专题17完形填空之议论文、说明文类-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题17完形填空之议论文、说明文类-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列 ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 纵观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国6套卷中的完形填空中，议论文、说明文类完形填空出现的几率很小。但是，我们也不能马虎，它们作为高考题型的重要补充，还是有可能考的。因此，议论文、说明文类完形填空也要进行少量的练习。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 说明文完形填空 说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识,进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。‎ 说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来说明情况、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过介绍情况、说明事物的特征，给人以正确思想或科学知识。‎ 说明文完形填空一般的结构模式是：提出问题－发现直接原因－分析深层原因－得出结论或找到出路。考查学生对语言材料的理解能力、分析判断能力和逻辑思维能力。说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。考生容易摸清文章线索，抓住主题。‎ 议论型完形填空 ‎ 分析近几年的高考试卷，我们不难看出高考完形填空的体裁以记叙文为主，但也有个别省市考查了议论文。 ‎ 议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。夹叙夹议型完形填空的基本模式是：作者首先叙述一件事，然后就此提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。纯议论型完形填空的基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，提出看法。 ‎ 议论型完形填空有以下特点： ‎ ‎1、首句制胜，论点明确 ‎ 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 ‎ ‎2、结构清晰，脉络有序 ‎ 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。‎ ‎3、按一定的方法论证 ‎ 议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。 ‎ 二、议论型完形填空的应试技巧 ‎ ‎1、叙议有机结合 ‎ 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。 ‎ ‎2 、遵循狠抓首句原则 ‎ 对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。一项调查表明，英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。 ‎ ‎3、 理清文章的论点、论据和结论 ‎ 议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，就能将文章脉络把握好。然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。 ‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 英语完形填空在考查语法、表达法、词语搭配的基础上重点考查对语篇同容的整体理解、前后的逻辑关系的把握。经反复研究完形填空原题后，我们发现主要有以下考点：‎ 考点1. 考查语法规则 考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。例如： ‎ ‎“Can I? I don’t think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But l do have ______ when things come to me for no reason.”‎ A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments ‎【解析】由后面的when引导的定语从句可知，前面的先行词应是表时间的词，所以先moments。‎ 考点2. 考查固定搭配 考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在完形填空中时有出现。如：‎ I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ______ the telephone.‎ A. with B. by C. from D. on ‎【解析】表示“通过电话”交谈，说 on the telephone 或 by telephone，这是习惯搭配。‎ 考点3. 考查词语辨析 考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。如：‎ Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ______ qualities. First of all…‎ A. basic B. special C. common D. particular ‎【解析】根据句意很容易排除A和C；难辨是的B和D。special强调“与众不同的”，而particular指“值得注意的”，故选B。 ‎ 考点4. 考查行文逻辑 考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。如： ‎ Once he ______ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.‎ A. also B. nearly C. even D. only ‎【解析】从上下文看为了使教学有趣易懂，这位哲学教授不仅仅会借助oil paintings, music, and guest lectures等方式，“甚至”(even)在课堂上唱歌也就顺理成章了。递进关系。‎ 考点5. 考查经验常识 考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。如：‎ But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ______.‎ A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing ‎【解析】跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历。 ‎ ‎ 考点6.考查文章结构 考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。如：‎ First of all: I respected his devotion to teaching... : I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside die the classroom or talk.. .Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.‎ A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore ‎【解析】本文的写作结构很清楚。开篇点题一难忘的哲学教授；诸条陈述----何以难忘：前有First of all提起，后有Finally落脚，那么中间只有用Secondly来过渡了。‎ 考点7. 考查逻辑推理 考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。如：‎ He was reading my words out loud to the class…the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ______, but what I was feeling was pure happiness…‎ A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure ‎【解析】一个学生的作品被老师选中且在班上宣读时该会是怎样的心情?我们不难判断：愉快！‎ 考点8. 考查前后语境 考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。如：‎ ‎“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ______.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”‎ A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer ‎【解析】根据下文，这个妇女告诉他第二天可以去上班了，可见，她认为作者是适合(suit)的。 ‎ ‎【三年高考】 14、15、16高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考试题【未考】‎ ‎2017年高考试题【未考】‎ ‎2016年高考试题 ‎1.【2016·上海】Reading Comprehension Section A ‎    Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.‎ In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.‎ Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.‎ Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the ‎ team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.‎ ‎51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike ‎ ‎52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme ‎ ‎53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise ‎54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above ‎ ‎55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging ‎ ‎56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply ‎57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression ‎58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male ‎ ‎ 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing ‎ ‎60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating ‎ ‎61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared ‎62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally ‎ ‎63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure ‎64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene ‎65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness ‎【答案】51. D    52. A    53. B    54. D    55. C    56. B    57. A    58. D    59. A    60. C  61. B    62. B    63. D    64. A    65. C    ‎ ‎51.D 考查上下文串联。根据后半句“....will do anything to avoid it”可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能地逃避工作。故D项正确。‎ ‎52.A 考查上下文串联。短语to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了X理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。‎ ‎53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。‎ ‎54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。‎ ‎55.C 考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C正确。‎ ‎56.B 考查动词短语辨析。短语refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献；导致；object to反对；apply to适用于；亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故B正确。‎ ‎57.A 考查上下文串联。名词agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象；亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A正确。‎ ‎58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“....women will become more effective managers than men....”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D正确。‎ ‎59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故A项正确。‎ ‎60.C 考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势”，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce减少”符合上下文串联。‎ ‎61.B 考查短语辨析辨析。动词be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与..相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B正确。‎ ‎62.B 考查副词辨析。副词economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。‎ ‎63.D 考查动词辨析。动词deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。‎ ‎64.A 考查上下文串联。形容词virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的；根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。‎ ‎65.C 考查名词辨析。名词opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力；根据后半句中“‎ in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them”可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故C项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本篇完形填空对于上下文串联及词汇的复现进行了集中考查，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。‎ ‎ 如本文57题考查上下文串联。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A项名词“agreement同意、协议”正确。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎2015年高考试题 ‎1.【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.‎ Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!‎ When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.‎ People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.‎ On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.‎ As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.‎ ‎1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered ‎2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely ‎3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately ‎4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately ‎5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier ‎6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing ‎7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure ‎8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value ‎9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases ‎10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet ‎11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases ‎12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices ‎13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement ‎14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission ‎15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。‎ ‎1.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。‎ ‎3.C考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。‎ ‎4.A考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎5.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。‎ ‎6.D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。‎ ‎7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。‎ ‎8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care 可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。‎ ‎9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。‎ ‎10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。‎ ‎11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。‎ ‎12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。‎ ‎13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。‎ ‎14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。‎ ‎15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会现象类短文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题，主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析，同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上，对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析，同时还需要注意上下文的暗示，选出最符合文意的一项。‎ ‎2.【2015·重庆】B Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag（时差反应）.‎ Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31. ‎ For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.‎ ‎28. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate ‎29. A. suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to ‎30. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear ‎31. A. briefly B. slowly C. suddenly D. effectively ‎32. A. checking B. sending C. adjusting D. stopping ‎33. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. calm ‎34. A. though B. so C. whole D. or ‎35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。‎ ‎28.B 考查名词辨析。A flight航班； B change变化； C demand要求； D climate气候； 句意：慢慢地对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B项。‎ ‎29.A 考查动词短语辨析 suffer　from 遭受战争破坏的 work on 从事于；look into调查；lead to 导致；根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A项。‎ ‎30.B 考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性 B problem 问题在于 C waste浪费者 D fear恐惧；句意：游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B项。‎ ‎31.D 考查副词辨析。A briefly 简洁地址 B slowly慢慢地址 C suddenly 突然地址 D effectively有效地；句意：这有几种健康的方法，并且很有效。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎32.C 考查动词辨析。A checking 检查员 B sending送到 C adjusting 调整结构 D stopping停止播送 ‎ 句意：比如，在上飞机前，开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjust　to 把。。调整到，，故选C项。‎ ‎33.A 考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。Stay awake保持清醒，故选A项。‎ ‎34.D 考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此 B so 因此次 C while虽然如此 D or 否则；句意：在这种情况下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or表示转折，故选D项。‎ ‎35.B 考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle圈； C research 研究；D trend趋势；句意：这些建议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】日常生活类短文 ‎【名师点睛】本篇完形从日常生活中的细节入手，根据常识能够得出答案如28，33空。29和31根据语境得出答案，做此类题目时，考生可以先根据选项来阅读文章，认真筛选甄别，这样有的放矢，大大提高阅读的效率，不可盲目地跟着感觉来进行解读，文中的每句话都有其出现的意义，上下文的联系是十分重要的。‎ ‎3.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.‎ In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.‎ Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.‎ First Impression To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and ‎ had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.‎ As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.‎ The 60 Knows Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.‎ Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.‎ When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.‎ ‎51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise ‎52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial ‎53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle ‎54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created ‎55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions ‎56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions ‎57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall ‎58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature ‎59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question ‎60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand ‎61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior ‎62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted ‎63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals ‎64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess ‎65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：古代和现代的人追求不同，现代人追求的是爱，但是科学家依然对爱还不是很清楚。‎ ‎52. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 romantic  意为浪漫的，stressful 意为压力的，central  意为中心的， artificial 意为人工的。根据上一句话“life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting”及本句的“In modern times, finding love is ”，分析语境，知道这两个句子是把古代和现代的情况进行对比。前一句用了center ,后一句用central, 两者的关系是同根重现。‎ ‎53. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 priority 意为优先权，proof 意为证明，possibility  意为可能性，principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是：很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子，所以答案为proof. ‎ ‎54. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 tested 意为测试，imposed意为强加，changed  意为改变，created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. 确定了一件事情是：爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造，而不应该是测试，改变或者是强加。其中set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”，表示绝对不变。‎ ‎55. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 appearances 意为外表，virtues  意为美德，similarities意为相似，passions 意为激情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而opposites意为相反的，所以答案为相似的。‎ ‎56. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 illustrations 意为说明，implications 意为含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响，ingredients 意为成分，intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题First Impression （第一印象）以及后面所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。‎ ‎57. A 考查动词以及对语境的理解 predict 意为预测，investigate  意为调查，diagnose  意为诊断， recall 意为回忆。根据58题后面的judgment (判断)，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后面的句子“after nine weeks, they reported what happened. 9周之后，报道发生了什么事情？”可以知道这一些是还没有发生的事情，也就是预测到的东西。‎ ‎58. B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 critical 意为 批评的 ，initial 意为原始的  ，random  意为随意的， mature 意为成熟的。根据第57题预测的东西，那么预测的东西相对而言就是原始的，最初的判断。‎ ‎59. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解 memorize 意为记忆，distinguish  意为区别，negotiate   意为谈判， question意为疑问。根据前一句话的意思“结果证明他们最初的判断是正确的”，该句要表达的意思和前一句相同，也就是说“学生似乎能够在早期区别适合他们的生活人”。‎ ‎60. A 考查名词以及对语境的理解  Nose   意为鼻子，Eye    意为眼睛， Heart 意为心脏， Hand意为手。空格处的词是小标题，是对本段的高度概括。它往往在句首或句末找答案。在本段的最后两句话都提到了一个词smell（嗅觉），四个选项中和嗅觉有关的词只有A。‎ ‎61. A 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 open  意为开放的，alert  意为警觉的，resistant 意为抵抗的，superior 意为优越的。根据前面的搭配either… or…要么……，要么，表明此处是一个反义表达。前面使用的是战争，那么后面应该是一种开放，也就是坦诚以对。‎ ‎62. D 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 disappointed 意为失望的，amazed  意为惊奇的，confused  意为困惑的，gifted 意为有天赋的。根据In contrast（相反）以及后文“Although we may not be aware of chemicals 尽管我们没有意识到”， 结合上下文语境知道在这里表达人类没有像动物那么有天赋。‎ ‎63. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 emotion意为情感，attractiveness 意为吸引力，individuality  意为个人的 ，signals意为信号。根据上一句话最后一个单词attractive，结合上下文知道此处的答案和这个单词attractive是同根重现，所以答案是attractiveness.‎ ‎64. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 enhance 意为加强，possess 意为拥有，maintain  意为维持， assess 意为评定。该句是本段的总结，前面提到的是研究者做的吸引力实验，最后得出的结论就是我们评估吸引力的方法自动的。这是评估的方法，而不能是拥有，维持，或者是加强，所以答案为assess.‎ ‎65. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 familiar  意为熟悉，plain 意为普通的， positive 意为积极的， irritating 意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive积极的。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文，阐述什么是爱？‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方，如test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如58题和59题；要关注小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文，留意那些涉及到重现的题目。‎ ‎2014年高考试题 ‎【2014·重庆卷】 B ‎ Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28_______ them. Here are some 29_______ on how to fit in.‎ Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”‎ Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.‎ Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.‎ ‎【小题1】. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove ‎【小题2】. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices ‎【小题3】. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward ‎【小题4】. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction ‎【小题5】. A. but B. for C. so D. or ‎【小题6】. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated ‎【小题7】. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views ‎【小题8】. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文就如何适应文化差异提出一些建议。只有尊重差异才能适应差异。具体涉及情感表达、依着打扮及如何摆脱尴尬，等。‎ ‎【小题3】. 考查形容词词义及语境运用。每一个出国人员都会有尴尬的时候，因为他们的举止可能引发当地人的嘲笑。A. unsafe不安全的；B. excited激动的、兴奋的；C. satisfied满足的、满意的；D. awkward尴尬的。D项正确。‎ ‎【小题4】.考查名词词义及语境运用。从下文“一笑了之”可知，自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。 A. relief轻松、放松；B. belonging归属；C. humor幽默；D. direction方向。C项正确。‎ ‎【小题5】. 考查连词的语境运用。衣着也很重要，因为当地人会根据衣着来判断一个人。A. but表“转折”； B. for表“理由”；C. so表“结果”；D. or表“选择”。故B项正确。‎ ‎【小题6】. 考查动词词义及语境运用。根据宗教习惯，在中东国家衣着暴露是严格禁止的。A. forbidden禁止；B. allowed允许；C. expected期待；D. tolerated容忍。A项正确。‎ ‎【小题7】. 考查名词词义及语境运用。在东南亚国家。生气会让自己显得愚蠢，所以表达情感时要谨慎。A. emotions情感；B. concern担忧；C. interest兴趣；D. views观点。故A项正确。‎ ‎【小题8】. 考查形容词词义及语境运用。在一些国家当众亲吻是不合适的。A. natural自然的。本文更多谈及的是一些禁忌，故本项排除；B. advisable可建议（从事）的。排斥理由同A项；C. unwise不明智的；D. unnecessary不必要的。C项正确。‎ 考点：完形填空。‎ ‎【2014·广东卷】完形填空 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.‎ The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.‎ Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.‎ ‎【小题1】 A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar ‎【小题2】A. interest B. argument C. link D.knowledge ‎【小题3】A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked ‎【小题4】A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research ‎【小题5】A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing ‎【小题6】A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes ‎【小题7】A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful ‎【小题8】 A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly ‎【小题9】A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature ‎【小题10】A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills ‎【小题11】A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider ‎【小题12】A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust ‎【小题13】A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk ‎【小题14】A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop ‎【小题15】A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。讨论了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。‎ ‎【小题1】D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。父母觉得很难与青少年生活。然后青少年也有和父母相似的感受，说和他们一起生活不容易。 此处natural自然的；strong强壮的；guilty犯罪的；similar相似的。根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。 ‎ ‎【小题2】B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。此处interest兴趣；argument争论，争吵；link联系；knowledge知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。‎ ‎【小题3】C。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。 根据：扔在地板上的衣服，可知房间很凌乱。 此处noisy喧闹的；crowded拥挤的；messy杂乱的；locked上锁的。故选C。‎ ‎【小题4】B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服等这些都是家务方面的事。此处 homework作业；housework家务；problem难题；research 研究，调查。故选B。‎ ‎【小题5】C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上等一些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。 此处washing 洗；using 使用；dropping 落下；replacing 更换，替代。drop the towel 把毛巾掉在地上。故选C。‎ ‎【小题6】A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。此处approaches 方法，途径；contributions 贡献；introductions 介绍，入门；attitudes 态度；看法。下一句有approaches一词。故选A。‎ ‎【小题7】D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。 此处 complex 复杂的；popular 受欢迎的；scientific 科学的；successful成功的。接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。‎ ‎【小题8】A。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，父母先因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫，后来又为他们收拾房间。此处later后来；deliberately故意地； seldom很少；thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。‎ ‎【小题10】C。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。此处failures失败；changes变化；consequences结果；thrills 兴奋、震颤。故选C。‎ ‎【小题11】D。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。 此处defend防御；delay耽搁；repeat重复；reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，选D。‎ ‎【小题12】A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。此处communication 交流；bond结合； friendship友谊；trust信任。有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。‎ ‎【小题13】D。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母应和子女交谈 ，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。此处reply回答；attend参加；attach 附加、系；talk谈论。talk to和……交流。故选D。‎ ‎【小题14】B。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。此处 hate讨厌；scold责备；frighten 吓唬；stop停止。代入四个词分析，只有B符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【小题15】C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。此处 loving爱；observing观察；understanding理解；praising表扬。代入四个词分析， C更符合语境。故选C。‎ 考点：科普类阅读。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2015、2016、2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018模拟题 ‎1.【黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市五校联谊2018届高三上学期期末联】完形填空 I’ve suffered with serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember.‎ A couple of years ago I_____21_____what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive: every time I became____22____about something I couldn’t change, I’d do a casual act of ___23___. Things like losing money or not getting a promotion saw me_____24_____goods to our local food bank(食品赈济处).‎ At the____25____of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years. We climbed Mt. Teide.____26____ I stood at the top with a state of high altitude, ____27____in my brain seemed to burst. I felt_____28_____and came down that mountain as quickly as I could.‎ This anxious feeling about the_____29_____in the early June lasted, but I went back to work and didn’t _____30_____. I knew scares didn’t ______31______the problem. I actually removed ‎ my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street. I was_____32_____. I went to the supermarket and_____33_____, which kept me cool. I lost some money, but I thought it was only money.‎ When I got home, I turned on the computer. Beyond my______34______, I found this site and the smile______35______ through surfing on the web. In the _____36_____were these smiles card which I’d never heard of. So here I am.‎ I changed my______37______ acts plan after the early June trip, for every day I was anxiety-free. I’d do something to say thank you to life for a good day. By now I’ve _____38_____ food for humans and pets in need of help, and helped strangers _____39_____ their shopping upstairs. The universe was possibly sending me a _____40_____ message with the smile cards.‎ ‎21. A. came up with B. broke away from C. put up with D. ended up with ‎22. A. happy B. concerned C. fearful D. angry ‎23. A. voluntary work B. charity C. shopping D. driving ‎24. A. lending B. throwing C. offering D. wasting ‎25. A. start B. middle C. end D. top ‎26. A. As B. Unless C. If D. Though ‎27. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything ‎28. A. pleased B. helped C. excited D. worried ‎29. A. hiking B. climb C. flight D. race ‎30. A. wait B. leave C. panic D. hesitate ‎31. A. find B. consult C. reject D. solve ‎32. A. frightened B. calm C. disappointed D. sad ‎33. A. shouted B. cried C. worked D. shopped ‎34. A. reach B. ability C. expectation D. touch ‎35. A. cards B. pictures C. words D. videos ‎36. A. drawer B. web C. room D. book ‎37. A. serious B. casual C. general D. wasteful ‎38. A. donated B. exchanged C. sold D. stolen ‎39. A. sell B. buy C. find D. lift ‎40. A. bad B. attractive C. positive D. passive ‎【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了自己克服焦虑和气愤的方法，保持积极乐观的经历。‎ ‎21.A几年前，我想出了一个我自认为能保持积极乐观的好办法。根据句意可知选A。come up with提出； break away from从…脱离； put up with忍受； end up with以…结束。‎ ‎22. D联系上文提到的我的问题serious social anxiety and anger problems。可知每次我对于不能改变的事情生气时，我会做慈善。故选D。happy快乐的；concerned担心的；fearful害怕的； angry生气的。‎ ‎23. B联系下句goods to our local food bank我把物品给当地的食品赈济处。可知我做的是慈善。故选B。voluntary work志愿工作；charity慈善； shopping购物；driving驾驶。‎ ‎24.C像丢钱或者没有升职这样的事情见证了我提供物品给当地的食品赈济处。根据句意可知选C。lend借； throw扔； offer提供； wast浪费。‎ ‎25. A联系下段的in the early June 可知这里的时间是六月初。故选A。start开始； middle中间； end 结束；top顶端。‎ ‎26. A当我站在海拔高度很高的山顶时，我脑子里好像有东西要爆炸。根据句意可知选A。As当，因为，随着，作为； Unless除非；If如果；Though尽管。‎ ‎27. C我脑子里似乎有东西要爆炸出来。故用something。选C。nothing没有东西； everything每样东西； something某个东西； anything任何东西。‎ ‎30. C联系下句，害怕不能解决问题，可知作者回去工作了，没有恐慌。故选C。wait等待； leave离开； panic恐慌；hesitate犹豫。‎ ‎31. D因为我知道害怕不能解决问题。根据句意可知选D。find发现；consult咨询；reject拒绝；solve解决。‎ ‎32. B联系上句，我知道害怕解决不了问题，我甚至拿掉耳机和街上认识的人说话，可知我很镇静。故选B。frightened感到害怕的； calm镇静的，冷静的； disappointed失望的； sad伤心的。‎ ‎33. D我去超市购物，这帮助我镇静。根据句意可知选D。shout大叫； cry哭，喊； work工作，起作用； shop购物。‎ ‎34. C联系下文these smiles card which I’d never heard of.这些笑容卡是我之前从未听说的，可知我发现这个网站和笑容卡是意料之外的。beyond expectation出乎预料，意外。故选C。reach到达，触及；ability能力；expectation期望，期待；touch触摸。‎ ‎35. A联系下文these smiles card which I’d never heard of.，可知我发现了这个网站和笑容卡。故选A。cards卡； pictures图片； words单词，话语； videos视频。‎ ‎36. B联系上句surfing on the web 可知这些笑容卡在网站里。故选B。drawer抽屉，内村； web网；room房间；book书。‎ ‎37. B联系上文的I’d do a casual act of ，可知六月初的旅行之后我改变了这种casual的行为计划。故选B。serious严重的，严肃的； casual偶然的，随意的； general一般的，总的； wasteful浪费的，挥霍的。‎ ‎38. A到目前为止，我给需要帮助的人和动物捐赠食物，并帮助陌生人提东西上楼梯。故选A。donate捐赠； exchange交换； sell卖；steal偷。‎ ‎39.D这里根据语境可知，我帮助谋陌生人提东西上楼梯。故选D。sell卖；buy买；find发现； lift举起，抬起，振奋精神。‎ ‎40. C联系文章开头what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive作者是想找到保持积极乐观的计划。根据句意，宇宙可能用笑容卡给我发了一条积极的信息。故选C。bad坏的； attractive有吸引力的； positive积极的； passive被动的，消极的。‎ ‎2.【四川省德阳市2018届高三一诊】‎ I live in a rural community in the United States. A rural area is different from a city because there are____21____people. My home is deep in a valley_____22_____by mountains that are rocky and covered in trees.____23____ many farms are located in rural areas because they require large plots of land to grow food or____24____farm animals, in my community the mountains and____25____soil make it difficult to farm. This is one ___26___ why few people live in my area.‎ What’s it like to live in the mountains? Since we have a lot of_____27_____, we get to have horses and chickens. My family_____28_____eggs from the chickens for breakfast. We also lose electricity a lot because the trees fall on power lines whenever there’s a ____29____. In my community, people keep battery- powered flashlights and oil lamps stored in case the lights ____30____. Some people also use a generator-- a machine that generates electricity from gasoline—whenever there are ____31____.‎ Going to school in a rural area means having fewer classmates and_____32_____longer distances. To get to my high school, I must drive forty miles to the_____33_____city. This means I must get up much earlier than my____34____classmates in order to be on time. The roads in my community aren’t paved with asphalt(沥青) either, so during storms they_____35_____become too muddy or snowy to pass. In cities a snowplow(扫雪机)_____36_____quickly, but areas where fewer people live aren’t the priority(优先), so days can pass before a snowplow____37____the road. Sometimes I must miss school because storms make it ____38____to drive.‎ I am not sure____39____if I want to live in the country or in the city when I grow up. I like being in nature, hearing the creek and the birds, and having a big yard. I also like being in the city, though, where I can go howling or skating, or see my friends. It can get____40____in the country, although I do love being around our animals.‎ ‎21. A. few B. many C. fewer D. more ‎22. A. surrounded B. hidden C. shadowed D. enriched ‎23. A. When B. While C. Because D. If ‎24. A. feed B. grow C. train D. house ‎25. A. rich B. muddy C. rocky D. snowy ‎26. A. explanation B. cause C. excuse D. reason ‎27. A. space B. room C. place D. land ‎28. A. lays B. harvests C. buys D. picks ‎29. A. storm B. thunder C. lighting D. shower ‎30. A. put out B. wear out C. run out D. go out ‎31. A. dangers B. risks C. emergencies D. incidents ‎32. A. walking B. running C. driving D. traveling ‎33. A. nearby B. distant C. nearest D. farthest ‎34. A. rural B. city C. old D. new ‎35. A. can B. may C. must D. should ‎36. A. comes by B. comes about C. comes to D. comes out ‎37. A. cleans B. digs C. clears D. covers ‎38. A. likely B. necessary C. improper D. impossible ‎39. A. still B. yet C. even D. as ‎40. A. quiet B. lonely C. alone D. busy ‎【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. B ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过自己的亲身经历，和城市进行对比，分析了在农村居住的好处和不足。‎ ‎21. C此处指农村地区和城市地区不同，因为人比较少。根据常识可知农村不像城市人口密集，故选C. few很少的； many许多的； fewer较少的； more更多的。‎ ‎22. A根据deep in a valley和by mountains可知作者的家在被山包围的山谷深处，故选A. surround包围； hide隐藏； shadowed遮蔽； enrich丰富。‎ ‎23. B上句说农村人少偏僻，下文说许多农场都在农村地区，前后句是转折关系，故选B. When当……时候； While然而； Because因为； If如果。‎ ‎24. D此处指农场需要大块的土地来种粮食和给家畜提供住处，故选D. feed喂养； grow种植； train培养； house给……房子住。‎ ‎25. C此处指在作者的家乡，山脉和岩石土壤使农场难以耕种。上文by mountains that are rocky给了提示，故选C. rich富有的； muddy泥泞的； rocky岩石的； snowy下雪的。‎ ‎26. D家乡的土壤不适合耕种，这是家乡人少的原因。reason通常指产生某种行为或想法的推理上的理由，而cause通常指导致某一事件发生的起因。故选D. explanation解释； cause原因，起因； excuse借口； reason原因。‎ ‎27. A此处指住在农村的好处，有大空间，有马和鸡。故选A. space空间； room房间； place地方； land陆地。‎ ‎28. B我们家养着鸡，所以收获鸡蛋作为早餐，故选B. lay放置； harvest收获； buys购买； pick选择。‎ ‎31. C此处指无论什么时候有紧急事件时，一些人也使用一种通过烧汽油发电的发电机。故选C. danger危险； risk冒险； emergencie紧急事件； incident事件。‎ ‎32. D在农村上学意味着有较少的同学和走较远的距离，‎ 因为人烟稀少，学校少，所以上学很远。此处并没有说上学的具体交通方式，只是总说。故选D. walk步行； run跑； drive驾驶； travel走步。‎ ‎33. C上高中时作者要开车四十英里到达最近的城市，这是为了说明上学路途远，故选C. nearby附近的；distant遥远的； nearest最近的； farthest最远的。‎ ‎34. B为了按时上学，必须比城市里的同学更早起床。表示对比，故选B. rural农村的； city城市的；old古老的；new新的。‎ ‎35. A农村的道路不是沥青路，所以雨雪天会变得非常泥泞。根据句意选A. can能，会； may可以； must必须； should应该。‎ ‎36. A在城市里，下雪后扫雪机会很快经过，把雪扫干净。故选A. come by经过； come about发生； come to谈到； come out出现。‎ ‎37. C此处指扫雪机清除积雪，使路面干净。故选C. clean打扫； dig挖； clear清除； cover覆盖。‎ ‎38. D因为农村道路雨雪后泥泞，雨雪使道路不能开车，作者不能去上学。故选D. likely很可能的； necessary必要的； improper错误的；impossible不可能的。‎ ‎39. B still常用于肯定句中，表示“某事正在进行中”，一般与现在时态或进行时态连用。也可用在疑问句或否定句中，在否定句中须放在否定词not之前。 yet表示“某事尚未发生”，多用于否定句或带否定词的陈述句中。此处用于否定句，表示我现在仍然不确定，故选B. still仍然； yet仍然； even甚至； as因为，随着。‎ ‎40. B因为农村人少，所以尽管我喜欢和动物在一起，但农村会让人寂寞。故选B. quiet安静的； lonely寂寞的；alone独自的； busy忙碌的。‎ ‎【河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期一调考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Do you ever feel like you are studying a mad rush of one subject after another? When things happen at such a ___21___ pace, it is easy to lose sight of what you are learning. It is important to ___22___ every now and then to think about what you’ve been learning.‎ Self reflection means stopping the mad rush and ___23___ yourself so your brain can evaluate what it has already ___24___. Some people prefer to do their self reflections ___25___, while others keep a journal. Either method can work, depending on what your own personal ___26___ is.‎ School textbooks are often divided into units. This can make it ___27___ for someone to begin the process of self reflection. Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study. Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is ___28___ because there is some kind of test or quiz. Use these ‎ natural ___29___ as opportunities to stop and reflect.‎ You should find a ___30___ place—anywhere without noise is OK. This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something ___31___ and the other students are still working. If you are going to take notes, take out your journal. Write down some notes on things that you ___32___ learned in this unit. Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some ___33___.‎ Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections ___34___ new information can quickly appear when you ___35___ it again. Next, think about things that you still wonder about. ___36___ maybe you learned about a certain body system, but you don’t ___37___ how it works with the other body systems. Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem, but you’re not sure when to use it. Writing down your ___38___ will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you ___39___ the same topic.‎ Self reflection is an essential skill for a ___40___ student. If you have never taken the time to reflect, try it now.‎ ‎21. A. steady B. fast C. relaxing D. unique ‎22. A. change B. check C. stop D. exercise ‎23. A. calming B. enjoying C. behaving D. helping ‎24. A. dealt B. forgotten C. found D. received ‎25. A. personally B. mentally C. slowly D. directly ‎26. A. pace B. grade C. skill D. style ‎27. A. quick B. necessary C. easy D. hard ‎28. A. finished B. divided C. interrupted D. covered ‎29. A. breaks B. tests C. units D. periods ‎30. A. safe B. familiar C. quiet D. comfortable ‎31. A. correctly B. finally C. early D. independently ‎32. A. actively B. newly C. rapidly D. carefully ‎33. A. choices B. decisions C. connections D. improvements ‎34. A. in case B. so that C. even if D. as though ‎35. A. seek B. share C. show D. need ‎36. A. In general B. Of course C. For example D. As usual ‎37. A. know B. doubt C. believe D. remember ‎38. A. opinions B. methods C. worries D. questions ‎39. A. come across B. get through C. think of D. take away ‎40. A. talented B. successful C. serious D. young ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. B ‎【解析】本文为说明文。主要介绍自我反思的定义，如何帮助学生学习。‎ ‎21. B　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。根据前文的one after another判断，应选B。steady“稳步的”；fast“快的”； relaxing“令人放松的”；unique“独一无二的，唯一的”。‎ ‎22. C　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。根据前文的learn，此处应是检查一下。故选C。change“改变”；check“检查”；stop“停止”；exercise“锻炼”。