专题21阅读理解——社会生活、文化教育类-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题21阅读理解——社会生活、文化教育类-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎【19年新课标要求与考纲】‎ 普通高中英语课程强调对学生语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的综合培养，具有工具性和人文性融合统一的特点。普通高中英语课程应在义务教育的基础上，帮助学生进一步学习和运用英语基础知识和基本技能，发展跨文化交流能力，为他们学习其他学科知识、汲取世界文化精华、传播中华文化创造良好的条件，也为他们未来继续学习英语或选择就业提供更多机会；普通高中英语课程同时还应帮助学生树立人类命运共同体意识和多元文化意识，形成开放包容的态度，发展健康的审美情趣和良好的鉴赏能力，加深对祖国文化的理解，增强爱国情怀，坚定文化自信，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，为学生未来参与知识创新和科技创新，更好的适应世界多极化、经济全球化和社会信息化奠定基础。‎ 学科核心素养 学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。‎ ‎1.语言能力 语言能力指在社会情境中，以听、说、读、看、写等方式理解和表达意义的能力，以及在学习和使用语言的过程中形成的语言意识和语感。英语语言能力构成英语学科核心素养的基础要素。英语语言能力的提高蕴含文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的提升，有助于学生拓展国际视野和思维方式，开展跨文化交流。‎ ‎2.文化意识 文化意识指对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同，是学生在全球化背景下表现出的跨文化认知、态度和行为取向。文化意识体现英语学科核心素养的价值取向。文化意识的培育有助于学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，树立人类命运共同体意识，学会做人做事，成长为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。‎ ‎3. 思维品质 思维品质指思维在逻辑性、批判性、创新性等方面所表现的能力和水平。思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征。思维品质的发展有助于提升学生分析和解决问题的能力，使他们能够从跨文化视角观察和认识世界，对事物作出正确的价值判断。‎ ‎4.学习能力 学习能力指学生积极运用和主动调适英语学习策略、拓高英语学习渠道、努力提升英语学习效率的意识和能力。学习能力构成英语学科核心素养的发展条件。学习能力的培养有助于学生做好英语学习的自我管理，养成良好的学习习惯，拓宽学习渠道，提高学习效率。‎ 英语学科核心素养的基础，包括六个要素：主题语境、语篇类型、语言知识、文化知识、语言技能和学习策略。主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然，涉及人文社会科学和自然科学领域等内容，为学科育人提供话题和语境；语篇类型包括口语和书面语篇以及不同的文体形式，如记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文、访谈、对话等连续性文本，以及图表、图示、网页、广告、漫画等非连续性文本，为语言学习提供文体素材；语言知识涵盖语音知识、词汇知识、语法知识、语箱知识和语用知识，是构成语言能力的重要基础；语言技能分理解性技能和表达性技能，具体包括听、说、读、看（viewing)、写等，学生基于语篇所开展的学习活动即是基于这些语言技能，理解语篇和对语篇作出回应的活动；文化知识指中外优秀人文和科学知识，既包含物质文明知识，也包含精神文明知识，是学生形成跨文化意识、涵养人文和科学精神、坚定文化自信的知识源泉；学习策略包括元认知策路、认知策略、交际策略、情感策略等，有效选择和使用策略是帮助理解和表达、提高学习效率的手段，是学生形成自主学习和终身学习能力的必备条件。‎ 普通高中英语课程的内容要求按照以上六大要素，即主题语境、语篇类型、语言知识、文化知识、语言技能和学习策略，描述所规定的学习内容及要求。主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会和人与自然，涵盖整个高中阶段所涉及的主题内容，不分课程类别进行描述；其他五项内容要素均按照必修、选择性必修和选修三类课程描述具体的内容要求。本课程标准还针对每项内容要素（含子要素）给出具体的教学提示，以帮助教师在实施各项具体内容的教学中解决好常见的问题。‎ 主题语境 主题为语言学习提供主题范围或主题语境。学生对主题意义的探究应是学生学习语言的最重要内容，直接影响学生语篇理解的程度、思维发展的水平和语言学习的成效。在人与自我、人与社会和人与自然这三大主题语境中，人与自我涉及“生活与学习”“做人与做事”等两个主题群下的9项子主题；人与社会涉及“社会服务与人际沟通”“文学、艺术与体育”“历史、社会与文化”“科学与技术”等四个主题群下的16项子主题；人与自然涉及“自然生态”“环境保护”“灾害防范”“字宙探索”等四个主题群下的7项子主题。所有主题语境都应包含中外文化的范畴。‎ 主题语境 主题群 主题语境内容要求 人 与 生活与学习 做人与做事 ‎1.个人、家庭、社区及学校生活；‎ ‎2.健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度；‎ 自 我 ‎3.认识自我，丰言自我，完善自我；‎ ‎4.乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习；‎ ‎5.语言学习的规律、方法等；‎ ‎6.优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任；‎ ‎7.生命的意义与价值；‎ ‎8.未来职业发展趋势。个人职业倾向、未来规划等；‎ ‎9.创新与创业意识。‎ 人 与 社 会 社会服务与人际沟通 文学、艺术与体育 历史、社会与文化 科学与技术 ‎1.良好的人际关系与社会交往；‎ ‎2.公益事业与志愿服务；‎ ‎3.跨文化沟通、包容与合作；‎ ‎4.小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名 著等；‎ ‎5.绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物；‎ ‎ 6.影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展；‎ ‎7.体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神；‎ ‎8.不同民族文化习俗与传统节日；‎ ‎9.对社会有突出贡献的人物；‎ ‎10.重要国际组织与社会公益机构；‎ ‎11.法律常识与法治意识等；‎ ‎12.物质与非物质文化遗产：‎ ‎13.社会热点问题；‎ ‎14.重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源；‎ ‎15.社会进步与人类文明；‎ ‎16.科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神。‎ 人 与 自 然 自然生态 环境保护 灾害防范 宇宙探索 ‎1.主要国家地理概况；‎ ‎2.自然环境、自然遗产保护；‎ ‎3.人与环境、人与动植物；‎ ‎4.自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护；‎ ‎5.人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系；‎ ‎6.自然科学研究成果；‎ ‎7.地球与宇宙奥秘探索。‎ ‎【高考考纲和新课标的关系】‎ 高考考纲和新课标是统一的，因此19年的高考备考应该依据考纲，结合新课标的学科素养要求进行。高考英语的阅读理解，应该以主题语境为引领。分类训练各种主题内容的阅读语篇。通过学习语篇，不断提高自己的语言能力。‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 预测一 高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。‎ 预测二 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。‎ 预测三 题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。‎ 它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议论文和记叙文为主。命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节、推理判断。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、细节事实理解。‎ 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问 46. Which of the following statements is(not) true correct?‎ 47. Which of the following is not mentioned?‎ 48. All of the following are true except...‎ 49. Ac cor ding to the passage. when. where why how how what which, etc...?‎ ‎1. 直接事实題 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找III。如：‎ A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.‎ This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New Yoik to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.‎ This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 193 6. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United State s. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.‎ Q： Hoover Dam lies_____________•‎ A.betweenArizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B ‎【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。‎ ‎2.间接事实题 ‎ 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。‎ Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.‎ Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never ‎ dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.‎ ‎“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.‎ Q：Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.‎ B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.‎ C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.‎ D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.‎ ‎【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 ‎ ‎3、数据推算。‎ If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .‎ A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400 ‎ 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：‎ ‎1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。‎ ‎2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。‎ ‎3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。‎ 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。‎ 一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容 ‎1.短文的标题（title,headline）； ‎2.短文或段落的主题（subject）； ‎3.中心思想(main idea)； ‎4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。‎ 二、此类题的设问方式 ‎1.What would be the best title for the text? ‎2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ‎3.What is the passage mainly about? ‎4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________. 考点三、推理推断。‎ 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。 此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： ‎1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. ‎2.What can be inferred from the Passage? ‎3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? ‎4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________. ‎5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. ‎6.The writer implies that__________. ‎7.It can be inferred that__________. ‎8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. ‎9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. ‎10.From the text we can conclude that__________. ‎11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. ‎12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? ‎13.The author is inclined to think that__________. ‎14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________. ‎15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? ‎16.In the writer’s opinion,... 近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如According to the passage...,It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。‎ 考点四、词义、句义猜测。‎ 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。 此类题的设问方式主要有 ‎1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by... ‎2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests... ‎3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... ‎4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。‎ ‎1.定义法。如:‎ Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.‎ 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。‎ It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.‎ 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。‎ The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.‎ 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。‎ ‎2.同位法。如:‎ They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.‎ 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。‎ We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.‎ 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。‎ ‎3.对比法。如:‎ She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.‎ but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。‎ ‎4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:‎ Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?‎ possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。‎ ‎5.因果法。如：‎ The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.‎ 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考试题 B【2018·全国I】‎ Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.‎ In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.‎ ‎"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,"‎ ‎ she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "‎ The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.‎ With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.‎ ‎24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?‎ A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.‎ C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family.‎ ‎25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?‎ A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.‎ C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.‎ ‎26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?‎ A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.‎ C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.‎ ‎27. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less ‎【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D ‎25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing ‎ recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。‎ ‎26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。‎ ‎27. 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。‎ 点睛：本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。‎ C【2018·全国I】‎ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many ‎ people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xk Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ ‎28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?‎ A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.‎ C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected ‎29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？‎ A. Complex. B. Advanced.‎ C. Powerful. D. Modem.‎ ‎30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?‎ A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400‎ C. About 2.400 D. About 1-200‎ ‎31. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. New languages will be created.‎ B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution.‎ ‎【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C ‎【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。‎ ‎28. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between ‎ them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。‎ ‎29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。‎ ‎30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。‎ ‎31. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。‎ 点睛：长难句解读 In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ 分析：and连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语，all和前面的名词短语是同位语。‎ 句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。‎ B【2018·全国II】‎ Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.‎ Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are ‎ antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.‎ When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zx.x.k If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.‎ ‎24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?‎ A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.‎ C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.‎ ‎25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?‎ A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.‎ C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.‎ ‎26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?‎ A. A dessert. B. A drink.‎ C. A container. D. A machine.‎ ‎27. From which is the text probably taken?‎ A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.‎ C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.‎ ‎【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B ‎【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。‎ ‎26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。‎ ‎27. 文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。‎ 点睛：做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如本题背划线的单词是juicer，我们都知道“er”是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁工具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的a juicer是表示物。‎ C【2018·全国II】‎ ‎ Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.‎ ‎ While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.‎ ‎ According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”‎ ‎ The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.zxx.k ‎ When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.‎ ‎ The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.‎ ‎ As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.‎ ‎28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?‎ A. Children’s reading habits.‎ B. Quality of children’s books.‎ C. Children’s after-class activities.‎ D. Parent-child relationships.‎ ‎29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?‎ A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.‎ C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.‎ ‎30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?‎ A. E-books are of poor quality.‎ B. It could be a waste of time.‎ C. It may harm children’s health.‎ D. E-readers are expensive.‎ ‎31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?‎ A. Act as role models for them.‎ B. Ask then to write book reports.‎ C. Set up reading groups for them.‎ D. Talk with their reading class teachers.‎ ‎【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A ‎【解析】据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。‎ ‎28.‎ ‎ 推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。‎ ‎29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。‎ ‎30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。‎ ‎31. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。‎ 点睛：作此类型的题时，一定要读懂第一段。第一段读懂了，整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意，第28题我们也不难看出答案，本文讲的肯定不是质量，不是活动也不是关系。而是习惯，即孩子们的阅读习惯。‎ D【2018·全国II】‎ We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. ‎ ‎ What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ ‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t ‎ even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social ‎ communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂‎ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂‎ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.‎ ‎32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?‎ A. Addiction to smartphones.‎ B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.‎ C. Absence of communication between strangers.‎ D. Impatience with slow service.‎ ‎33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?‎ A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.‎ C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals.‎ ‎34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?‎ A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence.‎ C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.‎ ‎35. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence ‎【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C ‎【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。‎ ‎32. 主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。‎ ‎33. 推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。‎ ‎34. 推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。‎ ‎35. 主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。‎ 点睛：我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是一句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇文章的把握，有利于做文章大意题。如35题，很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD都可以轻松排除。‎ B【2018·全国III】‎ Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896,‎ ‎ Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.‎ Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.‎ But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.‎ ‎24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?‎ A. Its business culture.‎ B. Its small population.‎ C. Its geographical position.‎ D. Its favourable climate.‎ ‎25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?‎ A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.‎ B. One out of five people got rich.‎ C. Almost everyone gave up.‎ D. Half of them died.‎ ‎26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?‎ A. They found the city too crowded.‎ B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.‎ C. They were unable to stand the winter.‎ D. They were short of food.‎ ‎27. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The rise and fall of a city.‎ B. The gold rush in Canada.‎ C. Journeys into the wilderness.‎ D. Tourism in Dawson.‎ ‎【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A ‎【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。‎ ‎24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。‎ ‎26. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。‎ ‎27. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。‎ ‎【点睛】主旨大意题的解题技巧：一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕Dawson的发展展开，Dawson反复出现，再根据每一段的段首句可以总结出，文章第一段通过城市发展的原因引出Dawson，第二段介绍Dawson发展的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，从而总结出文章的主旨大意。‎ D【2018·全国III】‎ Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own ‎ kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.‎ I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)‎ For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.‎ ‎32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.‎ C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.‎ ‎33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?‎ A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl C. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother ‎34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?‎ A. To try out an idea B. To show a parent's love C. To train his attention D. To help him start a hobby ‎35. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving ‎【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C ‎【解析】这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。‎ ‎32. 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。‎ ‎33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。‎ ‎34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。‎ ‎35. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。‎ ‎【点睛】 高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。‎ 语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。此题中第一题为词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第三句the good news is that I can …可以推断出，前后语义相反，后句中是live more with less，所以前句应该是“越多越好”的意思。‎ B【2018·浙江】‎ ‎ Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. ‎ ‎ Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these ‎ headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.‎ ‎ Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today ‎ The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.‎ ‎ Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.‎ ‎24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?‎ A. Help increase grocery sales.‎ B. Recycle the waste material.‎ C. Stop things falling off trucks.‎ D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.‎ ‎25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Bans on plastic bags.‎ B. Effects of city development.‎ C. Headaches caused by garbage.‎ D. Plastic bags hung in trees.‎ ‎26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?‎ A. They are quite expensive.‎ B. Replacing them can be difficult.‎ C. They are less strong than plastic bags.‎ D. Producing them requires more energy.‎ ‎27. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and Environment C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control ‎【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A ‎【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。‎ ‎24. 细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。‎ ‎26. 细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。