【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点讲与练学案（14页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点讲与练学案（14页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 主谓一致考点讲与练 ‎ ‎ 一 定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：1，语法一致2，意义一致3，就近一致 ‎ 二 用法 ‎（一）语法一致： 谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。 A谓语用单数的情况 ‎1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。 The boy is clever enough to study maths well. To work hard is necessary. Reading aloud is very important in leaning a foreign language. Whether she comes or not is of no matter. ‎ ‎2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education. No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game. 3、主语是单数，其后尽管有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。 ‎ ‎ The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 4、某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, every body, every one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing.等，当它们作主语时，通常用单数。 5、many a +单名，谓语用单数。 Many a student is coming. 6、the number of+复数名词，谓语用单数，中心词是number。a number of +复数名词，谓语用复数。 ‎ B谓语用复数的情况 ‎7、主语为复数，谓语用复数。 They are doing their homework now. 8、用and或both… and连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。 He and I are classmates when we were at college. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 但是：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念其谓语要用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。 In this hotel, the bread and butter (= the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast. The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor. ‎ ‎（二）、意义一致： 从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题，即主语形式为单数，意义为复数。谓语依意义而定用复数，反之，主语形式为复数，意义为单数，谓语用单数。 ‎ A谓语用单数的情况 1、表时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看时，谓语动词用单数 Fifty years is not a long time. One hundred kilometers is a good distance. Four hundred dollars is more than she can afford. Five pounds is quite enough. 2、以ics结尾的学科名称，如mathematics, physics, politics, news, works等都属形复意单名词，谓语用单数。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to me. The glass works was rebuilt in 1959. 3、用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等复数名词作主谓时，谓语用单数。 “The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story book. The United States is a capitalist country. B谓语用复数的情况： 4、一些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales, glasses等，它们作主语时，谓语要用复数。 The scales are mine. My trousers are being washed. 但：如果成双的东西前有a pair of来修饰时，谓语要用单数。 This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor. 5、表总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, people（人们、人民）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police have not made any arrests. People are talking about the news. ‎ ‎ 6、以定冠词the + adj（或分词形式的adj.）作主语时，如果指的是一类人，谓语用复数。 The English speak English. The rich are not always happy. C、单复数依情况而定： ‎ 有些集合名词，如family, team, group, crowd, crew, class, audience, government, company, committee等作主语时，如果看作一个整体用单数，如果就其中的一个成员而言，用复数。 family:　　 My family is a big family. /My family are watching TV. population:　The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 　　 What is the population of China? 　　 One third of the population here are workers. 三、就近一致 有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1、在正式文体中，用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not only…but also等连接并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。 What he does or what he says does not concern me. Either he or I know the truth. He didn’t say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted. Not only he but also you are wrong. 2、在倒装句中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。 ‎ ‎ Where is your mother and younger sisters? There is a notebook, a pen and some books on the desk. ‎ 三、主谓一致Agreement 知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。‎ ‎1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：‎ ‎1）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English. 3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）4）How you get there is a problem.‎ ‎2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys. 3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：‎ ‎1）There is a dog near the door.2）There were no schools in this area before liberation. 3）Here comes the bus.4）On the wall were two famous paintings.5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.‎ ‎4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather ‎ than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：‎ ‎1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2）He and my father work in the same factory.‎ ‎3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6）Every picture except these two has been sold.‎ ‎7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.‎ ‎5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。‎ ‎1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。‎ ‎2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。‎ ‎3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。‎ ‎6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：‎ ‎1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。‎ ‎2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。‎ ‎3）Many a student is busy with their ‎ lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。‎ ‎7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： 1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them likes this picture.‎ ‎8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎1）Is everyone here? 2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。‎ ‎9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：‎ ‎1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.‎ ‎2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.‎ ‎3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.‎ ‎10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。‎ ‎1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.‎ ‎11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）The United States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。