing different clothes.‎ Passage 4 (2013·河北)‎ Most people know that bad lifestyle habits like smoking and drinking can lead to quick aging (变老). But what could be causing quick aging in your life? ‎ 17‎ Poor Diet What you eat probably affects (影响) your health more than anything else you do. When you eat a poor diet,you invite quick aging. On the other hand,when you eat the life-giving foods,you can prevent disease. In general,your diet should include legumes (豆类), nuts, fruits, and vegetables. The studies show that the fruits and vegetables are important for keeping healthy, preventing cancer, and protecting against environmental toxins (毒素). ‎ Unhappiness Unhappiness does not only make you depressed, but it also affects your health. In fact, depressed,unhappy people are twice as likely to develop heart disease. Joyful people have longer and healthier lives. ‎ Lack of Exercise Exercise is important to our health. Walking,hiking,jogging,bicycling,and stair climbing are all good for you. ‎ Stress Stress is also harmful to our health. To stay stress free, remember to breathe (呼吸) deeply every day. And give yourself a break! ‎ Lack of Sleep There's no way around it: the adults need seven to eight hours of quality sleep every night to stay healthy. Without enough time to sleep each night,you will run your body down and become unhealthy. ‎ ‎1. In fact, 　　　　people are more likely to develop heart disease. ‎ A. depressed B. happy C. joyful D. clever ‎ ‎2. 　　　　are important for keeping healthy. ‎ A. Legumes and nuts B. Fruits and vegetables C. Legumes and vegetables D. Nuts and fruits ‎ ‎3. How many hours do the adults need to sleep every night?‎ A. About eight. B. Ten.‎ C. Eleven. D. Twelve. ‎ 17‎ ‎4. Which can cause quick aging according to the passage?‎ A. Poor diet. B. Happiness.‎ C. More exercise. D. More sleep. ‎ ‎5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Eating too much is good for your health.‎ B. Breathing deeply every day can help you have less stress.‎ C. If you sleep eight hours each night,you'll become unhealthy.‎ D. Hiking and jogging aren't helpful.‎ Passage 5 (2013·江苏南京)‎ In my life I have traveled to many beautiful places. Most of them in my mind are blurriness, but one place I have never forgotten. It is my hometown's Green Water Lake. ‎ Actually,Green Water Lake is Green Water River; this river crosses two provinces. Some company made a dam on the river, so the dam top's river seems like a lake. The water is very clean and smooth, and there are hundreds of islands in the lake. There are some islands that have thousands of birds; there are some islands with a lot of bamboo, pines, and with many kinds of plants I don't know the names. The flowers are white, red, pink and purple everywhere. There are beautiful smells and beautiful sights. ‎ I lived in my hometown from the time I was ten years old to the time I was eighteen years old. In those eight years, every summer I swam in the Green Water Lake. I liked to swim in the lake. I liked to dive in the water and watch the fish. I liked swimming in the rain and floating on the water while listening to the rain. It was like beautiful music. Sometimes I swam to an island to pick up wildflowers. ‎ Right now every year there are thousands of tourists who travel to Green Water Lake. I am very happy that people like the lake, but I worry that people will pollute the lake because Green Water Lake in my heart is very important. I hope Green Water Lake will be beautiful forever and ever!