【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十 ‎[一]‎ PhoneSoap: Charge and Clean Your Phone You may charge your phone every day, but do you clean your phone as much? Whatever your hands touch, your phones touch. It has been discovered that some phones have 18 times more bacteria and viruses than any surface in a public restroom. So it probably won’t surprise you that a 2011 University‎ of ‎London study found that one in six of our phones have bacteria and viruses on them—specifically, the bacteria called E. coli.‎ The research on bacteria and viruses led to the invention of PhoneSoap. It is not actually liquid like dishwasher soap. It is a phone charger that uses the electromagnetic radiation (辐射) used in hospitals to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria and viruses, cleaning your phone while it charges.‎ ‎“There are really certain types of bacteria and viruses that we should not be in touch with, and they are really on our phones,” says Wes Barnes, the PhoneSoap co-founder. It all started while his cousin and co-founder, Dan LaPorte, was in his cancer research lab at college. “He realized he got the idea of getting rid of bacteria and viruses on the phones,” said Barnes. “In the lab they used UV-C light for destroying them. He realized this would be the fastest, most powerful way to kill any bacteria and viruses living on electronic machines.”‎ PhoneSoap looks like a little metal suitcase. Your phone rests in to charge and get cleaned at the same time. Instead of plugging your phone into the wall, you’d plug it into the PhoneSoap charger box. The process only takes a few minutes but, Barnes says, “The idea is that you can leave it in there overnight if you want to keep charging. Reflective paint keeps the light completely around the phone so it cleans the phone fully.”‎ The co-founders spent 2013 finding the right companies and they started shipping the product in late November. By last week’s International ‎ Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, PhoneSoap was all grown-up. Both co-founders have left their previous jobs and are selling PhoneSoap nonstop. “We’re shipping almost more than we can handle each day,” Barnes says. “It’s been a great adventure.”‎ ‎28.We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.‎ A. phones can be very dirty ‎ B. phones are where bacteria are born C. most phones are attacked by bacteria ‎ D. phones store more bacteria in a restroom ‎29.According to the passage, PhoneSoap ______.‎ A. takes a whole night to kill bacteria ‎ B. deals with bacteria with radiation C. is a kind of liquid like dishwasher soap ‎ D. has to be plugged into the wall to work ‎30. From what Barnes said in the last paragraph, we can infer that ______.‎ A. PhoneSoap is in great demand now ‎ B. PhoneSoap is really hard to handle C. they can’t produce enough PhoneSoap D. they’ll make improvements to PhoneSoap ‎31.What’s the passage mainly about?‎ A. Methods of cleaning phones. ‎ B. Tips on charging phones quickly.‎ C. Soap killing harmful bacteria on phones.‎ D. A phone charger keeping your phone clean.‎ 参考答案：28-31ABAD ‎[二]‎ Most nations have at least one type of food that people from other countries think is unusual or unacceptable to eat. In France, people eat horse meat and frog legs. In South Korea and parts of China, restaurants serve dog meat. And in Australia, it’s common to cook kangaroo meat on the barbecue and use emu eggs to make pancakes.‎ ‎ The kangaroo and emu are native to Australia. Both animals are important to the national image of Australia and appear on the Australian coat of arms. They’re also central figures in the history of the native Australians. However, they still hunt these animals for their meat, fur and fat.‎ ‎ Today, Australian people continue to eat these animals. One of the reasons people eat kangaroo meat is that it’s high in protein and low in fat, so eating kangaroo is a good option for anyone on a diet. It’s also cheaper to eat kangaroo meat than other red meats. Because of this, a lot of university students choose to buy kangaroo meat. BBC News also reported that Australian scientists believe that eating kangaroo meat is good for the environment--kangaroos have different digestive systems than cows and sheep, meaning they produce less methane，the second biggest contributor to global warming.‎ ‎ While emu meat is high in iron and vitamin C, most people don’t think it tastes good. For this reason, they prefer emu eggs. One egg is large enough to make seven omelettes（煎蛋）. And while it’s illegal to collect emu eggs from the wild, they can be bought from emu farms. Rather than cracking the beautiful dark shell, it’s better to dry it by putting a small hole at each end and blowing. Afterwards, you can even carve a design into the eggshell.‎ ‎25. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? __________.‎ A. To present different cultures’ meat-eating preferences B. To suggest that people try to understand other countries’ diets C. To introduce people eat kangaroo meat and emu eggs in Australia D. To compare different eating habits among different countries ‎26. According to the article, the kangaroo __________.‎ A. is not considered precious in Australia B. is considered healthy and environmentally friendly to eat C. faces extinction due to hunting by Aboriginal tribes D. contains large amounts of iron and vitamins in its meat ‎27. Which of the following statements is TRUE about emu eggs?‎ A. Emu eggs taste terrible but are nutritious.‎ B. The shells of emu eggs are not difficult to break.‎ C. It’s common for Australians to collect emu eggs from the wild.‎ D. Emu egg shells can be used to create art.‎ 参考答案：25-27CBD ‎[三]‎ Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar ‎ pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case.‎ The ridge (脊状) structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one which bears a reproduction of the original pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.‎ Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer's ink. They can be recorded easily. With special methods, identification (识别)can be achieved successfully within a short time. Because of the simplicity and low cost of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.‎ When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. Special techniques are used to “print” them. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.‎ ‎24. Scientists and experts have proved that the pattern of a human being's finger skin____.‎ A. is similar to his mother's B. is valuable to himself only C. is like that of others with the same type of blood D. is different from that of all others ‎25. If your fingers are wounded by knife, fire or other means, the structure of skin will _____.‎ A. be changed partly B. be replaced by a different one C. be the same when the wound is recovered D. become ugly ‎26. Some criminals remove their own finger-prints by ______.‎ A. using printer's ink B. injuring the inner skin C. damaging the outer skin D. damaging the colour ‎27. Finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case because it ______.‎ A. is complicated but reliable B. is simple and not expensive C. is expensive but easy to do D. can bring a lot of money 参考答案：24—27 DCBB ‎ ‎[四]‎ ‎ Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.‎ ‎ Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.‎ ‎ People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.‎ ‎ Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.‎ ‎ Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus ‎ on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.‎ ‎26. People volunteer mainly out of __________.‎ ‎ A. internal needs B. social expectations ‎ C. financial rewards D. academic requirements ‎ 27. What can we learn from the Florida study?‎ ‎ A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. ‎ ‎ B. Strategy training is a must in research. C. Volunteers should get mentally prepared ‎ ‎ D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice..‎ ‎28. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?‎ ‎ A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Role identity as a volunteer.‎ ‎ C. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts. D. Practical advice from researchers.‎ ‎29. What is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors ‎ C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities 参考答案：26-29 ACBA ‎ [五]‎ ‎ In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.‎ ‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented ‎ by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ ‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ ‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ ‎ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.‎ ‎ In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ ‎ Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?‎ ‎ From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government ‎ and tax-payers back to the producers.‎ ‎23. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that __________.‎ ‎ A. the weight of e-goods is rather small ‎ B. natural minerals contain more precious metals ‎ C. E-waste deserves to be made good use of ‎ D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste ‎24. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended __________.‎ ‎ A. from producers to governments B. from distributors to governments ‎ C. from individuals to distributors D. from governments to producers ‎25. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ ‎ A. The increase in e-waste. B. The management of e-waste. ‎ C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The creation of e-waste.‎ 参考答案：23-25．CDB ‎[六]‎ The Tower‎ of ‎London was first built by William the Conqueror for the purpose of protecting and controlling the city. Today it is one of the most popular tourist attractions and attracts over three million visitors a year.‎ It was occasionally used as a Royal Palace for the Kings and Queens of England until the time of James I but is best known as a prison and an execution(死刑) place. Within the walls of the Tower, princes have been murdered, spies shot, and Queens of England beheaded. One of the most famous executions was that of Anne Boleyn in 1536. She was the second wife of Henry VIII. He wanted to get rid of her because she could not give him a son. She was tried and found guilty. The sword and the executioner were brought over specially from France and with one stroke the executioner cut off her head.‎ The Tower was also the scene of one of London’s most famous mysteries, ‎ known as the mystery of the Princes in the Tower. King Edward IV died in 1483. He had two sons, Edward and Richard, and the elder, Edward, became the king on his father’s death. As he was only 12 years old, his uncle (Richard, Duke of Gloucester) became his Protector until the time of his coronation. Young Edward lived in the Tower, and the Duke persuaded Edward’s brother to come and live there as well so that they could play together. But then the Duke announced that he was the new king, and he, not Edward, was crowned(加冕), calling himself Richard III.‎ After that, the boys were seen less and eventually disappeared. It is believed that Richard III ordered their deaths, although it has never been proved. Today, the Tower where the boys were imprisoned(囚禁) in the Bloody Tower.‎ ‎24．The Tower of London was first intended________.‎ A. to attract tourists ‎ B. for the conqueror to protect and control the city of London ‎ C. for William the Conqueror to protect the people from invasion(侵略)‎ D. to defend the country from invasion ‎25．