‎ ‎23. A　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。根据前文的学习那么快，此处应是让自己平静下来。故选A。calming“使……平静”；enjoying“喜欢”；behaving“做”；helping“帮助”。‎ ‎24. D　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。“……大脑能评估它接收的东西”。故选D。dealt“对付，处理”；forgotten“忘记”；found“发现”；received“收到，接收”。‎ ‎25. B　本空考查副词基本含义的辨析。与下文的keep a journal相对应，应是心理上记下，故选B。personally“个人地”；mentally“心理上地”；slowly“慢慢地”；directly“直接地”。‎ ‎26. D本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。“……依赖于你个人的风格(特性)”。故选D。pace“步伐”；grade“年级”； skill“技能”； style“风格”。‎ ‎27. C　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。“这能使某人开始自我反思很容易”。make it easy for sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事容易”。根据前文的教科书被分成几部分判断，选D。A. quick 迅速的； B. necessary 必要的； C. easy容易的； D. hard困难的。‎ ‎28. A　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。与下文的test or quiz相对应，应是这部分完成了。故选A。finished“完成”；divided“分开”；interrupted“打断”；covered“覆盖”。‎ ‎29. A　本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。根据前文的finish和test等判断，利用这种停顿。故选A。breaks“停顿”；units“单位”；tests“测试”； periods“时期”。‎ ‎30. C　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。根据下文的without noise可知填C。A. safe 安全的； B. familiar 熟悉的； C. quiet 安静的； D. comfortable舒适的。‎ ‎33. C　本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。这里是让新旧知识相连，也可参考下一段的connection。故选C。choices“选择”；decision“决定”；connections“连接”；improvements“改进，提高”。‎ ‎34. B本空考查连词基本含义的辨析。空后是前一分句的结果，故选B。in case“万一”； so that“以致于”；even if“即使”；as though“好像”。‎ ‎35. D　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。“如果你再需要的时候……”。故选D。seek“追求”；share“分享”；show“展示”；need“需要”。‎ ‎36. C　本空考查介词短语基本含义的辨析。下文是前面观点的例子，故选C。in general“一般来讲”；of course“当然”；for example“例如”；as usual“像平常一样”。‎ ‎37. A　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。“……但是你不知道它是如何工作的。”故选A。know“知道”；doubt“怀疑”；believe“相信”；remember“记忆”。‎ ‎38. D　本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。根据下文的answers判断选D。opinions“意见”； methods“方法”；worries“担忧”; questions“问题”。‎ ‎39. A　本空考查动词短语基本含义的辨析。根据下文的the same判断选A。come across“遇到”；get through“通过”；think of“想起”；take away“带走”。‎ ‎40. B本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。根据文意，自我反思是一个成功学生的基本技能。故选B。talented“有天赋的”； successful“成功的”; serious“严肃的，认真的”； young“年轻的”。‎ ‎2017模拟题 ‎【吉林省实验中学2017届高三下学期第八次模拟】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Lita CabEllut is one of Spain’s most successful artists, “My 　　　　21　　　　 was like that of thousands of street kids around the world.” says Lita. She used to 　　　　22　　　　 the streets of Barcelona with other homeless children and 　　　23　　　 in the open air.‎ Lita was 　　　24　　　 in a village in Aragon, north-east Spain, in 1961.While she was a baby, her mother 　　　25　　　Barcelona. She was left with her grandmother—but 　　　　26　　　　she spent most of her time out on the　　　　27　　　　.‎ ‎　　　28　　　, she says that “art was there because art is 　　　　29　　　　 around us”, but she didn’t think about it in a　　　　　30　　　　　sense ---she was focused on 　　　　　31　　　　　.‎ Lita’s grandmother 　　　　　32　　　　　when she was about 10 years old and she 　　　　　33　　　　　  a Barcelona orphanage（孤儿院）before being 　　　　　34　　　　　 by “a beautiful Catalan family” two years later.‎ She didn’t　　　　　35　　　　　 much about them, except that they 　　　　36　　　　her to art. They took her to Madrid’s Prado museum, and showed Goya’s works to her. Her adopted family 　　　　37　　　　Lita to keep painting---they 　　　　　38　　　　　paid for private teachers to make up for 　　　　39　　　　time. She slowly made progress at school, started to listen to the “voice of art” and 　　　　　40　　　　　to study hard.‎ ‎21.‎ A. hobby B. skill C. dream D. childhood ‎22.‎ A. move B. wander C. leave D. cross ‎23.‎ A. drank B. sang C. slept D. danced ‎24.‎ A. born B. cured C. invited D. admired ‎25.‎ A. moved to B. stayed in C. passed by D. backed off ‎26.‎ A. in favor B. in danger C. in person D. in reality ‎27.‎ A. beds B. streets C. tables D. grasses ‎28.‎ A. Knowing B. Training C. Remembering D. Forgetting ‎29.‎ A. badly B. finally C. never D. always ‎30.‎ A. sad B. bad C. formal D. humorous ‎31.‎ A. arrival B. survival C. eagerness D. patience ‎32.‎ A. died B. bit C. ran D. played ‎33.‎ A. kept pace with B. ended up in C. took charge of D. got hold of ‎34.‎ A. adopted B. matched C. shown D. recognized ‎35.‎ A. finish B. admit C. mind D. tell ‎36.‎ A. attached B. contributed C. introduced D. added ‎37.‎ A. discouraged B. taught C. encouraged D. shocked ‎38.‎ A. yet B. just C. still D. even ‎39.‎ A. closing B. lost C. available D. spare ‎40.‎ A. decided B. pretended C. preferred D. abandoned ‎【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.B32.C33.C34.A35.D36.C37.C38.D39.B40.A ‎【解析】本文为 介绍说明文。文章介绍了西班牙最成功的艺术家Lita CabEllut。‎ ‎21.考查名词辨析。A. hobby爱好；B. skill技能；C. dream梦想；D. childhood童年。句意：我的童年和全世界成千上万的街头孩子的童年是一样的。故选D。‎ ‎22.考查动词辨析。A. move移动；B. wander闲逛；C. leave离开；D. cross穿过。句意：她曾经在巴塞罗那的街道上与其他无家可归的孩子闲逛。故选B。‎ ‎24.考查动词辨析。A. born出生；B. cured治愈；C. invited邀请；D. admired羡慕。句意：1961年，丽塔出生在西班牙阿拉贡东北部的一个村庄里。故选A。‎ ‎25.考查动词词组 辨析。A. moved to搬到；B. stayed in待在；C. passed by路过；D. backed off后退。句意：当丽塔还是个婴儿的时候，她的母亲就搬到了巴塞罗那。故选A。‎ ‎26.考查介词词组辨析。A. in favor赞同；B. in danger处于危险中；C. in person亲自；D. in reality事实上。句意：她被留给了祖母，但是事实上，她大多数的时间是在……上度过的。故选D。‎ ‎27.考查名词辨析。A. beds床；B. streets大街；C. tables桌子；D. grasses草地。根据语境可知，此处指“她大多数的时间是在大街上度过的”。故选B。‎ ‎28.考查动词辨析。A. Knowing知道；B. Training训练；C. Remembering记得；D. Forgetting忘记。句意：回顾过去，她说“当然，艺术是存在的，因为……”故选C。‎ ‎29.考查副词辨析。A. badly糟糕地，非常；B. finally最终；C. never从不；D. always总是。句意：因为艺术总是围绕着我们。故选D。‎ ‎30.考查形容词辨析。A. sad伤心的；B. bad坏的；C. formal正常的；D. humorous幽默的。句意：但从某种意义上将，她并没有考虑过这件事。故选C。‎ ‎31.考查名词辨析。A. arrival到达；B. survival生存；C. eagerness渴望；D. patience耐心。句意：她正忙于生存。故选B。‎ ‎32.考查动词辨析。A. died死亡；B. bit咬；C. ran跑；D. played玩。句意：丽塔的祖母在她10岁左右时去世了。故选A。‎ ‎33.考查动词词组辨析。A. kept pace with跟上；B. ended up in以……结束；C. took charge of 负责；D. got hold of握住。句意：她最终住进了巴塞罗那孤儿院。故选B。‎ ‎34.考查动词辨析。A. adopted收养；B. matched匹对；C. shown展示；D. recognized辨认。句意：两年后被“美丽的加泰罗尼亚家庭”收养。故选A。‎ ‎35.考查动词辨析。A. finish完成；B. admit承认；C. mind介意；D. tell讲。句意：她没有告诉太多他们的事情。故选D。‎ ‎36.考查动词辨析。A. attached系，贴；B. contributed贡献；C. introduced使……接触；D. added增加。句意：除了他们让她接触了艺术，她没有告诉太多他们的事情。故选C。‎ ‎37.考查动词辨析。A. discouraged阻止；B. taught教；C. encouraged鼓励；D. shocked（使）震惊。句意：领养她的家人鼓励丽塔画画。故选C。‎ ‎38.考查副词辨析。A. yet仍旧；B. just仅仅；C. still仍然；D. even甚至。句意：他们甚至花钱为她雇私人教师。故选D。‎ ‎39.考查形容词辨析。A. closing结尾的；B. lost失去的；C. available可获得的；D. spare空闲的。句意：他们甚至花钱为她雇私人教师来弥补失去的时间。故选B。‎ ‎40.考查动词辨析。A. decided决定；B. pretended假装；C. preferred更喜欢；D. abandoned放弃。句意：她在学校慢慢进步，开始听“艺术之声”，决定努力学习。故选A。‎ ‎【黑龙江省大庆实验中学2017届高三考前得分训练（三）】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ It's true that “A small change can make a big difference” in our life. A better technical term that can well 　　　21　　　 this idea is the “Butterfly Effect”. A butterfly's 　　　22　　　 wings can make changes in the path of a tornado; it may 　　　23　　　 create or prevent a tornado at a certain location.‎ The “Butterfly Effect” plays a role in our 　　　24　　　 to a great extent. Small 　　　25　　　 could make a huge difference in our relationships. Most of the time we take things for granted in our 　　　26　　　 relations. We don't even think of saying “Thank You” to our parents as we 　　　27　　　 they are supposed to do things for us. Understanding some of the subtle（细腻的）feelings of our loved ones and 　　　28　　　 them the way they need would 　　　29　　　 change the relationship into a stronger one. I've come across people who feel 　　　30　　　 in their relationships as they 　　　31　　　 to address these small needs.‎ The “Butterfly Effect” also plays a role in our work. Looking 　　　32　　　 into the smallest details while starting a 　　　33　　　 is critical. A subtle mistake while taking care of our customer's 　　　34　　　 could end up creating big trouble at the end of the process. This would mean a huge expense to 　　　35　　　 at the final delivery stage.‎ Every morning, the time it takes me to 　　　36　　　 to my office depends on what time I start from my home. It usually takes 30 minutes if I start at 7:20 am. It takes more than a(n) 　　　37　　　 if I start at 7:30 am. At first I was 　　　38　　　 how just a 10-minute difference initially could add more than 30 minutes to the journey. 　　　39　　　 , the number of vehicles that come out on the road increases more than twice due to that 10-minute 　　　40　　　 and it looks like butterflies crowding on the road. Yes, this is nothing but the “Butterfly Effect”.‎ ‎21.‎ A. develop B. absorb C. explain D. shape ‎22.‎ A. white B. tiny C. long D. flat ‎23.‎ A. even B. yet C. only D. ever ‎24.‎ A. education B. experience C. needs D. relationships ‎25.‎ A. excuses B. conditions C. gestures D. promises ‎26.‎ A. normal B. close C. public D. cultural ‎27.‎ A. believe B. expect C. doubt D. declare ‎28.‎ A. entertaining B. educating C. analyzing D. supporting ‎29.‎ A. possibly B. frequently C. definitely D. suddenly ‎30.‎ A. satisfaction B. pressure C. sympathy D. anger ‎31.‎ A. forgot B. pretended C. failed D. refused ‎32.‎ A. carefully B. differently C. proudly D. calmly ‎33.‎ A. journey B. race C. discussion D. project ‎34.‎ A. tasks B. requirements C. decisions D. adventures ‎35.‎ A. correct B. discover C. collect D. express ‎36.‎ A. walk B. drive C. ride D. move ‎37.‎ A. week B. month C. day D. hour ‎38.‎ A. pleased B. confident C. confused D. patient ‎39.‎ A. In fact B. Above all C. In general D. At once ‎40.‎ A. detour B. deed C. delight D. delay ‎【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.D34.B35.A36.B37.D38.C39.A40.D ‎【解析】本文为议论文。在我们的生活中，一个小小的改变可以产生巨大的影响。本文论述了“蝴蝶效应”对我们的人际关系、工作和生活的影响。‎ ‎23.考查副词辨析。A. even甚至；B. yet仍旧；C. only仅仅；D. ever曾经。句意：它也许甚至制造或阻止某个地方的龙卷风。故选A。‎ ‎24.考查名词辨析。A. education教育；B. experience经验；C. needs需求；D. relationships关系。根据下文Small ___5___ could make a huge difference in our relationships.可知，此处指“在很大程度上，‘蝴蝶效应’在我们的人际关系中扮演的角色”。故选D。‎ ‎25.考查名词辨析。A. excuses借口；B. conditions条件；C. gestures举止；D. promises许诺。句意：小的举止会对我们的人际关系产生巨大的影响。故选C。‎ ‎26.考查名词辨析。A. normal正常的；B. close亲密的；C. public公共的；D. cultural文化的。根据下文的We don't even think of saying “Thank You” to our parents as…可知，此处指“大多数时候，在与我们有亲密关系的人们之间，我们认为一些事情是理所当然的”。故选B。‎ ‎27.考查动词辨析。A. believe认为；B. expect期盼；C. doubt怀疑；D. declare宣布。句意：我们甚至不想对我们的父母说“谢谢你”，因为我们认为他们应该为我们做的那些事情。故选A。‎ ‎28.考查动词辨析。A. entertaining使快乐；B. educating教育；C. analyzing分析；D. supporting支持。句意：了解我们的亲人的一些微妙的感情，支持他们需要的方式……故选D。‎ ‎29.考查副词辨析。A. possibly可能地；B. frequently经常地；C. definitely一定；D. suddenly突然地。句意：了解我们的亲人的一些微妙的感情，支持他们需要的方式一定能把我们关系变得更强。故选C。‎ ‎30.考查名词辨析。A. satisfaction满意；B. pressure压力；C. sympathy同情；D. anger愤怒。句意：我遇到过在人际关系中感到有压力的人。故选B。‎ ‎31.考查动词辨析。A. forgot忘记；B. pretended假装；C. failed不能；D. refused拒绝。句意：因为他们没能解决这些小的需求。故选C。‎ ‎32.考查副词辨析。A. carefully仔细地；B. differently不同地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. calmly镇定地。句意：仔细地观察一下那些最小的细节。故选A。‎ ‎33.考查名词辨析。A. journey旅行；B. race竞赛；C. discussion讨论；D. project项目。本段主要在探讨“蝴蝶效应”对我们工作的影响，因此此处应指“开展一个项目的时候”。故选D。‎ ‎34.考查名词辨析。A. tasks任务；B. requirements需求；C. decisions决定；D. adventures冒险。根据语境可知，此处指“顾客的需要”。故选B。‎ ‎35.考查动词辨析。A. correct更正；B. discover发现；C. collect收集；D. express表达。句意：这意味着在最后交付阶段要花费巨大的费用来进行改正。故选A。‎ ‎36.考查动词辨析。A. walk步行；B. drive开车；C. ride乘车；D. move移动。根据下文的the number of vehicles that come out on the road increases more than twice due to that 10-minute可知，此处指“开车去上班”。句意：每天早上，开车去办公室要花多少时间取决于从家里什么时候出发。故选B。‎ ‎37.考查名词辨析。A. week周；B. month月；C. day天；D. hour小时。根据语境可知，此处指“如果我上午7:30出发，可能需要1个多小时才能到办公室”。故选D。‎ ‎38.考查形容词辨析。A. pleased高兴的；B. confident自信的；C. confused困惑的；D. patient耐心的。句意：起初，我很困惑，最初的10分钟的不同怎么会让旅途增加了30分钟。故选C。‎ ‎39.考查介词词组辨析。A. In fact事实上；B. Above all首先；C. In general一般；D. At once立刻。句意：事实上，由于10分钟的……出现在道路上的车辆数量增加两倍以上。故选A。‎ ‎40.考查名词辨析。A. detour弯路；B. deed行为；C. delight高兴；D. delay耽误。根据语境可知，此处指“10分钟的耽误”。故选D。‎ ‎【安徽师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期期中】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎【题文】读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ In a world where comparisons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be 41 with who you are. There's always someone who's a bit 42 . The only solution is to reach 43 and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more 　44 measure for comparison than who you were yesterday, last week or last decade, when you were at your 45 . ‎ ‎  Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others. 46 you see yourself as better than someone and you get 47 , or you see someone else as better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for 48 . It is a fool's game. Not one of us is 49 alike. The only direct and honest comparison is 50 yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges. ‎ ‎  My opinion is that you are only 51 to compare yourself to someone else if their life 52 is the same as your own. Good luck finding that match. And one thing is for sure. No matter how hard you work and how 53 you are, there will always be someone who can run a little faster, jump a little higher, score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit. And if there's not, you can 54 someone is coming up fast behind you. So how can you always win in life? Become your best 55 . ‎ ‎   Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to 56 you to the next level. If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today. Who 57 if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn't make a bit of 58 . You are a more fit person today than you were yesterday. Your own 59 is all you need. ‎ ‎  If you 60 to a slightly higher standard of yourself every day, you will always be at the top of your game. ‎ ‎41. A. patient B. strict C. content D. concerned ‎42. A. stronger B. wiser C. lazier D. better ‎43. A. out B. up C. inside D. outside ‎44. A. accurate B. careful C. useful D. powerful ‎ ‎45. A. end B. best C. side D. convenience ‎46. A. Whether B. If C. Once D. Either ‎47. A. lazy B. inspired C. busy D. satisfied ‎ ‎48. A. fun B. nothing C. sure D. success ‎49. A. really B. fully C. exactly D. actually ‎50. A. to B. by C. for D. within ‎ ‎51. A. allowed B. suggested C. instructed D. directed ‎52. A. Position B. situation C. occasion D. accommodation ‎53. A. diligent B. dedicated C. optimistic D. addicted ‎ ‎54. A. declare B. conclude C. announce D. bet ‎ ‎55. A. assistant B. coach C. competitor D. teacher ‎56. A. lead B. push C. expose D. cause ‎57. A. wonders B. says C. cares D. asks ‎58. A. difference B. sense C. change D. effort ‎ ‎59. A. benefit B. result C. habit D. progress ‎ ‎60. A. commit B. devote C. tend D. contribute【解析】‎ ‎41. C形容词辨析。A耐心的；B 严格的；C 满意的；D担心的。在文中作者建议人们不要和别人比，从情理可知和别人比较时，如果你不如别人你会对自己失望，不满意。故C选项正确。句意：看到自身外部并感到满意是很难的。‎ ‎42. D 形容词辨析。A.更强壮的；B. 更明智的 ；C. 更懒惰的；D.‎ ‎ 更好的。此处没有具体说明是在哪方面进行比较，所以只是笼统的说你会发现别人要比你好，而不具体到身体或者智力等方面，所以我们可以排除A，D选项，C选项为贬义词，故也可以排除，正确选项D。句意：总会有人比你更好一点。‎ ‎43. C介词辨析。A外面；B向上；C内部，里面的；D外部，外面的，；从下面的 inner yardstick“内在的尺度”可以判断应该是深入自己内心，根据华伦巴菲特所说的你自己内在的尺度去衡量自己。所以C选项正确。‎ ‎44.A形容词辨析。A 精确的； B仔细的；C有用的；D 强大的。从词义搭配上可知修饰名词衡量标准的词应该是精确，准确accurate。没有更为精确的衡量标准了。选项A正确。‎ ‎45. B 名词辨析。A 结束，尽头；B 最好（状态）；C边，面；D方便，便利。从情理可知人们要和自己过去比的话，应该是和过去最佳时期进行比较，而且文章中Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing…也是此处的一个提示，故正确答案是B。‎ ‎46. D 形容词辨析。A是否；B 如果； C一旦；D或者，也。从下文可知此处是固定搭配，either…or，此处是表示当你看到自己比别人要强的时候，指一方面，所以正确答案为D。‎ ‎47. A形容词辨析。当你看到自己比别人要强的时候，你会沾沾自喜，从而引发自身惰性，所以选lazy，答案为A.‎ ‎48.B 名词辨析。A fun 开心；；B nothing 没有；C fsure 确信的；D成功。从情理可知当你看到别人比你好的时候，你会有挫败感，从而觉得自己的努力都白费了，for nothing，白费，免费；故B选项正确。‎ ‎49.C 副词辨析。A.真的；B. 满的；C.确切的 D.实际上，事实上；每个人的确都是不一样的，因此答案选C.‎ ‎50. D 介词辨析。A. 对；B通过，凭借；C 为了，因为；D 在…内。从文章第一段说明要和昨天的自己。上周的自己或者是10年前的自己去比较，用自己内在的衡量标准去衡量自己，所以在此应该是自己内在的比较，故D选项正确。‎ ‎51. A 动词辨析。A 允许；；B建议；C教导，指导；D指挥，指导，指示。在此作者是说出可以和别人相比较的情况 ，即允许自己和别人相比较的情况。句意：我的观点是你只可以与那些和你生活状况一样的人去比较。故A选项正确。‎ ‎52. B 名词辨析。A位置，姿势；B情形，局势；C 时刻，场合；D 住宿，住处。从常识可知和别人比较要在同等情况下进行比较，也就是生活情形相同的，否则没有可比性，life situation生活状况，其他词不和life构成搭配。所以A选项正确。‎ ‎53. B 形容词辨析。A.勤奋的；B. 投入的; 献身的; C.乐观的，积极地；D.上瘾的；无论你多么努力，多么投入，总会有人跑得更快，跳的更高，……因此答案选B.‎ ‎54. D 动词辨析。A宣布；B 得出结论；C声明；D打赌，确定，肯定。从情理可知一个人不可能总是做的最好，即使现在没人比你强，肯定也有人在背后努力会超过你的，所以D选项正确。you can bet that。。意思为肯定，毫无疑问。‎ ‎55. C 名词辨析。A 助手；B教练；C竞争者，对手；D 教师。作者强调不要和别人去比，要自己和自己比，要让今天的自己超越昨天的自己，所以自己才是自己的对手，故C选项正确。‎ ‎56. B 动词辨析。A 导致；B推，鞭策；C使…暴露；D 造成。从下文If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today.昨天跑了七段楼梯那么今天就跑八段楼梯可知此处是给自己定下目标，鞭策自己进步，所以B选项正确。句意：自己心中有一个最近达到过的极限是最好的东西，它可以敦促自己朝下一个高度前进。‎ ‎57. C 动词辨析。A疑惑，想知道；B 说；C在乎，关心；D问。从上文可知作者要人们做到自己一天比一天进步，而不去和别人比，不去在意别人的进步，所以C选项正确。句意：如果你旁边的小伙子跑了15段楼梯谁又在乎呢？‎ ‎58. A 名词辨析。A不同，区别；B 感觉，意识；C变化，零钱；D努力。文章告诉我们的是：别人做的再好和我们毫无关系，我们只和自己去比较，所以即使你跑7段楼梯，别人跑15段那和我们一点关系都没有，Make a different意思为起作用，有影响；make a sense 有意义，行得通；make efforts 努力；make a change 做出改动，故正确答案为A。‎ ‎59. D 名词辨析。A 益处，好处；B结果；C习惯；D 进步，进展。从上文每天多跑一段楼梯可知此处是指进步，句意：你自己的进步就是你所需要的全部。故D选项正确。‎ ‎60.A 动词短语搭配。A 致力于，投身于；B. 献身于; C.倾向于 D.促成，导致。如果你每天致力于对自己的要求标准更高一点，你就会一直是赢家。故答案为A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 巧解完形填空题，考生必须进行通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合所学词法、句法和常识进行分析判断。‎ 比较常见的解题方法有：复现解题法，语法结构法，语境信息解题法，文中有多个题目都是，比如47，52,等；逻辑语气解题法等等。,‎ 考点：考查生活哲理类短文。‎ ‎2016年模拟题 ‎1.【河南省重点中学协作体2016届高三第二次适应性考试】完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Some adults spend a lot of time trying to stop children playing. They are usually people who think of play as being the    41    of work and therefore a waste of time. For humans, work is a way of getting food to eat, and like humans,    42    must spend time doing the    43    things. Regardless of this, children    44    playing, and so do other young animals. It is quite    45    to keep both a small child and a young cat    46    for hours with a piece of paper.