‎ ‎1. The underlined word “blurriness” means 　　　　. ‎ A. impress B. clearly 17‎ C. important D. forgettable ‎2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according the passage?‎ A. The writer has lived in the Green Water Lake for ten years.‎ B. In fact the Green Water Lake isn't a lake.‎ C. The writer enjoyed listening to the sound of the rain.‎ D. There are many colorful flowers on the islands. ‎ ‎3. What sight of Green Water Lake isn't mentioned in the passage?‎ A. There are many kinds of unknown plants.‎ B. There are a lot of beautiful islands.‎ C. You can see many pandas eating the bamboo.‎ D. Its beautiful sights attract many visitors. ‎ ‎4. What's the third paragraph's main idea?‎ A. The writer enjoyed his childhood.‎ B. The lake brought the writer a wonderful time.‎ C. The lake is a beautiful place.‎ D. The lake's weather is humid in summer. ‎ ‎5. What does the writer worry about the Green Water Lake?‎ A. The birds will reduce.‎ B. More companies will come here.‎ C. He won't visit it freely.‎ D. The visitors will pollute it.‎ Passage 6 (2013·浙江杭州)‎ Are you in a bad mood? Don't worry! According to a new Australian study, a bad mood can actually be good for you. The study showed that being sad could help people to judge others more correctly and was also good for the memory. ‎ The study was carried out by Professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales. “People in a bad mood paid more attention to the people and things around them than happy people. Happy people were more likely to believe anything they were told,” said Forgas. ‎ For the study, Forgas and his team did a lot of experiments. During the ‎ 17‎ experiments, they made the participants feel happy or sad by watching films and thinking about good or bad things of the past. ‎ In one of the experiments, happy and sad participants were asked to judge whether some wrong things were true or not. The results showed that people in a bad mood were less likely to believe that these things were true. ‎ People in a bad mood were also less likely to make mistakes when they were asked to remember the things that they saw. ‎ The study also showed that sad people were better at talking about their thoughts in written style. In fact, the study said that a light bad mood could help to make communication more successful. ‎ ‎1. Can a bad mood actually be good for us according to a new Australian study?‎ A. Yes, it can. B. No, it can't.‎ C. Yes, it can't. D. No, it can. ‎ ‎2. 　　　　probably believed anything they were told. ‎ A. Sad people B. Happy people C. People in a bad mood D. Sick people ‎3. What does the underline word “participants” mean?‎ A. 队员 B. 参与者 C. 失落的人 D. 快乐的人 ‎4. 　　　　could help you remember things more correctly. ‎ A. A good mood B. A bad mood C. A good and bad mood D. A good mood or a bad mood ‎5. Which of the following is right according to the passage?‎ A. A good mood is good for the memory.‎ B. Happy people paid more attention to the people and things around them than sad people. ‎ C. Sad people were better at talking about their thoughts in written style than happy people. ‎ D. A light good mood could help to make communication more successful. ‎ 17‎ 参考答案与解析 Passage 1‎ ‎【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍无纸课堂,学生通过网页获得知识和最新消息。‎ ‎1. B　解析:细节理解题。由第二段第三句 “specially-designed computers.” 可知道答案。故选B。‎ ‎2. D　解析:推理判断题。由第三段最后一句 “described how her class used the Web to learn about what's going on in the world.” 判断,Judy Herrell向同学们表示网页能帮助学生得到最新消息。故选D。 ‎ ‎3. C　解析:推理判断题。由短文内容判断,作者没有提到课本不再使用。故选C。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【主旨大意】本文主要通过中国家长对孩子的教育情况,说明他们没有认识到孩子以后的生活中需要什么,认为实践能力对孩子们的成长是有用的。‎ ‎1. C　解析:推理判断题。由短文内容和第一段判断,大多数中国家长没有认识到自己的孩子在以后的生活中真正需要什么。故选C。‎ ‎2. D　解析:大意概括题。最后一段主要讲使用双手提高想象力。故选D。‎ ‎3. C　解析:细节理解题。作者对孩子教育的态度是:实践能力对孩子们的成长是有用的。故选C。‎ Passage 3‎ ‎【主旨大意】如今,很多母亲愿意和自己的女儿穿一样的衣服,她们喜欢同样的颜色和款式,这是母亲渴望重返年轻的表现。‎ ‎1. B　解析:细节理解题。第一段第一句告诉我们母亲和女儿穿同样的衣服使得人们不容易辨认她们。 ‎ ‎2. C　解析:细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知有343名女性在这次研究中被访问。 ‎ ‎3. A　解析:推理判断题。由第二段第一句可推出如今的孩子们总是喜欢打扮得比较成熟,也就是说她们爱穿能使她们看上去比实际年龄大的服装。 ‎ ‎4. D　解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知如今很多母亲喜欢和女儿比美丽。 ‎ ‎5. C　解析:‎ 17‎ 主旨大意题。根据文意可知母亲的时尚是受女儿影响的。短文最后两句即是全文的总结。‎ Passage 4‎ ‎【主旨大意】不好的生活方式和习惯容易使人变老,本文介绍了五种容易使人变老的生活方式:不健康饮食、不愉快、缺乏锻炼、压力、睡眠不足。‎ ‎1. A 　解析:细节理解题。由第三段第二句“In fact, depressed,unhappy people are twice as likely to develop heart disease.” 可知答案选A。‎ ‎2. B　解析:细节理解题。由第二段第五句“the fruits and vegetables are important for keeping healthy”可知答案选B。‎ ‎3. A　解析:细节理解题。最后一段提到,成年人每晚需要7~8小时的睡眠。故选项A“大约8小时”为正确答案。 ‎ ‎4. A 　解析:细节理解题。根据导致人变老的五个因素可知,只有选项 A符合。‎ ‎5. B　解析:推理判断题。倒数第二段指出,每天做深呼吸可以帮助减轻压力。故选项B正确。‎ Passage 5 ‎ ‎【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者家乡的绿水湖。湖内众多岛屿纵横交错,绿树成荫,百鸟栖息,花团锦簇,景色美不胜收,是作者童年的乐园。‎ ‎1. D　解析:词意猜测题。本句话的意思是“去过的很多地方已经淡忘了,只有一个地方让我记忆犹新”,可推测blurriness的意思是“模糊不清,容易忘记”,故答案选D。‎ ‎2. A　解析:推理判断题。由第三段“In those eight years...”可知作者在那生活了八年。故选项A的说法不正确。‎ ‎3. C　解析:细节理解题。作者在第二段提及岛上有竹子,但未提及有熊猫,故选项C熊猫吃竹子,这道风景看不到。‎ ‎4. B　解析:段落大意题。第三段描述了绿水湖美丽的风光给作者带来了无穷的乐趣,故答案选B。‎ ‎5. D 　解析:细节理解题。由“worry that people will pollute the lake”可知作者担心游客会给绿水湖带来污染。‎ Passage 6‎ ‎【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了我们不要担忧偶尔的情绪低落。一项新的研究显示,负面情绪不仅能够提高人们的判断力,而且能增强人们的记忆力。‎ ‎1. A　解析:细节判读题。根据文章第一段中“According to a new Australian study, a bad mood can actually be good for you.”可以判断坏心情是对我们有利的。故选A。‎ 17‎ ‎2. B　解析:细节推理题。根据第二段中最后一句话“Happy people were more likely to believe anything they were told.”可以推理出快乐的人很可能相信他们得知的一切。故选B。‎ ‎3. B　解析:词意推测题。根据文章第三段,Forgas和他的小组成员做了很多的实验,在实验中他们通过让参与者看电影以及回忆过去的好的或坏的事情来让他们感到快乐或悲伤。因此,文中“participants” 译为“参与者”更适合该句子的意义。‎ ‎4. B 　解析:句子推理题。理解句子“People in a bad mood were also less likely to make mistakes when they were asked to remember the things that they saw.”我们可以推理出当坏心情的人被要求记住所看到的事情时很少犯错误。所以,坏心情能够帮助你更准确的记住一些事情。故选B。‎ ‎5. C　解析:全文理解题。A错在不是好心情,应该是坏心情有益于我们的记忆力;B错在不是高兴的人比伤心的人,而是伤心的人比高兴的人更注意周围的人和事物;C是正确的,根据“The study also showed that sad people were better at talking about their thoughts in written style.”可以判断;D错在不是好心情而是坏心情能够使交流更成功。故选C。‎ 17‎