【英语】2019届二轮复习话题写作专题文化交流与社会礼仪（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习话题写作专题文化交流与社会礼仪（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习话题写作专题 文化交流与社会礼仪 第一节　话题背诵 ‎1.assist vt.帮助，协助 ‎2.assistance n.帮助，援助，支持 ‎3.caution n.警告；谨慎，小心 ‎4.command n.& vt.命令 ‎5.communication n.交际，交往；通讯 ‎6.conversation n.对话 ‎7.decline vt.拒绝 ‎8.departure n.离开，出发 ‎9.dial vt.& vi.拨(电话号码) ‎ ‎10.exchange n.& vt.交换，调换；交流 ‎11.express vt.表达；表示；n.快车，特快专递 ‎12.expression n.表达；词句；表示；表情 ‎13.greet vt.问候；向……致敬 ‎14.greeting n.祝贺；问候 ‎15.pardon n.原谅，宽恕，对不起 ‎16.part vi.分离；分开 ‎17.persuade vt.说服，劝说 ‎18.prohibit vt.禁止 ‎19.reason vi.评理；劝说；n.理由，原因 ‎20.reject vt.拒绝 ‎21.respect n.敬意，尊重 ‎22.behave vt.守规矩，行为 ‎23.believe v.相信，认为 ‎24.casual adj.随意的 ‎25.celebrate v.庆祝 ‎26.experience v.体验；n.经历；经验 ‎27.inform vt.告诉；通知 ‎28.introduce v.介绍 ‎29.occasion n.场合；时机；理由 ‎30.respond vi.回答，回应，作出反应 ‎1.adopted words外来词 ‎2.be familiar with熟悉；通晓 ‎3.body language身势语 ‎4.bring in引进 ‎5.broaden one’s horizons开阔视野 ‎6.crosscultural communication跨文化交流 ‎7.cultural background文化背景 ‎8.cultural conflict文化冲突 ‎9.cultural diversity文化差异 ‎10.cultural exchange文化交流 ‎11.cultural shock文化冲击 ‎12.exchange students交换生 ‎13.have an appointment with sb.与某人有个约会 ‎14.in public当众， 公开地 ‎15.in response to作为对……的回答；反应 ‎16.in terms of就……来说；从……角度 ‎17.local culture本土文化 ‎18.local customs and practices风土人情 ‎19.look down upon/on轻视， 看不起 ‎20.make a brief introduction to对……做简单介绍 ‎21.multicultural society多元文化社会 ‎22.make an appointment with sb.与某人约会 ‎23.make an impression on... 给……留下深刻印象 ‎24.national identity and value民族认同和价值观 ‎25.put up with忍受 ‎26.remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解 ‎27.think highly of重视 ‎28.turn up出现，到达，来到 ‎1.I don’t have a good command of English，especially spoken English，so I’m afraid I’ll have difficulty fitting in very soon.‎ 我不精通英语，尤其是口语，恐怕我很难在短期内适应。‎ ‎2.I felt very pleased and excited，for this was the first time I had ever talked with a foreigner in English，and I did give him a little help.‎ 我感到很高兴，也很兴奋，因为这是我第一次用英语和外国人讲话，并且我确实给了他一点帮助。‎ ‎3.I know you love Chinese paintings.Here is a piece of good news for you.‎ 我知道你喜欢中国画，有一条好消息要告诉你。‎ 第二节　话题阅读 真题深度阅读训练 Step One　真题体验 ‎(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读理解D)‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view ‎ it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。不同的文化对于沉默有着不同的解读。有的认为沉默意味着深思熟虑或无话可说；有的认为沉默就是执拗；也有的把沉默当成理解他人的必备谈话技巧而倍加珍视。‎ ‎32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A.It implies anger.‎ B.It promotes friendship.‎ C.It is culturespecific.‎ D.It is contentbased.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。由第一段第一句及下文给出的沉默在不同文化中不同含义的例子可知，作者认为不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，意即它与特定的文化有关。因此答案为C。‎ ‎33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A.The Chinese. B.The French.‎ C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。题干中的“as a call for careful thought”与第二段末句“a call for reflection”相对应，reflection意为“沉思，审慎的思考”，再联系本段首句可知答案为A。‎ ‎34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B.Break it while treating patients.‎ C.Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D.Make use of its healing effects.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。第四段讲述护理人员对于病人沉默的处理技巧。由该段末句可知作者建议护士们利用沉默的治愈效果来关爱病人。故选D。‎ ‎35.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。全文自始至终都是围绕沉默而展开，论述其在不同文化中的 含义及影响。因此答案为B。值得注意的是D项(雄辩是银，沉默是金)，该选项迷惑性较大，但文章并未涉及前者的内容，若用它作标题，过于片面，不能概括全文。‎ Step Two　信息句与长难句分析 ‎1.(33题信息句)Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.‎ 翻译：因此，当一个来自于这些文化群体中的人在说话时突然停止时，也许是在暗示希望听众在继续之前思考一下之前说的话。‎ 分析：本句中前面为when引导的时间状语从句；主句为what引导的主语从句，且作主语从句中的主语；后面为that引导的表语从句，从句中consider后为what引导的宾语从句，且what作从句中的主语。‎ ‎2.(34题信息句)A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 翻译：了解沉默的治愈功效的护士可以运用这种理解帮助照顾那些来自自己和其他文化的病人。‎ 分析：本句中主语 a nurse后面为who引导的定语从句，主句谓语动词为can use，宾语为this understanding，后面为不定式作目的状语。定语从句中谓语understands的宾语为value。‎ Step Three　深度阅读与拓展训练 真题精选对应训练 ‎(2012·辽宁，阅读理解C)‎ If Confucius(孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake，there would be a lot of candles.He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.‎ While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day，few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.It’s nothing personal.Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.‎ But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.