‎ ‎ Hunting may be the most obvious skill    47    in play, but it is far from being the only one. Lambs and goat kids play    48   , although they will never    49    anything other than some grass. But for these young animals too,    50    is an important part of learning. Sheep and goats are    51   hill and mountain animals. Running and skipping exercise young legs and develop a strong sense of    52    that will keep them safe on the steepest rocks.   53    animals play, is not so different.    54    trees and catching flies are not the most obvious training for the adult world, but the flexibility    55    in these activities is similar to that required of a bus driver or businessman. ‎ ‎ What we know about animals shows us that playing is a very good way of    56   , so maybe one of the best ways for    57    to learn is also by playing. Children find playing is fun, but    58   notice that they are also learning at the same time. Most people continue to play games long after they have become    59   , and perhaps that is because we rely so much on our    60    to learn.‎ ‎41. 【小题1】A. reward            B. opposite               C. basis                            D. nature ‎42. 【小题2】A. animals           B. children                 C. parents                 D. cats ‎43. 【小题3】A. same                  B. ordinary                C. dull                        D. chief ‎44. 【小题4】A. delay               B.‎ ‎ regret                       C. enjoy                          D. ignore ‎45. 【小题5】A. possible         B. necessary                  C. reasonable           D. difficult ‎46. 【小题6】A. annoyed         B. alarmed                C. amazed                D. amused ‎47. 【小题7】A. kept                 B. practiced                C. tested                          D. required ‎48. 【小题8】A. endlessly        B. clumsily                 C. crazily                   D. aggressively ‎49. 【小题9】A. hunt                 B. plant                      C. learn                      D. catch ‎50. 【小题10】A. jump                B. work                      C. play                       D. walk ‎51. 【小题11】 A. strangely         B. initially                   C. naturally                D. equally ‎52. 【小题12】A. direction         B. space                       C. distance               D. balance ‎53. 【小题13】A. Based on           B. Compared with    C. Inspired by           D. Developed form ‎54. 【小题14】A. Climbing         B. Growing                C. Watering               D. Cutting ‎55. 【小题15】A. reduced          B. allowed                 C. damaged                    D. needed ‎56. 【小题16】A. learning          B. exercising             C. improving             D. growing ‎57. 【小题17】A. adults                B. creatures               C. humans                  D. students ‎58. 【小题18】A. generally         B. hardly                    C. possibly             D. truly ‎59. 【小题19】A. mature            B. wise                      C. athletic                  D. strong ‎60. 【小题20】A. flexibility          B. liberty                    C. responsibility              D. curiosity ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于说明文，讲述了玩耍在人的成长中的重要作用，把人和动物相比，玩耍在动物中也起着很重要的作用。‎ ‎41. 【小题1】B 考查名词辨析。名词reward奖励；奖赏；opposite相反的事物；basis基础；nature天性，自然；一些成年人花很多时间阻止儿童玩，他们通常是那些认为玩是工作相反的事情，因此他们认为玩是浪费时间。故B正确。‎ ‎44. 【小题4】C 考查生活常识。动词delay延迟；regret遗憾，后悔；enjoy喜欢；ignore忽视。本句的主语是children，所有的孩子都很喜欢玩耍。和成年人不一样。故C项正确。‎ ‎45. 【小题5】A 考查形容词辨析。形容词possible可能的；necessary必要的；reasonable合情合理的；difficult困难的；让一个小孩和小猫连续几个小时玩一张纸是可能的。本句表示动物和孩子很喜欢玩耍，故A正确。‎ ‎46. 【小题6】D 考查形容词辨析。形容词annoyed恼怒的；alarmed惊慌的；amazed惊讶的；amused娱乐的；本句使用keep....amused让...娱乐，表示让小猫连续几个小时玩一张纸。故D正确。‎ ‎47. 【小题7】B 考查动词辨析。动词keep保持；practice练习；test测试；require要求；本句中skill与practice构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词做定语。句意：打猎也许是在玩耍中练习的最明显的技巧。在玩耍中练习打猎。故B正确。‎ ‎48. 【小题8】A 考查副词辨析。副词endlessly没有尽头地；clumsily笨拙地；crazily疯狂地；aggressively有侵略性地；羊羔和小山羊喜欢没有尽头地玩耍，尽管他们除了草之外什么也不猎取。故A正确。‎ ‎49. 【小题9】A 考查动词辨析。动词hunt打猎；plant种植；learn学会；catch抓住；羊羔和小山羊喜欢没有尽头地玩耍，尽管他们除了草之外什么也不猎取。故A正确。‎ ‎50. 【小题10】C 考查名词辨析。名词jump跳跃；work工作；play玩耍；walk步行；对于这些小动物来说，玩耍是学习的一个重要的组成部分。根据第一段可知本文主要讲述的是玩的作用。故C正确。‎ ‎51. 【小题11】C 考查副词辨析。副词strangely奇怪地；initially开始，最初；naturally自然地；equally平等地；绵羊和山羊是天生的山地动物。故C正确。‎ ‎52. 【小题12】D 考查名词辨析。名词direction方向；space空间；distance距离；balance平衡；横线后句 that will keep them safe on the steepest rocks.让他们在陡峭的岩石上很安全，这说明他们有很好的平衡感，不会摔倒。故D正确。‎ ‎53. 【小题13】B 考查固定搭配。短语based on以...为基础；compared with与...相比；inspired by....受...鼓励；与动词相比较，玩耍并没有不同的地方。故B正确。‎ ‎54. 【小题14】A 考查动词辨析。动词climb攀登；grow生产，种植；water浇水；cut砍；爬树抓苍蝇并不是成人世界中最明显的训练。爬树就是上文所讲的玩耍。故A正确。‎ ‎55. 【小题15】D 考查动词辨析。动词reduce减少；allow允许；damage破坏；need需要；在爬树和抓苍蝇这样的活动之后的灵活性与公交车和商人所需要的灵活性是一致的。‎ ‎56. 【小题16】A 考查名词辨析。名词learning学习；exercising锻炼；improving改善；growing种植，成长；对动物来说玩是一种学习的好方法，也许对人类来说最好的学习方法就是玩耍。故A正确。‎ ‎57. 【小题17】C 考查上下文串联。名词adult成年人；creature生物；students学生；根据本段最开始what we knows about animals对动物来说玩就是一种学习的好方法，同样的道理，对人来说，玩也是学习的好方法。故C正确。‎ ‎58. 【小题18】B 考查副词辨析。副词generally通常说来；hardly几乎不；possibly可能地；truly真实地；儿童认为玩耍很有趣，但是他们几乎注意不到他们同时也在学习。故B正确。‎ ‎59. 【小题19】A ‎ 考查形容词辨析。形容词mature成熟的；wise聪明的；athletic运动的；strong强烈的；很多人在成熟以后仍然继续在玩耍。这些与children相呼应。故A正确。‎ ‎60. 【小题20】D 考查名词辨析。名词flexibility灵活性；liberty自由；responsibility责任心；curiosity好奇；很多人在成熟以后继续玩，也许那是因为我们很好奇。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎2.【吉林省松原市油田高中2016届高三上学期第三次模拟】‎ Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time 41 in many ways.‎ ‎ Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a 42 _ meaning to the event. It is not a _ 43 to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, _ 44 he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that something is urgent and 45_ immediate attention.‎ The same meaning is 46 _ telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he may think it is a _ 47 of life or death. The time chosen for the call 48_ its importance.‎ ‎ In social life, time plays a very 49 _ part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the 50 _ to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not 51 _ in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far _52 because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be 53 ___ .‎ The meaning of time 54 _ from place to place in the world. 55 _, misunderstandings often arise between people from different cultures that 56 _ time differently. For example, promptness (准时) is 57_ greatly in American life. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as 58 _ or not fully responsible. In the US, no one would think of keeping a business partner 59 _ for an hour; it would be too rude. A person who is five minutes late is 60 _ to make a short apology.‎ ‎41. A. wastes B. runs C. travels D. communicates ‎ ‎42. A. precious B. ridiculous C. special D. rare ‎ ‎43. A. deal B. custom C. problem D. duty ‎44. A. whenever B. though C. once D. while ‎ ‎45. A. requires B. escapes C. pays D. gives ‎46. A. compared with B. covered with C. devoted to D. attached to ‎ ‎47. A. matter B. story C. game D. view ‎ ‎48. A. reduces B. ignores C. stresses D. doubts ‎49. A. different B. significant C. small D. equal ‎ ‎50. A. plan B. wish C. gift D. invitation ‎ ‎51. A. useful B. true C. clear D. grateful ‎52. A. on time B. at length C. by chance D. in advance ‎ ‎53. A. forgotten B. remembered C. canceled D. opposed ‎54. A. rushes B. separates C. varies D. keeps ‎ ‎55. A. Meanwhile B. Thus C. Otherwise D. Besides ‎ ‎56. A. make B. kill C. treat D. save ‎57. A. valued B. complained C. seized D. influenced ‎58. A. helpless B. desperate C. impolite D. unlucky ‎ ‎59. A. working B. waiting C. approaching D. thinking ‎ ‎60. A. expected B. forced C. refused D. blessed ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于议论文，主要告诉我们在不同的文化中，时间都有着不一样的意义。‎ ‎41. D 考查动词辨析。动词waste浪费；run经营，奔跑；travel旅行；communicate传达；表明；沟通；时间也会说话.比起语言来说,时间的诉说更加平淡.时间能够通过许多途径以自己的方式与人们交流.ABC三项与上下文不搭配。故D正确。‎ ‎43. B 考查常识。名词deal交易；custom风俗习惯；problem问题；duty责任；在美国,人们一般不会在大清早打电话.因为大清早上人们要吃早饭，刮胡子等等其他的事情要做。清晨打电话并不是美国的风俗。故B正确。‎ ‎44. D 考查连词。本句中while引导时间状语从句，表示两件事情几乎同时发生，如果你在大清早打电话给别人，在那时别人真正刮胡子，你打电话的时间说明这是一件很紧急的事情。AB项引导让步状语，C项引导条件状语。根据句意说明这是一个时间状语。故D正确。‎ ‎45. A 考查动词辨析。动词require要求；escape逃跑，逃脱；pay付钱；give给；如果你在大清早打电话给别人，在那时别人真正刮胡子，你打电话的时间说明这是一件很紧急的事情，这样的事情要引起立刻的关注。故A正确。‎ ‎46. D 考查短语辨析。短语be compared with比作...；与...相比；be covered with覆盖着...；be devoted to致力于；be attached to隶属于，热爱；同样的事情可以和晚上11点以后的电话相比。也就是说大清早上的电话和半夜的电话都说明事情很紧急。都含有特殊的含义。故D正确。‎ ‎47. A 考查名词辨析。名词matter麻烦事，重要的事情；story故事；game游戏；view观点，风景；如果一个人在入睡的时间接到电话,他有理由相信这通电话关乎生死.因为如此晚还打电话说明事情很紧急。故A正确。‎ ‎48. C 考查动词辨析。动词reduce减少；ignore忽视；stress强调；doubt怀疑；选择的打电话的时间强调了事情的重要性。本段讲述的正是打电话的时间的特殊含义。‎ ‎49. B考查形容词辨析。形容词different不同的；significant重要的；small微小的；equal平等的；在社会生活中，时间起着一个很重要的作用。根据上一段可知不同的时间代表不同的含义。故B正确。‎ ‎50. D 考查上下文串联。根据本句中guests和a dinner party可知是给客人的邀请，在美国，如果在聚会前三到四天才发邀请给客人，这会被认为是不尊敬的行为。故D正确。‎ ‎51. B 考查上下文串联。前句中说在美国如果在聚会前三到四天才发邀请给客人，这会被认为是不尊敬的行为。本句中的but表示转折，也就是说并不是在所有的国家里都认为提前三、四天发邀请会被认为是不尊敬的行为。本句转换not和all连用表示部分否定。故B正确。‎ ‎52. D 考查介词辨析。短语on time准时；at length详细地；by chance偶然；in advance提前；在其他国家过于提前邀请别人会被认为是愚蠢的行为，因为时间太早的邀请可能会被忘记。故D正确。‎ ‎53. A 考查动词辨析。动词forget忘记；remember记得；cancel取消；oppose反对。如果过早邀请对方，对方可能会忘记邀请的日期。故A正确。‎ ‎54. C 考查上下文串联。动词rush匆忙；separate把...分开；vary变化；keep保持；世界各地的时间的意义是不断变化的。也就是说在世界上的部同的地方，时间所表达的意义的不一样的。故C正确。‎ ‎55. B 考查副词辨析。副词meanwhile与此同时；thus结果是；otherwise否则，要不然；besides而且；正是因为不同国家的人对于时间的理解不一样，所以来自不同国家的人之间才会出现误会。上下文之间是因果关系，所以B正确。‎ ‎56. C 考查动词辨析。动词make生产，制作；kill杀死，消磨；treat对待，治疗；save节省，节约；因为来自不同的人对时间由不一样的理解，所以才会产生误解。故C正确。‎ ‎57. A 考查上下文串联。动词value珍惜，重视；complain抱怨；seize抓住，理解；influence影响；根据下一句If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as 58 _ or not fully responsible.可知在美国如果不准时，这个人会被认为是不负责任。所以准时是每个人很重视的行为。故A正确。‎ ‎58. C 考查上下文串联。根据横线后的not fully responsible不负责任，可知所填之词和该短语表示相近的含义，都应该是一个形容人的否定形容词，故C项impolite“没有礼貌”正确。‎ ‎59. B 考查上下文串联。因为美国人很守时，所以没有人会喜欢一个让人等一个多小时的人，这是很粗鲁的行为。四个选项中只有wait可以和介词for连用。‎ ‎60. A 考查动词辨析。动词expect期待，预料；force强迫；refuse拒绝；bless保佑；本句和前一句意义一致，都在说明守时的重要性。迟到五分钟的人都要做出道歉。故A正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在完成完形填空的时候，我们一定要精读第一句；因为它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。 这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：  ‎ ‎ 1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。 ‎ ‎  2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。   ‎ ‎  知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。比如1994年考题的首句是：   The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. ‎ ‎   这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论"词汇(word)"与"语言表达(language)"的关系。作者的态度通 过"first and smallest"就说明作者认为"词汇"对于"语言"的重要意义。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕"词汇"与"语言"的关系展开的。  ‎ 以本文第一句为例：Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time 41 in many ways. 时间也会说话.比起语言来说,时间的诉说更加平淡.时间能够通过许多途径以自己的方式与人们交流.说明本文讨论的话题就是“Time”，观点就是“在很多方面时间的意义都是不一样的”。文章接下来就围绕这两个话题展开叙述。‎ 考点：考查议论文阅读 ‎3.【广东省华南师范大学附属中学、广东实验中学、深圳中学、广雅中学四校2016届高三上学期期末联考】‎ I made a name for myself when I was about 26.‎ It never means anything 21 to me, but of course I can’t say I am free from vanity(虚荣). When a signing event was organized for my book at its 22 sale or when I was invited to deliver a speech at a meeting, I would be 23 and cheerful, especially if there were lots of participants.‎ ‎ 24 , I have never been controlled by such 25 , for I have my own idea of it. To me, a(n) 26 remains popular only for three seconds. This morning somebody 27 me on the way and said, “Ah, that’s Zhu Deyong!” I was glad to be 28 by a stranger and enjoyed myself, “ 29 , I am famous!” But such enjoyments 30 only three seconds. He passed by and turned to the person walking with him, “What shall we have for lunch?” No 31 of me any longer. Shall I 32 my life cherishing those three seconds? Is it necessary to make efforts to 33 such three-second enjoyments? No, I don’t want to.‎ As life is 34 and only comes around once, it is of great value to the person himself, but of no value to others. For most people, one’s name remains 35 only for three generations: one’s 36 generation, the second (your son may say “Ah, it’s my dad.”) and the third (your grandson may still 37 , “Ah, it’s my grandpa.”) If a member of the fourth generation is asked about you, he might be 38 , “Who is it?” If he is shown a picture of you, he might give it a glance, put it aside and 39 forget it. It amounts to nothing more than a 40 with an unknown name.‎ ‎21. A. impressive B. reasonable C. appropriate D. important ‎22. A. unique B. first C. best D. final ‎23. A. happy B. upset C. hesitant D. nervous ‎24. A. Likewise B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile ‎25. A. discouragements B. embarrassments C. excitements D. disappointments ‎ ‎26. A. speech B. name C. book D. event ‎27. A. saw B. hit C. patted D. introduced ‎28. A. spotted B. recognized C. noticed D. liked ‎29. A. Totally B. Above all C. Finally D. After all ‎ ‎30. A. maintained B. stayed C. lasted D. remained ‎31. A. mind B. idea C. thought D. memory ‎32. A. waste B. spare C. devote D. afford ‎33. A. reach B. acquire C. offer D. honor ‎34. A. easy B. ordinary C. tough D. short ‎ ‎35. A. welcome B. personal C. respectable D. known ‎36. A. past B. own C. future D. new ‎37. A. remember B. memorize C. remind D. believe ‎38. A. annoyed B. interested C. puzzled D. frightened ‎39. A. quickly B. seldom C. deliberately D. otherwise ‎40. A. friend B. writer C. grandpa D. stranger ‎21. D 考查上下文串联。形容词impressive印象深刻的；reasonable合理的；appropriate合适的；important主语的；根据26空To me, a(n) 26 remains popular only for three seconds.可知人的名字通常在人的思维中只存在三秒钟，说明名字对我们来说并不是重要的事情。故D正确。‎ ‎22. B 考查上下文串联。当我的书进行第一次签名售书活动或者我被邀请做演讲的时候，我会很开心，因为那时有很多人都会知道我的名字。这也是一件光荣的事情。本句中的at its first sale表示第一次签名售书活动，第二次或者第三次签名售书就 没有那么激动了，是习以为常的事情了。故B正确。‎ ‎23. A 考查上下文串联。根据前两句可知第一次签名售书或被邀请求演讲，很多人都知道了我的名字，这让我很高兴，因为这是一件光荣的事情，而且几乎人人都有一种虚荣心。故A正确。‎ ‎24. C 考查副词辨析。副词likewise同样地；therefore因此；however然而；meanwhile同时；根据后句：我不会被这样的兴奋所控制。说明上下文之间是转折关系，故C正确。‎ ‎25. C 考查名词辨析。名词discouragement泄气；embarrassment尴尬；excitement兴奋；disappointment失望；第一次签名售书和背邀请做演讲这都是让人兴奋的事情，但是作者很冷静。没有被这些虚荣心控制。故C正确。‎ ‎26. B 考查上下文串联。在文章第一段中主要讲述的是名字对我们的意义，作者清醒地知道名字的价值。对我来说名字只是一个符号而已，只会流行三秒钟而已。故B正确。‎ ‎27. A 考查动词辨析。动词see看见；hit击中；pat拍；introduce介绍；今天早晨有人在路上遇见我并认出了我。BCD三项与上下文不符，只有A项符合句意。‎ ‎28. B 考查上下文串联。根据前句This morning somebody 27 me on the way and said, “Ah, that’s Zhu Deyong!”可知我被别人认出来了。所以使用recognize表示“认出”。故B正确。‎ ‎29. D 考查副词辨析。副词totally总共，攻击；above all首先，最重要的是；finally最后，终于；after all毕竟；作者在街上被人认了出来，这让他很高兴，毕竟有名气是一件光荣的事情。故D正确。‎ ‎30. C 考查上下文串联。攻击根据后一句He passed by and turned to the person walking with him, “What shall we have for lunch?”他从旁边经过对身边的说：中午吃什么？说明别人并没有把我当回事。有点名气也不是什么大不了的事情。所以我的兴奋也没有持续很长时间。故动词last“持续”符合上下文串联。‎ ‎31. C 考查上下文串联。名词mind思维；idea观点；thought想法；memory记忆；对方转身和朋友谈论午饭的话题，已经不在你考虑我了。故C项“thought想法”与上下文一致。‎ ‎32. A 考查动词辨析。动词waste浪费；spare抽出，匀出；devote花费；致力于；afford承担得起；既然别人记得我的名字只有三秒钟，那我为什么要浪费使命去珍惜那没有意义的三秒钟的时间呢？根据上下文参考可知A正确。‎ ‎33. B 考查动词辨析。动词reach得到；acquire获得；offer提供；honor以...为荣；既然别人只记得我的名字三秒钟的时间，那么努力得到那三秒钟的快乐还有必要吗？根据句意说明B正确。‎ ‎34. D 考查形容词辨析。形容词easy容易的；ordinary普通的；tough艰难的；short短暂的。因为生命很短暂而且只有一次，使用对我们个人很重要，对其他人并没有意义。D项与后句comes around once相一致。‎ ‎35. D 考查形容词辨析。形容词welcome受欢迎的；personal个人的，私人的；respectable尊敬的；known为人所知的；根据下文可知我们的名字只为三代人所知。故D正确。‎ ‎36. B 考查常识。知道自己名字的只有三代人，第一代就是自己这一代人，第二代是我们孩子这一代，第三代是我们的孙子孙女这一代。所以本句使用own“自己的”。‎ ‎37. A 考查动词辨析。动词remember记得；memorize记忆；remind提醒；believe相信；我们的孙子可能还会记得我们。B项通常表示记忆知识等抽象内容。故A正确。‎ ‎38. C 考查形容词辨析。形容词annoyed恼怒的；interested感兴趣的；puzzled困惑的；frightened害怕的；如果问第四代的孩子我们的名字，他们会很困惑：他是谁啊？本句和上文一致，通常只有三代人记得我们的名字。故C正确。‎ ‎39. A 考查副词辨析。副词quickly迅速地；seldom很少；deliberately故意地；otherwise否则，要不然；如果给第四代的孩子看我们的照片，他们会迅速地看一眼，就放在一边然后很快就忘记了。故A正确。‎ ‎40. D 考查名词辨析。名词friend朋友；writer作家；grandpa爷爷；stranger陌生人；对他们来说我们只是一个有着不知道的名子的陌生人而已。ABC三项与全文意义不符。故D正确。‎ ‎ 考点：考查议论文阅读 ‎4.【广东省汕头市金山中学2016届高三上学期期末考试】‎ Here You Grow Again ‎“You’re having problems? No problem.”That’s what I try to tell myself when I begin to feel overwhelmed. And then I____21____myself that the only people I am____22____ who don’t have____23____are gathered in peaceful neighborhoods. There is never a____24____, never a moment of stress to ruin a day. All is calm. Most____25____have at least one such worry-free zone. We call them cemeteries (墓地). ‎ But if you’re still____26____, you have difficulties. It’s the way of life. And believe it or not, most of your problems may actually be____27____for you than you think. Let me explain. ‎ ‎ Maybe you have seen the Great Barrier Reef, ____28____some 1, 800 miles from New Guinea to Australia. Tour guides regularly take visitors to____29____the reef. On one tour, the guide was asked a question. “I notice that the lagoon(浅水湖) side of the reef looks____30____and lifeless, while the ocean side is lively and colorful, ”a traveler observed. “____31____is this?”‎ The guide gave an interesting answer, “The coral(珊瑚) around the lagoon side is in___32____water, with no challenge for its survival. It____33____early. The coral on the ocean side is constantly being____34____by wind, waves, storms—surges of power. It has to fight for____35____every day of its life. As it is challenged and tested it changes and____36____. It grows healthy. It grows strong. And it reproduces.”Then he added this telling note, “That’s the way it is____37____every living organism.”