2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习

2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习

‎2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习 例题：‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside,they often get some useful informations from the internet.When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables！‎ 通过以上的改错练习我们发现：‎ 短文改错共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加（1-2处） 在缺词处添加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除（1-2处） 把多余的词用斜线划掉。‎ 修改（6-8处） 把错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上要修改的词。‎ 短文改错的考点是：名词，动词，形容词和副词，连词，冠词，代词，介词。‎ 考点一：名词 ‎1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.‎ ‎2.I have visited the Great Wall for several time.‎ 考点：可数名词与不可数名词的误用 常考的不可数名词：advice,news,progress,weather,homework,air,fun(快乐),furniture(家具),information,work,harm(伤害)，traffic(交通)，trouble(麻烦),joy（令人高兴的事），danger(危险)，baggage（luggage）,equipment(仪器)，luck(运气)，knowledge(知识),scenery(风景，景色)‎ ‎3.There are branch library in many villages.‎ 考点：可数名词单复数的错用。‎ 如何判断为名词的单数还是复数;(1) 看谓语动词单复数 （2） 看名词前的限定词: a/an(可数名词单数)，some, many, various, lots of/a lot of, several及数量词(可数名词复数)‎ （3） 根据句意、句型及常识。‎ ‎4.To my delighted, I pass the exam.‎ 考点：词性的转换。‎ 用n的情况：(1) n and n , (2) (a/an/the)+adj.+n , (3) 介词+n , (4) a/an/the + n, ‎ (5) 形容词性物主代词+n (6) 序数词+n ‎ ‎5.Good health is a person most valuable possession.‎ 考点：名词的格的误用。‎ （1） 根据句意， (2) 注意形式：’s(单数) s’(复数)‎ 相关练习题：‎ ‎1.Every year many tourist come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery and rich culture.‎ ‎2.Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gained in class to solve problem. 3. Nowadays with modern life going rapidly, many people suffer from different kind of  diseases, both mentally ‎ and  physically. ‎ ‎4.I’d like to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well.‎ ‎5.On a rainy day  I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop beside us.‎ ‎6.Polite words are one of the example.‎ ‎7.Of course, it’s strongly prohibited to buy or sell anything made of antelopes fur. ‎ ‎8.She told me that I didn't need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortcomings through my mistake.‎ ‎9.Of all the book I have read, Chicken soup for the soul is my favorite. ‎ ‎10.Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness.‎ 考点二：动词 ‎1.When I was a child, I i hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.‎ ‎2.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and left.‎ 通过以上，我们发现动词的考查有两种方式：谓语动词和非谓语动词。‎ ‎（一）谓语动词的考查 ‎1.As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here.‎ ‎2.Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel.‎ ‎3.My dream school look like a big garden.‎ 考点：谓语动词会考查时态、语态、主谓一致三个方面。‎ 时态：一般现在时 do/does （sometimes, often usually,........）‎ ‎ 一般过去式 did (yesterday/ last year....... / ......ago)‎ ‎ 一般将来时 will do/ am,is are going to do / am,is are about to do (tomorrow,/ next year......)‎ ‎ 现在进行时 am/is/are doing ‎ ‎ 过去进行时 was / were doing ‎ ‎ 现在完成时 has/have done (lately/recently/so far/ up to now/ until now/in the few years/ since)‎ ‎ 过去完成时 had done ‎ ‎ 过去将来时 would do 判断句子的时态：（1）根据时间状语来决定， （2）上下文的时态， （3）从句中时态体一致， （4）根据句意 语态：主动语态与被动语态的误用（删除be或添加be或改变时态）‎ 被动语态: 一般现在时 am / is /are done 一般过去时 was /were done ‎ ‎ 一般将来时 will be done 现在进行时 am/ is /are being done ‎ ‎ 过去进行时 was / were being done 现在完成时 has / have been done ‎ ‎ 过去完成时 had been done ‎ 主谓一致：找准主语和谓语动词，判断两者人称和数是否一致。‎ ‎(1)主谓不一致 就近原则：there be , or , not only ....but also , neither .....nor ....‎ 就远原则：with , along with, as well as ,rather than ‎ 定语从句中的主谓一致： 与先行词保持一致 many a+ n , more than +n ,each ,every 谓语用单数 a number of / the number of ‎ ‎( 2 ) 第三人称单数形式的错用：‎ ‎ 看主语是否为第三人称单数；是否为doing 或 to do 作主语： 是否为从句作主语 ‎（3）缺少动词 ，特别是be动词，注意there be 句型 相关练习：‎ ‎1. My dream school starts at 8:00 am and ends at 3:00 pm. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.‎ ‎2.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.  ‎ ‎3.We must found ways to protect our environment.‎ ‎4.Tony was scared and begun to cry. ‎ ‎5.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. ‎ ‎6. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. ‎ Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.‎ ‎7.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me  some basic steps of ‎ baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.‎ ‎8.Then, it also help to watch TV and read books.‎ ‎9. If you are me, would you talk to him?‎ ‎10.Since then --- for all these years --- we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. ‎ ‎（二）非谓语动词的考查 ‎ 考点： 主要考查非谓语动词的判定及形式的选择。‎ 回忆：非谓语动词如何判定 ‎ 非谓语动词的形式：to do 目的，将来，主动 to be done 将来，被动 ‎ doing 进行，主动 being done 进行；被动 ‎ done 完成，被动 having done 完成，主动 having been done 完成，被动 具体考点：1.动名词作主语（动词作主语，通常用doing的形式，注意主谓一致）‎ ‎2. 介词+doing作宾语（常见介词：on,in,at,of,for,about,with,without,after,before等）‎ ‎3.And 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（根据语境或语义进行调整）‎ ‎4.作定语、状语时的主动被动关系（找准逻辑主语）‎ 注意：doing和done之间的转化， having done和having been done之间的转化 ‎5.to do 不定式to的删除与添加（使役动词加不带to的不定式，在被动语态中还原to）‎ ‎6.固定搭配：‎ ‎ 跟to do 形式的词：decide, learn, want, plan, manage, pretend,offer, promise, agree 等 ‎ 跟doing形式的词：avoid, enjoy, mind, imagine, appreciate, look forward to, insist on , can’t help 等 相关练习：‎ ‎1.When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin.‎ ‎2.He became my first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful models.‎ ‎3.I won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school last year.‎ ‎4.Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which sounded like a kid’s song.‎ ‎5.Upon your arrival，there will be a party for you organizing by my classmates.‎ ‎6.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.‎ ‎7.Soon Dad’s friends came to our rescue, restart our car with new batteries.‎ ‎8.Make a speech used to be a big problem for me.‎ ‎9.Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. How dangerous it was! ‎ ‎10.Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moved.‎ 考点三：形容词和副词 ‎1.I’m very tiring.‎ 考点：注意v-ed 和v-ing形式的形容词的用法，‎ ‎-ed修饰人，-ing修饰物 ‎2.The global warming has become a very seriously problem.‎ ‎3.We can hear birds singing happy all round.‎ 考点：词性的误用 ‎ 用adj.的情况：（1）形容词修饰n (2) be+adj. (3) 感官动词（feel，taste，sound，smell，look）+adj.‎ (4) 联系动词+adj. （keep，stay，remain,become,turn）‎ (5) adj and adj (6) adv.+adj.‎ ‎ 用adv.的情况：（1）adv.修饰v. adj, adv. (2) adv.放在句首或句末 ‎（3）并列adv. （4）adv.单独使用（however，moreover，besides，otherwise......）‎ 1. I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.‎ 考点：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ‎ 用比较级的情况：（1） 比较级+than （2）比较级 and比较级 ‎ （3）否定式+比较级=最高级 （4）the+比较级+主谓， the+比较级+主谓 ‎ 用最高级的情况：（1）the+最高级 （2）one of the+最高级 相关练习：‎ ‎1.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take breaks regular.‎ ‎2. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.  ‎ ‎3. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ”  ‎ ‎4. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. ‎ ‎5. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. ‎ ‎6.Nearly five years before, with the help of my father, my sister and I grew some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. ‎ ‎7. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. ‎ ‎8. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! ‎ ‎9. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. ‎ ‎10. I  noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.‎ 考点四：连词 ‎1.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.‎ ‎2.He found where his parents were missing.‎ 通过以上可知连词的考查分为并列连词和从属连词。