‎ In the past two decades，the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently，the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art，history and philosophy(哲学).Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.Students in the United States，at the same time，are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.‎ So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.‎ Today China attracts the West more than ever，and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.‎ As for the old thinker，he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West，even if his birthday is.‎ 语篇解读　尽管东西方国家纪念孔子的方式不同，孔子在西方国家仍受到推崇。世界各地的孔子学院得到了西方人的喜欢，成为他们了解中国文化的桥梁。‎ ‎64.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to .‎ A.provide some key facts about Confucius B.attract the readers’ interest in the subject C.show great respect for the ancient thinker D.prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations 答案　B 解析　作者意图题。作者首先提出，如果孔子活到今天，按照西方国家的方式点蜡烛庆祝他的生日，吹蜡烛将会是一件麻烦的事。作者以此作为开场白，目的是吸引读者。C项有一定的干扰性。‎ ‎65.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students .‎ A.have a great interest in studying Chinese B.take an active part in Chinese competitions C.try to get high scores in Chinese exams D.fight for a chance to learn Chinese 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。第四段的第一句就是本段的主旨句。这一段讲述了孔子文化在西方国家的受欢迎程度，由此可以得出答案。‎ ‎66.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.Forgotten Wisdom in America B.Huge Fans of the Chinese Language C.Chinese Culture for Westerners D.Old Thinker with a Big Future 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。全文讲述了孔子学院在西方国家受欢迎的程度。它架起了一座东方文化向西方传播的桥梁，因此是古老的思想家与未来的结合。C项有一定的干扰性。本文主要介绍了孔子思想在西方国家的传播，因此C项的范围过大。‎ ‎67.The passage is likely to appear in .‎ A.a biography B.a history paper C.a newspaper D.a philosophy textbook 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。本文介绍了孔子学院在西方的盛行，因此属于报道类文章，应出现在报纸上。‎ 第三节　话题写作 情景专练1‎ ‎(2014·陕西)假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词。‎ 写作要点：‎ ‎1.表示对客人的欢迎；‎ ‎2.介绍此项活动(如活动目的、内容等)；‎ ‎3.表达对客人的祝愿。‎ 注意：词数不少于100。‎ Ⅰ.记增分素材 ‎1.代表on behalf of ‎2.对某人表示热烈欢迎express one’s warm welcome to sb.‎ ‎3.按照预订时间as scheduled ‎ ‎4.发展某方面的兴趣develop interest in ‎ ‎5.由……组成consist of/be made up of ‎6.参加take part in ‎ ‎7.从……当中获益benefit from ‎8.祝某人过得愉快wish sb.a pleasant/good time Ⅱ.练高分句式 Dear American guests，‎ On behalf of our school，I would like to express our warm welcome to you.We are lucky to have you here in the middle of our English Week activities.‎ ‎(1)As scheduled，we have English Talent Show today(我们今天将按照原定计划举行英语才艺展).The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.(2)The programme consists of the following activities(此项目包括以下活动)：recitation，singing，word spelling，storytelling and so on.The Show will begin at two o’clock this afternoon at the Student Centre.Dear guests，(3) you are welcome to take part in some activities(欢迎你们参加一些活动).I hope we students will benefit from your presence.‎ I sincerely wish you a pleasant time with us.Thank you.‎ 情景专练2‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2016·河南郑州一模)假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Andrew不久前去美国留学，他给你写信说很不适应那里的生活。请你根据以下提示用英语给他写一封回信，鼓励他勇敢面对。‎ ‎1.尊重当地的风俗习惯；‎ ‎2.与美国学生多交流；‎ ‎3.积极参加户外活动；‎ ‎4.注意与人交往时的礼仪。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ Ⅰ.记增分素材 ‎1.习惯于be/get used to/be accustomed to ‎2.参加involve oneself in/take part in/participate in/join in ‎3.正如谚语所说just as the saying goes ‎4.玩得高兴have fun/have a good time ‎5.与某人相处get along/on with sb.‎ Ⅱ.练高分句式 Dear Andrew，‎ How nice to hear from you again！(1)I think it is natural for you not to get used to the life there(我认为你不适应那儿的生活是很自然的).Here I have some suggestions for you.‎ First of all，you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives’ lives.Just as the saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.” Secondly，don’t be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with them.Friendship will bring you happiness.What’s more，it is better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your friends，(2) which may help you relax and have fun(这将有助于你放松和玩得高兴).Finally，mind your own manners and remain modest and honest when getting along with your friends.‎ I do hope my suggestions will help.(3) May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there(祝你适应新的生活，在那儿过得快乐).‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua