2018届二轮复习名词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查课件（共20张ppt）

2018届二轮复习名词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查课件（共20张ppt）

　 2018 届二轮复习 名词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查 语法填空题对名词的考查包括根据语境填适当的名词，特别是固定搭配中的名词 ( 不给提示词 ) 和用所给词的名词形式填空 ( 给出动词、形容词等提示词 ) 以及给出名词作提示词要求对其进行单复数转换等。 特别说明： 本考点主要讲解名词的单复数，有关名词的词性转换将在 “ 考点 6 词类转换 ” 中具体讲解，本考点不再赘述。 1 ． (2015 · 新课标卷 Ⅰ ) The Li River is pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting) ． 解析： 句意：漓江被画家画到很多中国画中。因为该词由 so many 修饰，所以这里填名词的复数形式。 2 ． (2014 · 新课标卷 Ⅰ ) For most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 解析： 句意：对我们大多数人来说，这种变化是逐渐的，而且需要很多努力和工作。所填词作主语，其前是定冠词，所以应为名词；根据谓语 are 可知应用复数形式。 changes paintings 3 ． (2014 · 辽宁卷 ) Peter: Unbelievable! Oh ..., if you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep ________ (breathe) ． 解析： 句意： …… 我要停下来深吸一口气。 take a deep breath “ 深呼吸 ” ，是固定短语。 breath 提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后发现词性不用变，则应填写所给名词的复数形式。 1 ．利用设空前表示数量的 many, several, all, both 等确定名词用复数。 2 ．可数名词前无冠词应用复数形式。 3 ．设空前有 one of (the/my 等 ) 提示词，名词用复数形式。 4 ．设空处作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式，则设空处应填名词复数形式。 1 ． (2015 · 新课标卷 Ⅰ 短文改错 ) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 答案与解析： airs → air 　 air 是物质名词，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 2 ． (2015 · 四川卷短文改错 ) As I told you last time, I made three new friend here. 答案与解析： friend → friends 　 friend 为可数名词，根据前面的数词 three 可知此处应用复数形式，故将 friend 改为 friends 。 3 ． (2015 · 陕西卷短文改错 ) Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 答案与解析： step → steps 　 step 是可数名词，前有 some 修饰，故用复数形式。 4 ． (2014 · 辽宁卷短文改错 ) We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. 答案与解析： time → times 　 time 在此处为可数名词，意为 “ 次数 ” ，由前面的 several 可知，此处应用复数形式。 5 ． (2014 · 新课标卷 Ⅱ 短文改错 ) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports one hour every day. 答案与解析： 第一个 hour → hours 　 one and a half “ 一个半 ” 修饰复数名词，故将 hour 改为 hours 。 1 ．可数名词单复数的错用 ① 有些名词常以复数形式出现，如 trousers, manners( 礼貌 ) 等。 ② 在指示代词 this, that 后用单数名词， these, those 后用复数名词。 2 ．可数名词与不可数名词的错用 ① 误把不可数名词当作可数名词，如 progress( 进步 ), luggage( 行李 ), advice( 建议 ) 等，只能用作不可数名词。 ② 有些词如 time 可用作可数名词或不可数名词，应根据语境判断。 3 ．误把名词的普通格用作所有格，表示 “ …… 的 ” 时应用名词的所有格。 1 ．一般情况下直接在词尾加 s 变为复数名词。 2 ．以 x ， s ， ch ， sh 结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在词尾加 es ，注意 stomach → stomachs 除外。 3 ．以 o 结尾的有生命的名词 es ，以 o 结尾的无生命的名词以及以 oo 结尾的名词后加 s 。如： tomato → tomatoes, hero → heroes, radio → radios, zoo → zoos 等。 4 ．以 “ 辅音字母＋ y ” 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 。 5 ．以 f / fe 结尾的单词，把 f/fe 变为 v 再加 es 。如： wife → wives 。但 roof → roofs, belief → beliefs 除外。 6 ．名词复数的不规则变化形式。 ① 改变名词中的元音字母。如 man → men, mouse → mice 。 child → children 除外。 ② 单复数形式相同。如 sheep, deer, means ( 方法 ) ， works ( 工厂 ) 等。 ③ 复合名词变成复数的情况：将主体名词变为复数，如： soninlaw → sonsinlaw ；无主体名词时，在复合名词的词尾加 s ，如： grownup → grownups ；将两部分都变为复数，如： woman singer → women singers 。 be in high spirits 　　　　　 情绪高昂 burst into tears / cheers 放声大哭 / 大声喝彩 make preparations for ... 为 …… 做准备 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵 in terms of 就 …… 而言 in ruins 成为废墟 in all directions 向四面八方 take pains 尽力；刻苦 take turns 轮流 考查名词固定搭配在具体语境中的运用。常见的固定搭配： 动词＋名词 介词＋名词 catch sight of 突然看见 in the distance 在远处 give a solution 解决 beyond belief 难以置信的 have/gain access to 取得 …… 的使用机会 in great demand 需求量很大 take place 发生 beyond recognition 认不出来 动词＋名词 介词＋名词 take advantage of 利用 out of question 毫无疑问 make room for 为 …… 腾出空间 on condition that 只要 make contact with 与 …… 取得联系 on the whole 从整体而言；总的来说 make a compromise 妥协 in possession of 拥有 6 ． There are many interesting (story) in the book. 7 ． The two (class) are planting trees in the field. 8 ． It is one of the best (way) to solve the problem. 9 ． College students are _____________(grown － up) and it's their rights to choose the way to live. 10 ． The (roof) of these cottages were covered with ____________(leaf) ． leaves stories classes ways grown－ups roofs Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics._______________ 2 ． Parents can be very important teacher in our life.________________ 3 ． We should take effective measure to solve this problem.___________________ 4 ． To our surprises, they all felt curious at it.__________________ 5 ． Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning._____________________ troubles→trouble name→names teacher→teachers measure→measures surprises→surprise Ⅲ . 语法填空 It's time to go back to school! Both Chinese and American students are getting ready ____ the first day of school. But they are not _________ (do) it in the same way. Most Chinese __________ (school) start on the same day in September, while US schools don't. Classes can begin any time between August and September. Each school gets to decide ___________ their classes will start. Except for first － year students, every year most Chinese students see the same teachers and classmates. US students, however, see some big ___________ (change) ． changes for doing schools when In American high schools, _____________ (subject) are divided into different levels. Students can choose their favorite teachers and courses based on their _____________ (ability) and interests. This means that every year US students go to different classrooms for all of their different classes. Also, students at your age in the US go to school a few __________ (day) early to pick their own schedule. Then they get a big welcome or orientation( 迎新会 ). For first － year students, the first day of school also means they can get ____________ own lockers( 储物柜 ). Elementary school students in the US have to share lockers with their classmates. But once they make it to junior high, they ________ (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! finally subjects abilities days their