‎ Like coral____38____by the sea, we grow. ____39____demands can cause us to grow stronger. Mental and emotional stress can produce strength and determination. Spiritual testing can produce ____40____of character and faithfulness. ‎ ‎21. A. warn B. remind C. inform D. persuade ‎22. A. aware of B. ashamed of C. concerned about D. worried about ‎23. A. purposes B. troubles C. plans D. opinions ‎24. A. wonder B. miracle C. care D. wish ‎25. A. campuses B. halls C. countries D. towns ‎26. A. worrying B. breathing C. thinking D. working ‎27. A. bigger B. smaller C. better D. heavier ‎28. A. covering B. running C. reaching D. stretching ‎29. A. view B. dig C. protect D. find ‎30. A. healthy B. pale C. strong D. colorful ‎31. A. how B. when C. why D. what ‎32. A. dirty B. cold C. deep D. still ‎33. A. grows B. dies C. rests D. settles ‎34. A. tested B. washed C. cleaned D. killed ‎35. A. nutriment B. development C. survival D. energy ‎36. A. enlarges B. breaks C. disappears D. adapts ‎37. A. for B. with C. on D. in ‎38. A. struck B. flooded C. swallowed D. supported ‎39. A. Social B. Emotional C. Spiritual D. Physical ‎40. A. feature B. result C. strength D. influence ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文阐述了在我们的人生中会经常遇到挫折, 但是这些挫折会使我们更加具有能力。大堡礁上经常受到海水冲击的珊瑚生命力更加旺盛, 但是那些没有受海水冲击的反而会死得更早。‎ ‎21. B 考查动词辨析。动词warn警告；remind提醒，使...想起；inform通知；persuade说服；“你遇见问题了吗？没有问题！”这是当我感觉无助的时候告诉我们自己的话，作者用这些话鼓励自己。我提醒我们知道我所认识的没有遇见麻烦的人是在那一片宁静的社区：cemetery(墓地)。也就是说死人才不会有麻烦，活着的人都会遇见问题。故B正确。‎ ‎23. B 考查上下文串联。根据文章第一句“You’re having problems? No problem.”可知本文讲述的是人遇见困难的问题，应该持有的态度。所以使用名词trouble与problem形成呼应。故B正确。‎ ‎24. C 考查名词辨析。名词wonder奇迹，奇观；miracle奇迹；care关爱，关心；wish希望，愿望；与上文中的problems, troubles和后面的stress等呼应, 指没有任何关心的事情。‎ ‎25. D 考查常识。名词campus校园；hall大厅；country国家；town镇；本句是指每个小镇都会有一个墓地，墓地里的死人是没有烦恼的。A项不符合常识，C项范围太大了。故D正确。‎ ‎26. B 考查上下文串联。根据第一段内容可知：只有死人才不会有烦恼。所有的活在的人都会遇见困难。所有本句中...is still breathing就是指还活在的人。故B正确。‎ ‎27. C 考查上下文串联。形容词bigger更大；smaller更小；better更好；heavier更严重；根据下文内容可知大堡礁上经常受到海水冲击的珊瑚生命力更加旺盛, 但是那些没有受海水冲击的反而会死得更早。说明大部分的问题对我们是有好处的，能让我们生活得更好。故C正确。‎ ‎28. D 考查动词辨析。动词cover覆盖；run运营，奔跑；reach达到；stretch延伸；从后面的some 1, 800 miles from New Guinea to Australia可知这里指大堡礁绵延1 800英里。ABC三项有上下文含义不一致。故D正确。‎ ‎29. A 考查常识。动词view观看；dig挖；protect保护；find发现；导游常常带着游客去观看大堡礁。导游带来游客观看风景是很正常的事情。大堡礁不是游客挖出来的，CD两项与上下文也不搭配。故A正确。‎ ‎30. B 考查形容词辨析。形容词healthy健康的；pale苍白的；strong强壮的，坚强的；colorful五颜六色的；游客问导游为什么浅水湖中的珊瑚很苍白，而深海里的珊瑚却五颜六色。形容词pale和后一句中的colorful形成对比。故B正确。‎ ‎31. C 考查上下文串联。根据20空后一句On one tour, the guide was asked a question.可知游客发现来了一个现象，并提出一个问题。故C项why is this？为什么会这样？C项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎32. D 考查上下文串联。形容词dirty脏的；cold寒冷的；deep深的；still不动的，安静的；根据with no challenge for its survival.可知在浅水湖中的珊瑚的生存没有挑战，应该是在静止的水里才不会有挑战。如果海水很汹涌，那么珊瑚的生存会遇见挑战。故D正确。‎ ‎33. B 考查动词辨析。动词grow生长；die死亡；rest休息；settle定居，解决；珊瑚在没有遇见挑战的情况下，会很早就死去。所以在浅水湖里更多的是死珊瑚，颜色是没有活力的苍白色。故B正确。‎ ‎34. A 考查上下文串联。根据本句后半句by wind, waves, storms—surges of power.可知深海中的珊瑚受到风浪、暴风雨的考研和洗礼，要努力活下来，所以才会呈现出充满活力的颜色。同时根据35空后As it is challenged and tested...说明本句中test“考验”正确。‎ ‎35. C 考查上下文串联。名词nutriment营养；development发展；survival生存；energy能量，精力；深海中的珊瑚每天都要接受各种风浪、暴风雨等自然的考验，要为生存而努力。故C正确。‎ ‎36. D 考查动词辨析。动词enlarge扩大；break折断；disappear消失；adapt适应；当珊瑚受到各种考验的时候，它就要改变并适应环境的变化。故D正确。‎ ‎37. B 考查介词。在接受考验并不断地适应新环境的时候，珊瑚更强壮了，并进行繁殖，这也是它和每一种有机体一样的生存方式。根据空格前面的That’s the way it is和后面的every living organism可知with指的是这些情况适用于每一个活着的生物。遇见的困难让珊瑚生长得更好。故B正确。‎ ‎38. A考查动词辨析。动词strike撞击，敲击；flood涌入；swallow吞下；support支持，养活；从后面的by the sea, we grow可知这里指我们像珊瑚一样, 经常接受海水的撞击, 从而我们能够成长。故A正确。‎ ‎39. D 考查形容词辨析。形容词social社会的；emotional情绪的，情感的；spiritual精神上的，physical身体上的；根据下一句Mental and emotional stress can produce strength and determination.精神和情绪上的压力能够产生力量和决心。名词strength属于身体的范畴。故D正确。‎ ‎40. C考查上下文串联。前一句已经提到了Mental and emotional stress can produce strength and determination精神和情绪上的压力能够产生力量和决心，本句和上一句是同义句。因此选C。‎ 考点：考查议论文阅读 ‎5.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2016届高三下学期第六次月考】The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems 4 1 .‎ ‎ The origin of the eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated（孕育）by 42 .In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, 43 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were 44 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture 45 went overseas to Japan, 4 6 into the Japanese society and 47 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it 48 to the same system.‎ ‎ When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 49 on the Mesopotamian Plain（米索不达米亚平原） the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the 50 of the European culture. 51 the Chinese culture, the European one also 52 waters. When the colonists of England 53 in America, their culture went ‎ with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't 54 from the European one a lot.‎ ‎ At the same time, the 55 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic（象形文字的） languages while the Western languages are 56 based on the Latin system, for example, the one I'm using to write this paper.‎ ‎ Other factors like human race difference 57 as well. However, 58 the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom 59 until recent centuries. 60 they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.‎ ‎41. A. above all B. on the whole C. in all D. in no case ‎42. A. mountains B. plains C. lakes D. rivers ‎43. A. or B. for C. while D. when ‎44. A. developed B. improved C. created D. protected ‎45. A. suddenly B. quietly C. gradually D. naturally ‎46. A. mixed B. changed C. made D. forced ‎47. A. expanded B. interrupted C. ended D. shaped ‎48. A. comes B. belongs C. brings D. adds ‎49. A. brought up B. carried out C. given out D. picked up ‎50. A. result B. sign C. base D. content ‎51. A. Through B. Except C. With D. Like ‎52. A. affected B. spread C. crossed D. formed ‎53. A. joined up B. settled down C. broke down D. went up ‎54. A. come B. suffer C. result D. differ ‎55. A. distinction B. contact C. appearance D. feature ‎56. A. properly B. hardly C. simply D. mostly ‎57. A. last B. count C. reduce D. change ‎58. A. in terms of B. due to C. as to D. in case of ‎59. A. transform B. display C. communicate D. distinguish ‎60. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述了东西文化的形成过程以及造成差异的原因。‎ ‎43. C 考查连词。A. or或，或者，还；B. for因为；C. while然而； D. when当…时。在中国，母河是黄河，然而（while），印度的母河是Hindu。故选C。‎ ‎44. A考查动词。A. developed发展； B. improved提高； C. created创造； D. protected保护。‎ 这两种文化被发展（developed）了数千年，形成了她们各自的特色。故选A。‎ ‎45. C考查副词。A. suddenly突然地，忽然；B. quietly安静地，秘密地，平稳地；C. gradually逐步地，渐渐地；D. naturally自然地。然后中国在唐朝的时候，中国文化渐渐地（gradually）跨过海洋到了日本。故选C。‎ ‎46. A考查动词。A. mixed混合；弄混；B. changed改变； C. made做，使，安排； D. forced强迫。和日本的社会混合（mixed）在一起，形成了日本今天的文化。故选A。‎ ‎47. D考查动词。A. expanded扩大；B. interrupted打断；中断C. ended结束； D. shaped发展；成形。‎ 和日本的社会混合在一起，形成（shaped）了日本今天的文化。故选D。‎ ‎48. B考查动词。A. comes来自，从…来；B. belongs属于； C. brings带来；D. adds增加。虽然跟中国文化有一点不同，但是它属于（belongs）同一个系统。故选B。‎ ‎49. A考查动词短语。A. brought up提出，养育；B. carried out实施；C. given out发出，公布； D. picked up捡起。当这两条母河孕育东方文化的时候，另一个著名的文化在米索不达米亚平原也被养育（brought up）着。故选A。‎ ‎50. C考查名词。A. result结果；B. sign标志；C. base基础；D. content内容。这两种文化和欧洲基础（base）文化一样著名。故选C。‎ ‎51. D考查介词。A. Through通过，穿过，凭借；B. Except除…之外；C. With和…一起； D. Like跟…一样。跟中国文化一样（Like），欧洲文化也是跨在水上的。故选D。‎ ‎52. C考查动词。A. affected影响；B. spread传播；C. crossed交叉，越过；D. formed形成。跟中国文化一样，欧洲文化也是跨（crossed）在水上的。故选C。‎ ‎53. B考查动词短语。A. joined up加入了；B. settled down安顿下来；C. broke down打破，折断；D. went up上升；被建立。当英国的殖民者在美国安居下来（settled down）时，他们的文化跟随他们一起穿过了大西洋。故选B。‎ ‎54. D考查动词。A. come来；B. suffer遭受；C. result结果；D. differ相异。所以美国文化没有多少是来自（come）欧洲的。故选D。‎ ‎55. A考查名词。A. distinction区别，差别；B. contact接触，联系；C. appearance外貌，外观，出现，露面；D. feature特色，特征，容貌。同时，语言系统的区别（distinction）增加了文化的不同。故选A。‎ ‎56. D考查副词。A. properly适当地，正确地，恰当地；B. hardly几乎不，简直不，刚刚；C. simply简单地，仅仅，简直，朴素地，坦白地；D. mostly主要地，通常，多半地。然而，西方语言主要（mostly）依据于拉丁系统。故选D。‎ ‎57. B考查动词。A. last持续，维持，够用，持久；B. count计数，有价值；C. reduce减少，缩小，归纳为；D. change改变。其他因素像人类种族差异也有影响（count）。故选B。‎ ‎58. B考查介词短语。A. in terms of依据；B. due to由于，应归于；C. as to至于；D. in case of万一。然而，由于（due to）东西方之间的远距离和陡峭的区域，这两种文化在近几个世纪之前很少交流。故选B。‎ ‎59. C考查动词。A. transform改变；B. display显示，表现；C. communicate交流；D. distinguish区分，辨别然而。由于东西方之间的远距离和陡峭的区域，这两种文化在近几个世纪之前很少交流（communicate）。故选C。‎ ‎60. A考查连词。A. Therefore因此，所以；B. Meanwhile同时，其间；C. Furthermore此外，而且；D. However然而。因此（Therefore）他们完全以自己的方式长大,几乎没有其他的干扰。故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 完形填空题解题，必须进行通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合所学词法、句法和常识进行分析判断。‎ ‎1. 复现解题法：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。如42题中的river。‎ ‎2. 语法结构法： 这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词，当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。如43题中“In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, 43 the Indian one is the Hindu River.”前后两个分句是比较的关系，用while连接。‎ ‎3. 固定搭配解题法：这类题与语法结构题有点类似，但主要惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。如54题“So the American culture doesn't 54 from the European one a lot.”就需要知道短语come from的含义，这就要求对短语有一定的积累和保持敏感度。‎ ‎4.逻辑语气解题法：这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后，再分析句子与句子之间的关系，段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。如60题中的“ 60 they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.”与前一句是因果关系，所以用表示结果的连词therefore。‎ 考点：考查历史文化完形填空 ‎2015年模拟题 ‎【浙江省重点中学协作体2015届高三第二次适应性测试】‎ ‎ Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children identify 21 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 22 of that parent. The things parents do and say---and the 23 they do and say to them--therefore strongly influence a child's 24 . However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 25 they want their child to become.‎ ‎ A parent's actions 26 affect the self-image that a child forms 27 identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 28 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 29 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 30 positive qualities in themselves. Children may 31 their self-image, however, as they become increasingly 32 by peers groups standards before they reach 13.‎ Isolated(孤立的) events, 33 dramatic(突然的) ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 34 on a child's behavior. Children interact such events according to their established attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, 35 , accept the divorce of their parents' or a parent's early 36 . But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events 37 a sign of rejection or punishment.‎ In the same way, all children are not influenced 38 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 39 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 40 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.‎ ‎【小题1】 A. to B. with C. around D. for ‎【小题2】A. informed B. characteristic C. conceived D. indicative ‎【小题3】. A. gesture B. expression C. way D. Extent ‎【小题4】 A. behavior B. words C. mood D. reactions ‎【小题5】 A. person B. humans C. creatures D. adult ‎【小题6】. A. in turn B. nevertheless C. also D. as a result ‎【小题7】. A. before B. besides C. with D. through ‎【小题8】. A. eyes B. parents C. peers D. behaviors ‎【小题9】A. negative B. cheerful C. various D. complex ‎【小题10】A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing ‎【小题11】. A. modify B. copy C. give up D. continue ‎【小题12】. A. mature B. influenced C. unique D. independent ‎【小题13】. A. not B. besides C. even D. finally ‎【小题14】. A. idea B. wonder C. stamp D. effect ‎【小题15】. A. luckily B. for example C. at most D. theoretically ‎【小题16】. A. death B. rewards C. advice D. teaching ‎【小题17】. A. as B. being C. of D. For ‎【小题18】. A. even B. at all C. alike D. as a whole ‎【小题19】 A. Even B. Since C. Right D. As ‎【小题20】A. result B. effect C. scale D. Cause ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析： 本文主要讲述了父母的言行举止，影响孩子的行为。然而，父母希望他们的孩子成为他们想成为的类型。子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响。‎ ‎【小题2】考查形容词。informed“见多识广的，消息灵通的”；conceive“想象，怀孕”;indicative“指示的”;characteristic“特有的，表示特性的”。文中“....they have the qualities and feelings that are 22 of that parent”.意思是“……代表他父母特点的品质和情感”。故选B。‎ ‎【小题3】考查名词。gesture手势，expression表情，extent范围，这里way是指父母的行为方式。“The things parents do and say---and the 23 they do and say to them”父母亲做和说的事，和他们对孩子们做和说的方式。故选C。‎ ‎【小题4】考查名词。behavior行为，words语言，mood心情，reactions反应，“--and the 23 they do and say to them--therefore strongly influence a child's 24 ‎ ‎ .”这里是说父母的行为方式对孩子的行为影响强烈。根据题意，故选A。‎ ‎【小题5】考查名词。person人，human指人类，creatures指生物，adult指成年人；“ parents must consistently behave like the type of 25 they want their child to become.”这里是说父母必须始终如一地表现出想让他们的孩子成为的那种类型的人。故选A。‎ ‎【小题6】考查连词。in turn依次；nevertheless然而；also也，还；as a result结果。前面是说父母的言行会强烈地影响孩子的行为，这里 “A parent's actions 26 affect the self-image”是说父母的言行还影响孩子的自我形象，所以用连词also。故选C。‎ ‎【小题7】考查介词。before在...之前；besides除...之外；with和，随着；through通过，凭借；这里 “A parent's actions 26 affect the self-image that a child forms 27 identification.” 是说孩子通过鉴别身份形成自我形象，因此选择through。故选D。‎ ‎【小题8】考查名词。eyes眼睛；parents父母；peers同龄人；behaviors行为；Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 28 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. 句意：看到他们的父母身上的优点的孩子可能将学会用一种积极的方式来看待自己。故选B。‎ ‎【小题9】考查形容词。negative消极的：cheerful 高兴的；various各种各样的；complex复杂的；Children who observe chiefly 29 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 30 positive qualities in themselves.句意：那些看到父母身上消极品质的孩子们很难在自己身上看到积极的品质。可以推测出此处要选positive的反义词negative。故选A。‎ ‎【小题10】考查固定用法。have difficulty(in)doing sth.“做……有困难”； “....will have difficulty 30 positive qualities in themselves”.很难在自己身上看到积极的品质。故选B。‎ ‎【小题11】考查动词。modify修改，修饰；give up放弃；copy复制；continue持续；‎ 由however可以看出，这句话的意思是对前面“子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响”的转折。 “Children may 31 their self-image ”孩子会改变他们的自我形象。B、C、D意思与题意不符，故选A。‎ ‎【小题12】考查形容词。influenced受影响的；mature成熟的；unique惟一的；independent独立的。“as they become increasingly 32 by peers groups standards before they reach 13.”句意：因此，在13岁之前，他们会越来越受同龄人群体的标准影响。故选B。‎ ‎【小题13】考查连词。not 不； besides 此外；even甚至；finally最后。“Isolated(孤立的) events, 33 dramatic(突然的) ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 34 on a child's ‎ ‎ behavior.”句意：孤立的事件，甚至是富有戏剧性的事，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。故选C。‎ ‎【小题14】考查固定搭配。 have an effect on“对……产生影响”。“do not necessarily have a permanent 34 on a child's behavior.”不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。故选D。‎ ‎【小题15】考查连词。 luckily幸运地； for example例如；at most至多；theoretically理论上； 逗号后面的一句是对前句的解释，是举例说明，故选for example。‎ ‎【小题16】考查名词。 death死亡； rewards报答；advice建议；teaching教学。 这里or与连接的两个词都应是意义相似的令人不愉快的事，选项中与divorce相对应的词只有death。故选B。‎ ‎【小题17】考查介词。 interpret与as搭配，意为“把……理解为。“But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events 37 a sign of rejection or punishment.”句意：但如果孩子觉得没有被爱，他们会把这样的事件作为一个拒绝或惩罚的标志。故选A。‎ ‎【小题18】考查副词。 even甚至；at all根本，简直； alike同样地；as a whole整体上；“ In the same way, all children are not influenced 38 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs.句意：并不是所有的孩子同样地都受到玩具、游戏、读物、电视节目的影响。故选C。‎ ‎【小题19】考查连词。Even即使；Since 自从；Right立刻，马上；As 正如；A、B项选择是感叹词，后面多用逗号。Right在意思上不合适。故选D。‎ ‎【小题20】考查名词。result结果；effect影响；scale刻度；cause原因； 39 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 40 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.句意：家庭关系的突然变化或某种经历对孩子的影响取决于他们对这些事如何理解。故选B。‎ 考点：考查议论文阅读。‎ ‎【英语卷(解析)·2015届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次联考试卷（201408）】第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ You had better learn to be grateful. If you are grateful, you naturally 36 yourself up to receive all kinds of blessings and good things in life. You can receive almost everything you want 37 . If you want recovery soon, start by feeling grateful that you are still 38 . If it is more money that you want, start being grateful for whatever 39 of money you already have.‎ You see, showing gratitude(感恩) is the key to every 40 thing in life. It is the key to successful relationships, it is the key to successful futures and it is the key to 41 healthier and happier lives. And this is where the importance of being grateful lies. 42 , it makes life better.‎ One of my favorite 43 is “If you learn to appreciate more of what you already have, you will find yourself having more to appreciate.” Think about that!‎ Something as 44 as a “Thank you for being in my life” or “I 45 having you here with me”, can go a long way. It will make the other person feel good, and 46 it also will make you feel better!‎ So maybe your wife is not very 47 around the house, but she’s great at cooking your favorite 48 . Or, maybe your child 49 milk all over your new shirt right before you walked out the door for work, but usually he makes you laugh so much and makes you 50 the luckiest parent in the world. ‎ I strongly 51 you to make a promise to yourself for the next week. Decide to 52 every morning and think of at least 5 things that you are 53 for. Then say them out loud. You will notice a smile on your face without even 54 . In 30 days you will feel completely renewed. This is the 55 of being grateful!‎ ‎36．A．open B．make C．stand D． take ‎37．A．easily B．correctly C．truly D. clearly ‎38．A．lovely B．alive C．lively D. living ‎39．A．amount B．number C．kind D． plenty ‎40．A．terrible B．negative C．positive D． confusing ‎41．A．leading B．taking C．enjoying D． looking ‎42．A．therefore B．besides C．anyway D． in a word ‎43．A．mottos B rules C．habits D． word ‎44．A．pleasant B．wonderful C．short D． moving ‎45 A．want B．look forward to C．appreciate D． would like ‎46．A．for sure B．in general C．instead of D． in addition ‎47．A．lazy B beautiful C．careless D． organized ‎48 A．vegetables B．dishes C．beef D． drinks ‎49．A．painted B．stopped C．spilled D． threw ‎50．A．become of B feel like C．act as D． look like ‎51．A．persuade B．advise C．demand D． suggest ‎52．A．dress up B．make up C．get up D． wake up ‎53．A．grateful B．concerned C．anxious D． upset ‎54．A．pretending B．