中考英语专题复习主谓一致

中考英语专题复习主谓一致

中考英语专项复习------主谓一致 ‎【主谓一致命题】‎ 1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则 2、 主谓一致的整体一致原则 3、 主谓一致的就近一致原则 4、 主谓一致的意义一致原则 5、 主谓一致的附加原则 ‎【考点】‎ ‎ 一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 ‎ ‎【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]‎ A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [0潍坊市]‎ A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both 二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头)‎ ‎ A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (烟台) ‎ A. student, is　　　　 B. the students, are C. the students, is　　　　 D. students, are 三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。‎ ‎【考例】As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]‎ A. go B. goes C. going D. went 但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。 ‎ What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。 ‎ 四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。‎ ‎【考例】 Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西]‎ A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted 五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 ‎ ‎【考例】 ‎ ‎---How much ________the shoes?‎ ‎---Five dollars_________ enough． [青岛市]‎ A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (天津)‎ ‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are 六、就近原则 ‎ ‎--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?‎ ‎ --All right, Mum. [福州市]‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]‎ A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [潍坊市]‎ A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both ‎【语法回顾】‎ 主谓一致 ‎1. 语法一致的原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 邻近一致的原则 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ 在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。‎ 一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：‎ ‎1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如： ‎ Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.‎ ‎ To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.‎ ‎ Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. ‎ What you need most is to have a good sleep.‎ ‎ How you can get there is a problem. ‎ ‎[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：‎ What I bought were three English books What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.‎ ‎2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：‎ Swimming and walking are good exercises.‎ He and I were classmates when we were at college.‎ Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.。‎ Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports ‎[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：‎ The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.‎ The manager and the secretary are busy now.。‎ Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.‎ ‎ 2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：‎ In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.‎ 在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。‎ Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。‎ Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。‎ More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。‎ ‎[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。如：‎ There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。‎ ‎3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如：‎ An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.‎ 一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。‎ Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。‎ No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.‎ 除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。‎ She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 像你和汤姆那样她很高。‎ ‎4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：‎ Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。‎ Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。‎ Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。‎ Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.‎ 每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。‎ ‎2‎ ‎）若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：‎ None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。‎ None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。‎ ‎5.不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。例如： ‎ None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。‎ None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。‎ None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）‎ Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）‎ Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。‎ Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。‎ Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。‎ ‎5、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：‎ It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.‎ 那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。‎ People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。‎ The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.‎ Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.‎ Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.‎ ‎[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如：‎ This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.。‎ He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. ‎ The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.‎ ‎6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of，a head of，heaps of，the rest（majority） of，some（many，anymore，most，all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：‎ Some of us do not know much about the theatre.。‎ Some (of the sugar) is wet. ‎ Most of the students in our class are league. ‎ Most of the food tastes delicious. ‎ Half of the work is left unfinished.。‎ Half of the apples are given to the children.。‎ Lots of damage was caused by smoking.‎ Plenty of English books are on the shelf。‎ 注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。 如：‎ All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人) All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)‎ ‎2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ A large number of buildings were burnt down.‎ A number of students in our class are out by the lake.。‎ The number of students in our school is 2500.。‎ ‎7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：‎ Two thirds of the country is dry or desert. 这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。‎ Two thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。‎ More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water. ‎ 我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。‎ ‎30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。‎ ‎8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：‎ This kind of men is dangerous.。‎ Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?‎ There is a kind of rose in his garden.。‎ This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive.。 ‎ That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 。‎ ‎[注意]但"there/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 如：‎ There kinds of tests are good . 。‎ Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up.。‎ 如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应为复数。例如 ：‎ There are many kinds of pears.‎ 二、逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：‎ ‎1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如：‎ Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。