2020届二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断--文章出处或读者对象题考查解读

2020届二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断--文章出处或读者对象题考查解读

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解中推理判断--文章出处或读者对象题考查解读 ‎【题型解读】‎ 几乎所有话题都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。设问形式常有：‎ ‎(1)This passage would probably/most likely be found in .‎ ‎(2)The passage is probably taken from/out of .‎ ‎(3)Where does the text probably come from?‎ ‎(4)The passage is probably intended for .‎ ‎(5)What type of writing is this passage?‎ 解题技巧——内容细节巧判断 ‎1．看内容判出处 ‎(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper ‎(2)推销介绍新产品→advertisement ‎(3)文章中有click here等网络用语→website ‎(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍→travel guide ‎(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/journal/entertainment section ‎(6)科普知识→science report ‎(7)文化教育性的文章→education section ‎2．利用内容判断文章类别 ‎(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide ‎(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement ‎(3)活动介绍：notice/announcement ‎(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news ‎(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science report/study report ‎3．确定读者对象 先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。‎ 例如：【真题感悟】中第27题，从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月带来的各种水果，说这些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。因此可知本文可能摘选自健康类的杂志。故选B项。‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ A I look around and can’t recognize where I am. It seems familiar but distant. I see my friends gather by a stage where music is playing and I run over. As I begin running towards them，they become further and further away. I keep calling them，but no one hears me. I start hearing a distant alarm-like sound and I am transported away. I woke up in a daze sitting in my ‎ bed.‎ ‎ “Oh，it was only a dream，” I said to myself. I have always had vivid and intense dreams. It feels like I haven’t even slept because I have been living out my dreams during my sleep.‎ Today，dreaming is being studied even more than ever. Some say that dreams are how your receptors make sense of 1random thoughts while you sleep. Some say that you can’t dream of a face you have never seen before，so everyone you see in your dreams you have at least laid eyes on at one time or another.‎ Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing. A lot of people say that they have dreams about being 2chased.‎ A common interpretation of the “being chased” dream is that you are feeling threatened. Some dream 3interpretation websites say you should try to 8reflect on what or who is chasing you to get a better idea of what is making you feel this way.‎ Another dream that is often experienced is flying. This dream has a much more positive interpretation，which is that you are feeling free or have broken out of a bad situation such as a relationship turned sour or a job you hate.‎ Unfortunately，you may forget half of your dream within five ‎ minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it.‎ Dreamologists，people who devote time to the study and interpretation of dreams，suggest if you want to try to remember and study your dreams you should keep a journal beside your bed and write down what you dreamt as soon as you wake up so you can reflect on it later.‎ 语篇解读　文章从作者描述自己的梦入手，介绍了对梦的思考与解读。‎ ‎1．What does the author think of his dreams?‎ A．They have influenced his sleep.‎ B．They reproduce his real life scene.‎ C．They are just his random thoughts.‎ D．They are unbelievable and 4ridiculous.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容“I have always had vivid and intense dreams. It feels like I haven’t even slept because I have been living out my dreams during my sleep.”可知，梦已经影响了作者的睡眠。故选A。‎ ‎2．In which situation do dreams of “being chased” probably occur?‎ A．You are feeling free.‎ B．You just quit a job you hate.‎ C．You lack the sense of security.‎ D．Your friends keep you at a distance.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A common interpretation of the ‘being chased’ dream is that you are feeling threatened.”可知，当你缺乏安全感时可能会出现“被追赶”的梦。故选C。‎ ‎3．Why should we keep a journal beside our bed?‎ A．To reflect on our dreams.‎ B．To avoid forgetting our dreams.‎ C．To help us sleep well without dreams.‎ D．To help us get out of the tense dreams.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在床头放日记是为了避免忘记梦。故选B。‎ ‎4．Where is the passage probably taken from?‎ A．A news report. B．A 5fiction book.‎ C．An ad website. D．A science newspaper.‎ 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章属于科普知识类，作者从描述自己的梦入手，介绍了对梦的思考与解读。故文章可能来自于科学报纸。故选D。 ‎ B ‎ “If your dreams don’t scare you，they aren’t big enough.”—Lowell Lundstrum Two years ago，I was a freshman at UC Berkeley. I was only 16 and couldn’t believe I was in college. I told myself that I wanted to travel the world one day，but then it was only a “dream”．Two years later，that dream is coming true. I am 18 years old，going into my third year at Berkeley，and in six days I will be making my first international trip to the UK. Crazy！