‎ ‎27. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。‎ C【2018·浙江】‎ As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）‎ ‎ on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.‎ ‎ Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.‎ ‎ In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial ‎ The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.‎ ‎ The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.‎ ‎ Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”‎ ‎28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?‎ A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.‎ B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.‎ C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.‎ D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.‎ ‎29. What has the use of cars in America led to?‎ A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.‎ C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.‎ ‎30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?‎ A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolera ‎【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C ‎【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。‎ ‎28. 推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。‎ ‎29. 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。‎ ‎30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 细节理解题具体方法：‎ ‎1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。‎ ‎2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。‎ ‎3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用，根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响。‎ A【2018·天津卷】‎ Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations ‎ and the two exits nearest your room.‎ Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.‎ Fire Drills A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:‎ ‎·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.‎ ‎·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.‎ ‎·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.‎ Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.‎ Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.‎ Smoke Detector A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:‎ ‎·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.‎ ‎·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.‎ ‎·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.‎ ‎36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?‎ A. To provide part-time jobs for students.‎ B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.‎ C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.‎ D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.‎ ‎37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?‎ A. Pipes and smoke detectors.‎ B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.‎ C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.‎ D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations ‎38. In a fire drill, the students should ________.‎ A. rush quickly to a lift B. gather at the nearest exit.‎ C. shut the door and leave at once D. wait for instructions in the hall ‎39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?‎ A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.‎ B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.‎ C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.‎ D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.‎ ‎40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.‎ A. contact the hall staff regularly B. cover the things that burn easily C. start the smoke detector in a fire D. make certain the red light is working ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。‎ ‎37. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms中的句子Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。‎ ‎38. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。‎ ‎39. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。‎ ‎40. 细节理解题。根据文章Smoke Detector中的句子If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。‎ 点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题3中C选择项中leave at once与文中的Exit immediately表达的同一个意思；小题4中考生要理解文中fines（罚款）是A选择项中punishment（惩罚）的一种，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。‎ D【2018·天津】‎ Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.‎ Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.‎ The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.‎ Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw ‎ bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.‎ The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.‎ Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.z.xxk ‎51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.‎ A. anxious to do wonders B. sensitive to others’ feelings C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore the world around them ‎52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?‎ A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.‎ B. To stop complaining all the time.‎ C. To follow the teacher’s advice.‎ D. To admit mistakes honestly.‎ ‎53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________.‎ A. are very patient in their observation B. are really fascinated by nature C. care only about the names of birds D. question the accuracy of the field guides ‎54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?‎ A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.‎ B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.‎ C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.‎ D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.‎ ‎55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.‎ A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C. open our mind to new things and ideas D. try our best to protect nature ‎【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A ‎【解析】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。‎ ‎51. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。‎ ‎52. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。‎ ‎53. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。‎ ‎54. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。‎ ‎55. 推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。‎ ‎【点睛】本文是一篇散文阅读。整个文章行文自由，不拘一格，对考生来说阅读有一定的难度。但我们只需要抓住贯穿全文的主线：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，就不难理解全文大意了。文章多考查细节理解题和推理判断题，考生需要根据文中事实和线索作出判断和推理。‎ D【2018·北京】‎ Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years ‎ away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.‎ While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.‎ Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.‎ A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.‎ ‎ Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.‎ ‎47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.‎ A. help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs ‎48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?‎ A. Safety. B. Side effects.‎ C. Affordability. D. Management.‎ ‎49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Employed. B. Replaced.‎ C. Shared. D. Reduced.‎ ‎50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Positive.‎ C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.‎ C7[2018•北京卷] ‎ D ‎【要点综述】 本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车展开，展示了无人驾驶汽车的美好前景以及其必将到来的趋势，呼吁政府采取措施，使无人驾驶汽车为人们的生活带来更多积极的影响。‎ ‎48. D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated”可知，无人驾驶汽车的普及将带领社会走向何方，取决于这段过渡期如何。除此之外，倒数第二段中也提到了政府对汽车降价带来的汽车数量上升的对策。而A、B、C在文中均未提到。故选D。‎ ‎49. A　词义猜测题。联系上下文，“考虑到无人驾驶技术的可靠性和责任与维护问题，第一批商用无人驾驶汽车几乎会被全部投放到打车行业”。故选A。‎ ‎50. B　写作意图题。由文章的最后一段以及文章很大篇幅都在讲无人驾驶汽车的优点可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车怀有积极态度。故选B。‎ B【2018·江苏】‎ ‎ In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.‎ ‎ Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.‎ ‎ Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.‎ ‎ Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.‎ Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.‎ ‎ Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding.‎ high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.‎ ‎58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the ‎ ‎ customers were .‎ ‎ A. not aware of eating more than usual ‎ ‎ B. not willing to share food with others ‎ C. not conscious of the food quality ‎ ‎ D. not fond of the food provided ‎59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?‎ ‎ A. playing classical music.‎ ‎ B. Introducing lemon scent.‎ ‎ C. Making the light brighter,‎ ‎ D. Using plates of larger size.‎ ‎60. What does the last paragraph talk about?‎ ‎ A. Tips to attract more customers.‎ ‎ B. Problems restaurants are faced with.‎ ‎ C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.‎ ‎ D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。论述了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，通过对比快餐店和正规餐馆提出，现代餐饮业可以通过味道（比如薰衣草相比柠檬更能刺激消费者的食欲）、灯光的明暗（比如暗的灯光更能够刺激顾客食欲）等吸引顾客。 ‎ ‎58.A 词义猜测题。根据该句中“…they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert”可知，他们没有感觉更饱，想要再吃一点甜点；据此可以判断，划线词表示“他们没有意识到比平时吃得多”，故选A项。‎ ‎59.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners ‎ spent more.”可知， 在餐馆播放古典音乐能延长顾客在餐馆的时间，从而促进餐馆赢得更多的利润，故选A项。‎ ‎60.D 段意归纳题。通读尾段可知，该段第一句“Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending — “bad tables, crowding, high prices — don’t necessarily”为该段的主题段；结合全段内容可知，该段主要论述了人们对餐馆的常见误解，故选D项。‎ C【2018·江苏】‎ ‎ If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.‎ ‎ For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.‎ ‎ The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.‎ From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.‎ ‎ Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented ‎ people willing to grow the nation's food.‎ ‎ There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.‎ ‎61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .‎ ‎ A. the progress made in car industry ‎ ‎ B. a special feature of agriculture ‎ C. a trend of development in agriculture ‎ ‎ D. the importance of investing in car industry ‎62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?‎ ‎ A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.‎ ‎ B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.‎ ‎ C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce ‎ D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.‎ ‎63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?‎ ‎ A. To gain more financial aid.‎ ‎ B. To hire good farm managers.‎ ‎ C. To have fans of their own.‎ ‎ D. To win old farmers’ support.‎ ‎64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?‎ ‎ A. Seek support beyond NYFC.‎ ‎ B. Expand farmland conservation.‎ ‎ C. Become members of NYFC.‎ ‎ D. Invest more to improve technology.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章主要阐述了美国的小农场主所持有的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业所面临的问题，比如美国农业目前很多人不愿意卖地，且60岁以上的农民数目远远高出年轻农民。‎ ‎61. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.”提到汽车行业，小型汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。然而农业就不一样了，小农场也能成为主导可知，作者开篇提到汽车行业，目的是引起下文，说明了农业特色，故选B项。‎ ‎62. D推理判断题。文章第二段是通过事例来证明第一段“…small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.”小农场也可能会超过大型农场可知，小农场也可能比大农场先占领先机，故选D项。‎ ‎63. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.” 来自投资者、开发商和老牌大农场主的竞争使得许多新农民无法拥有自己的土地可知，对于新型的农民来说要拥有自己的土地，即自己的农场还是困难重重的，故选C项。‎ ‎64. A细节理解题。根据第四段“We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.”可知，除了在敦促国会增加耕地保护的同时，在推动移民改革的同时，在寻求确保不同背景、雄心勃勃的下一代农民成功的政策时，农民应该为一个更可持续、更公平的农业经济寻求更多的支持，故选A项。‎ ‎2017年高考试题 文化教育类 ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ C Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centre's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history ‎ and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually colour, and it's actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎28．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A．To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B．To protect cultural diversity.‎ C．To encourage people to study music.‎ D．To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎29．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B．The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C．Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D．The jazz audience becoming larger. ‎ ‎30．What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?‎ A．It will disappear gradually.‎ B．It remains black and white.‎ C．It should keep up with the times.‎ D．It changes every 50 years.‎ ‎31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Exploring the future of jazz B．The rise and fall of jazz C．The story of a jazz musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，联合国教科文组织把4月30号定为国际爵士乐日。然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代的人和年轻一代的人联接起来，爵士乐应该也随之进步。‎ ‎29. C　代词指代题。根据前文“Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”可知，尽管联合国教科文组织为爵士乐设定了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将年轻一代人与老一代人联接起来。再结合“It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.”可知，Jason Moran的工作就是帮助改变上述情况，所以可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。‎ ‎30. C　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“‘The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same…’”可知，Moran认为爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现了，因为世界运转的方式不同，所以爵士乐必须继续前进才行。这说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。‎ ‎31. A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文的主要内容是联合国教科文组织为提高人们对爵士乐的重视设立爵士乐日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去吸引力。本文主要探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。‎ 社会生活类 ‎ [2017·江苏卷]‎ C A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fastgrowing industry，urging antitrust (反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google，Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of newborn giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ But there is cause for concern. The Internet has made data abundant, allpresent and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God's eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a newborn threat. When this takes place, especially when a newborn company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers ‎ what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon. ‎ ‎61．Why is there a call to break up giants?‎ A．They have controlled the data market.‎ B．They collect enormous private data.‎ C．They no longer provide free services.‎ D．They dismissed some newborn giants.‎ ‎62．What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?‎ A．Data giants' technology is very expensive.‎ B．Google's idea is popular among data firms.‎ C．Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.‎ D．Data can be turned into new services or products. ‎ ‎63．By paying attention to firms' data assets, antitrust regulators could ________．‎ A．kill a new threat B．avoid the size trap C．favour bigger firms D．charge higher prices ‎64．What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data?‎ A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ D．Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了数据信息垄断企业的发展导致的后果以及反垄断的措施、对反对数据垄断的未来展望。‎ ‎61. A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.”和第二段第一句“Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.”可知，人们呼吁打破垄断的原因是数据信息垄断 机构控制了数据市场，故选A项。注意B项中的private data，文中并没有提到私人数据，此题易误选B项。‎ ‎62. C　推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句“But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power.”可知，数据可以转化为新的服务和商品，被卖给其他公司；因特网公司对数据的控制给了它们巨大的权力。据此可以判断，数据可以增强垄断公司的控制地位，故选C项。‎ ‎63. B　推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals.”可知，传统意义上的反垄断组织用公司的大小来决定何时介入，而现在评估时则要考虑公司的数据资产规模。据此可知，关注数据评估，旨在避免陷入传统的“以公司大小”评估的陷阱，故选B项。‎ ‎64. D　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a newborn threat. When this takes place, especially when a newborn company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.”以及对第六段的理解可知，反垄断部门应该采取行动，使几大因特网巨头放松对数据的控制，使新生的小公司得到更多的发展机会，故选D项。‎ ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ B Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theatre, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theatre's 75year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theatre equipment in preparation for the building's end.‎ The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theatre. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theatre owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down.‎ Bradford said that large modern theatres in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theatre's location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the centre of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”‎ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theatre into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theatre is located.‎ The theatre audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theatre has shown its last movie. The theatre will be missed.‎ ‎24．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?‎ A．It made room for new equipment.‎ B．It signalled the closedown of the theatre.‎ C．It was done with the help of the audience.‎ D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theatre.‎ ‎25．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?‎ A．It was an alltime classic. ‎ B．It was about the history of the town.‎ C．The audience requested it. ‎ D．The theatre owner found it suitable.‎ ‎26．What will probably happen to the building?‎ A．It will be repaired. ‎ B．It will be turned into a museum.‎ C．It will be knocked down. ‎ D．It will be sold to the city government. ‎ ‎27．What can we infer about the audience?‎ A．They are disappointed with Bradford. ‎ B．They are sad to part with the old theatre. ‎ C．They are supportive of the city officials. ‎ D．They are eager to have a shopping centre. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 Plaza Theatre，一座带着城市记忆的剧院，由于种种原因，要面临关门歇业。临关门前，老板选了一部合适的老电影播放。伤心的观众眼含不舍的泪水。‎ ‎24. B　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“…another group began removing seats and other theatre equipment in preparation for the building's end.”可知，打扫完卫生后，这家剧院就要关门了。故选B项。‎ ‎26. C　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“…plans to build a shopping complex on the land…”可知该剧院将被拆毁。由此可知答案。‎ ‎27. B　推理判断题。由第二段的“…most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.”可以看出，来看最后一场电影的观众是很伤心的。tearyeyed 意为“泪眼汪汪的”。‎ ‎ [2017·天津卷]‎ A Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.‎ Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.‎ What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.‎ Clicking “send” too soon Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.‎ Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if ‎ your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names)．‎ Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you'd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.‎ Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎36．After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel ________．‎ A．curious B．tired ‎ C．awful D．funny ‎ ‎37．If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________．‎ A．apologise in a serious manner B．tell the receiver to ignore the error C．learn to write the name correctly D．send a short notice to everyone ‎38．What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email?‎ A．Try offering other choices.‎ B．Avoid further involvement.‎ C．Meet other staff members.‎ D．Make a lighthearted apology.‎ ‎39．How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?‎ A．By promising not to offend the receiver again.‎ B．By seeking support from the receiver's friends.‎ C．By asking the receiver to control his anger.‎ D．By talking to the receiver facetoface.‎ ‎40．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Defining email errors.‎ B．Reducing email mistakes.‎ C．Handling email accidents.‎ D．Improving email writing.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种常见的误发邮件的情况以及弥补办法。‎ ‎36. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知当你发邮件出现失误时，你会感到害怕。‎ ‎37. A　细节理解题。根据Writing the wrong name下的“Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake.”以及“…don't handle it too lightly…”可知要用严肃的方式向对方道歉。‎ ‎38. B　细节理解题。根据Clicking “reply all” unintentionally下的最后一句“…step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”可知要尽快避免进一步参与。‎ ‎39. D　细节理解题。根据Sending an offensive message to its subject下的第三句“In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.”可知要与收到邮件的人面对面地交流。‎ ‎40. C　主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.”可知本文讲的是如何处理错发邮件的情况。‎ ‎[2017·天津卷]‎ C This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. ‎ The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.