【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致三原则极其运用（4页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致三原则极其运用（4页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致三原则极其运用 一、含义 在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持主谓一致。‎ 二、判断的三个原则:‎ ‎1. 语法一致:主语是单数,谓语动词用单数；主语是复数,谓语动词用复数 。‎ ‎2. 意义一致原则:主语形式为单数,意义是复数,谓语动词用复数;主语形式为复数,意义是单数,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎3. 就近原则:谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。‎ 三、用法 ‎1. 复合不定代词someone , anyone,everyone, nobody/none做主语，谓语动 词用单数。‎ If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call.‎ ‎2. each of+ 名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。‎ Each of the students has an apple.‎ We/ You/ They/ The students eachhave an apple.(复数形式 students作主语,each作同位语)‎ ‎3. 代词all 作主语:若指人,谓语动词用复数;若指事物或现象,谓语动词通常用单数。‎ All are equal before the law.‎ All is well that ends well.结局好一切都。‎ ‎4. 不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。‎ Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.‎ ‎5. many a +单数名词/ more than one+名 词作主语,谓语动词用单数。‎ Many a page is missing in the book.‎ More than one student has failed theexam.‎ More students than one have failedthe exam.‎ ‎6. 形式为单数但意义为复作主语时,谓语动词用复数。‎ The police have not made any arrests.‎ ‎7. 表示一类人/物的 the poor/ rich/ dead/injured ；the+姓氏复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。‎ The rich are to help the poor.‎ The Greens are going to London.‎ ‎8. 表示某国人的总称的 the Chinese. theBritish, 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。‎ The Chinese are hard-working.‎ ‎9. 表示学科概念词诸如 maths, physics,politics, news等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Physics is my favorite subject.‎ Bad news has wings.‎ ‎10. 单复数同形的名词sheep, deer,‎ means, works(工厂)等作主语,谓语动词的数与实际意义一致。‎ A sheep is lying there.‎ Three sheep are eating grass there.‎ ‎11. 集体名词 family,class, public, crew.team, audience, crowd, government ,committee, group, nation 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词用单数; 当强调各个成员时,谓语动词用复数。‎ The class consists of twenty-five boysand twenty girls.‎ The class are doing experiments.‎ ‎12. 在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be 句型，either……or……neither……nor……not only……but also ……中,谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。 如：‎ Not his parents but he doesnt want togo.‎ Not only the students but also theteacher wishes for a holiday.‎ There is a cup of tea and someappleson the table.‎ Are either you or he fit for the job?‎ Are not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?‎ 四、主谓一致的几个难点 ‎1.并列主语的主谓一致用法 ‎（1）两个单数可数名词或不可数名词用and连接表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数 ；两个单数可数名词用and连接,表示同一人，物或同一个概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Tom and Jack were close friends.‎ Steam and ice are different forms ofwater.‎ The singer and dancer is to attend ourevening party.‎ ‎（2）every,each, many a等限定的名词由and连接时,谓语动词仍用单数，‎ Many a teacher and( many a) studenthas seen the film.‎ ‎（3）一个单数可数名词或不可 数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事, 这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。‎ English and American literature areappealing to her.‎ Simple and plain living is a fine appealing to her.‎ ‎（4） 由and连接的两个从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式 。‎ What he says and does do not agree What he says and does does notconcern me.‎ ‎（5）在含“名词或代词 +with, alongwith, together with, as well as, rather than, but, except或not等+名词或代词”结构的句子中,谓语动词的数应该和第一个名词。‎ Tom as well as two of his friends wasinvited to the party.‎ Nobody but one teacher and threestudents was in the laboratory.‎ ‎（6）由两部分构成的表示物体的名词,‎ 如 trousers, pants, glasses, shoes等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。但 如果这类名词前用了 a pair / pairs of来修饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。‎ These trousers need cleaning This pair of trousers needs cleaning The two pairs of trousers are mine.‎ ‎（7）数词与量词(+名词)作主语时的主谓一致 用法表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时,通常作整体看待,后接单数谓语动词。‎ Twenty years is a long time in one's life.‎ ‎（8）“分数、百分数、half、the rest或most+of+名词”作 主语时,其谓语动词需与of后的名词保持一致 。‎ About one third of the books are worthreading.‎ Two thirds of the population in Chinaare/ is farmers.‎ ‎（9）由“kind/form/type/sort+of+名词”作主语,其谓语形式取决于of前的这些词的单复数形式。‎ This type of buses is now on show.‎ Buses of this kind are now on show.‎ ‎（10）a number of+名词复数+谓语复数形式(许多)；the number of+名词复数+谓语单数形式(…的数量)；the number of+名词单数+谓语动词单数(……的号码)。‎ A number of students are from thesouth.‎ The number of students from thenorth is small.‎ ‎（11） a quantity of后既可接复数名词,亦可接不可数名词。如果 a quantity of接不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果a quantity of接复数名词,则谓语动词通常要采用复数形式；quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。‎ There is a large quantity of milk.‎ A large quantity of books are on sale now.‎ Great quantities of fish were caught on the high seas.‎ With more forests being destroyed,large quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.‎ 五、定语从句、强调句型, 倒装句中的主谓一致 ‎1.定语从句中的主谓一致：定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与其先行词保持一致 I am not the one who is afraid of difficulty.‎ Don' t choose me, who am not fit for this job.‎ This is one of the novels that have ever been written by MoYan.‎ She is one of the girls who sing well in class.‎ She is not the only one of the girls who sings well in class ‎2. 在强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”中,当被强调部分是句子主语时,“其他部分”中的谓语动词应和被强调的主语保持一致 如 It is I who am a teacher.‎ It is the boys who are responsible forthe accident.‎ ‎3. 倒装句中的主谓一致:在倒装句中谓语动词的数应与后面的主语保持一致 On the wall hang some pictures byPicasso.‎ Such were the viewpoints of my colleagues.‎