I can’t believe how fast the time has flown. My “young” age has always been a big factor in doing a lot of things but I have managed to overcome the age 6barrier and I won’t let it stop me from accomplishing my goals in life. You can never be too young to live your life to its fullest.‎ I’m leaving on July 20th，and will return in January. Most of my time will be spent studying at my exchange university in Manchester，but I plan on visiting all of London，a lot of cities within the UK such as Wales，Oxford，Kent，Cambridge along with as many countries as possible in Europe. Currently on my list is Norway，Sweden，France，Italy and Spain. The list will get longer once I get there，I’m sure! Till then，I’m packing，packing，packing and also saying my goodbyes (one of ‎ the hardest things to do)．This last week is going to be a very 7emotional week for me but I will use the love of my family and friends to carry me through. I feel like it hasn’t fully sunk in that I won’t be seeing the people I love every day，or that I will be starting over in a strange land. But somewhere deep inside me，I know that everything is going to be okay. I hope to be sharing my experiences along the way through this journal and hope to keep in touch as much as I can. Ahhhh! Can’t believe it’s almost here!‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者即将作为交换生离开伯克利大学到英国学习，作者描述了自己现在的复杂感受。‎ ‎5．The author will go to UK as a(n) ．‎ A．tourist B．worker C．exchange student D．freshman 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most of my time will be spent studying at my exchange university in Manchester”可知，作者将作为交换学生前往英国。故选C。‎ ‎6．What’s the influence of the “young” age on the author in doing a lot of things?‎ A．It has always been a barrier.‎ B．It has made no difference to the author.‎ C．It has kept him from accomplishing his goals in life.‎ D．It has been a big factor helping him doing things better.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，“年轻”的年龄对作者来说一直是一个障碍。故选A。‎ ‎7．Which of the following best describe the author’s feelings before leaving for Berkeley?‎ A．Worried and discouraged.‎ B．Excited and concerned.‎ C．Happy and thrilled.‎ D．Anxious and sad.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“I plan on visiting...”和“I feel like it hasn’t fully sunk in that I won’t be seeing the people I love every day，or that I will be starting over in a strange land.”可知，在离开伯克利之前，作者的感受是兴奋和担忧的。故选B。‎ ‎8．The passage is probably taken from .‎ A．a speech B．a conversation C．a journal D．a novel 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者即将到国外去读书前的复杂的感受，由此可以推测出，文章可能来源于日志。故选C。‎ ‎【提炼拓展】‎ Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破 ‎(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 ‎1．The survey used a random sample of two thousand people，who were not chosen as planned，across the Midwest.随机的 ‎2．The dogs saw him running and chased him. 追赶 ‎3．However，this interpretation of the relationship between efficiency and equality is not exact.‎ 解释 ‎4．It is ridiculous that the old lady believed the two cheats.荒谬的；可笑的 ‎5．Immigrant tales have always been popular themes in fiction.小说 ‎6．Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work.障碍 ‎7．Ann suffered from depression and a number of other emotional problems.情感的 ‎(二)同义词语替换 ‎8．You have to reflect on how to answer his questions before you get to his house. think about Ⅱ.长难句理解 ‎1．It feels like I haven’t even slept because I have been living out my dreams during my sleep.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句话是一个复合句，句子的主干部分是简单句的主谓宾结构；宾语是从句，省略了that；because I have been living out my dreams during my sleep是原因状语从句。‎ ‎[精美译文]　我感觉自己好像没有睡觉，因为在睡觉期间我一直活跃在梦中。‎ ‎2．My “young” age has always been a big factor in doing a lot of things but I have managed to overcome the age barrier and I won’t let it stop me from accomplishing my goals in life.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句话是一个并列句，but前的句子是简单句的主系表结构；but后的句子又是一个并列句，由and连接，第二个句子中含有短语stop sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。‎ ‎[精美译文]　我“年轻”的年龄一直是一个(影响)做很多事情的大因素，但是我成功地克服了年龄的障碍并且不再让它阻碍我实现我生活中的目标。‎ 强化练习 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎ Amsterdam is a special city. There are many places you should not miss during your visit. Here is our list of the best.‎ Amsterdam Canal Ring The city old centre is formed from canal rings，which give you the feeling of space，freedom and peace. Walk through these canal streets or better—take a trip by renting a boat yourself. Another way to explore the Venice of the North is to take a ride on a bicycle. Any way you decide for—enjoy this city.‎ The National Maritime Museum The Maritime Museum is an attractive place to visit，especially with children. With many attractions in it，this colourful and enjoyable museum will help you understand the history of the Netherlands—a small nation which was one of the world’s greatest sea powers.