‎ Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.‎ ‎“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.‎ Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.‎ An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.‎ But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’， people expect driverless cars，”Merat says. “You know—no driver.”‎ Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.‎ Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where governmentprovided driverless vehicles are being launched.‎ That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.‎ ‎46．What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．A place where cars often break down.‎ B．A case where passing a law is impossible.‎ C．An area where no driving is permitted. ‎ D．A situation where drivers' role is not clear.‎ ‎47．The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to ________．‎ A．stop people from breaking traffic rules B．help promote fully automatic driving C．protect drivers of all ages and races D．prevent serious property damage ‎48．What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?‎ A．It should get the attention of insurance companies.‎ B．It should be the main concern of law makers.‎ C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.‎ D．It should involve no human responsibility.‎ ‎49．Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ________．‎ A．Singapore B．the UK C．the US D．Germany ‎50．What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Autonomous driving: Whose liability?‎ B．Fully automatic cars: a new breakthrough C．Autonomous vehicles: Driver removed!‎ D．Driverless cars: root of road accidents ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说的是德国的交通部长提议对自主驾驶车辆制定一套规则，以确定在这样的车辆中司机所起的作用、这样的车辆在事故中所承担的责任以及它的前景。‎ ‎46. D　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“要明确司机的责任”以及第二段该短语后的“…the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.”可知dead valley在此处的意思是“司机责任不明确的一种情况”。‎ ‎47. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving…’”以及“It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers…”可知交通部长提出这个提议的目的是推销自动驾驶车辆。‎ ‎50. A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文对自主驾驶车辆中司机的责任进行了界定，故答案为A。‎ ‎[2017·天津卷]‎ D I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．‎ The very purest form of waiting is the WatchedPot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless. ‎ A cousin to the WatchedPot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience. ‎ Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the LuckyBreak Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen. ‎ Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the LuckyBreak Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn't come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody. ‎ We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate. You're probably just as busy as the next guy.‎ ‎51．While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to ________．‎ A．keep ourselves busy B．get absentminded C．grow anxious D．stay focused ‎52．What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the WatchedPot Wait?‎ A．The Forced Wait requires some selfcontrol.‎ B．The Forced Wait makes people passive.‎ C．The WatchedPot Wait needs directions.‎ D．The WatchedPot Wait engages body and brain. ‎ ‎53．What can we learn about the LuckyBreak Wait?‎ A．It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.‎ B．It doesn't always bring the desired result. ‎ C．It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.‎ D．It doesn't give people faith and hope.‎ ‎54．What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?‎ A．Take it seriously.‎ B．Don't rely on others.‎ C．Do something else.‎ D．Don't lose heart.‎ ‎55．The author supports his view by ________．‎ A．exploring various causes of “waits”‎ B．describing detailed processes of “waits”‎ C．analysing different categories of “waits”‎ D．revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文论述了我们人生中经常遇到的三种等待。‎ ‎51. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第五句“During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.”可知我们在进行WatchedPot Wait时很容易走神，心不在焉。‎ ‎52. A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的第二句“This one requires a bit of discipline.”可知这种等待需要一点纪律，即需要自控。‎ ‎53. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的最后一句“…waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.”可知等待你的好运气未必就意味着它能发生，因此LuckyBreak Wait并不总是能带来预期的结果。‎ ‎54. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的倒数第二句“…don't be desperate.”可知作者建议我们下次等待时，不要失去信心。‎ ‎55. C　篇章结构题。文章的结构是总—分。文章第一段提出有三种类型的等待，然后下面几段内容一直在分析这三种等待，因此作者是通过分析不同的类型的等待来支持他自己的观点的。‎ ‎2016年高考试题 ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】B Grandparents Answer a Call ‎ As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ ‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎ “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”‎ ‎ Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎25. Why was Garza’s move a success?‎ A．It strengthened her family ties. ‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?‎ A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ A．They were unsure of raise more children.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They bad little respect for their grandparent.‎ ‎28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own ‎ B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them ‎ C. Sacrifice for their struggling children ‎ ‎ D. Get to know themselves better ‎【答案】‎ ‎25-28. A D C A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择，不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式。‎ ‎25. A细节理解题。根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的事情。故选A 。‎ ‎26.D细节理解题。根据第二段末句Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family可知，很多人会受Marian Robinson的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选D 。‎ ‎27.C细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在60年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选 C。‎ ‎28.A推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A 。‎ 考点：社会生活类短文阅读 ‎【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。28题中则根据it is wiser to say no推断出作者的立场。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标I】D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a ‎ person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some ‎ traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and ‎ suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they ‎ come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A. It implies anger.‎ B. It promotes friendship.‎ C. It is culture-specific.‎ D. It is content-based.‎ 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A. The Chinese.‎ B. The French.‎ C. The Mexicans.‎ D. The Russians.‎ 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B. Break it while treating patients.‎ C. Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D. Make use of its healing effects.‎ 35. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold ‎【答案】‎ ‎32-35.C A D B ‎32.C细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。‎ ‎33.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。‎ ‎34.D细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。‎ ‎35.B主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。‎ 考点：社会生活类短文阅读 ‎3.【2016·全国新课标II】B ‎ Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”‎ ‎ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.‎ ‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.‎ ‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”‎ ‎ “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”‎ ‎ “Oh, sure.”‎ ‎ “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”‎ ‎ “Nobody. I do it.”‎ ‎ “Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”‎ ‎ “Sure.”‎ ‎ “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”‎ ‎5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?‎ A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting ‎ C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design ‎6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. ‎ C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.‎ ‎7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. ‎ C. Difficulty. D. Burden.‎ ‎8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?‎ ‎ A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. ‎ C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.‎ ‎【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。‎ ‎5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。‎ ‎6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at ‎ work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。‎ ‎7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点”。故B正确。‎ ‎8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文【小题7】属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。‎ 近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： ‎ ‎     Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.‎ ‎     从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。‎ ‎ 除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。‎ ‎ 还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如 Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．‎ ‎ 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎4.【2016·全国新课标II】C Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.‎ ‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ ‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ ‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ ‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.‎ ‎9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?‎ ‎ A. To explain what they are. ‎ B.To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C. To stress the importance of reading. ‎ D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?‎ ‎ A. The book. B.An adventure. ‎ C.A public place. D. The identification number.‎ ‎11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?‎ ‎ A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. ‎ C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.‎ ‎12. What is the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend ‎ C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books ‎【答案】9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了BookCrossing.com所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。‎ ‎10.A 代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故A正确。‎ ‎11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“....the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。‎ ‎12.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com把人生命中最重要的两个事物：人和书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文【小题10】考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。‎ 阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：      ‎ However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are ‎ seriously thinking about it. ‎ ‎     首先，it指上句中的the question，而the question又指上一段中“月球人”‎ 所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎5.【2016·全国新课标II】D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ ‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ ‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ ‎ A. They were made last week ‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries ‎ C. They were found by a cameraman ‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure ‎14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ ‎ A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton ‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander ‎15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ ‎ A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research ‎ C. Money making D. Treasure hunting ‎【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。‎ ‎33.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。‎ ‎34.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole....”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。故C项正确。‎ ‎35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如【小题13】中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。‎ 干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： ‎ ‎1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 ‎ ‎2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 ‎ ‎3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 ‎ ‎4. ‎ 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎6.【2016·全国新课标III】B ‎ On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎ “Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”‎ ‎ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎ “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”‎ ‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.‎ ‎ “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”‎ ‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.‎ ‎ “I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”‎ ‎ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly ‎ interesting story.‎ ‎5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A. Two strangers joined her.‎ B. Her childhood friends came in.‎ ‎ C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.‎ D. Some people held a party there.‎ ‎6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .‎ A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories ‎7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?‎ ‎ A. They live in big cities.‎ ‎ B. They are mostly women.‎ ‎ C. They come from real life.‎ ‎ D. They are pleasure seekers.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎5. A ‎6. D ‎7. C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。‎ ‎6. D猜测词义题。划线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。‎ ‎7. C推理判断题。根据“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty 小说里的人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。‎ 考点：故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下： (1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。 (2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。 (3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。 (4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 (5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。 (7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。 常见问题形式有： (1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests… (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to /means… (4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to …‎ ‎7.【2016·全国新课标III】C ‎ If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.‎ ‎ It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has ‎ caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.‎ ‎ Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.‎ ‎ To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.‎ ‎ There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.‎ ‎ At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.‎ ‎ Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.‎ ‎8. What can people do at the apple events?‎ ‎ A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.‎ ‎ C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.‎ ‎9. What can we learn about Decio?‎ A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.‎ ‎ C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?‎ ‎ A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.‎ C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.‎ ‎11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To show how to grow apples.‎ B .To introduce an apple festival.‎ C. To help people select apples.‎ D. To promote apple research.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎8. D ‎9. C ‎10. B ‎11. B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。‎ ‎8. D细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。‎ ‎9. C推理判断题。故选C。‎ ‎10. B猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知，Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is more of a curiosity than anything else”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇心，故选B。‎ ‎11. B写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。‎ 考点：生活故事类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。例如第11题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加有关的活动。 2‎ ‎、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。‎ ‎8.【2016·北京】A Dear Alfred, ‎ ‎ I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.‎ ‎ Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.‎ ‎ However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.‎ ‎ While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.‎ ‎ Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.‎ ‎ Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.‎ ‎ Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.‎ ‎ This is why you’re saving my life.‎ Yours,‎ Tanis ‎56.why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?‎ A.She had learned enough about computer science B. She had more difficulty keeping foucesed C.She preferred taking online courses D.She was too slow to learn ‎57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.‎ A .working by herself B.dealing with the public C.competing against others D.staying with ADHD students ‎58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.‎ A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession ‎ C .show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far ‎【答案】‎ ‎56.B ‎57.A ‎58.C ‎56.B细节理解题。根据第四段“my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t ”可知，“我”的多动症加重了，无法上大学，故选B。‎ ‎57.A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“without dealing with the public”排除B；根据“I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. ”可知，“我”不想处理复杂的人际关系，想单独工作，故选A。‎ ‎58.C写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For ‎ the first time, I feel good about myself”可知，作者写信的目的是表达感谢，故选C。‎ 考点：人物故事类短文阅读 ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题的类型：‎ ‎1、直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。56、57题都可以直接在文中找到有关信息。 2、间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。 3、数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 4、排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 5、图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。‎ ‎9.【2016·北京】D Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.‎ ‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ ‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ ‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ ‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral ‎68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means .‎ A.change B.choice C.text D.extension ‎69. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students ‎ D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎67. B68. A69. D70. C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：大学并不是温暖的家庭，也不能成为学生的家庭。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期。大学是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期，因此，学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方。‎ ‎67. B细观点态度题。根据第一段“The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However...”可知，作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的“家庭”，说明作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子，故选B。‎ ‎68. A猜测词义题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，‎ 从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故选A。‎ ‎69. D推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除A；根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知，作者不赞成大学管理者约束学生的社会行为，排除B；大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所，排除C；大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地方，故选D。‎ ‎70. C篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.”中的“equally important”和第五段的“moreover”可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选C。‎ 考点：教育类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式 ‎1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下： ‎ l How is the text organized?‎ l The author develops the passage mainly by________.‎ l The text is mainly developed in the order of________.‎ l Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? ‎ ‎2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：‎ The author quoted …words in...paragraph in order to make the article________.‎ ‎3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下： ‎ What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?[学优]‎ Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?‎ II. 解题策略 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。‎ 1) 记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他, 最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。‎ 2) 议论文总体上可以分为四类：‎ 第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；‎ 第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；‎ 第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；‎ 第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。