‎ The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。‎ ‎2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：‎ Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. ‎ 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。‎ Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。‎ Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。‎ My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。‎ ‎[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：‎ Most of the population of the city are workers.‎ One third of the population now smoke.。‎ The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.‎ ‎ 3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：‎ Your trousers need washing. 。‎ My glasses are new. ‎ A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。‎ A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.。‎ Two pairs of socks are enough for me.。‎ ‎4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如：‎ There is a pair of shoes left。‎ The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。‎ ‎5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 如：‎ Twenty years is a long time to us. ‎ One thousand pounds is a lot of money. ‎ ‎6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。 如：‎ Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.‎ 张家界的确是个好地方，它是以美丽的山而闻名的 Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. ‎ The United States is in North America. News is travelling fast nowadays. ‎ The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.‎ 美国影片《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。‎ ‎7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ The old is taken good care of in our country. ‎ The sick is one of the students in our class. ‎ ‎8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：‎ The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。‎ My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。‎ ‎9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可。如：‎ Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。‎ Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。‎ Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。‎ ‎10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如： ‎ Who teaches you English? ‎ Who have gone there? ‎ Which is your room? ‎ Which are your rooms? ‎ ‎11、表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：‎ One and a half oranges has been left on the table. A month and a half has passed. ‎ ‎12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （种类） -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如：‎ One day this white sheep was lost. ‎ There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. ‎ A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.‎ We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations. ‎ 三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。例如：‎ ‎1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如：‎ Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. ‎ Not only the mother but also the children were there.‎ ‎2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如：‎ Where is your mother and younger sisters? ‎ There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. ‎ ‎ 中考英语专项复习———主谓一致 ‎【中考训练】‎ ‎( ) 1. (河北).Everyone ______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.‎ A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks ‎( ) 2.（湖北黄冈）-David has been away for more than 25 days.‎ ‎-I miss him very much. You know, 25 days ________short. ‎ A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't ‎( ) 3.（湖北十堰）Climbing hills ______of great help to our health.‎ A. was B. were C. is D. are ‎( ) 4.（山东省莱芜）Yao Ming works hard on his English and ________‎ A．so Liu Xiang does B．so is Liu Xiang C．so does Liu Xiang D．so Liu Xiang is ‎( ) 5.(北京市）The reading room ______ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.‎ A. am B. is C. are D. be ‎( ) 6.（广西）There _______ some milk in the glass. ‎ A. is B. are C. be D. has ‎( ) 7.（山东滨州）How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎( ) 8.（四川巴中）In our school library, there ______ a number of books on science and the number of them _______ growing larger and larger.‎ A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is D. is; have ‎( ) 9. Nobody but Li Hua ______ the secret. ‎ A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known ‎( ) 10. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea.‎ A. is B. are C. were D. has been ‎( ) 11 All but one ______ here just now. ‎ A. is B. was C. has been D. were ‎( ) 12. When and where to build the school _______ yet.‎ A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn’t been decided D. have not decided ‎( ) 13. A fork and knife ______ on the table.‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎( ) 14 Where ________a will, there is a way. ‎ A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are ‎( ) 15. Each boy and each girl _______ an English dictionary yesterday.‎ A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given ‎( ) 16. The old ______ taken good care of in China.‎ A. is B. has C. are D. have ‎( ) 17. Half of the students ______got the same suggestion.‎ A. has B. have C. is D. are ‎( ) 18. She is the only one of all the students who _______ a chance to go abroad. ‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are ‎( ) 19. Something ______ wrong with my TV set.‎ A. has B. have C. is D. are ‎( ) 20. Either Tim or I_______ a boss. ‎ A. am B. is C. are D. be ‎( ) 21. Fifty yuan _______ enough for the blue coat.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎22. Ten plus five ________ fifteen. ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎23．How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. ‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are ‎24．Not only his parents but also his brother _______ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back. ‎ A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone ‎25．Neither my father _______ going to see the patient. ‎ A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is ‎26．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头)‎ A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers ‎27．The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. ‎ A. student, is　 　B. the students, are C. the students, is　　　 D. students, are ‎28．The number of the students in our class _______ 54. ‎ A. is B. are  C. has  D. have ‎29．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．‎ A．is B．are C．am D．be ‎30．A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift. ‎ A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered ‎31．When and where to build the new factory ________yet． ‎ A．is not decided B．are not decided C．has not decided D．have not decided ‎32．The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons． ‎ A．were，was B．was, was C．was，were D．were．were ‎33．Between the two buildings _______a monument．‎ A．is standing B．standing C．stands D．stand ‎34．Many a student ______that mistake before.‎ A．had made B．has been made C．have made D． has made ‎35．None of the money _______his．‎ A．is B．are C．belongs D．were ‎36．About three—fifths of the work ________done yesterday．‎ A．had B．was C．were D．have ‎37．Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them． ‎ A．know B knows C．knew