The Tower of London became_________.‎ A. a place for the rulers after James I came to power B. a place for execution of common people at the time of James I C. a place of attraction for tourists right after it was built D. a place to imprison and execute people after James I was crowned ‎26．Anne Boleyn _______.‎ A. was executed because she had committed a crime B. was beheaded because she had lost the king’s favour C. was imprisoned in the Tower‎ of ‎London for life D. was sentenced to death after she had given birth to a child ‎27．After the death of King Edward IV_______.‎ A. Duke of Gloucester came to power according to the law B. his brother became the Protector until Edward was crowned C. Duke of Gloucester took over the crown by cheating his nephews D. his son was beheaded in public 参考答案：24---27 BDBC ‎ ‎[七]‎ ‎“Pop” stands for popular, and a pop singer has to work very hard to stay popular. He must either give the public what they want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he cannot relax. Then he must work harder than ever to remain popular, because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer isn’t easy at all. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the fans. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singer. They buy his records, they go to his concerts, and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm is so hysterical(歇斯底里的) that they do anything to get a souvenir(纪念品). They steal handkerchief, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of unfortunate singer’s hair. Many singers have been forced to hide, and some who have not been so lucky as to escape have been stripped(剥) practically naked by their fans. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes because he must always look smart, or at any rate, different. He must have an expensive car. And most importantly, he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public. 28. Pop singer works very hard ___________. A. to get attention       B. to stay popular   ‎ B. to get more money    D. to sell more records ‎29. The underlined word “annoying” in the second paragraph means__________. A. lovely     B. friendly      ‎ C. boring     D. angry 30. A pop singer has a lot of clothes in order to keep himself _________. A. smart and the same    ‎ B. smart and different  ‎ C. healthy and young    ‎ D. rich and strong 31. A suitable title for this passage might be _______. A. The Way to Become a Pop Singer ‎ B. The Fans of the Pop Singer C. The Pop Singers                        ‎ D. The Success of Pop Singers 参考答案：28-31.BABCB ‎[八]‎ The organic food has gained a lot of popularity as they are being considered as healthier and tastier. A fair number of people advocate a large-scale shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture. But this might not seem well-founded.‎ Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. Conventional farming gets more and more crop per square foot of land, which can mean less wilderness needs to be transformed to farmland.‎ To make farming more efficient, conventional agriculture uses a significant amount of synthetic fertilizer(合成肥料) each year, and all that nitrogen(氮) enables much faster plant growth. However, the cost is paid in vast polluted dead zones at the mouths of many of the world’s rivers, because much of the nitrogen ends up running off the soil and into the oceans. This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment.‎ To weaken the environmental impact of agriculture, improve soil quality as well as produce healthier foods, some farmers have turned to organic farming. Environmentalists have also welcomed organic food as better for the planet than the food produced by agricultural corporations. Organic practices—refusing artificial fertilizers and chemical pesticides—are considered far more sustainable. Sales of organic food rose 7.7% in 2010, up to $26.7 billion—and people are making those purchases for their moral senses as much as their tongues.‎ Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the math and comes to a hard conclusion: organic farming produces 25% fewer crops on average than conventional agriculture. This is definitely a downside of organic farming, especially when global population is still growing rapidly.‎ In the Nature analysis, scientists performed an analysis of 66 studies comparing conventional and organic methods across 34 different crop species, from fruits to grains. They found that organic farming delivered a lower output for every crop type, though the difference varied widely. For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed conventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetables—all of which provide the world’s main calories—conventional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%. ‎ What that means is that while organic farming may be more sustainable than conventional agriculture, there are trade-offs(此消彼长) with each. So an ideal global agriculture system may borrow the best from both systems rather than upholding merely organic or conventional practices.‎ ‎32. The purpose of the passage is to ___________.‎ A. compare two types of farming B. criticize conventional agriculture C. discuss the development of farming D. argue for a realistic agriculture system ‎ ‎33. According to the passage, conventional farming ___________.‎ A. produces more crops with fewer fertilizers B. achieves efficiency at a huge cost to the environment C. offers a long-term solution to global demand for food D. performs far better for each crop type than organic farming ‎34. The author may agree with ___________.‎ A. employing organic farming to plant rice B. adopting organic practices to grow potato C. using conventional methods to plant cabbage D. applying conventional farming to growing apple ‎35. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?‎ A. B.‎ C. D.‎ CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion ‎ 参考答案：32-35 DBCA ‎[九]‎ Robots have proved to be valuable tools for soldiers, surgeons and homeowners hoping to keep the carpet clean. But in each case, they are designed and built specifically for the job. Now there is a movement under way to build multipurpose machines-robots that can move about in changing environments such as offices or living rooms and work with their hands.‎ All-purpose robots are not, of course, a new idea. “It’s been five or 10 years from happening for about 50 years,” says Eric Berger, co – director of the Personal Robotics Program at Willow Garage, a Silicon Valley organization. The delay is in part because even simple tasks require a set of capabilities. For a robot to fetch a mug, for example, it needs to make sense of data gathered by a variety of sensors – laser scanners identifying potential blocking objects, cameras searching for the target, force feedback in the fingers that grasp the mug, and more. Yet Berger and other experts are confident that real progress could be made in the next decade.‎ The problem, according to Willow Garage, is the lack of a common platform for all that computational effort. Instead of enlarging the capabilities of a single machine, everyone is designing robots and the software to control them, from the ground up. To help change this, Willow Garage is currently producing 25 copies of its model PR2 (for “Personal Robot 2”), a two – armed, wheeled machine that can switch off the electricity, open doors and move through a room. Ten of the robots will stay in – house, but 10 more will go to outside research groups, and everyone will share their advances. “This way,” Berger says, “ if you want to build the robotic equivalent (等同物) of a Twitter (推特网站), you won’t start by constructing a computer. You build the thing that’s new.”‎ ‎57. The robots are mentioned to do some specific jobs EXCEPT in ________ . ‎ A．battle fields B．operation room C．people’s houses D．wild fields ‎58. The multipurpose robot may be identified as a machine that_________. ‎ A．can move about in changing environments and work with their hands B．can make sense of data gathered by a variety of sensors C．has a huge set of abilities to finish all the simple tasks D．has identifying laser scanners, searching cameras and force feedback ‎59. Willow Garage is currently producing 25 copies of its model PR2 so as to________. ‎ A．design robots and the software to control them B．change the way of new robot construction research C．open doors and go to outside research groups D．go through the room and stay in-house ‎60. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A．To build all-purpose robots is an absolutely new movement under way.‎ B．Building all-purpose robots was delayed because of its complexity.‎ C．The idea to build all-purpose robots appeared about 50 years ago.‎ D．Everyone will share their advances for they are all-purpose robots. ‎ 参考答案：57-60 DABC ‎[十]‎ Chinese audiences seemed not to have been satisfied with the third season of the highly anticipated food documentary A Bite of China.‎ Picky viewers complain that some of the narration is not accurate, while others pinpoint misleading content. At the same time, food blogger @barbara questioned whether it is appropriate to give a close-up shot of the poisonous plant Nandina（南天竺）in a food program.‎ A Bite of China, which debuted in 2012, became hugely popular nationwide ‎ for its quality introduction of some rarely-known and mouth-watering domestic cuisine. In the new show, however, watchers are not satisfied with “irrelevant” food references, such as lipsticks made of Chinese traditional medicine and martial arts master.‎ The first episode introduced a hand-made iron frying pan from east China’s Shandong province, which prompted thousands of Chinese Internet users to buy one from China’s leading e-commerce website Tmall in the next few days. Sales of the pan at “Zhensanhuan” surged 6,000 times compared with a year ago, according to Beijing Youth Daily.‎ In response to overwhelming criticism and questions, A Bite of China production crew responded on Weibo that they seek innovation despite the risks following the first two phenomenal seasons.‎ ‎“It is unavoidable to make comparisons with the first two, and some audiences may not accept the changes,” the crew said. “We explore the culture and civilization behind food, and give food a historic touch. That’s why we feature culinary（烹饪的）tools, feast and rituals, as well as a healthy diet to show Chinese wisdom and philosophy, which has not been shown in any food programs before.”‎ ‎28. Why does the passage mention Nandina?‎ A. Because some of the narration is not accurate.‎ B. Because it may be improper to give a close-up shot of a poisonous plant.‎ C. Because it is misleading content.‎ D. Because it is not attractive at all to most picky viewers.‎ ‎29. Which of the following elements leads to viewers’ dissatisfaction with the new show?‎ A. some mouth-watering domestic cuisines B. food-unrelated items C. some rarely-known cuisines D. the increasing sales of the pan at “Zhensanhuan”‎ ‎30. According to its production crew, what is unique to ‘A Bite of China III’?‎ A. It makes comparisons with the first two episodes.‎ B. It tells the story of some martial arts related to food.‎ C. It receives overwhelming criticism and questions from audience.‎ D. It focuses on cooking tools, rituals and healthy eating.‎ ‎31. What is the best the title for the passage?‎ A. A Bite of China III' Draws Criticism from Audiences B. A Bite of China III' Maintains High Viewership Ratings C. A Bite of China III' Changes for the Worse D. A Bite of China III' Explains its Purposes 参考答案：28—31 BBDA