‎ ‎(一)从属连词:定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句（主要考查引导词的选择）‎ ‎（1）定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性 引导词：that，which，who,whom,whose,as,when, where,why ‎ ‎（2）名词性从句：从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用 ‎ 分类：主语从句：从句作主语；it作形式主语 ‎ 宾语从句：跟在vt和介词之后的从句； it作形式宾语 ‎ 表语从句：跟在系动词之后的从句 ‎ 同位语从句：解释说明名词和代词的从句 引导词：that， whether/if, what ,who, which, whom, whose, when ,where ,why how 以及+ever ‎(3)状语从句：‎ 常用引导词：when, while, if, unless, before, after, once, since, for, so that , in case, as long as , until, even if 等 ‎ 常考句型：（1）be doing ......when .... (2) be about to do .......when ..... (3)had just done ......when ‎ (4) no sooner....than (5) hardly/scarcely..........whenbefore ‎ ‎（二）并列连词：and but or 的相互转化 （1） 根据句意选择 ； （2）根据并列连词词组选择 ‎ ‎ not only......but also..... not ...... but...... neither....nor.... either.....or......... as well as ‎ 需要注意：（1）两个连词不能同时使用，如 and so.‎ ‎（2）两个句子不能都用连词。‎ ‎ （3）只有一个句子时不能用从属连词。‎ ‎ （4）although / but 不连用， because / so 不连用。‎ 相关练习：‎ ‎1.In fact, I don't like to go anymore, and I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.‎ ‎2.As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.‎ ‎3. It is so cold that you can 't go outside if fully covered in thick clothes.‎ ‎4. If you miss this chance, it may be years since you get another one.‎ ‎5. Actually, the London Olympic Park is built wherever there used to be a poor area called East London.‎ ‎6. My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just lying it aside.‎ ‎7. We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club.The number of member is limited.‎ ‎8.She listens attentively and tries to catch everything which the teachers say in class. ‎ ‎9.A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.‎ ‎10.As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.‎ ‎11.Her performances on the stage were perfect, that made a lot of people admire her.‎ ‎12.We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.‎ ‎13.I have three foreign teachers, two of them are from Canada.‎ ‎14.I finally knew the reason what she didn't talk to me and comforted her.‎ ‎15.Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.‎ 考点五：冠词 ‎1.Rose comes from an European country.‎ ‎2.Now I live in a city, but I miss my home in country.‎ 考点：冠词主要考查零冠词，不定冠词和定冠词。‎ 1. 名词前不加冠词的情况：（1）不可数名词，复数名词表泛指（2）季节，三餐，球类，时间，星期前不加冠词 2. 只用a/an的情况：（1）a/an 表示泛指的单数名词时eg. a boy , an apple (2) 表示某一个，一个 ‎ (3) 固定搭配 如：have a good time ‎ 1. 只用the的情况：（1）表示特指这个或有修饰限定词时 （2）指上文已经提到的事物 ‎ (3) the+序数词+n (4) the +最高级+n ‎ （5）the+形容词/姓氏复数 表示一类人/一家人 （6）the+独一无二的事物 ‎ （7）动作+sb+介词+the+身体部位 take sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 ‎ ‎（8）固定搭配 ‎ 相关习题：‎ ‎1. That’s wonderful film. ‎ ‎2. I was asked to deliver the speech before the whole class at the age of 9!‎ ‎3. I'm looking forward to hearing a good news from you. ‎ ‎4. Sorry that I haven’t been in the touch for a while.‎ ‎5. My daughter, who is thirteen, is not a emotional person. ‎ ‎6. I still remember the days when I was child.‎ ‎7. In word, making any big decision alone can lead to problems.‎ ‎8. Now I have made such a great progress that I can speak English more fluently.‎ ‎9. Of many wonderful memories in my senior years, my New Year’s party of 2015 is most unforgettable one.‎ ‎10. For moment I felt ashamed but then I felt better.‎ 考点六：代词 ‎1.Rose is such a kind girl that we all like him very much.‎ ‎2.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.‎ ‎3.Just at that moment I woke up and found me still in the bed.‎ ‎4.We heard that Mr.Wang would teach our English this term.‎ ‎5.We don’t need to do so many homework.‎ 考点1：人称代词 人称前后不一致 如；例1‎ ‎ 人称前后单复数不一致，如例2‎ ‎ 代词的主格宾格及所有格 考点2：反身代词：（前边出现人称代词，后边仍需要此人称代词，此时用反身代词）‎ 考点3： 不定代词 many+可数名词复数，much+不可数名词 ‎ Both两者都 either两者任何 neither两者都不 ‎ all 三者以上都 any三者及以上任何 none三者都不 ‎ another另外一个 One.....the other ....一个....另一个 it 同类同物 that同类不同物 相关习题：‎ ‎1.Much rare animals are dying out.‎ ‎2.We must find ways to protect your environment.‎ ‎3.Close to school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.‎ ‎4.I want to do anything special for him at his retirement party.‎ ‎5.It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.‎ ‎6.How do you think I should do?‎ ‎7.They are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.‎ ‎8.We don’t need to do so many homework.‎ ‎9.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot the arrows at the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.‎ ‎10.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.‎ 考点七：介词 He never dream becoming rich in a short period of time.‎ 考点：介词在改错中主要考查基本用法和固定搭配。‎ 介词破解点：1.与时间，地点，原因，方式搭配。 2.vt后多介词enter into，return back ‎3. Vi后漏介词 4.介词后+ing形式 相关练习：‎ ‎1.People are friendly at animals ‎2.I have dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.‎ ‎3.I have told myself over and over again that I’ll concentrate more to studies.‎ ‎4.You may attend to English classes to feel a different learning style.‎ ‎5.The host family will also show you off some famous places of interest.‎ ‎6.Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. ‎ ‎7.It will make you familiar to Chinese characters and enlarge your vocabulary before you notice it.‎ ‎8.Only saying polite words can you get on well with others ‎9.When I first go to there, I found it hard to use English properly.‎ ‎10.The government and the local people take powerful measures to protect antelopes so that they will not die in the future.‎ 短文改错练习：‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在其下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ 2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎（一）‎ How time flies! A week have passed before I noticed it. Looking back on the things that happening last week, I found the life here full with happiness and interests. I can still remember the first day of the summer camp. I came to my bedroom by myself. When I opened a door, I saw a girl with short hair seating in a chair with a book in her hand. She must be a quiet girl who liked reading, I thought myself at the time. After we said hello to each other, other girl came in with a big noise. Her name was Rose. She was so outgoing and humor that both Cherry and I couldn’t help laughing at her words. Then we had studied and had meals together, and became good friends. I can’t forget the day when we spent together no matter where we are in the future.‎ ‎（二）‎ Dear Li Hua,‎ I am glad to receive your letter. I can understand how sad you are as they have to transfer to other school. But everything will be fine when you adapt to your new surrounding. In your letter, you asked me about my first school. In my memory, my first school was very large with each classroom beautiful decorated. There was a big square lies in the center of the schoolyard. And I could have good view of the square from my classroom windows. My favorite teacher was my English teacher which was patient with me. Besides, I had met my best friend Peter in the school, to whom I still keep in touch even though we are in different schools now. I hope you will make new friends but enjoy your time in the new school.‎ ‎（三）‎ In a couple of week,we will say goodbye to our school.How the time flies!I will never forget the past three years that I have enjoyed a wonderfully journey with all of my teachers and classmates.To make the journey fruitful,our teachers devoted his time and energy to us.Thanks so much to your help and guidance,my dear teachers!I really appreciated it.‎ Before long,we'll start a new journey,and there may be a lot of difficulties in do everything in the future.I know there are no end to the things that we can accomplish,and tomorrow is the beginning of the hardest part of our life.May you happy and successful all the time in your new life!‎