looking C．trying D． smiling ‎55．A．disadvantage B．power C．award D． consequences ‎【文章综述】本文是以议论文，主要是劝告人们学会感激，以及会感激的人会得到什么样的好处。文章用生活中的事例来说服人们学会感激。‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎36．A　open oneself to receive sth放开自己接受某事。句意：如果你感恩，你自然就会放开自己接受生活中的各种各样祝福和好事。故选A。‎ ‎37．C　副词辨析。A容易地；B正确地；C真实地；D清楚地。句意：您几乎能够收到你真想要的一切东西。根据下文描述，你想康复就会康复，故此处填truly。‎ ‎38．B　形容词辨析。根据上文描述康复，此处应该是感谢你还活着。alive活着；lovely可爱的；lively活泼的；living健在的。‎ ‎41．C　动词辨析。enjoy healthier and happier lives享受更健康和更幸福的生活。A领导，导致；B带走；C享受，喜欢；D看，不及物动词。根据句意选C。‎ ‎42．D　根据上文，空后的这句话是对本段总结，A因此，所以；B而且，除……之外；C无论如何；D总之，简言之。故选D。‎ ‎43．A　句意：我最喜欢的格言之一是……。A格言；B制度；C习惯；D话，此处是单数，不合适。根据下文是一句话，故选A。‎ ‎44．C　A愉悦的，宜人的；B精彩的；C简短的；D动人的。根据下文都是两句较短的感谢语，故应选C。‎ ‎45．C　A想，要；B期待，希望；C感激；D想要。此处是感激的语言，故应选C。‎ ‎46．A　句意：它可让另一个人感觉舒服，肯定也会让你感觉更好。A确定地，无疑地；B一般地；C而不是；D除此之外。故选A。‎ ‎47．D　A懒惰的；B美丽的；C粗心的；D有条理的。be organized around把……整理地井井有条。‎ ‎48．B　A蔬菜；B盘子，道菜；C牛肉；饮料。与上文对应，前文是打扫房间，but表示语意转折，可能他更擅长做“菜”。故选B。‎ ‎49．C　根据句意：也许你在出门上班之前，你的孩子将牛奶溢出在你的新衬衫上。spill溢出，使……出来。根据空后的milk判断。‎ ‎50．B　根据前文的将牛奶洒在衬衫上，这里应该是让你“感觉像世界上最丑陋的父母”。 A使遭遇…，…降临于，发生…情况；B感觉像；C行动像，担当；D看起来像。根据题意选B。‎ ‎51．B　根据句意：我强烈建议你为下周给自己发誓。advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事；demand和suggest后不用不定式做宾补。persuade sb to do sth劝服某人做某事，不合题意。故选B。‎ ‎52．D　句意：决定每天早晨醒来至少考虑5件你要感激的事情。根据空后的every morning判断应是“醒来”。A打扮；B化妆；C起床；D醒来。故选D。‎ ‎53．A　根据上文，主要讲述人应该学会感恩，故选A。A感激的；B关心的，担心的；C焦急的；D焦虑不安的。‎ ‎54．C　句意：你就会注意到你脸上毫不费力的微笑。without even trying连想都不用想，连试都不用试。‎ ‎55．B　句意：30天后你就会感觉到自己重生的力量。A劣势，缺点；B力量，权力，动力；C酬金；D后果。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【英语卷（解析）·2015届河北省邯郸市馆陶县一中高三7月调研考试（201407）】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ Have you ever heard of the saying , "if you want a friend, be 41"? What does it 42 ? There are many different things that you can do to 43friends. You may find out what they are if you 44 someone make friends.      Here is 45 one new teacher made friends with the 46 in her class on the first day of the school. When the bell 47 , the teacher smiled at all the students. Then she said, "Good morning. How nice it is to have all of you 48 my class this year! I want to 49 each of you very much. I am sure we'll enjoy working together."      The teacher smiled, used a pleasant 50, and acted 51 a friendly way. She told the students her 52 and wrote it on the blackboard. Then she told them something she liked to 53 and hoped to do with them during the year. The students knew that she liked many of the same things they liked. Everyone felt that she 54 what she said. Each of them wanted to know her 55 and be her friend. Then she let the students tell something about 56 . So they felt that the teacher ‎ knew them. Could you make friends as the teacher 57 ?      How do you know and like your classmates? One 58 is to find out more about them. During the 59 you can talk to them. You may ask them their names and the names of the schools they went to last year. As you 60, the others may be thinking "I like to do the same things you do. It should be fun to be friends with you."     Remember! Just talking together in a friendly way is one good way to make friends.‎ ‎41．A. it　 B．one C．that D．careful ‎42．A.mean B．want C．have　 D．show ‎43．A.make B．meet C．have 　 D．get ‎44．A.look B．hear C．listen D．watch ‎45．A.what B．how C．why D．when ‎46．A.teachers B．students C．workmates D．parents ‎47．A.rang B．got C．sang D．spoke ‎48．A.on B．in C．with D．about ‎49．A.reach B．learn C．know D．like ‎50．A.sound B．sentence C．phrase D．voice ‎51．A.on B．by C．in D．to ‎52．A.family B．father C．work D．name ‎53．A.do B．eat C．get D．play ‎54．A.was B．liked C．meant D．forget ‎55．A.less B．better C．enough D．still ‎56．A.themselves B．their names C．the teacher D．the school ‎57．A.was B．did C．got D．saw ‎58．A.way B．day C．teacher D．class ‎59．A.room B．class C．break D．day ‎60．A.speak B．say C．tell　 D．talk ‎【解析】‎ ‎41．B考查代词辨析 句意：如果你想有朋友，先在成为一个可以成为别人朋友的人。One 代表同一类中的一个。‎ ‎42．A考查动词辨析A.mean意味着； B．want想；C．have有；D．show展示；句意：这是什么意思呢。根据句意it代指"if you want a friend, be 41"，故选A项。‎ ‎43．A考查动词辨析A.make制作，使；B．Meet遇到；C．have有；D．get得到；句意：这有许多事情可以做来交到朋友。Make friends 交朋友，固定搭配。‎ ‎44．D考查动词动词辨析A.look看；B．hear听到；C．listen听；D．watch看；句意：如果你看到别人交朋友，你就会发现他们是什么了。‎ ‎45．B考查表语从句引导词；句意：这就是一个新老师在开学的第一天如何与学生们交朋友。根据句意这个句子缺少表语从句的引导词，故选B项。‎ ‎46．B考查名词辨析A.teachers教师；B．students学生；C．workmates同事；D．parents父母；句意：这就是一个新老师在开学的第一天如何与学生们交朋友。根据文章中提到可知老师与学生交朋友，故选B项。‎ ‎47．A考查动词辨析A.rang打电话；B．got得到；C．sang唱歌；D．spoke说；句意：当铃声响时，老师微笑面对所有的学生。根据语境地点是在学校，故铃声响，所以选A项。‎ ‎48．B考查介词辨析A.on B．in C．with D．about。句意：早上好，欢迎大家来到这班级。‎ ‎49．C考查动词辨析A.reach到达；B．learn学会；C．know知道；D．like喜欢；句意：我想了解你们每一个人。根据语境刚一进班，老师想了解每一个学生，故选C项。‎ ‎52．D考查名词辨析A.family家庭；B．father父亲；C．work 工作；D．name名字。 句意：她告诉学生们她的姓名并把它写在黑板上。根据下方提到wrote it on the blackboard.，故选D项。‎ ‎53．A考查动词辨析A.do做；B．eat吃；C．get得到；D．play玩；句意：然后她告诉他们一些她喜欢做的事以及对于学生们的期望。Something后面跟着一个由that引导的定语从句，缺少谓语动词do,故选A项。‎ ‎54．C考查动词辨析A.was是；B．liked喜欢； C．meant意味着；D．forget忘记。句意：每个人都理解了她所说的。‎ ‎55．B考查形容词辨析A.less较少；B．better较好；C．enough足够；D．still仍然。句意：每个人都想更多的了解她，与想跟她成为朋友。Better 是由well 变来的，用来修饰know,故选B项。‎ ‎56．A考查名词辨析A.themselves他们自己；B．their names 他们的名字；C．the teacher老师；D．the school学校。句意：然后她让学生们告诉她关于他们自己的事情。根据语境关于学生们自己故选A项。‎ ‎57．B考查动词辨析A.was是；B．did做；C．got得到；D．saw看；句意：你能象这个老师这样做与学生们交朋友吗？ As引导方式状语从句，用do来表示老师所做的事。‎ ‎58．A考查名词辨析A.way道路；B．day天；C．teacher老师；D．class班。句意：一种方式是找到并了解更多相关于他们的内容。根据上文提到How do you know and like your classmates?如何知道并喜欢你的同学，所以后面提到了一种方法，故选A项。‎ ‎59．C考查名词辨析A.room房间；B．class班级； C．break休息； D．day天句意：在课间休息时，你可以与他们交谈。根据文中提到可知中学校故在课间与同学进行交流，故选c 项。‎ ‎60．D考查动词辨析A.speak speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容 。作及物动词时，常以某种 语言作宾语。B．say一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代 词或宾语从句。C．tell常作及物动词，意为“讲述，告诉，动词常跟双宾语。D．talk一般为不及物动词，意思是“交谈，谈话，着重强调两具之间的相互说话。句意：当你说时，别人会思考。‎ ‎【英语卷(解析)·2015届河北省衡水中学高三小一调考试（201408）】完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ In the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg, a German printer, developed a new printing press(印刷机)。Then single letters could be __41____ in lines to create a page of text. The letters were made of metal.Each one could be ___42___ to different parts of the press,depending on which words were___43____ on a certain page. This was one of the most important ___44_____ in the history of printing. ‎ ‎___45____, most books had been created by copying out text by hand. The__46__of a single book would take many hours or even days. With the Gutenberg press, ___47___ could be printed in several seconds, and many copies of books could be created in a few hours.‎ ‎ Gutenberg's printing press was not so much an ___48____, however, as an improvement of developing technologies. The Chinese were the first to use wooden blocks(木刻版)，as early as the 8th century. Then great __49___was made around 1040. The movable type was invented by Bi Sheng in China. European ___50____the printing methods centuries later. Another contribution to Cutenberg`s system also come from the East,__51____.The Chinese invented paper using ‎ ‎___52___materials,including old clothes. The kind of the inexpensive paper was introduced into Europe in 1000 or so. This kind of paper was __53___for the new European printing presses,__54____it took in the only ink required for the metal type.‎ Printing soon became an important __55___in a rapidly growing world. By 1500,nearly 35,000 books were in print worldwide. But the printing press did not ___56___a lot for a long time. In the 19th century , however, iron ____57___wood in the press`s framework. And paper became___58___in continuous rolls rather than more expensive single pieces. Steam engines ___59__the speed at which the press ran. In the late 1900s,the introduction of better presses greatly __60___the time it took to turn ideas into books.‎ ‎41.A.used B. put C. read D. written ‎42.A.shown B .turned C. moved D. added ‎ ‎43.A.needed B. lost C. collected D. found ‎44.A.challenged B. studies C. discoveries D. developments ‎45.A.Recently B. Immediately C. Previously D. Finally ‎46.A.discussion B. production C. instruction D. preparation ‎47.A.pages B. ideas C. models D. characters ‎48.A.attraction B . expression C. competition D. invention ‎ ‎49.A.accident B. research C. progress D. situation ‎ ‎50.A.believed B. followed C .tested D. required ‎ ‎51.A.paper B. wood C. letters D. metal ‎52.A.fine B. thin C. heavy D. cheap ‎ ‎53.A.useless B. special C. good D. impossible ‎54.A.as B. although C. until D. unless ‎ ‎55.A.fashion B. industry C. trick D. belief ‎56.A.apply B. help C. work D. change ‎ ‎57.A.replaced B. controlled C. became D. protected ‎ ‎58.A.necessary B. available C. normal D. valuable ‎59.A.reached B. limited C. increased D. kept ‎60.A.made B. allowed C. wasted D. reduced ‎ ‎【文章综述】本文讲述的本文印刷术的发展。‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎41B.考查动词辨析A. used使用；B. put放；C. read读；D. written写；句意：然后这些单一的字母被排列成行制成一个文本。Put sth in lines把。。东西排列成行，故选B项。‎ ‎42.C考查动词辨析A. shown 展示；B. turned 转过来；C .moved 移动；D. added 增加；句意：根据版面对于他的需要，每个字母可以移动到不同的地方。根据句意可知每个字母都可以移动，故选C项。 ‎ ‎43.A考查动词辨析A. needed需要；B. lost失去；C. collected收集；D. found发现；句意：根据版面对于他的需要，每个字母可以移动到不同的地方。根据句意选A项。‎ ‎44.D考查名词辨析A. challenges B. studies研究；C. discoveries发现；D. developments发展；句意：这是印刷史上最重要的发展之一。根据第一句话In the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg, a German printer, developed a new printing press可知选D项。‎ ‎45.C考查副词辨析A.Recently最近；B .Immediately立刻；C. Previously先前地；D. Finally最后地；句意：以前，许多的书可以能过手来进行抄写。根据语境可知在讲述以前的事情，故选C项。‎ ‎46.B考查名词辨析A.discussion讨论；B. production生产；C. instruction说明；D. preparation准备；句意：一本书的生产会花费数小时甚至一天的时间。根据上文提到most books had been created by copying out text by hand可知选B项。‎ ‎47.A考查名词辨析A.pages页；B. ideas想法；C .models模型；D. characters角色；句意：用这种印刷机，在几秒钟内能打许多页，在几小时内就可印刷数本书。根据句意可知在几秒钟内印数页，再由页数构成书，故选A项。‎ ‎48.D考查名词辨析A.attraction吸引；B. expression表达；C. competition比赛；D. invention发明； 句意：古腾堡印刷术做为一项科技的发展并不是一项发明。根据下方提到The Chinese were the first to use wooden blocks(木刻版)，as early as the 8th century.可知选D项。‎ ‎49.C考查名词辨析A.accident事故；B. research研究；C. progress进步；D. situation状况； 句意：然而比古腾堡印刷术早1040年。Make progress取得进步，故选C项。‎ ‎52.D考查形容词辨析A.fine好的；B. thin瘦；C. heavy 重的；D. cheap 便宜的；句意：中国发明了纸，用便宜的原料，包括旧衣服。根据下方提到The kind of the inexpensive paper was introduced into Europe in 1000 or so.可知选D项。‎ ‎53.C考查形容词辨析A.useless无用的；B. special 特别的；C. good 好的；D. impossible不可能的；句意：这种纸有利于欧洲印刷术的进步。Be good for 对。。有好处，故选C项。‎ ‎54.A考查连词辨析A.as由于；B .although虽然；C. until 直到；D. unless 除非； 句意：因为它适用于这种金属类型的印刷的油墨。两个句子之间是因果关系，故选A项。‎ ‎55.B考查名词辨析A.fashion时尚；B .industry工业；C .trick 技巧；D. belief信念；句意：印刷很快成为这个快速发展的世界的重要的工业。根据句意可知印刷成为一项产业，故选B项。‎ ‎56.D考查动词辨析A.apply 申请；B. help 帮助；C. work工作；D. change改变；句意：但印刷术在很长时间内并没有改变。根据but可知表示转折，故选D项。 ‎ ‎57.A考查动词辨析A.replaced代替；B. controlled控制；C. became成为； D. protected 保护；句意：到了19世纪，铁代替木头在印刷中的框架作用。根据语境时代在发展，技术越来越先进，故选A项。‎ ‎58.B考查形容词辨析A.necessary必要的；B. available可达到的；C. normal正常的；D. valuable有价值的；句意：纸变得更便宜。根据文中提到rather than more expensive single pieces而不是更贵的纸张，故选B项。‎ ‎59.C考查动词辨析A.reached到达；B. limited限制；C. increased增加；D. kept保持；句意：蒸汽机增加印刷的快速发展。根据语境可知蒸汽机的发明加速印刷的发展，故选C项。‎ ‎60.D考查动词辨析A.made制作；B. allowed 允许；C. wasted浪费；D. reduced减少；句意：到20世纪，更先进印刷术的引进减少把想法变成书的时间。‎ ‎【英语卷（解析）·2015届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高三第五次模拟考试（201503）】第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ The journey of water as it flows upon the earth can be a mirror of our own paths through life. Water begins its ___41__ on earth as it falls from the sky and streams down a mountain into a stream or river. In the same way, we come into the world and begin our lives on earth. Like a river that flows within the __42__ of its banks, we are born with certain defining characteristics that __43__ our identity. We are born in a specific time and place, within a specific family, and with certain gifts and __44__. With these limitations, we move through life, __45__many twists, turns, and barriers along the way just as a river __46__.‎ Water is a great teacher that shows us __47__ to move through the world with grace, bravery,‎ ‎ determination, and __48__. When a river __49__ at a waterfall, it gains energy and moves on, as we face our own waterfalls, we may fall hard __50 __we always keep moving on. Water can inspire us not to become rigid (死板的)with fear or stick to what’s familiar. Water is __51__ and does not waste time sticking to its past, but flows onward without __52__. At the same time, when there is a __53__ to be filled, water does not run away from it in __54__ of the dark; instead, water modestly and bravely fills the empty space. In the same way, we can face the __55__ moments of our life rather than run away from them.‎ ‎__56__, a river will empty into the sea. Water does not hold back from __57__in a larger body, nor does it fear a loss of __58__ or control. It gracefully and modestly falls into the vastness by contributing its energy and joining without __59__. Each time we move beyond our individual characters to become part of something bigger, we can try our best to __60___ the lead of the river.‎ ‎41. A. travel B. work C. position D. process ‎42. A. periods B. areas C. boundaries D. admissions ‎43. A. reveal B. govern C. keep D. cast ‎44. A. challenges B. experiences C. opportunities D. demands ‎45. A. bringing B. requiring C. facing D. predicting ‎46. A. crosses B. flows C. pours D. drops ‎47. A. when B. where C. why D. how ‎48. A. modesty B. happiness C. smile D. reputation ‎49. A. springs B. leaves C. runs D. breaks ‎50. A. or B. so C. but D. and ‎51. A. desperate B. brave C. nervous D. merciful ‎52. A. looking through B. looking after C. looking for D. looking back ‎53. A. hole B. form C. heart D. post ‎54. A. favor B. fear C. honor D. terms ‎55. A. boring B. changeable C. exciting D. dark ‎56. A. Gradually B. Absolutely C. Eventually D. Actually ‎57. A. dipping B. bringing C. plotting D. joining ‎58. A. life B. liberty C. identity D. root ‎59. A. resistance B. permission C. knowledge D. reward ‎60. A. take B. follow C. lose D. hold ‎【文章大意】文章通过河水汇入大海的旅程来谈论人生的道理。人生和河水一样，在实现梦想之前会遇到很多曲折、弯路和障碍，但是河水不会浪费时间留恋过去，只会义无反顾，勇往直前！‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎41.A. A. travel 旅行B. work工作C. position 职位D. process过程；根据上文的The journey of water as it flows upon the earth提示可得出答案. travel 与journey 相呼应。‎ ‎42.C A. periods周期，时期B. areas 地区C. boundaries 边界D. admissions进入许可；河水在堤岸的界限之内流淌。‎ ‎43.B A. reveal 揭露B. govern管理，支配C. keep保持D. cast投掷，抛；我们生来的特定的特点支配着我们身份。‎ ‎44.A A. challenges 挑战B. experiences 经历C. opportunities机会D. demands要求；根据下文我们在人生的道路上会遇到很多曲折、弯路和障碍，这和河流的经历是一样的。可以推理出上文应该是挑战。‎ ‎45.C A. bringing 带来B. requiring 需要C. facing 面临D. predicting预测；我们在人生的道路上会面临很多曲折、弯路和障碍，这和河流的经历是一样的。‎ ‎46.B A. crosses 过B. flows流C. pours 倾泻D. drops落下；河水的流动用flow。‎ ‎47.D A. when 何时B. where 哪儿C. why 为什么D. how怎样；河流是伟大的老师，向我们展示如何在世上生存。‎ ‎48.A A. modesty 谦逊B. happiness幸福C. smile 微笑D. reputation声望；根据下文的instead, water modestly and bravely fills the empty space.，故选A。‎ ‎49.D A. springs 使跳起B. leaves 离开C. runs 跑D. breaks折，破裂，(波涛)拍岸、进溅；河水在瀑布处发生进溅时获得能量并且继续前行。‎ ‎50.C A. or或者B. so因此C. but 但是D. and和；我们或许会重重摔落，但是我们仍然继续前行。‎ ‎53.A A. hole 洞B. form 形式C. heart心脏D. post岗位，邮件；根据下文fills the empty space ‎，可知识水坑。‎ ‎54.B A. favor 喜爱B. fear 恐惧C. honor荣誉D. terms学期；水不会因为害怕黑暗而逃离水坑，反而会勇敢而谦虚地将水坑填满。‎ ‎55.D A. boring 无聊的B. changeable易变的 C. exciting 激动地D. dark 黑暗的；呼应上文的in fear of the dark，指代人生中的灰暗时期。‎ ‎56.C A. Gradually逐渐地B. Absolutely 绝对地 C. Eventually最后，终于D. Actually事实上；河水最终（eventually）都会流入大海。‎ ‎57.D A. dipping 倾斜B. bringing 带来C. plotting 密谋，策划D. joining加入；根据上下文中的empty into 和fall into 以及become part of something bigger可知，水不会在汇入（joining）较大水体时退缩。‎ ‎58.C A. life 生命B. liberty 自由C. identity 身份，一致性D. root根源；水也不会担心失去自由（liberty）和控制。‎ ‎59.A A. resistance 阻力，抵抗B. permission同意C. knowledge 知识D. reward报酬；水毫不抵抗地把自己的力量贡献给浩瀚的水体。‎ ‎60.B A. take 带走B. follow 跟随C. lose 失去D. hold举行；每当我们加入一个更大的团体时，我们都应该努力向水学习。follow the lead of ..仿效； take the lead 领先、带头。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Sometime, you are stuck in traffic, anxious about getting a job, or stressed about making a deadline at work. ___41____as these situations are, they are also opportunities to ____42___ kindness and gratefulness. Responding gently and thankfully will not ____43___make these situations go away, but it can help you be happier and ____44___.‎ As someone who travels as part of my work, I find that when I practice looking for ___45____to be kind and grateful, travel is a much more ____46___experience. ‎ The mental and physical ___47____of kindness and gratitude are impressive. Such simple practices not only make you feel good, ____48___they can also help protect your immune system, reduce stress and anxiety, strengthen self-control. That is, simple practice done regularly can ____49___both ‎ your physiology and your outlook. It is more likely that you also view the future ____50___.‎ However, being kind and grateful is not a (an)___51____ for working toward important goals, or dealing with challenge. Practicing kindness and appreciation is a way to ____52___ the quality of your experience and relationships while you are doing these things. ___53____ what your brain may tell you, your ability to be kind and grateful is not ____54___ upon either your circumstances or how you feel. ____55___ simply, kindness and gratitude are available to you whenever you choose to practice them.