‎ ‎ 3) 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。‎ ‎10.【2016·天津】C ‎ When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.‎ ‎ These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”‎ ‎ Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.‎ ‎ The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know ‎ how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”‎ ‎46. What do we know about John?‎ A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.‎ B. He had few childhood playmates.‎ C. He received little love from his family.‎ D. He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.‎ A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competence C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men ‎48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.‎ A. recording the boys’ effort in school B. evaluating the men’s mental health C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability ‎49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Quick to react B. Having a thin edge C. Clear and definite D. sudden and rapid ‎50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D. Independence is the key to one’s success.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。‎ ‎46.【答案】A 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎47.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，可知，第二段Vaillant的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选D。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎48.【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第三段的句子The researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores，可知，Vaillant的团队获得他们的发现是通过对比不同的得分。故选C。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎49.【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp（这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显），结合下面一句进一步可知，这里sharp的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选C。‎ 考点：考查词义猜测。‎ ‎50.【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容和学生自己的生活密切相关，而且是通过调查研究的方式给出，更加有说服力，虽然是考试题，学生应该有兴趣阅读，文章篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，还有词义辨析类的题目，对学生能力考查比较全面。‎ 做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在的前后的句子，发现有没有关联的同义词，反义词或是这个词的定义，分析这篇阅读的49题，要求判断sharp的含义，这个词不是陌生的单词，高中教材上出现过，它的意思是“锋利的，尖锐的，敏捷的，聪明的”，但是代入后，发现这些意思都不符合，而结合所在句子，特别是下文的Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知和上文的观点是一致的，也就是这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显。答案也不难得出。‎ ‎11.【2016·天津】D ‎ Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.‎ ‎ Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.‎ ‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ ‎ An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.‎ ‎51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .‎ A. delay tasks B. work hard C. seek help D. accept failure ‎52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?‎ A. Writing essays in strict order.‎ B. Building up physical strength.‎ C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D. Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ ‎53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A. Before starting a difficult task.‎ B. When all the solutions fail.‎ C. If the job is rather boring.‎ D. After finding a way out.‎ ‎54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .‎ A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution ‎55. What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Success Is Built upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功，但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫，这是造成失败的两种原因，文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。‎ ‎51.【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第一段的句子In the former case, we keep putting off a task，可知，有启动疲惫的人更可能拖延任务。故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎52.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第三段的句子The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first，可知，为了防止启动疲惫作者建议首先处理最难的任务。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎53.【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第五段的句子Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle…we fail again and again，可知，当所有的解决方法都失败的时候，一个人可能会有表现疲惫。故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎54.【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据第五段的最后一句话however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.，可知，无意识的行为可能帮助我们发现正确的解决方法。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎55.【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据全篇文章和最后一段的内容，可知，文章主要介绍造成失败的两种疲惫，以及如何克服疲惫。故选C。‎ 考点：考查标题判断。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容不是学生非常熟悉的，篇幅适中较长，要求学生快速阅读材料，在掌握文章大意的前提下答题。考查题型以理解细节题为主，还要学生结合文章主旨给出适当的标题，这些不是某个句子可以体现的，要对文章有整体把握。 ‎ 这篇文章最后一题就是标题判断题。学生对标题判断题不能很好的把握，主要还是没有弄清主旨，分析四个选项都出现了关键词Fatigue，但是A项说：成功是建立在疲惫的基础上，显然和文章内容矛盾，B项是怎么处理表现疲惫，明显不够全面，D项虽然也讲的是疲惫，但是将它定义为健康问题的迹象，这和文章内容不符。通过全篇正确理解不难得出答案。‎ ‎12.【2016·上海】(A)‎ ‎ One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.‎ ‎ “Is it good?” I asked her.‎ ‎ “Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.‎ ‎ “‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:‎ She never puts her toys away,‎ ‎ Just leaves them scattered① where they lay,… ①散乱的 ‎ ‎ The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重 ‎ I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的 ‎ And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地 And I’ll be sad. ‎ ‎ A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.‎ ‎ “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.‎ ‎ To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To ‎ me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying. ‎ ‎ “What’s wrong?” my mother asked.‎ ‎ “Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”‎ ‎ She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”‎ ‎ “Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.‎ ‎ I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.‎ ‎66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?‎ ‎ A. It was a thick enough book.‎ ‎ B. Something on its cover caught her eye.‎ ‎ C. Her mother was reading it with interest.‎ ‎ D. It has a meaningful title.‎ ‎67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.‎ ‎ A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused ‎68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.‎ ‎ A. it reflected her own childhood ‎ B. it was written in simple language ‎ C. it was composed by a famous poet ‎ D. it gave her a hint of what would happen ‎69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.‎ ‎ A. discover the power of poetry ‎ B. recognize her love for puzzles ‎ C. find her eagerness to grow up ‎ D. experience great homesickness ‎【答案】66. B    67. A    68. D    69. A    ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于记叙文，叙述了作者通过阅读“Patty Poem”感受到诗歌的美，进而爱上了诗。‎ ‎67.A 细节理解题。根据A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl.可知当我读完这首诗的时候，我很难过。诗里的情感让我不愿意长大。故A正确。‎ ‎68.D 推理判断题。根据To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad.可知对妈妈来说这首诗让她想起我也会长大也会离开她，她也会因为我的离开而非常难受。所以这本书让她把未来可能发生的事情联系了起来。故D项正确 ‎69.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。故A项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文【小题69】属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题 ‎ 高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意： ‎ ‎（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 ‎ ‎（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 ‎ ‎（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。‎ 以【小题69】为例，根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”‎ 可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 ‎13.【2016·上海】（B）‎ ‎ Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.‎ ‎ 3.5℃‎ This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.‎ ‎2℃‎ To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.‎ ‎ 1.5℃‎ This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.‎ ‎ 0.8℃‎ This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.‎ ‎0℃‎ The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.‎ ‎70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.‎ A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020‎ B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming ‎71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?‎ A. The human population would increase by one third.‎ B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.‎ C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.‎ D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.‎ ‎72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.‎ A. 0.8℃ B. 1.5℃‎ C. 2℃ D. 3.5℃‎ ‎【答案】70. D 71. D    72. B    ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。‎ ‎71.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段To meet this minimum goal可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D正确。‎ ‎72.B 细节理解题。根据第四段1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.可知对于那些低海拔的国家来说温度上升不超过1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：‎ ‎ 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 ‎ ‎  2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 ‎ ‎  3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 ‎ ‎  4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。‎ 以本文【小题72】为例，第四段1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati对于那些低海拔的国家来说温度上升不超过1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。‎ 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： ‎ ‎  1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 ‎ ‎  2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 ‎ ‎  3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。   ‎ ‎ 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 ‎ ‎  5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎14.【2016·上海】(C)‎ ‎ Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.‎ ‎ The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.‎ ‎ “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.‎ ‎ It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.‎ ‎ Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.‎ ‎ Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.‎ Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. ‎ ‎ The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.‎ ‎73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?‎ A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.‎ B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.‎ C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.‎ D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.‎ ‎74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.‎ A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models ‎75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.‎ A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of ‎76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.‎ A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark D. avoid providing too much personal information ‎77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Say no to social media?‎ B. New security rules in operation?‎ C. Accept without reading?‎ D. Administration matters!‎ ‎【答案】73. A    74. B    75. D    76. B    77. C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。‎ ‎73.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“...... has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts....”可知很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容。故A正确。‎ ‎74.B 推理判断题。根据第五段前二句“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data.”可知Nigel Shadbolt认为如果我们去做相关调查，人们会认为他们会很注意这些认证标记的。故B项正确。‎ ‎75.D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.可知我们现在还不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来什么样的影响。也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息。故D项正确。‎ ‎76.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.可知文章建议我们即使有认证标志，我们呀应该认真阅读那些无意义的合同中的条款和内容，我们要知道我们所签署的协议的具体内容。故B正确。‎ ‎77.C 标题概括题。现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。故C项“Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?”符合文章中心思想。其余三项与文章内容不贴切。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文【小题77】属于主旨大意题。主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。‎ 文章标题的选择或拟定 ‎ ‎1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系； ‎ ‎2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何； ‎ ‎3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小； ‎ ‎4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。 ‎ ‎ 要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。 ‎ 比如某一文章的中心句子为：‎ Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world. ‎ 话题：Coffee ‎ 控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world ‎ 标题：Coffee Around the World ‎ 以【小题77】为例, 现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。C项“Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?”符合文章中心思想。‎ 考点：考查社会现象类阅读 ‎15.【2016·四川】B ‎ If you could have one superpower, what would it be?‎ ‎ Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.‎ ‎ Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.‎ They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others.‎ We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we ‎ do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older. But why not start now?‎ Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.‎ ‎4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Your life style.‎ B. Your life value.‎ C. Your trouble in life.‎ D. Your life experience.‎ ‎5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day?‎ A. They possess different kinds of superpowers.‎ B. They have got the power to change the world.‎ C. Some people around them are making the world better.‎ D. There are many powerful people in their life and work.‎ ‎6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5?‎ A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause.‎ B. Rising above self and acting to help others.‎ C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.‎ D. Trying your best to help the poor.‎ ‎7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.‎ B. Much more progress will be made in the near future.‎ C. The work on health is the most valuable experience.‎ D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. ‎ ‎【答案】4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文以虚拟语气的问句形式开头，鼓励人们奉献自己的一些时间和精力去帮助别人，最穷人的生活将会变得更好。‎ ‎4. B 词义猜测题。根据文章开始提到的If you could have one superpower, what would it be?如果你有超能，它将会是什么呢？Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly,梦想着是否你想读懂心思，看穿墙，或有超能的力量，这些可能听起来是愚蠢的，but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.但是它实际上是在你的生活中真正重要的核心，也就是你生活的价值。故选B。‎ ‎5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.每天在我们的工作中，我们会收到一些人的鼓舞，他们在做一些改善世界的事情。故选C。‎ ‎7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude  indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。比如第7小题A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选A。‎ 考点：考查日常生活类阅读 ‎16.【2016·四川】D A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ ‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ ‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ ‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ ‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ ‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ ‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ ‎ Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎12. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.‎ ‎ A. started sleep more easily ‎ B. were more anxious ‎ C. were less active ‎ D. woke up later ‎13. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ ‎ A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years ‎ ‎ B. It can make people more energetic ‎ C. It exists in milk in great amount ‎ D. It’s used in sleeping drugs ‎14. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Night Milk and Sleep ‎ ‎ B. Fat Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health ‎15.How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ ‎ A. By giving examples.‎ ‎ B. By stating arguments.‎ ‎ C. By explaining statistical data.‎ ‎ D. By providing research results.‎ ‎【答案】12.B 13.D 14.A 15.D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲的是晚上牛奶和睡眠。‎ ‎12.B推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,晚上喂牛奶的那些比白天喂牛奶的那些更不活跃，更不焦虑。可知白天喂牛奶的那些更焦虑。故选B。‎ ‎13.D推理判断题。根据第五段Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.晚上牛奶加快睡眠的开始，使老鼠睡的时间更长。可知D项符合题意。‎ ‎14.A主旨大意题。根据第二段Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这已经被证明能帮助人们感到困倦和减少焦虑。可知A项符合题意。‎ ‎15.D推理判断题。根据前三段But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.一项研究表明-----；Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，---； The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. 来自汉城的研究者----。可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。比如第14小题A主旨大意题。根据第二段Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这已经被证明能帮助人们感到困倦和减少焦虑。可知A项符合题意。‎ 考点：考查健康类阅读 ‎17. 【2016·浙江】 A ‎ “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori.‎ ‎ With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”‎ ‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People ofen think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).‎ ‎ Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people ‎ should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.‎ ‎41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .‎ A.introduce a topic B.present an argument ‎ C.describe the characters D.clarify his writing purpose ‎42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it .‎ A.breaks up relationships ‎ B.embarrasses the listener C.spreads information around D.causes unpleasant experiences ‎43.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it .‎ A.gives them a feeling of pleasure B.help them to make more friends ‎ C.makes them better at telling stories D.enables them to meet important people ‎44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .‎ A.provide students with written rules B.help people watch their own behaviors C.force school to impove student handbooks D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors ‎45.What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ A.Never become a gossiper B.Stay away from gossipers C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies D.Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。‎ ‎41. 【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip. （我们的话题很多都是闲话），可知开头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题， 故选A。‎ 考点：考查推理判断。‎ ‎42. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第四段的An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.，可知主要危害是他会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎43. 【答案】A 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎44. 【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，故选B。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎45. 【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.‎ ‎ 可知，作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎【方法点拨】‎ 这是一篇议论文，题目设置以细节理解题为主。学生可以带着题目回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正确解题的关键，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题”。理由充分，依据凿实，这是不仅“知其然”，而且“知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?‎ ‎1. 关键词定位法。‎ 这里说的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词”。如43题的信息句是The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，和选项A里面的a feeling of pleasure对应。还有44题，题干中的Professor David Wilson可以定位到第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，所以答案是B。‎ ‎2. 自然段定位法。‎ 即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1题往往位于一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第3题会在第2题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第4题则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。如41题，题目问文章的开头的作用，自然定位到第一段的内容，结合下文可以快速解答。‎ ‎2015年高考试题 社会生活、文化教育类 ‎1.【2015·湖北卷】A ‎“I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?” “No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”‎ As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get ‎ from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.‎ The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).‎ The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.‎ Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.‎ Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.‎ ‎51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?‎ A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting ‎52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________.‎ A. to feed baby ponies on milk B. to control the number of ponies C. to expand the habitat for ponies D. to sell the ponies at a good price ‎53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?