‎ Amsterdam Brown Café When you enter Amsterdam old café—Brown，at first it will seem too much from the past and too crowded，but the atmosphere is unique. Relax and watch—most of people around will be locals. Feel like one of them—the real Amsterdammers.‎ Civic Guards Gallery This gallery is filled with old paintings from the Dutch Golden ‎ Age. The exhibited canvas may be not always the masterpieces of art，but these group portraits of Amsterdam citizens and their wives are an exquisite(精致的) document of the Dutch civilization and culture centuries ago.‎ To avoid waiting lines we advise you to buy your tickets in advance online through our Amsterdam attractions and museums tickets webpage.‎ 语篇解读　本文为应用文，文章向我们介绍了阿姆斯特丹的几个景点。‎ ‎1．How many ways are there for tourists to visit the city old centre?‎ A．5. B．4. C．3. D．2.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Amsterdam Canal Ring中“Walk through these canal streets or better—take a trip by renting a boat yourself. Another way to explore the Venice of the North is to take a ride on a bicycle.”可知，本文为游客介绍了三种参观城市旧中心的方式。故选C。‎ ‎2．Where would you go to learn more about local life?‎ A．Amsterdam Brown Café.‎ B．Amsterdam Canal Ring.‎ C．Civic Guards Gallery.‎ D．The National Maritime Museum.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据Amsterdam Brown Café中“Relax and watch—most of people around will be locals. Feel like one of them—the real Amsterdammers.”可知，游客去Amsterdam Brown Café可以了解更多关于当地的生活。故选A。‎ ‎3．Where does the passage probably come from?‎ A．A fiction. B．A textbook.‎ C．A travel guide. D．A science magazine.‎ 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段“Amsterdam is a special city.There are many places you should not miss during your visit.Here is our list of the best.”可知，本文很可能来自一本旅游指南。故选C。‎ B Caroline Solomon was on her high school’s swim team. But at times she could not go into the creek(溪流) near her home. It was simply too polluted.“I decided I wanted to do something about it，” she recalls. So she studied environmental science and public policy at Harvard University in Cambridge，Mass. Later，she went to graduate school. Some of her classes could be challenging，though，since she couldn’t hear her teachers.“I’ve been deaf since I was 15 months old，”‎ ‎ Solomon notes.‎ Today she teaches biology at Gallaudet University in Washington，DC.She has no trouble communicating with her students. They，too，are primarily deaf or hard of hearing. That’s why all classes at Gallaudet are taught in American Sign Language. Solomon also has an active life outside the classroom. She especially enjoys hiking，biking and other activities with her family.‎ Her research takes her to the Anacostia River.“It is very close to Gallaudet，and I easily bring my students there，” she says. Water running through local forests and marshes drains into this river. So does water running off urban streets，golf courses and industrial sites.“The river’s watershed(集水区)kind of concentrates all the things that happen when humans mess with the natural landscape，” she explains. Not surprisingly，this river has developed a reputation for being quite polluted.‎ Solomon has been focusing on how pollutants affect tiny organisms that form the base of the river’s food web.“I am now looking at the bacteria population，” she says，“to see what types there are.”‎ Solomon wants to see more students who are deaf or have other ‎ disabilities make a difference in environmental science and other fields. As she often says，“If I can do it，you can do it.”‎ 语篇解读　本文主要介绍了一个有听力障碍的女孩卡罗琳•所罗门，她是学校游泳队的队员，但是她家附近的溪流因污染严重而不能游泳。受到这个场景的触动，她决定研究环保问题，并呼吁更多的残疾人保护环境。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A．Solomon’s home.‎ B．Solomon’s school.‎ C．The polluted creek.‎ D．The local environment.‎ 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据前文中的“But at times she could not go into the creek(溪流) near her home.It was simply too polluted.”可知，她家附近的溪流因污染严重，人们不能在里面游泳。由此推测出这位女孩是想针对这条被污染的河流做一些事情。故选C。‎ ‎5．What made Solomon study environmental science?‎ A．Her teacher’s influence.‎ B．Her physical conditions.‎ C．Her teenage experiences.‎ D．Her love for swimming.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘I decided I wanted to do something about it，’ she recalls. So she studied environmental science and public policy at Harvard University in Cambridge，Mass.”可知，卡罗琳•所罗门是被污染的溪流所触动，于是决定研究环保问题。身为学校游泳队的队员，但家附近的溪流因污染严重而不能游泳，那是她青少年时期的经历，故选C。‎ ‎6．What does Solomon think of disabled students?‎ A．They should be encouraged to live actively.‎ B．They can make contributions if they want to.‎ C．They should be treated differently by others.‎ D．They can be a burden if they are dependent.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Solomon wants to see more students who are deaf or have other disabilities make a difference in environmental science and other fields. As she often says，‘If I can do it，you can do it.’”可知，所罗门认为残疾人只要想去保护环境，就一定能贡献一份力量。故选B。‎ ‎7．In which column can you find this passage?‎ A．Environment. B．Education.‎ C．Entertainment. D．Culture.‎ 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。根据文章大意可知，文章讲述了一个残疾的女孩因青少年时期的经历，下定决心保护环境的事情，所以这篇文章有可能来源于与“环境”有关的栏目。故选A。‎