‎ During your lifetime many things will happen. You will experience some of them as pleasant and comfortable and others as ___56____ and unwanted. You do not have control over the circumstances that life ____57___, but you do have a choice about how you___58___ to them. Reacting to whatever ___59____up with kindness and gratitude is a powerful ___60___, a choice supported by hundreds of scientific research studies and recommended in every enduring wisdom tradition for thousands of years. ‎ What will you choose?‎ ‎41. A. Unhappy B. Unfortunate C.Undesirable D. Incorrect ‎42. A. practice B. acknowledge C. change D. distinguish ‎43. A. eventually B. deliberately C. instantly D. necessarily ‎44. A. healthier B. gentler C. kinder D. stronger ‎45. A. approaches B. chances C. places D. coincidences ‎46. A. worthy B. enjoyable C. practical D. precious ‎47. A. conditions B. growth C. benefits D. health ‎48. A. so B. while C. and D. but ‎49. A. change B. adjust C. reflect D. prove ‎50. A. accurately B. realistically C. positively D. wisely ‎51. A. exchange B. replacement C. process D. aspect ‎52. A. impact B. identify C. evaluate D. concern ‎ ‎53. A. While B. Though C. Despite D. Given ‎54. A. focused B. called C. looked D. dependent ‎55. A. Say B. Put C. Tell D. Express ‎56. A. uncertain B. ridiculous C. embarrassing D. difficult ‎57. A. presents B. provides C. offers D. supplies ‎58. A.contribute B. respond C. reply D. appeal ‎59. A. keeps B. goes C. builds D. turns ‎60. A. attitude B. tool C. choice D. influence 文章大意：在本文中作者向人们介绍了快乐的秘诀，即与人为善，学会感恩。作者认为尽管生活中时常会有不愉快，不尽人意的事情发生，但是经常帮助别人，学会感恩不仅让人们获得心情的愉悦，而且能够减轻压力，让人们获得身心的健康。‎ ‎41. C 从前句内容可知这些情况是人们不想经历的，是不受欢迎的，而不是没有预料到的，故选C。‎ ‎42. A 根据下文内容可知作者认为人们要寻找机会去表达自己的善意，要时时记着感恩，在下文中多次出现该内容，比如第二段中when I practice looking for…… 以及第三段中Such simple practices….等，故选A。‎ ‎43. D 作者指采取和善感激的态度未必会使情况消失，但是却会让你开心快乐，故选D。‎ ‎44. A 根据下文第三段内容可知与人为善，学会感恩会提高人们的免疫力，会让人更加健康，故选A。‎ ‎45. B 从语境可以判断作者在旅行中时常去寻找帮助别人，传递善良的机会，选B。‎ ‎46. B 从上文内容以及情理可知“予人玫瑰，手留余香”，在帮助别人之后自己也会感觉开心快乐，因此旅途也是愉快的，故选B。‎ ‎47. C 后句内容均讲述的是帮助别人，学会感恩的好处，故答案选C。‎ ‎48. D 固定搭配：not only ......but also，“不但……而且”，此处介绍与人为善给自己带来身体和心情的影响，故答案选D。‎ ‎49. A 上句内容介绍了学会感恩，传递善良给人身心带来的影响，故答案选A。‎ ‎50. C 从上文可知友善，感激地面对周围的人或者发生的事情会给自己带来快乐，所以看待问题也会积极乐观，故选C。‎ ‎51. B 从空后内容可知作者认为善良感恩并不能代替努力工作或者去应对挑战，故选B。‎ ‎52. A 从前句内容以及情理可知表达善良和感恩能够在处理事情以及和别人打交道的时候让气氛更融洽，关系更友好，故答案选A。‎ ‎53. C 空后是what引导的宾语从句，在四个选项中只有despite后可以接what从句，故选C。‎ ‎54. D 根据上下文内容可知善良，感恩的能力既不依靠你周围的环境也不依赖你的感觉，这只是一种选择，故选D。‎ ‎57. A 从语境可知生活中发生的事情不是有意提供给人们的，生活充满了不确定性，故是“呈现”在人们面前的，选A。‎ ‎58. B 根据情理以及下文react to可知此处指如何对生活中发生的事情做出回应，故选B。‎ ‎59. D从语境可知此处指应对生活中发生的事情，turn up “出现，露面”，故选D。‎ ‎60. C 根据词的复现原则可知此处指用善良和感恩的心去应对生活中发生的事情是人们做出的一种选择，这种选择有着强大的力量，故选C。‎ 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ What is the secret ingredient of tough people that enables them to succeed? Why do they 36 the tough times when others are overcome by them? Why do they win when others lose? Why do they 37 when others sink?‎ The answer is very simple. It’s all in 38 they perceive their problems. Yes, every living person has problems. A problem-free life is an 39 , or a mirage in the desert. Accept that fact.‎ Every mountain has a 40 . Every valley has its low point. Life has its ups and downs. No one is up all the time, nor are they down all the time. Problems do end. They are all 41 in time.‎ You may not be able to control the times, but you can 42 your response. You can turn your pain into cursing, or into 43 . The choice is up to you. You may not have chosen your tough time, but you can choose how you will 44 it. ‎ For instance, what is the positive reaction to a terrible financial 45 ? In this situation would it be the positive reaction to cop out and run away? 46 through alcohol, drug, or suicide? No! Such negative reactions only 47 greater problems by promising a 48 solution to the pressing problem. ‎ The positive solution to a problem may require courage to 49 it. When you control your ‎ reaction to the 50 un-controllable problem of life, then in fact you do control the problem’s effect on you. Your reaction to the problem is the last word! That’s the bottom line. What will you let this problem do to you? It can make you tender or tough. It can make you better or bitter. It all 51 you.‎ In the final analysis, the tough people who survive the tough times do so 52 they’ve chosen to react positively to their 53 . Tough times never last, but tough people do. Tough people stick it 54 . History teaches us that every problem has a lifespan. No problem is 55 . Storms always give way to the sun. Winter always thaws into springtime. Your storm will pass. Your winter will defrost. Your problem will be solved.‎ ‎36. A. suspend B. suspect C. survive D. spend ‎37. A. boom B. soar C. hesitate D. float ‎38. A. how B. what C. whether D. when ‎39. A. imagination B. assumption C. illusion D. sense ‎40. A. height B. summit C peak D. top ‎41. A. resolved B. replaced C. responded D. represented ‎42. A. compile B. compensate C. compose D. consist ‎43. A. tale B. welfare C. essay D. poetry ‎44. A. cater to B. react to C. take to D. correspond to ‎ ‎45. A. disadvantage B. shortcoming C. edge D. setback ‎46. A. Cease B. Evolve C. Crush D. Escape ‎ ‎47. A. exploit B. produce C. explore D. erase ‎48. A. dynamic B. temporary C. compulsory D. manual ‎49. A. interact B. interfere C. initiate D. induce ‎50. A. seemingly B. apparently C. artificially D. comprehensively ‎ ‎51. A. appeals to B. pulls out C. depends on D. throws into ‎52. A. because B. until C. but D. before ‎53. A. punctuation B. system C. choice D. dilemma ‎54. A. on B. out C. to D. around ‎55. A. ridiculous B. permanent C. optional D. conservative 答案： 36-40 CBACC 41-45 ACDBD 46-50 DBBCA 　 51-55 CADBB ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲解了坚忍不拔的人之所以成功就在于他们有着积极地看待自己面临的难题的态度。‎ ‎36. C 考查动词辨析 依照上下文中的“when others are overcome by them”可知此处表示“挺过艰难时刻”，故C项一词适合。A项表示“延迟”；B项是“嫌疑”；D项表示“花费”之意。‎ ‎37. B 考查动词辨析 依据上下文中的“when others sink”此处表达的是“为什么有的人一飞冲天而其他人却深陷泥沼？”，故此处应该是B项表示“高飞”之意；A项是“激增”；C项是“犹豫”；D项表示“漂浮”之意。‎ ‎38. A 考查连接词辨析 依据上下文可知此处表示的是“如何看待自己面临的难题”，故A项正确。‎ ‎39. C 考查名词辨析 依据上下文中的“a mirage in the desert”可知此处是“幻想”之意，故C项正确。A项表示“想象”；B项是“假设”；D项是“感觉”之意。‎ ‎40. C 考查名词辨析 依据上下文可知此处表示的是“山的巅峰”，故C项正确。 A项表示“高度”；B项是“最高阶层”；D项表示“顶部”。‎ ‎41. A 考查动词辨析 依据上下文可知此处表示“一切难题都会随着时间迎刃而解”；故A项正确。B项表示“代替”；C项是“反映”；D项表示“代表”，均不符合题意。‎ ‎42. C 考查动词辨析 依据上下文此处表示“但你可以冷静应对”，C项一词适合。A项表示“编制”；B项是“补偿”之意；D项表示“包含”。‎ ‎43. D 考查名词辨析 依据文章总的“turn your pain into cursing, or into…”可知此处表示的是“你既可以把痛苦转化成怨天尤人的诅咒，也可以赋予其诗意”，故D项适合。‎ ‎44. B 考查动词短语辨析 依据上下文此处表示的是“你可以选择应对的方略”，A项表示“迎合”；B项是“对…做出回应”；C项表示“喜欢”；D项是“与…项符合”，故B项正确。‎ ‎45. D 考查名词辨析 依据上下文此处表达的是“经济挫折”，A项是“不利“；B项是”缺点“；C项是”劣势“；D项表示“挫折”之意，故选D正确。‎ ‎46. D 考查动词辨析 依据前面的“cop out and run away”可知此处表示的是“逃脱”之意，故D项适合。A项表示“停止”；B项是“牵扯，涉及”；C项表示“压榨”之意。‎ ‎47. B 考查动词辨析 依据上下文可知此处表示“消极的反应似乎暂时解决了迫在眉睫的难题，但事实上只会招致更棘手的难题”，故此处B项适合。A项表示“开发”之意；C项是“探索”；D项表示“去除”均不符合题意。‎ ‎48. B 考查形容词辨析 依照上一题的内容可知此处表示的是“暂时的”之意，故B项适合。A项表示“流动的，灵动的”；C项是“强制的”；D项表示“手工的”。 ‎ ‎49. C 考查动词辨析 依照上下文此处表示的是“积极地应对是鼓起勇气着手解决”，故C项一词表示“开始实施”之意。A项表示“互动”；B项是“干涉”；D项是“引诱”之意，均不符合。‎ ‎50. A 考查副词辨析 此处表示的是“看似无法控制的难题”故A项一词正确。B项是“明显地”；C项表示“人造地”；D项是“全面的。地，综合地”。‎ ‎53. D 考查名词词辨析 依据上一题此处表示的是“困难，窘境”之意，故D项适合。A项表示“斑点”；B项是“系统”；C项表示“选择”之意，均不符合。‎ ‎54. B 考查介词辨析 此处考查stick一词构成的短语表示“坚持到底”之意，故B项正确。‎ ‎55. B 考查形容词辨析 依据全文意思来看此处表示“所有困难都不是永远存在的”，故B项一词适合。A项表示“荒谬的”；C项是“可选择的”；D项是“保守的”。‎ 考点：考查哲理类短文阅读 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Is there a voice inside you? Very much, ever since you were brought into this world. When you couldn’t open your mouth till the first two years on Planet Earth, inner voice is the one through which you ____36____ and understood things.　　 Inner voice is the voice mouth of the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind is always acting as a secondary ___37____ of thoughts and ideas in the body. It ____38____ and rationalizes what is right and what is wrong. When we go ____39____ what the inner voice say we feel guilty and are ____40____ by it throughout our lives.‎ At times when we are feeling low or those unforgettable moments when we are ___41____, we seem to need some kind of emotional or mental ___42____. We usually speak to our closest pal or our dearest family member during times of distress to ___ 43____ the burden. At such times we ___44____ the initial drizzle(毛毛细雨) of emotional anxiety and mental restlessness(躁动), because of the pepping up by our empathic listener. We suddenly feel rejuvenated(恢复活力的) because our inner ‎ voice ___45____ us to get on with things and leave the things of past on the ____46____ books of our brain.‎ The inner voice is always right most of the times because it knows us ___47____ others and probably even ourselves. It is the dare devil child of the intuitions(直觉) ___ 48____ we have been having since childhood. It’s good to ____49____ intuitions most of the times because it’s the response provided due to the synchronism(同步性) between our ___50____ and physical being. Whenever you are trying your first cigarette, or ____51____ you are asked to take sides in an argument, you are always in a sense of ____52____. During these times your inner voice ____53____ gives its verdict(裁定), which when over written, might leave us unhappy in the future. It’s up to us to either ____54____ the morale booster inside us or go out to the world and search for spiritual guru(领袖) and happiness, when all these things are very much ___55____ within us. 36. A. discovered B. proved C. interpreted D. explored ‎37. A. reaction B. response C. reflector D. recognition ‎38. A. differs B. justifies C. confuses D. compares ‎39. A. against B. beyond C. without D. behind ‎40. A. abandoned B. controlled C. deserted D. bothered ‎41. A. left off B. let down C. worn out D. laid off ‎42. A. stress B. pressure C. loan D. support ‎43. A. ease B. induce C. equate D. compile ‎44. A. get in B. get through C. get over D. get across ‎45. A. anticipates B. chooses C. alerts D. interacts ‎46. A. collection B. guideline C. criterion D. memory ‎47. A. worse than B. more than C. better than D. less than ‎48. A. what B. which C. when D. where ‎49. A. put away B. go by C. appeal to D. tear up ‎50. A. mental B. psychological C. logic D. imaginary ‎51. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however ‎52. A. happiness B. dilemma C. responsibility D. drama ‎53. A. passively B. accurately C. basically D. automatically ‎54. A. strengthen B. defend C. ignore D. exploit ‎55. A. present B. parallel C. permanent D. punctual 答案：36—40 CCBAD 41—45 BDACC 46—50 DCBBA 51—55 ABDCA ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，是关于认真聆听发自内心的声音的美文。‎ ‎36. C 考查动词辨析。依据空格前的内容以及后面的＂understood＂一词可知＂心灵是我们诠释和理解事物的一种方式＂。A项表示＂发现＂；B项表示＂证明＂；C项表示＂解释＂；D项表示＂探索＂，故C项适合。‎ ‎37. C 考查名词辨析。语境是＂潜意识一直是思想和情感的辅助反映＂，A项表示＂反应，回应＂；B项表示＂回应＂；C项表示＂反映＂；D项表示＂认知＂，故C项适合。‎ ‎38. B 考查动词辨析。依据句子后的＂rationalizes what is right and what is wrong.＂可知＂心灵控制着是与非，黑与白＂。A项表示＂区分＂；B项表示＂证实＂；C项表示＂使困惑＂；D项表示＂比较＂；与后面的＂rationalize＂意思相近，故B项适合。‎ ‎39. A 考查介词辨析。依据后面的＂feel guilty＂(有负罪感)可知是＂违背＂之意，故A项适合。‎ ‎40. D 考查动词辨析。句意：当我们违心地做了某件事情，我们会有一种负罪感，并且这种负罪感会让我们烦恼一生。A项表示＂放弃＂；B项表示＂控制＂；C项表示＂丢弃＂；D项表示＂麻烦，烦恼＂，故D适合。‎ ‎41. B 考查动词短语辨析。依据前面的内容可知此处表示情绪低落，B项表示＂失望＂，符合上下文语境；A项表示＂中止＂；C项表示＂筋疲力尽＂；D项表示＂解雇＂，故B项适合。‎ ‎42. D 考查名词辨析。依据前面句子的内容可知此处表示的是＂我们需要某种情绪或精神上的支持＂，前两项都有＂压力＂之意；C项表示＂负担＂；D项表示＂支持＂，故D项适合。‎ ‎43. A 考查动词辨析。依据上下文可知此处表示＂减轻负担＂，故A项适合。A项表示＂减轻＂；B项表示＂引诱＂；C项表示＂使相等＂；D项表示＂编写，编纂＂。句意：我们沮丧的时候，我们通常会讲给我们最好的朋友或最亲近的家人听，以减轻我们的压力。‎ ‎44. C 考查动词短语辨析。依据句子后面的＂because of the pepping up by our empathic listener＂可知＂因为有了为我们打气的听众，我们克服了情绪上的不安和心灵上的躁动＂，所以用短语get over(克服)。A项表示＂收获，到达＂；B项表示＂接通电话，渡过＂；D项表示＂使……被理解＂，故选C。‎ ‎45. C 考查动词辨析。依据填空线前后的意思可知＂我们迅速地恢复活力是因为我们内心深处告诉我们处理好一切，把那些烦恼都放到回忆里＂。A项表示＂预料＂；B项表示＂选择＂；C项表示＂提醒＂；D项表示＂互动，交流＂，故C项适合。‎ ‎46. D 考查名词辨析。依据上一题的解释可知此处用D项适合。A项表示＂收集＂；B项是＂指导方针，参考＂；C项是＂标准＂；D项是＂回忆＂，memory book 回忆册。‎ ‎47. C 考查形容词比较级辨析。此处表示心灵比其他任何人都更加了解我们，表示的是程度上的＂更好＂，故C项适合。句意：心灵在大部分时候都是正确无误的，因为它比任何人都要了解我们，甚至比我们自己更了解我们。‎ ‎48. B 考查关系代词。此处为定语从句，先行词为前面的＂the dare devil child＂，已经给出了选择范围，所填词在从句中充当having的宾语，此处which适合。‎ ‎49. B 考查动词短语辨析。依据前面的＂It’s good to…＂以及整句的意思＂大多数时候遵从直觉是有好处的，因为它是来自我们的精神和现实之间的同步反应＂可知此处用go by intuitions表示＂遵从直觉＂，故B项适合。A项表示＂放好＂；C项表示＂吸引，呼吁＂；D项表示＂撕毁，撕碎＂。‎ ‎52. B 考查名词辨析。依据前面句子的意思可知此处表示的是＂你总感到为难＂，表达的是一种＂为难感＂，故B项(进退两难的境地)适合。A项表示＂幸福＂；C项表示＂责任＂；D项表示＂戏剧＂。‎ ‎53. D 考查副词辨析。A项表示＂被动地＂；B项表示＂精确地＂；C项表示＂大体上，基本上＂；D项表示＂自动地＂。依据上下文来看，心灵在那些为难的时刻应该会主动积极地作出判断，故D项适合。‎ ‎54. C 考查动词辨析。语境是＂当我们面临这些问题的时候，我们该决定是忽略我们内心的冲动，还是到外面接触这个世界来寻找精神领袖和快乐＂，A项表示＂加强＂；B项表示＂为……辩护＂；C项表示＂忽视＂；D项表示＂开发，开采＂，故C项适合。‎ ‎55. A 考查形容词辨析。此处表示＂当我们面临这些问题的时候＂，也就是＂这些问题出现的时候＂，故A项(出现的)适合。B项表示＂平行的＂；C项表示＂永久的＂；D项表示＂守时的＂。‎ 考点：生活哲理类短文 完形填空 The new science of spending comes to a surprising conclusion. How we use our money may___41____ as much or more than how much we’ve got it.‎ ‎ Money spent on experiences, rather than material goods, ___42____ more happiness.‎ ‎ Imagine that you wake up tomorrow morning to ___43___ $1 million under your bed .What would you do___44___that cash?‎ ‎ The money will probably make you think about one thing ___45___ all else— yourself. A large amount of research reveals that money___46___our selfish sides. We will___47____much on what that money can do for us alone. Perhaps you are imagining buying a faster car, or even a new house.‎ ‎ But studies show that___48____goods often fail to deliver ___49____ happiness. Fortunately, our ongoing research ___50____many ways to get more happiness from every dollar you spend. Changing how you spend money can increase your happiness.‎ ‎ But making these___51____ needs to challenge some of our ideas of spending. It’s hard not to ___52____buying a house as a wise investment. But research shows it brings very little happiness. A study in the United States found that homeowners, on average, were no happier than___53____.‎ ‎ So, working hard to save money for a house might not be such a good idea ___54____ it means spending less time with your families and friends. And dozens of studies show that people get more happiness from buying ___55____ than material things. Experimental purchases—such as trips, concerts and special meals –are more ___56____connected to our sense of self.‎ ‎ And experiences come with one more___57____. They tend to bring us___58____to other people, but more often, material things are enjoyed ___59____.So social contacts are important to ___60____ mental and physical health. ‎ ‎【小题1】.41. A. present B. matter C. appear D. equal ‎【小题2】.42. A. leads to B. breaks out C. holds on D. brings along ‎【小题3】.43. A. keep B. own C. discover D. count ‎【小题4】.44. A. to B. with C. about D. for ‎【小题5】.45. A. above B. below C. before D. after ‎【小题6】.46. A. shows B. explains C. proves D. designs ‎【小题7】.47. A. depend B. concentrate C. take D. look ‎【小题8】.48. A. mental B. material C. beautiful D. clever ‎【小题9】.49. A. outgoing B. lasting C. willing D. exciting ‎【小题10】.50. A. invites B. offers C. prefers D. follows ‎【小题11】.51. A. changes B. plans C. decisions D. mistakes ‎【小题12】.52. A. know B. view C. dream D. judge ‎【小题13】.53. A. buyers B. sellers C. builders D. renters ‎【小题14】.54. A. if B. how C. unless D. though ‎【小题15】.55. A. houses B. cars C. experiences D. health ‎【小题16】.56. A. clearly B. hardly C. generally D. deeply ‎【小题17】.57. A. advantage B. conclusion C. purpose D. identity ‎【小题18】.58. A. familiar B. close C. proper D. native ‎【小题19】.59. A. completely B. worldwide C. secretly D. alone ‎【小题20】.60. A. gain B. damage C. improve D. Build ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文描述了近期，关于消费的研究得出了一个令人震惊的结论。我们管理手中财富的能力与我们赚钱的能力的一样重要，花钱的经历要比物质的东西给我们带来更多的快乐。 【小题1】B考查动词：A. present 呈现，B. matter重要，C. appear似乎，D. equal和…相等，关于消费的研究得出了一个令人震惊的结论。我们管理手中财富的能力和我们赚钱的能力同等重要或者管理手中财富的能力比我们赚钱的能力更加重要。根据句意。选B。‎ ‎【小题2】D考查短语：A.carries along随身携带，B. breaks out爆发，C. holds on别挂断，D. brings along带来，花在经历上的钱比花在物质商品上的钱带来更多的快乐。选D。‎ ‎【小题3】C考查动词：A. keep保持，B. own拥有，C. discover发现，D. count数，想象一下你明天早上起床，发现床下面有100万。所以选C。‎ ‎【小题4】B考查介词和词组：你会怎么处理这笔钱，do with“处理”。选 B。‎ ‎【小题5】A考查介词：A. above在..上面，B. below在…下面，C. before 在…前面，D. after在…后面，从后面的句子： A large amount of research reveals that money 41   our selfish sides. 可知钱会让我们考虑一件事高于其他任何东西，就是你自己。选A。‎ ‎【小题6】A考查动词：A. shows展示，B. explains解释，C. proves证明，D. designs设计，研究表明钱显示了我们自私的一面。所以选A。‎ ‎【小题7】B考查动词： A. depend依赖，B. concentrate集中，C. take拿D. look看，我们专注更多的是钱可以为我们一个人做什么。根据句意选B。‎ ‎【小题8】B考查形容词：A. mental精神的，B. material物质的，C. beautiful美丽的，D. clever聪明的，从后面的句子：Fortunately ,our ongoing research   45  many ways to get more happiness from every dollar you spend .可知物质的东西不能带来持久的快乐。故选B。‎ ‎【小题9】B考查形容词：A. outgoing   外向，B. lasting持久的，C. willing愿意的，D. exciting兴奋的，物质的东西不能带来持久的快乐。选B。‎ ‎【小题10】B考查动词：A. invites邀请，   B. offers提供，C. prefers 更喜欢，D. follows跟随，从后面的句子：Changing how you spend money can increase your happiness.可知我们的研究提供更多的花钱可以带来快乐的方式。选B。‎ ‎【小题12】B考查动词：A. know知道，B. view看待，C. dream做梦，D. judge判断，很难不把买个房子做为投资。所以选B。‎ ‎【小题13】D考查名词：A. buyers购买者，B. sellers销售者，C. builders建筑者，D. renters租房者，自己有房的人没有租房子的人快乐。选D。‎ ‎【小题14】A考查连词：A. if如果，B. how怎样，C. unless除非，D. though虽然，如果这意味着和家人朋友的时间短了，那么努力挣钱买房不是个好的选择，所以选A。‎ ‎【小题15】C考查名词：A. houses房子，B. cars汽车，C. experiences经历，D. health健康，从后面的句子：Experimental purchases—such as trips ,concerts and special meals –are more  51  connected to our sense of self.可知人们的购物经历比物质的东西带来更多的快乐。选C。‎ ‎【小题16】D考查副词：A. clearly很清楚，B. hardly几乎不，C. generally一般D. deeply深地，实验性的购物—旅游，音乐会和特殊的饭局都是和我们的自我有更加深的联系。选D。‎ ‎【小题17】A考查名词：A. advantage   优点B. conclusion结论，C. purpose目的，D. identity身份，从后面的句子They tend to bring us   53  to other people ,可知经历给我们带来另外一个优点。选A。‎ ‎【小题18】B考查形容词：A. familiar更熟悉，B. close密切的，C. proper适当的，D. native当地的，本族的，经历使我们和别人更加紧密。选B。‎ ‎【小题19】D考查副词：A. completely  完全B. worldwide世界范围的， C. secretly 秘密地，D. alone单独地，物质的财富是单独享受的。所以选D。‎ ‎【小题20】C考查动词的用法。