‎ A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty ‎54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?‎ A. It lacks people’s involvement.‎ B. It costs a large amount of money C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.‎ D. It has caused an imbalance of species ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文记叙了作者在Haytor关于马驹的所见所闻，目睹了马驹的淘气与脆弱，了解了马驹迁徙的原因以及保护马驹面临的困难。‎ ‎51. C细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).”可知不让游客给马驹喂食是为了避免使马驹处于危险中。故选C项。‎ ‎52. B细节理解题。根据第四段内容“The purpose of a pony drift is to …Some of them are also…, in order to limit the number of ponies…”可知马驹迁移目的之一是为了控制马驹的数量。故选B项。‎ ‎53. D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“…, assuming he was just rolling for fun,…”可知作者认为小马驹很淘气，滚着玩的。故选D项。‎ ‎54. B推理判断题。根据最后一段中尾句“Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.”可知保护马驹是对Dartmoor来说是一笔很大的开销。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边对事情加以分析评论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的观点和看法，也就把握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。‎ ‎2.【2015·湖北卷】C Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.‎ In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.‎ The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.‎ In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the ‎ W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.‎ ‎59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.‎ A. it has a large population B. it is cut off from big cities C. it has many beautiful gardens D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil ‎60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?‎ A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam B. Helping its textile industry to develop ‎ C. Constructing large villas for the poor D. Assisting its agricultural industry ‎61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.‎ A. a radio factory B. the medial capital C. a radio station D. a TV station ‎62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?‎ A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings B. It looks like an open air museum in the city C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了荷兰Hilversum这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。‎ ‎59. D细节理解题。根据首段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually a hilly area …”可知Hilversum不同于荷兰其他地方之处在于它属于沙土丘陵地带。故选D项。‎ ‎61.A细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The change to a media economy started in 1920, … established a radio factory in Hilversum”可知Hilversum传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标志的。故选A项。‎ ‎62.C推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His master piece… It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks”可知W. M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall是建筑教科书中的一个典范。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇Hilversum的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。‎ ‎3.【2015·湖北卷】E Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.‎ Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?‎ To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.‎ On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing ‎ is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.‎ ‎67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.‎ A. illustrate where science can be applied B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book C. remind the reader of the importance of science D. explain why many writers use science in their works ‎68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?‎ A. Its strong basis.‎ B. Its convincing points.‎ C. Its clear writing.‎ D. Its memorable characters.‎ ‎69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?‎ A. Contradictory.‎ B. Supportive.‎ C . Cautious.‎ D. Critical.‎ ‎70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?‎ A. Problems with the book.‎ B. Brooks’s life experience.‎ C. Death of the characters.‎ D. Brooks’s translation skills. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以Brooks的新书The social animal为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。‎ ‎67.D写作用意题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选D项。‎ ‎68.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…, his writing is mostly clear and , to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed,… ”可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选C项。‎ ‎69.D观点态度题。最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选D项。‎ ‎70. A篇章结构题。文章最后一段中链接词“while”后面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。因此紧接着作者应该还是在写这本的不足。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1．一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。2．以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。3．文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。同时，理清作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京卷】D ‎ Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.‎ ‎ An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.‎ ‎ However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.‎ ‎ In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible?‎ ‎ Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.‎ ‎ Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.‎ ‎ Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.‎ ‎67. The surveys inform us of ______.‎ A. the development of technology B. the changes of adult children’s behavior C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children D. the means and expenses of students’ communication ‎68. The writer believes that ______.‎ A. parents today are more protective than those in the past B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages C. technology explains greater parental involvement with their children D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence ‎69. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Technology or Attitude B. Dependence or Independence C. Family Influence or Social Changes D. College Management or Communication Advancement ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例，提出了科技带来的一些改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。‎ ‎68.C 观点态度题。第三段作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手，接下来的两段作者论述了出现这种结果的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富，成本更低廉。见第四段最后一句“Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier。最后一段更是再次强调了这种观点。故选C。‎ ‎69.A主旨大意题。由第一段第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误认为态度的改变。第2-5段讨论到底是科技还是态度的改变。第6段再次明确表示是科技的改变。故选A。‎ ‎70.B 文章结构题。文章第一段是introduction，第二段是第一个论点，指出父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象。第三段是第二个论点(关键词However)，指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手，分论点一是科技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与，分论点二(关键词Furthermore)是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一段总结。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论文类阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。首先，论点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。‎ ‎5.【2015·江苏】D Freedom and Responsibility ‎ Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ ‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ ‎ In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ ‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable ‎ life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ ‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ ‎ But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization.‎ C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power.‎ ‎66.People believing in freedom are those who________ .‎ A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity ‎67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. Athens would continue to be free.‎ B. Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C. Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?‎ A. The author is hopeful about freedom.‎ B. The author is cautious about self-government.‎ C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.‎ D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.‎ ‎70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.‎ B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.‎ D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇历史文化类说明文。文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。‎ ‎65. D词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子后半句“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选D项。‎ ‎66.C细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选C项。‎ ‎67.A细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选A项。‎ ‎68. B句意理解题。根据第五段第三句“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项。‎ ‎69.A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选A项。‎ ‎70.D观点态度题。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论，故选D项。‎ ‎【考点定位】历史文化类说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】 英语阅读属于跨文化交际活动,除语言因素外,它还受到中西文化差异的影响。考生既要扎实书本知识，也要广泛阅读，不断提高自己的知识广度，有意识地多了解文化背景知识，多关注社会热点，这样才能做到游刃有余。‎ ‎6.【2015·广东】B When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?‎ As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them..‎ When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.‎ ‎31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?‎ A. He could not catch a fish.‎ B. His father was not patient with him.‎ C. His father did not teach him fishing.‎ D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.‎ ‎32. What did the author’s father really mean?‎ A. To read about fish.‎ B. To learn fishing by oneself.‎ C. To understand what fish think.‎ D. To study fishing in many ways.‎ ‎33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.‎ A. in deep water on sunny days B. in deep water on cloudy days C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees.‎ ‎34. After entering the business world, the author found _________.‎ A. it easy to think like a customer B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable D. it difficult to sell services to poor people ‎35. This passage most likely comes from _________.‎ A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文叙述了作者通过以父亲教授他钓鱼时，要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理，告诉大家从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。‎ ‎33. D推理判断题。根据That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water可知鱼喜欢在浅水里，不喜欢在深水里，故排除AB两项。根据water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids（眼皮）and the sun hurts their eyes.可知鱼喜欢呆在阴凉处，不喜欢呆在阳光直射的地方，故排除C项。D项水边树下的浅水处，是鱼喜欢呆的地方，故此处更有可能发现鱼。故选D。‎ ‎34. B推理判断题。根据I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers“我逐渐了解我们需要像消费者一样去思考”这与父亲的“You need to think like a fish”相似，因此这是父亲的话给他的启发。故选B。‎ ‎35. B推理判断题。根据It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters“这不是一份轻松的工作，我将在下面几章里向你们展示如何去做”，故推断这是在教授大家如何去销售的书。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】 故事类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文设计的问题主要是推理判断题。通过贯穿全文的“You need to think like a fish”通过讲述了钓鱼的方法，介绍了销售的技巧。充分考查了学生的语篇理解能力以及上下文的语境理解能力。第35题，具有引出下文的作用，也充分暗示了本文的主题。‎ ‎7.【2015·广东】D It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.‎ In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. ‎ But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.‎ One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were ‎ regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.‎ In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.‎ ‎41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. ‎ A. it is time to end class distinction B. most people belong to middle class C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class D. people regard themselves socially different ‎42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ A. variety B. most people belong to middle class C. authority ‎ D. qualification ‎43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________.‎ A. regional B. educated C. prejudiced ‎ D. unattractive ‎44. British attitudes towards accent _________.‎ A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. have changed in recent years ‎45. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. The middle class is expanding ‎ B. A person’s accent reflects his class C. Class is a key part of British society D. Each class has unique characteristics.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们介绍了两项调查，通过调查的结果我们可以看到，英国社会里的阶级划分没有消失，它是英国社会重要的一部分。‎ ‎41.D细节理解题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，关于“阶级消亡”的说法，在英国对大众进行了一个调查，结果发现90%的人们仍然把自己划分在一定的阶层中；73%的人认为阶级是英国社会一个必不可少的部分。由此可知人们仍然认为他们在社会中是有区别的，故选D。‎ ‎42.B词义猜测题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，根据一项关于英国社会阶级是否开始消亡的调查可知，绝大多数人仍然认为英国社会中存在不同的阶级，这是英国社会中重要的一部分。由此可知，英国人好像对阶级划分非常热衷。stratification划分，跟B选项是同义词，故选B。‎ ‎43.D细节理解题。根据第四段中However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.可知，美国关于英语口音的调查结果正好和英国的调查结果相反，他们认为一些地方口音是最吸引人的，而BBC的英语是最不吸引人的，故选D。‎ ‎44.D推理判断题。根据短文的最后一段的内容可知，In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents，可见，现在英国人们对待口音的态度开始改变了。故选D。‎ ‎45.C主旨大意题。这篇短文给我们讲述了在英国社会中，阶级划分是重要的一部分。作者在短文中给我们介绍了两项调查，其中一项告诉我们大多数人们觉得阶级是英国社会必不可少的一部分；另一项调查是关于人们说好的口音，英国和美国的调查结果正好相反，也说明了英国阶级划分的根源非常深。由此可知C选项：阶级是英国社会中的一个重要部分符合短文的大意。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】文化类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这篇短文介绍了英国社会中存在的阶级划分这一现象，通过调查数据，论证这一话题。短文属于中上难度，主要考查学生的语篇理解的能力，以及词义猜测、推理判断及概括主旨大意的能力。学生们在平时的英语学习中，要具备对一些说英语国家的文化背景知识，这对他们做题是有好处的。‎ ‎8.【2015·陕西】D Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.‎ The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.‎ ‎ Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."‎ ‎ Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.‎ ‎ Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."‎ ‎58. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means .‎ A. parents' expectation on children's health ‎ B. parents' participation in children's education ‎ C. parents' control over children's life ‎ D. parents' plan for children's future ‎ ‎59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?‎ A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.‎ B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.‎ C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.‎ D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.‎ ‎60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .‎ A. help children realize the importance of schooling B. set a specific life goal for their children C. spend more time improving their own lives D. take a more active part in school management ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍和很多人预期不同的是父母过度地参与孩子的教育未必有好的效果。父母应该帮助孩子意识到学校教育的重要性。‎ ‎60.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子：They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.可知美国父母的例子暗示父母应该帮助孩子意识到学校教育的重要性，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】教育类阅读理解 ‎【名师点睛】这篇文章内容是学生比较熟悉的而且和他们的生活有密切联系的，主旨大意很好理解。这篇文章篇幅适中。主要考查的是细节理解题和句意理解题，考生在通读文章的基础上，注意到细节理解不难找出答案。‎ ‎9.【2015·四川】C ‎ Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.‎ ‎ Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.‎ ‎ The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.‎ ‎ By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with ‎ children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.‎ ‎ To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.‎ It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.‎ Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.‎ The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.‎ ‎38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?‎ ‎ A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000.‎ ‎ C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000.‎ ‎39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .‎ ‎ A. emotional demand B. low pay for work ‎ C. heavy workload D. lack of training ‎40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Mothers’ importance shows in family all year long.‎ ‎ B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.‎ ‎ C. Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.‎ ‎ D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.‎ ‎41.What can we conclude from the study?‎ ‎ A. Mothers’ working hours should be largely reduced.‎ ‎ B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.‎ ‎ C. Mothers’ labour is of a higher value than it is realised.‎ ‎ D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.‎ ‎【解析】：这是一篇写在母亲节的文章，在母亲节这一天，每个人都会对母亲做出一些事，比如一束花等等，但是作者认为，母亲这一职业值得全年的关注，因为它包含太多。‎ ‎38.B细节理解题。根据文章的they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.以及This would make their yearly income ￡3000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知，总理的工资是172000-30000=142000。故选择B。‎ ‎39.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.可知，选择A。‎ ‎40.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.可知，选择B，指母亲付出的牺牲是巨大的，但是又是值得的。‎ ‎41.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.可知，作者认为母亲的重要性应该得到更多的关注，故选择C。‎ ‎【考点定位】 考查说明文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇是一篇说明文，说明了母亲这一职业的伟大。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事理。说明文阅读中要求考生要特别注意一些数字等，如第38题。除此之外，还需要抓住关键词、中心词，迅速在文中进行定位，解决细节题，如39、40题。最后，对文章的内容要了解，通常主题在第一段最后出现，所以考生要善于把握主题。‎ ‎10.【2015·天津】D ‎ Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.‎ Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.‎ Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment,‎ ‎ creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.‎ ‎ Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped him cold.”‎ ‎ Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.‎ ‎ So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.‎ ‎51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?‎ A. He faced huge risks.‎ B. He lacked mighty forces.‎ C. Fear prevented him from trying.‎ D. Failure blocked his way to success.‎ ‎52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?‎ A. Swallow more than you can digest.‎ B. Act slightly above your abilities.‎ C. Develop more mysterious powers.‎ D. Learn to make creative decisions.‎ ‎53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?‎ A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill.‎ C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force.‎ ‎54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?‎ ‎ A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.‎ B. Trying without success is meaningless.‎ C. Repeated failure creates a better life.‎ D. Boldness can be gained little by little.‎ ‎55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?‎ A. To encourage people to be courageous.‎ B. To advise people to build up physical power.‎ C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.‎ D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。 ‎ ‎51. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知作者过去没能达成目标是因为他害怕失败。故选C。‎ ‎52. B 词句猜测题。根据后句And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.可以推测出这里为“行为略高于你的能力”之意。故选B。‎ ‎53. D细节理解题。根据第四段首句中Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.可知在于他的精神力量。选D。‎ ‎54. D 段落大意题。根据第五段首句Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.可以知道大胆是一点点获得的。故选D。‎ ‎55. A 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】议论类短文阅读 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文。整体难度中等偏上，考生阅读此文首先需要找出文章的论点，然后找出作者任何用论据来支撑其论点的。52题词句猜测题需要联系上下文及前后句来判断，不能从字面含义判断；54题需要抓住本段的中心句才能找到段落大意；55题作者写此文的目的需要从文章整体把握才可以选择正确答案。‎ ‎11.【2015·浙江】A From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher ‎ and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.‎ One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. “‎ The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.‎ During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “‎ This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.‎ ‎41. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________.‎ A. reading little and thinking little ‎ B. reading often and adventurously C. being made to read too much D. being made to read aloud before others ‎42. The teacher told his students to read______ .‎ A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams ‎43. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________.‎ A. it sounded stupid B. it was not surprising at all C. it sounded too good to be true D. it was no different from other teachers' talk ‎44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.‎ B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.‎ C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.‎ D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.‎ ‎45. From the teacher's point of view,_________ .‎ A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：作者认为阅读应该是一种快乐，而不是强迫性的阅读，强调通过快乐阅读培养阅读习惯。‎ ‎42. A 细节理解题 根据第二段作者的话“Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”“,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.”‎ ‎ 意为“现在我要说一些关于阅读的事情，你可能从来没有听说过一个老师说。我希望你读很多书，但今年，我想让你读书只为乐趣。我不想问你问题，是否理解文章。如果你足够理解一个喜欢这本书，想去读它，这对我来说已经足够了。我也不想问你单词的意思。” 在这里enjoyment，enjoy和pleasure是同义词。所以答案选A ‎43. C细节理解题 根据“The children sat stunned and silent. 孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着。”第三段第四行“seriously, ‘Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?’”不能得出答案。当老师说了这些话之后，孩子们都很震惊耶，很奇怪，所以他会确定问老师是不是真的这样？这表明学生是很不太相信的。答案选项的it sounded too good to be true，意为听起来太好了以致不相信这是真的。‎ ‎44. C细节理解题这种题目是判断正误题，答题时一定要细心选择是错误还是正确的。此题选择的是正确的，也就意味着有3个是错误，只有一个是正确的。根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “她回答说，哦，当然，但我只是跳过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可以得出答案是这个女孩知道如何欣赏这些文章。‎ ‎45. B细节理解题 四个选项的意思分别是A孩子在阅读的时候不能够区别好的部分以及不好的部分；B应该留给学生孩子自己去选择，读什么以及如何读；C在学校阅读永远不会是一个愉快和启发性的体验；D阅读需要理解每一部分的信息。其实根据常识可以判断C和D是错误的，然后再结合全文大意，作者认为孩子不应该是强迫去读，要让他们自己读，选择材料读。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇记叙文。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 记叙文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，比如说41题的CD选项，两者都用到了being made to read。其实这种表达也间接说明了答案就是在两个中选择一个。‎ ‎12.【2015·浙江】B ‎ Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data .‎ ‎ Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text .‎ ‎ Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret ‎ the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.‎ ‎ Bar Graphs ‎ A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show ‎ amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).‎ ‎ Line Graphs ‎ A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time.‎ Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).‎ ‎ The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment ‎ angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.‎ Pie Graphs ‎ A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.‎ A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ).‎ Food $ 25‎ Movies $ 12‎ Clothing $ 36‎ Savings $ 20‎ Books $ 7‎ ‎46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____‎ A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph C. the main idea D. the data ‎ ‎47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?‎ A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .‎ ‎48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____‎ A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4‎ ‎49. Which of the following cost Amy most ?‎ A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇说明文介绍图表的类型以及相关作用，通过对条形图、线形图和饼形图的介绍，让学生学会读图，运用英语解决实际问题。‎ ‎46.A 根据第三段可以得出答案，第三段出现了两次legend，第一次是在第一行a legend or key ‎ ，第二次是在第六行A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.” 一个图例，也被称为一个关键，是一个指导图中使用的符号和颜色。“ 而且答案直接可以在第六行找到，与答案选项表述一样a guide to the symbols and colors。‎ ‎47.D 根据表述”In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. 在图1中，我们看到X轴显示学生获得的等级，Y轴显示每个等级的学生数。可以看到，6的学生获得了A，因为在它延伸到6垂直测量。“可以得出答案。另外其实不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。C以上就是包含A，B，C，其中A为6， B 为10，C为4，所以答案为20。 ‎ ‎48.C 不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。从曲线图可以得出答案是Day3。‎ ‎49.D不需要看文字说明，直接看图读图就可以得出答案。 从扇形图可以得出Clothing占比例最多。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文 ‎【名师点睛】初步尝试考查解读图表数据能力，以满足考生进一步学习和社会实践需求。这份阅读虽然文字内容很多，而且涉及到了不少的专业术语表达。但是由于图已经说明了一切，所以不需要认真的读文章。但是在读图之前必须要看一看它的一些备注说明，也就是说起点是多少，每一格代表什么，以免出错。另外这种题目还涉及到一种多学科的能力,比如说文科政治、历史和地理会经常出现一些图表。‎ ‎13.【2015·浙江】D ‎ In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust.‎ ‎ But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it. ” Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe you .” We will . We promise.‎ ‎ They didn’t . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”‎ ‎ Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting ‎ I would understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television .‎ ‎ Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , I’d balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home .‎ ‎ Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing anyXXXthing and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.‎ ‎ Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.‎ ‎ As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.‎ ‎ When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently.‎ ‎ Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or ’one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on.‎ ‎ After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.‎ I'm grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m’ walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted ‎ from the moment.‎ ‎55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?‎ A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble.‎ B. It would be her business to take care of the dog C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.‎ D. She didn't want to spoil he’ daughter.‎ ‎56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)?‎ A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.”‎ B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”‎ C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”‎ D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”‎ ‎57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.‎ A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems C. the writer was a slow learner D. no one walked Misty the first day ‎58. The story came to its turning point when________.‎ A. Joe died in 2009‎ B. Joe fell ill in 2007‎ C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tired to please the writer ‎ ‎59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?‎ ‎ A. Misty couldn’t live without her B. Her friends didn’t offer any help C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.‎ D. She didn't want Misty to ’others companion.‎ ‎60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?‎ ‎ A. One should learn to enjoy hard times.‎ ‎ B .A disaster can change everything in life.‎ ‎ C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.‎ ‎ D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一篇记叙文，讲述作者从遛狗的体验中悟出生活的哲理——尽管有时生活艰难、前途难测，但人生总有希望和快乐。‎ ‎55. B 细节理解题 根据第三段第二行“While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her“作者慢慢地意识到她要去接父女俩的手尾，比如说安排见宠物医生等。这意味着最终将由她来照顾这一只狗。‎ ‎57. A 推理题，根据第三段“Misty knew this on day one它在第一天就知道“和 “she calculated它在计算”可以得出答案这只狗是非常聪明的。另外也可以根据意思排除选项BCD。B. Misty could solve math problems就算文章中出现了一个计算的词语，但也不能够得出能够解答数学题的结论，而且根据常识也可以把它排除。C. the writer was a slow learner这个内容没有提及，D. no one walked Misty the first day这个选项的答案，也原文“它在第一天就知道了”是不一致的。‎ ‎58. B 细节理解题，根据第六段第一句话“Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) . 然后，2007年1月1日，确切地说是丈夫的医生宣布了丈夫得了白血病”， 说明这一天是一个转折点，所以可以得出答案为B。‎ ‎59. C 细节理解题，根据第八段第二行“quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day’s medical drama unfolded安静，安静的时间来收集我的想法 “ ，所有的这一切都是精神上的一些安慰，所以答案选择The walk provided her with spiritual comfort. 这个散步给她带来了心灵的安慰。‎ ‎60. C 推理题，根据文章最后一句话no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.不管现在是多么困难或者将来是多么的难以预计，总是有一些提取快乐的方法。此题易错选A，虽然这句话是正确的。但是这篇文章并不是在说在困难时期享受快乐。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙文 ‎【名师点睛】这种记叙文，一定要理清作者的思路。往往作者经历的事情是一波几折的，最初的想法和最后的想法是不一样的。比如说最初她不想养这只宠物狗，但是最后就是这一只狗陪伴了她，让她得到了一些体会。‎ ‎14.【2015·重庆】B In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）.‎ One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. ‎ Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. ‎ When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.‎ ‎40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?‎ A. To save customers times.‎ B. To show they are high quality foods.‎ C. To help sell junk food.‎ D. To sell them at discount prices.‎ ‎41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?‎ A. Opening the store early in the morning.‎ B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.‎ C. Inviting customers to play music.‎ D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.‎ ‎42. What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?‎ A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.‎ B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.‎ C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.‎ D. A good first impression increases sales.‎ ‎43. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.‎ B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.‎ C. To report researches on customer behavior.‎ D. To show dishonest business practices.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易 ‎40.C 推断题。根据第二段提到they know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy some more junk food later in their trip为了是能够在稍后卖出那些垃圾食品，故选C项。‎ ‎41.D 推断题。根据第三段提到Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping ,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day可知烤面包的味道能促进购物，因此他们让面包味充满着整个商店，故选D项。‎ ‎42.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean throught the windows, and the the pool throught an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant of water on both levels helped sell these $10million houses当人们进入房间，看到窗外的太平洋和游泳池时，销售业绩会增长，故选D项。‎ ‎43.A 推断题。本文在解释为什么要水果放要店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易，故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会生活类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】对于社会生活类阅读，大多数是细节理解或推断题，考生要把握题干的大意，准备的定位，来找到相关信息。注意文章中的所给的汉语注释，不要由于紧张而对于 while the shop assistant is going ‎ back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later.这个词意有所忽视从而影响对于文章整体的理解。‎ ‎15.【2015·重庆】C Join the discussion…‎ LakeLander ·2 hours ago ‎ Today, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading, making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaperoutloudonthetrain, Ihave never had the courage to do it, though.‎ Pak50 ··· ·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a ‎ musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brian is said to have ‎ asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his ‎ request was refused, he took out his French horn(号) and started ‎ to practice.‎ Angie O’Edema·42 minutes ago I don’t see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.‎ Taodas ·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it turned out well. The guy took ‎ it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.‎ Sophie 76 ·13minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.‎ ‎44. The passenger made an apology to Angie O’Edema because____.‎ A. he offered his seat to someone else B. he spoke very loudly on his phone C. he refused to talk with Angie D. he ignored Angie’s request ‎45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?‎ A. Pak50 B. Angie O’Edema C. Taodas D. Sophie76‎ ‎46. What is the discussion mainly about?‎ A. How to react to bad behavior. B. How to kill time on a train.‎ C. How to chat with strangers. D. How to make a phone call.‎ ‎47. Where is the passage most probably taken from?‎ A. A webpage. B. A newspaper. C. A novel. D. A report.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 主要讲述了Lake Lander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的 不文明现象的描述和看法。‎ ‎45.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到I did read my newpaper out loud on a train可知Taodas曾在火车大声读报纸，故选C项 ‎46.A 主旨大意。本文主要是对别人的不文明行为如何做出反应的一个讨论，故选A项。‎ ‎47.A 推断题。本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长，可知来自网络，故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会现象类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是由论坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论，难度中等，注意题干的提问方式，找到问题的切入点，很容易得出答案。在第44题中题干中运用made an apology to而文章中运用的是apologised to，所以注意平时词汇的积累，会让这类的题目更有目标性； 在47题中提到文章的来源，根据段落的设计格式，显示的时间和各自所而对的问题，来推断出来自网络论坛，所以注意扩大阅读的范围，多加运用网络而不是局限于文体。‎ ‎16.【2015·重庆】E The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.‎ History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.‎ In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.‎ ‎52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?‎ A. It introduces different cultural values.‎ B. It explains the history of artistic works.‎ C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.‎ D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.‎ ‎53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ .‎ A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures ‎54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ .‎ A .they are results of scientific study B. they establish some general principles of art C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature ‎55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A. Are Artistic Values Universal? B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?‎ C. Is Human Nature Uniform? D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。‎ ‎52.C 推断题。根据第一段第一句话可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件结合在一块，故选C项。‎ ‎53.A 推断题。根据第二段提到第二行和第三行提到可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选A项。‎ ‎54.D 推断题。根据第三段第一句话提到可知Davide曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的，所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选D项。‎ ‎55.A 主题标题。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出不同的观点，故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】文化类阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。52.53.54这三道题分别属于第一段第二段和第三段这个递进的原则，所以定位段落就比较容易而最后一题属于主旨标题，把握整体，提取中心，所以这个阅读理解整体来说目标性比较强。‎ ‎17.【2015·安徽】C ‎ As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.‎ ‎ In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.‎ ‎ In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".‎ ‎ According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.‎ ‎64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. ‎ ‎ A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information ‎65. What can we learn about the first experiment?‎ A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. ‎ B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.‎ C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. ‎ D. The second group did not understand the information.‎ ‎66. In transactive memory, people ______.‎ A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information ‎ C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information ‎67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? ‎ A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent.‎ C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎64. A ‎65. C ‎66. D ‎67. A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和记忆的方式。‎ ‎64. A 写作意图题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”可知，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。‎ ‎67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。‎ ‎【考点定位】心理类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一些推理和排除。‎ ‎18.【2015·安徽】E ‎ Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.‎ ‎ Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ ‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ ‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ ‎ Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.‎ A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unity C. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.‎ ‎74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.‎ A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes ‎75. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food.‎ C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎72. B ‎73. B ‎74. A ‎75. D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。‎ ‎72. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.”可知，分享食物可以促进团结和建立信任。‎ ‎73. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year...”可知，硬币预示着来年的成功。‎ ‎74. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In China, when a baby is one month old...In many cultures, round foods”可知，作者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。‎ ‎75. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions”和第四段“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate”及最后一段“food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.”可知，文章主要讲的是食物在不同文化中的作用。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会类短文阅读 ‎【名师点睛】本篇题目的设置主要考查考生对细节的理解能力和对文章大意的把握。做细节理解题，需要快速从文章中到找有用的信息。第四题是主旨大意题，考生容易误选A项，A项太片面，它只是文章前两段所讲的内容。‎ ‎19.【2015·湖南】A Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.‎ ‎ ■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.‎ ‎ People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued ‎ to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.‎ ‎ The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.‎ ‎ ——Michael Horan ‎ ■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.‎ ‎ I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.‎ ‎ The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.‎ ‎ The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!‎ ‎ The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.‎ ‎ ——Carol Harvey ‎ ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.‎ ‎ I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.‎ ‎ Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?‎ ‎ It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim.‎ ‎ ——JML ‎ Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.‎ ‎56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.‎ ‎ A. drivers should be polite to cyclists ‎ B. road accidents can actually be avoided ‎ C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety ‎ D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes ‎57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.‎ ‎ A. be provided with enough roads ‎ B. be asked to ride on their own lanes ‎ C. be made to pay less tax for cycling ‎ D. be fined for laughing at policemen ‎58.What is a complaint of JML? ‎ ‎ A. Very few drivers are insured.‎ ‎ B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.‎ ‎ C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.‎ ‎ D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.‎ ‎59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.‎ ‎ A. accidents B. vehicles ‎ C. pedestrians D. cyclists ‎60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______.‎ ‎ A. real source of road danger ‎ B. ways to improve road facilities ‎ C. measures to punish road offences ‎ D. increased awareness of road rules ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎56．C ‎57．B ‎58．B ‎59．D ‎60．A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁。‎ ‎58．B;细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一句话：Cyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians)，ride at speed along the pavement, and think they have special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red可知JML抱怨骑自行车的人骑的太快，对道路安全产生隐患，故选B ‎59．D;细节推理题。最后一段说到：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be tranced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JML希望对自行车拥有者登记，当他们撞到行人或者车辆、制造出车祸的时候，他们能够被追查到，所以They在此指的是cyclists。故选D ‎60．A;主旨大意提。根据文章的标题和所有读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁（自行车或者行人）才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选A ‎【考点定位】社会现象类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文考查社会现象类短文阅读，要求考生根据作者的细节描述掌握这一社会现象的起因、结果及影响，然后做题，进行归纳。这篇文章旨在给出了一个议题，让人们给出讨论，意见以及看法，要求学生能够通过字里行间的细节描写找出人们对这个议题想法，例如第一段的第二句：But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.就给出Michael Horan的看法，因此方便了我们做出第56题，所以在做这种文章时一定得抓住表达作者或者他人态度或观点的句子。‎ ‎20.【2015·湖南】C ‎ Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were ‎ supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.‎ Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.‎ Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.‎ One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.‎ ‎66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station?‎ ‎ A. It was carried out once a year.‎ ‎ B. It was often announced in advance.‎ ‎ C. It was important for the keeper's fame.‎ ‎ D. It was focused on the garage and yard.‎ ‎67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______.‎ ‎ A. one of the members saw the boat ‎ B. a warning call reached the lighthouse ‎ C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap ‎ D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance ‎68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.‎ ‎ A. result in some fun ‎ B. speed up washing them ‎ C. make her home look tidy ‎ D. be a demand from the inspector ‎ ‎69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______. ‎ ‎ A. an empty pan ‎ B. many clean dishes ‎ C. pieces of baked bread ‎ D. a cloth covering something ‎70.The inspector waved his arms ______.‎ ‎ A. to try his best to keep steady ‎ B. to show his satisfaction with the floor ‎ C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother ‎ D. to express his intention to continue the inspection ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎66．C ‎67．A ‎68．C ‎69．D ‎70．