‎ ‎3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.‎ ‎12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：‎ ‎1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。‎ ‎3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。‎ ‎13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：‎ ‎1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。‎ ‎3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。‎ ‎14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：‎ ‎1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。‎ ‎2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。‎ ‎15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）Either you or I am going to the movies.2）Not only you but also he is wrong.‎ ‎16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎1）Water is a kind of matter.2）The news at six o’clock is true.‎ ‎17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： 1）The police are searching for him.2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。‎ ‎18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：‎ ‎1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2）One third of the population here are workers.‎ ‎19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.‎ ‎2）A number of students have gone for an outing.‎ ‎20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎【专项训练】1、Nothing but cars in the shop.‎ ‎ A．is sold B．are sold C．were sold D．are going to sell ‎2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.‎ ‎ A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．are known ‎3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．comes D．are coming ‎4、 of the money used up.‎ ‎ A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been ‎ C．Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is ‎5、The number of the people who cars increasing.‎ ‎ A．owns, are B．owns, is C．own, is D．own, are ‎6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.‎ ‎ A．was B．were C．would be D．are ‎7、The sheets for your bed washing.‎ ‎ A．needs B．are needing C．want D．are wanting ‎8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.‎ ‎ A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grown ‎9、Some person calling for you at the gate.‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．is being D．will be ‎10、All that can be eaten eaten up.‎ ‎ A．are being B．has been C．had been D．have been ‎11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．are being D．has ‎12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.‎ ‎ A．doesn’t fit B．don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for ‎13、Neither he nor I for the plan.‎ ‎ A．am B．are C．is D．were ‎14、Many a student that mistake before.‎ ‎ A．has made B．have made C．has been made D．had made ‎15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．were D．seems ‎16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has D．have ‎17、Between the two buildings a monument.‎ ‎ A．stand B．stands C．standing D．is standing ‎18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.‎ ‎ A．am B．is C．are D．was ‎19、The United Nations in 1945.‎ ‎ A．were found B．were founded C．was founded D．was found ‎20、 were also invited to the party.‎ ‎ A．Mr Smith B．The Smith C．The Smiths D．Smiths ‎21、The glass works in 1959.‎ ‎ A．were set up B．was set up C．were put up D．were built ‎22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.‎ ‎ A．seem B．seems C．is seeming D．has seemed ‎23、It was reported that six including a boy.‎ ‎ A．was killed B．were killed C．was killing D．had killed ‎24、The police a prisoner.‎ ‎ A．is searching for B．are searching forC．is searching D．are searched for ‎25、Deer faster than dogs.‎ ‎ A．run B．runs C．are running D．will run ‎26、The wounded good care of here now.‎ ‎ A．is taken B．are being taken C．are taking D．is taking ‎27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.‎ ‎ A．was B．were C．had D．is ‎28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.‎ ‎ A．was B．is C．are D．will be ‎29、There a knife and fork on the table.‎ ‎ A．seems to be B．seem to be C．is seeming to be D．are ‎30、Those who singing may join us.‎ ‎ A．are liking B．likes C．enjoy D．is fond of ‎31、His family music lovers.‎ ‎ A．all are B．are all C．is D．are being ‎32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.‎ ‎ A．was B．is C．were D．had been ‎33、The pair of shoes worn out.‎ ‎ A．was B．were C．have been D．had been ‎34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.‎ ‎ A．have B．has C．had D．are having ‎35、More than one answer to the question.‎ ‎ A．have been given B．has been given C．were given D．had given ‎36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. A．are B．is C．were D．was ‎37、Our family a happy one.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were ‎38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.‎ ‎ A．were made B．are made C．has been made D．were making ‎39、Most of his time in reading novels.‎ ‎ A．are spent B．is spent C．were spent D．was spending ‎40、The rest of the novel very interesting.‎ ‎ A．were B．are C．is D．seem ‎41、I know that all getting on well with her.‎ ‎ A．was B．is C．are D．were ‎42、When and where this took place still unknown.‎ ‎ A．are B．were C．is D．has ‎43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.‎ ‎ A．are B．were C．is D．has ‎44、Very few his address in the town.‎ ‎ A．knows B．know C．are knowing D．has known ‎45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．were D．seem ‎46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.‎ ‎ A．were B．are C．is D．seem to be ‎47、Nine plus three twelve.‎ ‎ A．makes B．make C．is making D．are making ‎48、There are two roads and either to the station.‎ ‎ A．leads B．lead C．are leading D．is leading ‎49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.‎ ‎ A．have been B．has been C．had been D．will be ‎50、My family as well as I glad to see you.‎ ‎ A．am B．are C．is D．was ‎【答案】：1、A 2、B 3、B 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、C 8、B 9、B 10、B 11、B 12、B 13、A 14、A 15、A 16、A 17、B 18、A 19、C 20、C 21、B 22、B 23、B 24、B 25、A 26、B 27、B 28、C 29、A 30、C 31、B 32、C 33、A 34、A 35、B 36、37、A 38、A 39、40、C 41、C 42、C 43、C 44、B 。45、B 46、C 47.A 49.B 50、B ‎