A. gain获得，B. damage破坏C. improve提高D. build建立，所以社会联系是对提高精神和身体健康重要的。因此选C。‎ 完形填空 When studying in Australia, do not worry about understanding the local language．General English programs are offered to help you 41 English．As a General English 42 at Greenwich College，I will tell you what you can learn from these programs．‎ I teach English at all levels from 43 to advanced．My classes usually 44 with a fun activity．We play vocabulary and grammar 45 ．Sometimes we listen to Australian 46 and decide if we like the lyrics(歌词)．After we have all 47 up，we move onto the grammar or vocabulary of the day．We 48 it through writing or speaking.‎ We 49 on our other skills(reading，writing or listening)in the afternoon，and use these skills to better understand the grammar or vocabulary． 50,at the end of the day, we talk about 51 to live and work in Australia．We discuss the problems， 52 how to understand different accents．new words and make new friends．If there are any problems，we help each other, offering advice and 53 .‎ General English also offers 54 classes to improve your speaking ability．We offer special grammar and conversation classes，as well as a movie club! You can also come with us to the Opera House，the beach，the zoo or even to a museum.‎ If you feel 55 about using your spoken English，don’t worry! Everyone feels the 56．So，in General English we have activities that 57 you talking to classmates，excursions(远足)that 58 your confidence，and student parties that help you talk to others.‎ It's a great way to 59 all you English skills as well as have a fantastic 60 . Maybe I’ll see you in my class soon．‎ ‎【小题1】 A．test ‎【小题2】 A．student ‎【小题3】 A．beginners ‎【小题4】 A．deal ‎【小题5】 A．toys ‎【小题6】 A．songs B．grasp C．cover D. teach ‎【小题7】 A．turned ‎【小题8】 A．catch ‎【小题9】 A．depend ‎【小题10】A．Firstly ‎【小题11】A．why ‎【小题12】A．including ‎【小题13】A．house ‎【小题14】A．1istening ‎【小题15】A．nervous ‎【小题16】A．opposite ‎【小题17】A．take ‎【小题18】A．build ‎【小题19】A．value ‎【小题20】A．feeling B．worker C．teacher D. guide B．1earners C．courses D. subjects B．work C．compete D. start B．sports C．games D. music B．dialogues C．news ‎ D. reports B．shut C．looked D. warmed B．practice C．appreciate D. enjoy B．keep C．focus D. base B．Secondly C．Thirdly D. Finally B．how C．when D. whether B．remaining C．deciding D. judging B．disadvantage C．support D. challenge B．writing C．accent D. reading B．comfortable C．excited D. proud B．fixed C．same D. forced B．imagine C．get D. remind B．catch C．appreciate D. draw B．improve C．instruct D. arrange B．thought C．adventure D. experience ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文以一位老师的视角，介绍了在澳大利亚学习时，去上通用英语课程的课，你可以从中学到的东西。‎ ‎【小题1】考查动词辨析。A.试验、测验；B.抓住、领会；C.包括、覆盖；D.教。普通英语课程帮助学习英语。根据前文When studying in Australia, do not worry about understanding the local language．当在澳大利亚学习时，不用担心理解当地语言。故选B。‎ ‎【小题2】考查名词辨析。A学生；B工人；C教师；D向导、导游。作为格林尼治大学的一名通用英语老师，我会告诉你能从这些课程中学到什么。结合下文I teach English at all levels from 43 to advanced．我教各等级的英语，可知“我”是一位老师，故选C。‎ ‎【小题3】考查名词辨析。A初学者；B学者；C课程；D学科。我教各水平的英语，从初学者到高级的，故选A。‎ ‎【小题4】考查动词辨析。A解决；B工作；C竞争；D开始。我的课通常以有趣的活动开始。因为是My classes，故可知是选start，start with，以……开始。故选D。‎ ‎【小题5】考查名词辨析。A玩具；B运动；C游戏；D音乐。我们玩词汇和语法游戏。根据上文，我的课以有趣的活动开始，故此处是指游戏。故选C。‎ ‎【小题6】考查名词辨析。A歌曲；B对话；C新闻；D报告。有时我们听听澳大利亚歌曲，然后决定是否我们喜欢歌词。根据后文的lyrics(歌词)，故选A。‎ ‎【小题7】考查up动词短语辨析。A出现、调大；B关闭；C仰望、查阅；D热身、准备运动。我们做完所有的准备活动后，我们进入的语法或词汇的一天。前面所提到的玩游戏，听歌这些都属于课前的准备活动，故选D。‎ ‎【小题8】考查动词辨析。A抓住，赶上；B练习；C欣赏、感谢；D喜欢、享受。我们通过写作和说话交流练习词汇和语法。由于前文提到，一天的课程主要是词汇和语法，故选B。‎ ‎【小题9】考查on动词短语辨析。A依赖、依靠；B继续；C集中于；D基于、以……为根据。下午我们专注在其他的技能 （阅读、 写作和听力)，并且使用这些技能，以更好地理解语法和词汇。上午主要是写作或者口语，故下午练习的重点转移，故选D。‎ ‎【小题10】考查副词辨析。A第一；B第二；C第三；D最后。根据后文at the end of the day,在一天结束时，故可知此处应是最后，最终。故选D。‎ ‎【小题12】考查非谓语动词辨析。A包括；B保持；C决定；D判决。我们讨论这些问题，包括如何理解不同的口音，新单词和结交新朋友。要讨论的问题有很多，而提到的只是一部分，故选A。‎ ‎【小题13】考查名词辨析。A房子；B缺点；C支持；D挑战。如果有任何问题，我们互相帮助，提供咨询意见并给予支持。在澳大利亚学习，且来上通用英语课程的都是异国他乡的人，当然是互相帮忙，给予一定的支持，故选C。‎ ‎【小题14】考查名词辨析。A听力；B写作；C口音；D阅读。通用英语还提供口音课程来提高你的口语表达能力。因为是要提高口语表达能力，故提供口音课程，故选C。‎ ‎【小题15】考查形容词辨析。A紧张的；B舒适的；C兴奋的；D自豪的。如果你觉得使用你的英语口语紧张，别担心！学英语作为第二语言，用英语跟别人讲话时，都会觉得紧张的，故选A。‎ ‎【小题16】考查形容词辨析。A相反的；B固定的；C一样的；D被迫的、强迫的。每个人都是感觉相同的。前文提到用英语跟别人讲话时，你可能会觉得紧张的，其实每个人都会觉得紧张，故选C。‎ ‎【小题17】考查动词辨析。A拿、取；B想象；C使得、获得；D提醒、使想起。在通用英语课程里，我们有活动使你跟同学们交谈。get的用法，get sb doing ，使/让某人做，故选C。‎ ‎【小题18】考查动词辨析。A建立；B抓住、赶上；C欣赏、感激；D画、吸引。在通用英语课程里，我们有活动使你跟同学们交谈，有短途旅行 （远足）增强你的信心和同学聚会，帮助你和别人说话。建立自信，增强信心，故选A。‎ ‎【小题19】考查动词辨析。A价值；B提高；C指导；D安排。这是一个极好的方式来提高你们所有人的英语能力。前文介绍了通用英语课程的教学内容，课堂教学方法，举办活动等等，可知任何人在其中学习，都会学到很多并能提高自己的英语能力。故选B。‎ ‎【小题20】考查名词辨析。A感情；B想法；C冒险；D经历。这是一个极好的方式来提高你们所有人的英语能力，除了拥有一段梦幻般的经历外。结合全文的介绍，可知接受通用英语课程的教学，你会体验不同，教学形式轻松，多样化，这是一个非常好的经历，故选D。‎ 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ There was once a group of young people searching everywhere for happiness but what they got was only annoyance, grief and misery.‎ So they 41 Socrates for advice on where happiness 42 . But 43 giving any answers, Socrates asked them to help with building a 44 first. The group of guys had to 45 the task, laying aside their own business of seeking happiness. It took them a long time to cut down a tall tree, gouging out (挖空) the center. Through painstaking effort, they made a canoe out of the tree. They launched the canoe into a river, and then 46 together in it, singing with 47 .‎ Socrates asked, “My children, do you have happiness now?” They answered in chorus: “We 48 be happier!” Socrates 49 , “That’s it! 50 you are too busy pursuing something to notice anything bitter, happiness will occur.”‎ From the story I got to know that happiness 51 hides behind every tiny thing that you are involved in, and that you may only get pleasure through 52 work and creativity.‎ We may have to 53 pain in our daily life and in the process of 54 happiness. Sometimes we tend to look for happiness in 55 things, like a new car, clothes, etc. True long term ‎ happiness, however, comes from within our 56 and spirit. So why not turn suffering into 57 life, and 58 tears into the light in your heart? Only in this way can we make it through and find true happiness.‎ So my dear friends, just remember happiness is a state of mind and a matter of 59 , and I 60 you all a life of happiness.‎ ‎41. A. led to B. stuck to C. belonged to D. turned to ‎ ‎42.A. hold B. lay C. stood D. laid ‎43. A. apart from B. other than C. instead of D. in case of ‎44. A. boat B. room C. bridge D. hospital ‎45. A. set down B. set about C. set out D. set up ‎46. A. run B. stood C. rowed D. made ‎ ‎47.A. sadness B. joy C. appointment D. hope ‎48. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t ‎ ‎49. A. explained B. said C. announced D. added ‎ ‎50. A. Unless B. Whenever C. Until D. However ‎51. A. never B. always C. ever D. seldom ‎52. A. careful B. limit C. hard D. effective ‎53. A. experience B.escape C. appreciate D. delay ‎54. A. seeking B. searching C. creating D. improving ‎55. A. spiritual B. good C. fresh D. material ‎56. A. body B. brain C. soul D. heart ‎57. A. blaming B. praising C.criticizing D. accusing ‎58. A. turn B. put C. divide D. draw ‎59.A. time B. energy C. fact D. choice ‎60. A. promise B. wish C. take D. demand ‎【试题分析】幸福是什么呢？一群寻求幸福未果的年轻人去找苏格拉底问询建议，苏格拉底没有回答他们，相反却让他们去造船，他们辛辛苦苦地把船造好后，然后无比开心地去试水，此时苏格拉底告诉他们这就是幸福。其实幸福是一种心态，人们可以去选择幸福。‎ ‎41.D 动词短语辨析。A. 导致；B. 坚持；C. 保持；D.‎ ‎ 转向。根据上下文可知他们遇到困难了前去找人求助，turn to sb for advice“转向某人求助”，所以选D。‎ ‎42.B动词辨析。A. 握住；B. 躺，位于，在于；C.站；D.产卵。根据情理可知他们找不到幸福，于是去问苏格拉底幸福在哪里，其他选项不合语境。‎ ‎43.C介词短语辨析。A. 分离；B. 比其他；C. 代替，相反；D. 以免。从转折词But可以判断苏格拉底没告诉他们答案，而是让他们去干活，所以选C。‎ ‎44.A名词辨析。A. 船；B. 房间；C.桥；D. 医院。根据下文They launched the canoe into a river,可知苏格拉底让他们造的是一艘小船，选A。‎ ‎45.B动词短语辨析。A. 记下；B. 开始做；C. 启程；D. 设立。根据词义搭配可知此处指他们不得不开始干活 ，答案选B。‎ ‎46.C动词辨析。A. 跑；B. 站；C. 划船；D. 使得。根据前句They launched the canoe into a river,可以判断他们坐到船里去划船，选C。‎ ‎47.B名词辨析。A. 悲伤 ；B. 欢乐；C. 失望；D. 希望。根据空前词singing可以判断他们是开心地唱歌，选B。‎ ‎50.A连词辨析。A. 无论何时；B. 除非；C. 为止；D. 然而。根据前后两个句子的关系可知此处指时间，句意：当你们忙着追求一个目标而注意不到有痛苦，困苦存在的时候，幸福就会出现。‎ ‎51.B副词辨析。A. 从不；B. 总是；C. 曾经；D. 几乎不。根据情理可知作者认为幸福总是隐藏在每个小事的背后，答案选B。‎ ‎52.C形容词辨析。 A. 小心的；仔细的B.有限的；C.艰苦的；D. 有效的。从上述故事可知人们只有在经历困苦之后，才会有收获的喜悦和快乐，所以选C。‎ ‎53.A动词辨析。A.经历；B. 避免；逃脱；C. 欣赏；D. 延误。文中讲述的故事是苏格拉底告诉人们要在经历了艰难困苦之后才会体会到幸福，所以选A。‎ ‎54.A动词辨析。 A. 寻找；追寻；B. 搜索，寻找；C. 创新；D. 提高。根据文章首句There was once a group of young people searching everywhere for happiness以及故事内容可知作者指的是在寻找幸福的过程中，search sth/sb意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，所以答案选A。‎ ‎55.D形容词辨析。A.精神的；B. 好的；C.新鲜的；D.‎ ‎ 物质的。根据后面列举的事物可知这是物质追求，所以选D。‎ ‎56.C名词辨析。A.身体；B. 大脑；C. 灵魂，心灵；D. 心脏。从however判断此处指与前面所提到的物质追求是相反的，而且由and也可断定此空和spirit是同类的名词，所以选C。‎ ‎57.B动词辨析。 A. 责备；B.赞扬；C.批评；D. 指控。根据下文__tears into the light in your heart可知此处强调转变心态，把消极情绪变为积极情绪，选项中praising是褒义词，所以选B。‎ ‎58.A动词辨析。 A. 转变；B.放；C. 分离；D.画。根据前句why not turn suffering into 52 life可以判断此处填turn，选A。‎ ‎59.D名词辨析。A.时间；B. 能量；C. 事实；D. 选择。根据上文内容可知幸福是一种心态，人们可以选择去感受快乐，感激生活，所以答案选D。‎ ‎60.B动词辨析。A. 许诺；B. 希望，祝愿；C. 拿；D.要求。根据上文内容可知此处指作者的一种祝愿，句意 ：幸福是一种心态，是一件可以选择的事情，祝福你们所有的人幸福一生。‎ 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Geography is an important tool for learning and understanding history. Geography affects history—just look at thehttp://www.ks5u.com/ changes in world geography over recent years. Governments change, and __41_ countries were born.Many countries no longer have the same names they _42__even five years ago. Climate changes _43___events such as droughts(干旱) and floods that cause lots of loss of life and the movements of people from one place to another in search of_44__. Environmental changes can change the entire __45__of a community or region. ‎ As with history, children have a natural interest in_46__. Watch a group of children playing in the sand. One child makes streets for his cars, _47__ a second child builds houses along the_48__.A third scoops out a hole and_49___ the dirt to make a hill, then pours water in the _50__ to make a lake, using sticks for _51__. The children name the streets, and __52__ may even use a watering can to make_53__ that washes away a house. They may not realize it, _54___these children are learning some core features(核心特征)of geography—how people interact http://www.ks5u.com/with the Earth, how climate _55__land, and how places _56__each other through the movement of things from one place to another. Turning to maps or globes, When we talk with our children about vacation plans, events 57___around the world or historical events, we teach ‎ them a great deal about geography. Not only can such activities help our children learn how to use key reference tools,__58_ over time, they help them form their own mental maps of the world, which allows children to better organize and _59___information about other people, places, times and_60__. Such activities also help our children learn to how to work together in the future.‎ ‎41. A. new B. some C. many D. old ‎42. A. did B. do C. are D. have ‎43.A. bring about B. come about C. take place D. happen ‎44. A. relative B. safe C. help D.safety ‎45. A. people B. history C. nature D. housing ‎46. A. climate B. building C. environment D. geography.‎ ‎47. A. while B. but C. and D. so ‎48.A. paths B. streets C.railway D. ways ‎49. A. makes B.create C. pull D. uses ‎50. A. house B. street C. hole D. hill ‎51.A.houses B. bridges C. streets D. road ‎52. A. we B.he C. they D. workers ‎53. A. cloudy B. cover C. snow D. rain ‎ ‎54. A. but B. and C. yet D.still ‎55.A. effects B. affects C. affect D. influence ‎ ‎56.A. relate to B. concerned C. involving D. refer to ‎57.A. to happen B. happening C .happen D. happened ‎58. A. but B. and C.besides D. so ‎ ‎59.A. write B. read C. understand D.know ‎60. A. weather B. history C. climate D. events.‎ 完形填空：41—45AAADB 46—50DABDC 51-55BCDAB 56—60ABACD 完形填空：这篇短文主要讲述了地理是学习和理解历史的工具。‎ ‎41. A 政府改变了，新的国家诞生了。‎ ‎42.A did 在这里代替have又因为后面有过去的时间状语所以用过去时。‎ ‎43．A bring about引起；come about发生；take place发生；happen发生，后面三者不跟宾语。‎ ‎44. D 人们迁徙的目的是寻找安全，又因为介词短语后需用名词 ‎45. B 由于人们的迁徙而改变了一个社区的历史。‎ ‎46 D 根据下文“They may not realize it, but these children are learning some core features of geography—how people interact with the Earth, how climate affects land, and how places relate to each other through the movement of things from one place to another”这是学生对地理感兴趣。‎ ‎47. A 这里表示前后是对比关系，只有while有这种用法。‎ ‎48. B 根据“One child makes streets for his cars”可知这里指沿着街道建造房子。‎ ‎49. D根据make a hill可知这里是短语use sth to do用某物来做某事。‎ ‎50. C 根据上文A third scoops out a hole和下文make a lake可以推测出答案故选C。‎ ‎51. B根据上文make a lake可以推知孩子们要修建桥，故选B。‎ ‎52. C 根据The children name the streets可知这里用代词代替The children故选C。‎ ‎53. D 根据后面的定语that washes away a house.可知是雨水，故选D。‎ ‎59. C 只有理解了才能更好的去组织整理信息。‎ ‎60. D 根据“events happening around the world or historical events”可知。‎ 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分：满分20分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～40各题所给的四个选项（ A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。‎ When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my ___21___ when, at the age of 12, I ___22____ delegates at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them .“Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ____23____ poverty and finding environment answers, ____24____ a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to _____25_____ others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to ____26___, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the thing ‎ you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I ____27_____ you, please, to make your ____28______reflect your words.”‎ I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation（长时间的喝彩）. Some of the delegates ___29____ cried. I thought that maybe I had ____30____ some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励) action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.‎ When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make ____31_____ — education, career, lifestyle — life gets more and more ____32_____. We are beginning to feel _____33_____ to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is ____34____, but aren’t taught how to ____35_____ a happy, healthy or sustainable(可持续的) way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was ideal and _____36_____.‎ Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of _____37____ my children will grow up in. I know change is _____38____, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, ____39_____ if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the ______40_____ tide of change. ‎ ‎21.A.feeling B.pleasure C.enthusiasm D.disappointment ‎22.A. addressed B.argued C.instructed D.informed ‎23.A.helping B. ending C.destroying D.changing ‎24.A.which B.that C.what D.how ‎25.A. fight with B.compete with C.compare with D.argue with ‎26.A.gain B.share C.save D.enjoy ‎27.A. challenge B.respond C.forgive D.force ‎28.A.emotion B. actions C.inspiration D.deeds ‎29.A.even B.ever C.still D.already ‎30.A.satisfied B.reached C.emphasized D.disturbed ‎31.A.money B.friends C.living D. choices ‎32.A.necessary B.comfortable C.interesting D. complicated ‎33.A.happiness B. pleased C. pressure D.depression ‎34.A.in relief B.in peace C. in progress D.in danger ‎35.A.lead B.ignore C.find D. pursue ‎36.A.romantic B.beautiful C. innocent D.puzzling ‎37.A. environment B.house C.land D.condition ‎38.A.hard B. possible C.flexible D.fragile ‎49.A.though B.however C.and D. but ‎40.A. positive B.passive C.important D. independent ‎【文章大意】作者12岁时在里约地球峰会上发言，希望大人们能做到在学校教育孩子时的要求，解决贫困问题，找出治理环境的方法，建立一个和平、美丽的世界，他的发言受到各国代表热烈赞扬。十年后作者成为一个青年，虽然面对更为复杂、压力巨大的现实，他的初 ‎21.C考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A.feeling感觉；B.pleasure喜悦；C.enthusiasm热情，激情；D.disappointment失望。当时我12岁，我还记得我在Rio地球峰会上讲话的激情。故选C。‎ ‎22.A考查动词词义辨析。A. addressed演讲；B.argued 争论；C.instructed 教导；D.informed通知。当时我12岁，我还记得我在Rio地球峰会上讲话的激情。故选A。‎ ‎23.B考查动词词义辨析。A.helping 帮助；B. ending结束；C.destroying毁坏；D.changing改变。如果我们把花在战争上的钱花在消除贫穷上，那么，那将是多么美好的世界啊！‎ ‎24.C考查连词的用法。根据句子结构可知，这是个感叹句，因为后面是名词，所以用what；‎ ‎25.A考查动词短语辨析。A. fight with 互相打架；B.compete with相互竞争；C.compare with相互比较；D.argue with争论。在学校你们告诉我们，不要彼此打架。‎ ‎26.B考查动词词义辨析。A.gain获得；B.share分享； C.save解救；D.enjoy喜欢，享受。根据后面的not to be greedy可知，教会我们要学会分享，不要自私。‎ ‎27.A考查动词词义辨析。A. challenge挑战；对……提出质疑； B.respond反映，不及物动词；C.forgive 原谅；D.force强迫。根据前文的why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do?可知，我们对你们的教导提出质疑。因为你们在学校说的和你们做的不一样。故选A。‎ ‎28.B考查名词词义辨析。A.emotion情感；B. actions行动； C.inspiration激情；D.deeds事迹。此处your actions reflect your words.意为：言行一致。‎ ‎29.A考查副词的用法。A.even甚至；B.ever曾经；C.still仍然；D.already已经。我6分钟的演讲，赢得了长时间的喝彩。有的代表甚至哭了。‎ ‎30.B考查动词词义辨析。A.satisfied使满意；B.reached 触动；C.emphasized强调；D.disturbed打扰。也许我的演讲触动了一些代表。故选B。下文有提示词reach。‎ ‎31.D考查名词词义辨析。A.money钱；B.friends朋友；C.living生存；D. choices选择。根据文章后面的education, career, lifestyle可知，我们面临着许多选择。‎ ‎32.D考查形容词词义辨析。A.necessary必要的；B.comfortable舒适的；C.interesting有趣的；D. complicated复杂的。因为面临许多选择，所以我们的生活变得很复杂。‎ ‎33.C考查名词词义辨析。A.happiness幸福；B. pleased高兴的；C. pressure压力； D.depression郁闷。想成功和有所早就，我们就感到了压力。故选C。‎ ‎34.C考查介词短语的辨析。A.in relief如释重负；B.in peace平和；C. in progress前进；D.in danger处于危险中。有人教导我们经济在前进，没有人教导我们如何追寻幸福的、健康的和持续的生活方式。故选C。‎ ‎35．D考查动词词义辨析。A.lead引领；B.ignore忽视；C.find发现；D. pursue追寻。有人教导我们经济在前进，没有人教导我们如何追寻幸福的、健康的和持续的生活方式。故选D。‎ ‎38.B考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。A.hard艰难的；B. possible可能的；C.flexible灵活的；D.fragile脆弱的。我知道改变是可能的，因为我在变。故选B。‎ ‎39.D考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。A.though但是；B.however然而；C.and并且；D. but但是。Though用于句尾，且有逗号；however后有逗号。故选D。‎ ‎40.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. positive积极的；B. passive消极的；C.important重要的；D. independent 独立的。我们将成为改变的积极浪潮的一部分。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