A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:本文讲述了如何利用各种方法应对巡视员的突袭。‎ ‎66．C;细节理解题。根据第一段的倒数第四行和倒数第三行：and a keeper’s reputation depended on the results.（看守人的名声取决于结果的好坏）可知，故选C ‎67．A;细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句话：As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.可知在建庭成员中一旦有人发现船的到来，全家人就开始快速准备。故选A ‎68．C;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句话:Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.‎ ‎ 可知没有时间在检查之前去洗所有的碗，所以Mrs.Byrnes将所有的碗都丢进了烤箱避免被inspector发现。故选C ‎69．D;细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第三行：Mrs.Byrnes toss all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven.可知当inspector打开烤箱的时候他只会看到一块盖着布的某物，故选D ‎70．A;细节推理题。根据最后一段倒数第三行：After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.可知inspector挥动着他的双手保持平衡。故选A ‎【考点定位】社会生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】社会生活类的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，需要的是一个细心。注意事情发展的先后顺序和发展的情节，理清作者的思路，以此得出答案。有时可以找出原句，有时可能需要理解，根据前后文推断，进行一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。‎ ‎21.【2015·新课标全国II】C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.‎ This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).‎ That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.‎ But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during ‎ vacating periods,” he said.‎ ‎29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?‎ A. It is flexible in length.‎ B. It is a time for relaxation C. It is increasingly popular D. It is required by universities ‎30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____.‎ A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future job C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities ‎31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?‎ A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed ‎32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?‎ A. Attend additional courses.‎ B. Make plans for the new term C. Earn money for their education D. Prepare for their graduate studies ‎【答案】‎ ‎29. C ‎30. A ‎31. B ‎32. C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文提到大学的学费高使得很多大学生在上大学学前就要先去挣钱然后再上大学学习。这样的好处是让学生更珍惜大学的时光，更成熟有责任感。但是也给人们带来了思考。‎ ‎29.C 推理判断题。由短文第一段More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university.可知，过间隔年学生比以前多了，第三段第一句话That is a record 14.7% increase ‎ in the number of students taking a gap year.可知体验间隔年数量上升了14.7%，说明越来越受到欢迎，因此选C。‎ ‎30.A 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段。Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。故选A。‎ ‎32. C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知：NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” 数据表明，40%多的学生在学校兼职，90%的学生要在假期打工挣学费。‎ ‎【考点定位】社会社会类短文阅读 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题以大学生做兼职或专职去挣钱为话题，通过对相关数据的分析可知，大学学生的学费给他们的学习生活带来了深刻的影响。我们考生应多关注社会生活方面的文章，才能更好地理解文章，解决相关的问题。‎ ‎22.【2015·福建】A Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come ‎ from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you! La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.‎ The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!‎ ‎56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must .‎ A. wear various formal clothes B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C. kick or throw their cheese D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos ‎57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?‎ A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia. D. In China.‎ ‎58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts .‎ A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days ‎59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.‎ B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.‎ C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ ‎ Festival. D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，分别讲述了英国、新墨西哥以及巴西的几个关于食物的传统节日。‎ ‎56.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.可以知道，四个队伍，穿着滑稽搞笑的服装，在50米的路程中卷一个完整的奶酪。以及后面倒数第二句括号里面的内容, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones，这个奶酪是木头的。故选B ‎57.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.可以知道这是在新墨西哥发生的事情，从段落中第三句Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival可以知道人们到新墨西哥是为了参加Fiery food festival。故选A ‎58.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events.可以知道，西红柿大战这个西班牙的节日的持续时间是一周，故选B ‎59.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二个破折号后面的文字or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.可以知道你可以任意品尝展出的上千种的食物。故选C ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，因为很有可能有些选项会有一些迷惑性。需要考生认真判断。‎ ‎23.【2015·福建】D Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.‎ This tension between what we feel we can have and "what wre're seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities.‎ ‎ If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".‎ So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.‎ While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't. That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now.‎ Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.‎ ‎68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .‎ A.slow down and live a simple life B.be careful when we choose to change C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances D.be content with what we already have ‎69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns? A. To focus on every detail. B. To decide and take immediate action. C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act.‎ ‎70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Escape from your punishment B. Realization of your dreams. C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations.‎ ‎71.What does the author intend to tell us?‎ A.It's easier than we think to get what we want.‎ B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.‎ C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.‎ D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法就是重新选择目标并且迅速作出决定。‎ ‎69.B细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选B ‎70.C分析推断题。根据划线句子可知其本意是逃出你内心的牢笼。结合上文中在过多思考之前快速决定和行动可以推测这个划线句子是指要从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己。故选C ‎71.A分析推断题。从全文来看，作者主要是想要强调果断的行动而不是空想来实现自己的梦想和欲望，故选A.比起想要成功，行动更加容易。‎ ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。‎ ‎24.【2015·福建】E Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.‎ Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision ‎ (Hu) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you!‎ If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!‎ Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation. 72. The first paragraph focuses on .‎ A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups ‎73. The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means " ‎ ‎ A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporal*)'‎ ‎74. When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary ‎ A. to sustain a colorful lifestyle ‎ B. to party on weekends with positive people ‎ C. to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly ‎ D. to surround yourself with supportive people ‎75. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health ‎ C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要是在介绍团体运动的好处。和其他人一起运动可以和他人交流从而获得支持，也能够得到一些无形的好处。‎ ‎72.C细节题。根据文章第一句Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle团体运动是一项最有效增加身体健康保持健康生活的的方式，故选C ‎73.A分析推断题。从划线短语所在句子你可以参加一个upbeat的集体健康课，那将会使得你正确的锻炼自己。前半句if you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, 是一个if引导的条件句，意思是假如你对于在健身房游荡感到心烦并且觉得这很浪费时间。所以这个单词应该是与浪费时间和让你心烦相反的意思，故选A ‎74.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.在以健康为目标锻炼的时候和那些你能够给你尊敬和支持的人们在一起是很有益处的，故选D ‎75.B分析推断题。文章的主要内容是在说团体运动的好处，团体运动包含的好处主要是因为大家在一起运动，不仅生理上会有一些好处，而且团内其他成员会给你支持，教练也会给你们一些信息上的支持，故选B ‎【考点定位】说明文阅读。‎ ‎【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。‎ ‎25.【2015·新课标全国I】B The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.‎ ‎ The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.‎ Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.‎ ‎ Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.‎ ‎24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?‎ A. Exciting. B. Boring. ‎ C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.‎ ‎25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?‎ A. Having a swim.‎ B. Breathing in fresh air.‎ C. Walking in the morning sun.‎ D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.‎ ‎26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?‎ A. They are soft.‎ B. They look nice.‎ C. They taste great.‎ D. They are juicy.‎ ‎27. What was the author going to that evening?‎ A. Go to a farm. ‎ B. Check into a hotel.‎ C. Eat in a restaurant.‎ D. Buy fresh vegetables ‎【答案】‎ ‎24. B ‎ ‎25. D ‎ ‎26. B ‎ ‎27. C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章讲述了作者生活在冬天寒冷的纽约，当有一个到佛罗里达州萨拉索塔一个周的机会，作者在那里体验到完全不同的冬天。 ‎ ‎24. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,可以推测出作者在纽约冬天的生活是令人厌烦的。故选B。‎ ‎25. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知作者早上7点到农产品市场是很有意义的。可知选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文，整体难度中等，难度较大的是24和26题，学生容易判断错误，需要通过一定的推理才能判断正确。学生首先要从倒数第二段最后一句判断出作者原来生活在纽约，才可理解第一段第一句描述的是纽约。第26题考生是不能根据作者前面描述的文字判断，真正答案要从后段文字描述去判断。这就要求考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。‎ ‎26.【2015·上海】A Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all ‎ the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.‎ For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.‎ The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.‎ If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.‎ ‎66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?‎ A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.‎ B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.‎ C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.‎ D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.‎ ‎67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.‎ A. snowmen were made mainly by artists B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity C. snowmen were politically criticized D. snowmen caused damaging floods ‎68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.‎ A. the start of the parade B. the coming of a longer summer C. the passing of the winter D. the success of tradesmen ‎69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?‎ A. They were appreciated in history B. They have lost their value C. They were related to movies D. They vary in shape and size ‎【答案】‎ ‎66. C ‎67. B ‎68. C ‎69. A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。‎ ‎66. C 细节理解题 根据第二段第二句“ At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky 在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的一种自由艺术。”. 这说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，关键词是express，而且means 和way 同义。‎ ‎67. B 细节理解题 根据黑体字后面的内容“has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. 已经过去了，不用担心：我了解到一些历史的雪人现在依然在制造。”这表明担心的是现在没有了这样的东西，换句话说就是现在不再流行，所以答案就是B。‎ ‎68. C 细节理解题 根据“celebrate the beginning of spring …. 庆祝春天的开始”， 可以知道答案应该是冬天的过去，也就是春天的开始。所以答案是C。‎ ‎69. A 推理题根据文章的第一句话look to many of history’s cultural ‎ symbols回顾许多的历史文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的history，结合上下文可以知道答案是A （雪人在历史上是受欣赏的。）另外也可以根据排除法，排除其他选项。比如B选项，他们的价值现在依然存在，所以它的表达错误。C选项，雪人的确是与电影有关，但是这个答案不可以通过文章得出来。D选项在文章中没有提及这个内容。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文 ‎【名师点睛】 细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，而且往往答案都是在设问内容的附近。另外也可以通过排除法，一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心。‎ ‎27.【2015·上海】C One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”‎ During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.‎ The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.‎ Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example,‎ ‎ includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.‎ Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?‎ ‎73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?‎ A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade ‎74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.‎ A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops ‎ D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.‎ ‎75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?‎ A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.‎ B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.‎ C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management. ‎ D. To warn executives against power misuse.‎ ‎76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.‎ A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.‎ B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.‎ C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.‎ D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.‎ ‎77. The best title for the passage is _____.‎ A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results ‎【答案】‎ ‎73. A ‎74. B ‎75 A ‎76. D ‎77. D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的运用。‎ ‎74. B 细节题 根据第二段的一些用词“well-known advisers to the White House 著名的白宫顾问”,”management training business 管理训练商业”，可以知道答案是与leadership 管理有关。其中leadership（领导）和management 是同义词。‎ ‎75. A 细节理解题 根据“Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. 相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导” 可以知道答案是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中highlight强调和emphasize 是同义词，seizes opportunity 和catch opportunities 是同义词。‎ ‎76. D 推理题，纵观全文，本文提到的一个是莎士比亚，以及是Adelmans所创立的一个培训商业，这个培训主要是管理有关，也与领导有关。所以答案是D Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.（莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用）。‎ ‎77. D 标题题 四个选项的意思分别是A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture （莎士比亚戏剧：管理层重新认识企业文化）；B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success （莎士比亚戏剧：成功商业的关键）；C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation（莎士比亚戏剧：商业动机的一节课）；D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic ‎ results（莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧的训练带来喜剧的结果）。标题题选择的正确答案是简练高度概括，而且以文章主题相关，综合这几个因素只有D选项才符合，其他选项，要么和主题无关，要么就是扩大了范围。‎ ‎【考点定位】 这是一篇论说文 ‎【名师点睛】 这篇文章，相对来说有一定的难度。所用的词不少是专业术语，也或者是专有名词，这给阅读带来一定的障碍。但是答案多数能够在文章中找到，稍微有一点难的是77题主旨大意题，可能会是错选到其他选项。这主要是没有把握到文章的主旨，题目的设置。74题答案需要进行转换，不能够直接找到答案。推理题76题也有一定难度。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 B【湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2018届高三第三次联考】‎ In America, each of the states likes to promote itself with a slogan (口号). I currently live in Utah, where the slogan is ‘“Life Elevated”. It’s a nod to outdoor entertainment in the hill country, including the ski industry. I previously lived in Colorado, a land with red dm. great mountains and golden plains. The slogan there is ‘‘Colorful Colorado”. Years ago I lived in the “Peach State” of Georgia, and I grew up in New Mexico as a little boy, whose slogan is “Land of Enchantment (魔力)”.‎ We never seemed to get away from dust in New Mexico, so I appreciate the story of a newcomer to the Land of Enchantment who learned about dusty wind. She was visiting an antique shop and the owner wiped down every item before showing it. The newcomer said, “Everything gets dusty here pretty quickly, doesn’t it?” “That’s not dust, honey,” the shop owner replied, “That’s ENCIIANTMENT”. That made the problem more acceptable or at least can be live with. An escalator (自动扶梯) broke, so he posted a sign to warn customers. He chose not to use the traditional “Out of Order” or “Do Not Use” warnings. Instead, his sign read, “This Escalator Is Temporarily a Stairway”. He turned a minus into humor and made it a plus.‎ And in fact there arc sonic things, like the weather, we can’t change. All we can change is our ways that we think and feel about them. I believe one of the best techniques to do this is to find some humor in the situation. Finding something amusing or enjoyable of difficulty, a troublesome problem can be one of the most creative and effective things we can do. Sometimes the only sense you can make of a situation is a sense of humor.‎ ‎4. How many places has the author lived in from the first paragraph?‎ A. 2. B. 3.‎ C. 4. D. 5.‎ ‎5. How would the newcomer probably feel after hearing what the shop owner said?‎ A. Angry. B. Relaxed.‎ C. Curious. D. Nervous.‎ ‎6. What’s the purpose of writing the text?‎ A. To encourage people to find the funny side in their daily life.‎ B. To show the effects of using slogans to raise the position.‎ C. To explain the skills of turning a disadvantage into humor.‎ D. To tell the strange experience of a bargain in an antique shop.‎ ‎7. What dose the underlined word “it” in the Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Dust on items. B. The antique shop.‎ C. An item for sale. D. The Land of Enchantment.‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C ‎【解析】通过本文作者的一些经历告诉我们，找到一些有趣的困难，一个棘手的问题可能是我们能做的最有创意和最有效的事情之一。有时候，你能对一种情况做出的唯一感觉就是一种幽默感。‎ ‎4. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中I currently live in Utah, I previously lived in Colorado, Years ago I lived in the “Peach State” of Georgia, and I grew up in New Mexico从第一段可知作者住过四个地方。故选C。‎ ‎5. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中That made the problem more acceptable or at least can be live with.可知，在听到店主说的话之后，新来的人可能会感到放松。由此可知答案为B。‎ ‎6. A 推理判断题。Finding something amusing or enjoyable of difficulty, a troublesome problem can be one of the most creative and effective things we can do. Sometimes the only sense you can make of a situation is a sense of humor.可知，这篇文章是为了鼓励人们在日常生活中找到有趣的一面。故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义，抓住所需推断词汇前后的含义推出词义。根据第4小题，根据第二段第二句She was visiting an antique shop and the owner wiped down every item before showing it. 她去了一家古玩店，店主在展示it之前把每件东西都擦了一遍。由此推知，it指的是“出售的一个东西”，故选C。‎ C【东北三省三校（哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学）2018届高三第二次模拟】‎ Spending money on time-saving services reduces stress and boosts(增进）happiness，according to a new research, but shockingly, few of us do it.‎ Whillans, a professor at HBS said, “ Buying time helps to protect us from the stress in our lives caused by time pressure, and the feeling that we don’ t have enough minutes in the day to complete our tasks. ’’‎ The effect was clearest in the Canadian experiment, in which 60 working adults were given $40 to spend in two different ways. One weekend, they were told to spend the money on a material purchase—a gift for themselves. The next weekend, they were instructed to spend the $40 on anything that saved them time，from paying the neighbor ’ s kid to run errands (跑腿）to taking an Uber instead of a bus.‎ On the day they made the time-saving purchase, they felt happier, in a better mood, and lower feelings of time stress than on the day they bought a material purchase，’’ said Whillans.‎ The biggest surprise to the researchers was how few people would spend money on time-saving services. When they asked 98 working adults how they would spend a “windfall” of $40，only two percent named a purchase that would save them time.‎ ‎“ One reason，’’ said Whillans，u is that we * re very bad at remembering how much we hate doing certain tasks once the suffering has passed. That makes us less likely to take active steps to avoid that overburdened feeling in the future. ” But another possible cause is good ‎ old-fashioned guilt. “If you feel guilty about getting someone to clean your house for you, then you might get less happiness from outsourcing (夕卜包）that task，” said Whillans，u or you might just be less likely to spend your money in that way. ’’‎ ‎28. In the Canadian experiment, the participants .‎ A. were divided into two groups B. were given $ 40 every two weeks C. were asked to give money to a neighborJ s kid D. were asked to spend the money in different ways ‎29. According to the author, what can make people less time-stressed?‎ A. Paying much for a concert ticket.‎ B. Taking a regular bus to get to work.‎ C. Employing someone to clean the garden.‎ D. Buying themselves an expensive present.‎ ‎30. When it comes to spending money on ‘‘buying time”， .‎ A. no people would like to do it B. a small percentage of people choose to do it C. more people will do it if extra money is given D. most people like the idea but don ’ t practice it in life ‎31. What do the underlined words “that overburdened feeling”in Paragraph 6 refer to?‎ A. The good old-fashioned guilt.‎ B. The feeling of spending’money on goods.‎ C. The stress of having someone clean your house.‎ D. The discomfort when completing tasks we hate doing.‎ ‎【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D ‎【解析】本文讲述了如何解决时间不足的问题还能提升快乐。‎ ‎28. 细节理解题。根据The effect was clearest in the Canadian experiment, in which 60 working adults were given $40 to spend in two different ways.，可以得知在加拿大的这个试验中，参加试验的人被要求用不同的方式花钱。故选D。‎ ‎29. 细节理解题。根据u〇n the day they made the time-saving purchase, they felt happier, in a better ‎ mood, and lower feelings of time stress than on the day they bought a material purchase，’’，可以得知花钱雇佣别人打扫花园的人时间压力更少些。故选C。‎ ‎30. 细节理解题。根据The biggest surprise to the researchers was how few people would spend money on time-saving services，可以得知很少有人在购买时间上花钱。故选B。‎ ‎31. 词义猜测题。根据“ One reason，’’ said Whillans，u is that we * re very bad at remembering how much we hate doing certain tasks once the suffering has passed. That makes us less likely to take active steps to avoid that overburdened feeling in the future. ”，可以得知我们在做讨厌的事情时曾经的痛苦感觉过后总会遗忘，这样就不会采取积极行动，去避免将来这种难受不舒服的感觉再次发生。故选D。‎ D【东北三省三校（哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学）2018届高三第二次模拟】‎ We Brits love the idea of a real Christmas tree—but not so many of us like the realities of dragging a 7ft Norway Spruce through the house and leaving needles all over the place.‎ If you count yourself among the reluctant group，then it may be time to go fake (假白勺）.After all, buying an artificial Christmas tree needn, t mean accepting defeat. ThereJ s a huge range of options and sizes, including pre-lit trees, which will save you the frustration of trying to string your own lights.‎ Another big bonus of choosing an artificial Christmas tree is cost ： artificial trees can last for decades, so they work out cheaper than paying for a real tree every year. Like now retailers (零售商）are offering great deals at the moment： at Tesco, there J s 25 percent off artificial Christmas trees. Meanwhile, you can take advantage of the current 3 for 2 offer at Argos to fill your house with not one, not two, but three. You may perhaps partner up with friends who are also looking to invest.‎ Of course, keep your tree for years and years and it will start to pay you back in terms of carbon footprint; however，a “real” one will always have to be transported，used and dealt with every year.‎ Are there any downsides? Yes. You might think you, re saving the planet, but a fake tree is actually not an environmentally friendly option. Most are made in factories in Asia, resulting in some serious air miles to reach the UK. They’ re made from metal and plastic，and many end their lives in landfill.‎ Another problem with a fake tree is that they don' t look very natural—and of course you won ’ t get that lovely pine smell either. You ’ 11 also need to find space for storage.‎ ‎32. What does the underlined word “reluctant” in paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Passive. B. Related. C. Unwilling. D. Supportive.‎ ‎33. Which is the benefit of buying an artificial Christmas tree?‎ A. Abundant choices. B. The lovely pine smell.‎ C. Cheaper than a real one. D. Free for transportation.‎ ‎34. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Fake Christmas trees are environmentally friendly.‎ B. British people like to drag a real Christmas tree home.‎ C. People need to find space to store a fake Christmas tree.‎ D. People may get 3 more if they buy two fake Christmas trees.‎ ‎35. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Different reasons for choosing fake Christmas trees.‎ B. Valuable suggestions on choosing fake Christmas trees.‎ C. Efficient ways of saving money on choosing Christmas trees.‎ D. Advantages and disadvantages of choosing fake Christmas trees.‎ ‎【答案】32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】本文讲述了选择假的圣诞树来装点节日氛围的优点及其缺点。‎ ‎32. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上面的but not so many of us like the realities of dragging a 7ft Norway Spruce through the house and leaving needles all over the place.，可以得知如果你也不乐意拽着7英尺的圣诞树进屋你可以选择一颗假树。划线词是“不乐意的”，故选C。‎ ‎33. 细节理解题。根据. ThereJ s a huge range of options and sizes, including pre-lit trees, which will save you the frustration of trying to string your own lights.，可以得知在挑选假树方面，人们有很多的选择。故选A。‎ ‎34. 细节理解题。根据You ’ 11 also need to find space for storage.，可以得知你需要有空间来储藏假树。故选C。‎ ‎35. 主旨大意题。根据then it may be time to go fake Another big bonus of 以及Are there any downsides? Another problem，可以得知本文主要讲述了选择假树做圣诞树的优缺点。故选D。‎ C【东北三省三校2018年高三第一次联合模拟】‎ It’s the oldest trick in the book: threaten the kids with a piece of coal, and they’ll behave in the name of Santa Claus.Some people say that parents are purposely taking in their kids by lying to them about Santa. Is it purposely cheating or playing along with the fantasy? There are always those stories about the kindergarten teacher or parent who would tell the kids there’s no Santa Claus, and they’d all start crying on the lost dreams.But if another teacher goes into a third-grade class and says there is a Santa Claus, they’ll all laugh at her.What I say is that if they’re at the age when they’re still believing,why bother to end it?‎ Then how long should parents pretend? Studies indicate that after eight,75 percent of kids don’t believe.That’s the first “S” word that parents have to deal with—it’s not sex. It’s Santa.So the parent has to sit down and say it in a gentle way. “Listen,Santa did exist. He was a person who gave to others and now that you’re older, you can give to others and be Santa,too.”Do you think if a kid who believes in Santa walks into a third-or-fourth-grade class, his friends are going to tell him in a gentle way?No.They’re going to make fun of him, and the kid is going to run home crying ,saying you lied to him. We all remember how the news is broken to us, so if we all remember, then there’s some significance or we would have forgotten it. And it’s better to have a memory if someone doing it nicely than some kids laughing at you.‎ Santa is also used as an instrument of guilt, because Santa knows everything. So even if the kids did bad things and got away with them, Santa knew. Still. Santa alone is not a good behavioral tool. You can’t, in, say, January, play the Santa card to your child—because Christmas is too far away.‎ ‎8. According to the first paragraph, parents should__________.‎ A. telling the kids that Santa does not exist B. lie to their children on the problem of Santa Claus C. not tell the truth if their children believe Santa Claus exists D. tell children in advance in case of being laughed at by classmates ‎9. Why could your kid possibly be made fun of in the fourth grade?‎ A. He tells a lie that he believes in Santa.‎ B. He says Santa does exist in this world.‎ C. He expects gentle talks from his friends.‎ D. He gives to others and acts as Santa does.‎ ‎10. The underlined part in the last paragraph most probably means to__________.‎ A. play cards with children happily B. talk the kids out of doing something bad C. clarify the truth of Santa to the kids in a gentle way D. let the children figure the problem out by themselves ‎11. The author’s intention in writing this text is to__________.‎ A. introduce the detailed story of Santa Claus in all aspects B. prevent children from being laughed at by fellow classmates C. help children to understand whether Santa Claus is real or not D. instruct parents how to explain the existence of Santa Claus to kids ‎【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D ‎【解析】文章目的是指导父母如何向孩子解释圣诞老人的存在。‎ ‎8. C推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句What I say is that if they’re at the age when they’re still believing, why bother to end it?可知，如果他们的孩子相信圣诞老人是存在的，那就不要说真话。故选C。‎ ‎10. B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中.Santa alone is not a good behavioral tool. 圣诞老人并不是一个好的行为工具You can’t,in,say, January, play the Santa card to your child—because Christmas is too far away. 你不能，比如说，一月，给你的孩子播放圣诞老人卡——因为圣诞节太遥远了。由此可知，最后一段划线部分的意思是“告诉孩子们做不好的事情”，故选B。‎ ‎11. D主旨大意题。根据第一段中It’s the oldest trick in the book: threaten the kids with a piece of coal, and they’ll behave in the name of Santa Claus.Some people say that parents are purposely taking in their kids by lying to them about Santa. Is it purposely cheating or playing along with the fantasy?作者写这篇文章的目的是指导父母如何向孩子解释圣诞老人的存在。故选D。‎ C【东北三省四城市联考暨沈阳市2018届高三质量监测(二)】‎ Here’s an idea whose time has come: A flu shot that doesn’t require an actual shot.‎ For the first time, researchers have tested a flu vaccine patch (疫苗贴) in a human clinical trial and found that it delivered as much protection as a traditional injection with a needle. Doctors and public health experts have high hopes that it will increase the number of people who get immunized (免疫的) against the flu.‎ Seasonal flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths around the world each year according to the World Health Organization. A team led by Georgia Tech engineer Mark Prausnitz has come up with an alternative method that uses “microneedles”. These tiny needles are so small that 100 of them, arranged in order on a patch, can fit under your thumb (拇指). Yet they’re big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.‎ None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The groups that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group, while the volunteers in the regular needle group were more likely to experience pain. Overall, 70 percent of the volunteers who got vaccine patches said they’d rather use them again than get a traditional flu shot. The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.‎ The biggest beneficiaries could be people in low-and-middle—income countries, where flu vaccines are hard to come by. Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits-the patch costs less, is easier to transport, doesn’t require refrigeration, can be self-administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles — are even better.‎ ‎“Microneedle Patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs,” wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.‎ ‎8. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. A vaccine patch that cures people of their flu.‎ B. A clinical study that protects people from disease.‎ C. A patch that makes flu shots a thing of the past.‎ D. A method that makes traditional flu shots painless.‎ ‎9. What do we know about the vaccine patch?‎ A. It is produced by the WHO.‎ B. It causes slight side effects.‎ C. It delivers vaccine to the little finger.‎ D. It works badly on 30% of the volunteers.‎ ‎10. The new patch has all the following benefits except that .‎ A. it is provided free of charge B. it can be used without a doctor C. it can be kept at room temperature D. it needs less care in transportation ‎11. What is Katja and Maria’s attitude towards the new shot?‎ A. Cautious. B. Favorable.‎ C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.‎ ‎【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B ‎【解析】本文介绍的是一种不需要实际注射，并且效果很好，易于操作，成本低，易于运输，不需冷藏流感疫苗贴。‎ ‎8. C 主旨大意题。根据第一段A flu shot that doesn’t require an actual shot.第三段These tiny needles are so small that 100 of them, arranged in order on a patch, can fit under your thumb (拇指).Yet they’re big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.第四段The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.等内容可知本文介绍的是一种不需要实际注射并且效果很好的流感疫苗贴，这个新发明使以往的疫苗注射成为了过去。故选C.‎ ‎9. B 细节推理题。根据第四段None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The groups that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group,可知疫苗实验过程中，志愿者只是有轻微的副作用反应，故选B.‎ ‎10. A 细节推理题。根据第三段These tiny needles can fit under your thumb倒数第二段Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less，is easier to transport, doesn’t require refrigeration, can be self - administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles—are even ‎ better.可知这种疫苗贴的优点，易于操作，成本低，易于运输，不需冷藏，没有针头的浪费等，题中A项没有明确提到，故选A.‎ ‎11. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Microneedle Patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs,” wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.可知Katja Hoschler和 Maria Zambon认为这种疫苗贴有可能成为疫苗接种项目的理想候选，由此可见他们对疫苗贴是赞成的，故选B.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。‎ 做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：‎ ‎1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍的是一种不需要实际注射，并且效果很好，易于操作，成本低，易于运输，不需冷藏流感疫苗贴。‎ ‎2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。小题2考查疫苗贴的细节内容，根据第四段None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The groups that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group,可知疫苗实验过程中，志愿者只是有轻微的副作用反应。小题3考查疫苗贴的优点，根据第三段These tiny needles can fit under your thumb倒数第二段Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less，is easier to transport, doesn’t require refrigeration, can be self - administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles—are even better.可知这种疫苗贴的优点包括，易于操作，成本低，易于运输，不需冷藏，没有针头的浪费等，题中A项没有明确提到。‎ B【吉林省百校联盟2018届高三TOP20十一月联考】‎ Since last March, I have been visiting a pet clinic because of my cat Eddie. The clinic is in northern Massachusetts, about two hours from our home on Cape Cod. I expected it would be terrible depressing but it’s just the opposite. I have been so surprised at what I have learned there.‎ Now I believe happiness is something to love in any form. If I’ve ever know an angel, it is Keri, Eddie’s technician. Both Eddie and I are under her loving care. She gives Eddie his medicines.She gives me emotional guidance as well.‎ I can offer tell when it’s someone’s first visit. They’re usually crying. I think the reason why the rest of us don’t cry has nothing to do with hope. I think it has to do with another ingredient of happiness. When we think about our pet’s distant future, even if they’re healthy, w will feel sad. Keri, in her prayerful voice says, “Focus on loving Eddie right now.” “Right now” is the only way people think at he clinic.‎ Instant connection is what happens in the waiting room. We join together to tenderly life a lame dog. We take turns distracting a cat with sparkly toys so she doesn’t chew her bandage. Nobody asks for help. Everybody offers. We just do it.‎ When the end of life is very near, owners often believe their pet’s happiness is more important than something like a strict diet. A young fellow whose pet dog suffers from canner says, “He can have anything he wants now.” So I guess an element of happiness is not so much the length of a life but the joy and peace that life contains.‎ At this place, the focus is not on dying, and it’s not on living. The focus, for pets and for people, is on living happily.‎ ‎4. What does Keri stress most according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. Living is happy.‎ B. Time is precious.‎ C. Hope is certain.‎ D. Love is everything.‎ ‎5. What does instant connection in the waiting area wean?‎ A. They live in harmony.‎ B. They help each other.‎ C. They are full of love.‎ D. They ask for help.‎ ‎6. Why does a young fellow have his pet eat anything it wants?‎ A. He wants his pet to gain weight.‎ B. He likes to do whatever he wants.‎ C. An Lovely Angel of a Pet Clinic.‎ D. The Ingredients of Happiness.‎ ‎【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C ‎【解析】本文通过讲述了作者在宠物店里的亲身经历，感受到了活着就是快乐的，对于宠物和人们来说，关注的焦点应该是快乐的生活。‎ ‎4. A细节理解题。根据文章Focus on loving Eddie right now可知Keri建议现在专注于爱Eddie，要活在当下，活着就是幸福的，故选A。‎ 点睛：阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。‎ C【吉林省百校联盟2018届高三TOP20十一月联考】‎ Even if you don’t have to work, eat or sleep, you won’t be able to get through all infermation on blogs and social networks. The problem we face is that much of this information seems very interesting at first glance. Actually, much of the information is unimportant, disposable and it distracts（分心）us from more meaningful pursuits. Worse still, when we spend lots of time consuming information from our social media streams, we may find it hard to concentrate on what we’re doing and we have a tendency to forget what we have consumed anyway.‎ A new study from Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology has found that too much social media exposure actually reduces your ability to process information and depletes your short-term working memory.‎ Our working memory plays a critical role in our capacity to filter information and remember what is valuable but it is not a limitless resource. Erik Fransén, a professor in Computer Science at KTH and the leader of this new study on social media overload says this can explain why our capacity for processing information begins to fail when we attempt to stuff more information in the working memory.‎ In fact, when you try to process the information like speech or video, you are going to need partly the same system of working memory, so you are reducing your own working memory capacity. And when you try to store many things in your working in your working memory, you get less good ‎ at processing information.‎ It is the periods of downtime of your brain—preferably disconnected from the distractions of your computer or smartphone—that are needed for memory consolidation and transferring important information to your exposure to new information. Besides, you can empty your mind of thoughts quickly to relax completely, go for a short walk or spend s few minutes listening to music. This will help you improve your capacity to process information and increase your productivity.‎ ‎7. What can we learn abut social media overload from Paragraph 1?‎ A. It distracts our attention.‎ B. It is beneficial to us.‎ C. It brings us whatever we want.‎ D. It keeps us informed of everything.‎ ‎8. Why does your capacity for processing information begin fall sometimes?‎ A. Much of the information is unimportant.‎ B. You don’t make the most of your brain.‎ C. You’re less good at processing information.‎ D. Your working memory is a limited source.‎ ‎9. What does the underline word “downtime” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A. Support.‎ B. Relaxation.‎ C. Increase.‎ D. Loss.‎ ‎10. Which is recommended to relax your brain?‎ A. Listening to music for a while.‎ B. Thinking over things carefully.‎ C. Taking enough physical exercise.‎ D. Focusing more on the present.‎ ‎【答案】7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A ‎【解析】本文讲述了社交媒体会给我们提供很多的信息，这些信息大部分没有用处，甚至会扰乱我们的注意力。同时我们的工作记忆也不是无限的，需要我们整合信息，清空思绪，以便更好地提高处理信息和提高生产率的能力。‎ ‎7. A推理判断题。根据文章第一段Actually, much of the information is unimportant, disposable and it distracts（分心）us from more meaningful pursuits.大部分信息是不重要的，一次性的，它分散 我们更有意义的追求，可知社交媒体分散了我们的精力，故选A。‎ ‎8. D推理判断题。根据文章第三段Our working memory plays a critical role in our capacity to filter information and remember what is valuable but it is not a limitless resource. Erik Fransén, a professor in Computer Science at KTH and the leader of this new study on social media overload says this can explain why our capacity for processing information begins to fail when we attempt to stuff more information in the working memory.我们的工作记忆在过滤信息的能力中起着至关重要的作用，但是它并不是一个无限的资源。可知有时我们处理信息的能力降低是因为我们的记忆被限制，故选D。‎ ‎9. B词义猜测题。根据后边Besides, you can empty your mind of thoughts quickly to relax completely, go for a short walk or spend s few minutes listening to music.清空思绪，完全放松自己，downtime是放松relaxation，故选B。‎ ‎10. A细节理解题。根据文章Besides, you can empty your mind of thoughts quickly to relax completely, go for a short walk or spend s few minutes listening to music. This will help you improve your capacity to process information and increase your productivity.此外，你可以很快清空你的思绪，完全放松，走一小段路，或者花几分钟时间听音乐，这将帮助你提高处理信息和提供生产率的能力。故选A。‎ 点睛：正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文 推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能 力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。‎ ‎【东北师大附中2015级高三第二次模拟】D Can you be too beautiful? It is hardly a problem that most of us have to bother — as much as we might like to dream that it were the case.‎ Yet the blessings and curses of beauty have been a long-standing interest in psychology. Do ‎ those blessed with shiny faces and an attractive body live in a cloud of appreciation — or does it sometimes pay to be ordinary?‎ Combing through decades of findings, social psychologists Lisa Slattery Walker and Tonya Frevert at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte have reviewed all the evidence to date and their conclusions are not what you might expect.‎ At the most basic level, beauty might be thought to carry a kind of halo(光环) around it; we see that someone has one good quality, and by association, our deep mind may assume that they have other good ones too.‎ Even in the courts, a pleasing appearance can work its magic. Attractive criminals are likely to get less strict sentences, or to escape punishment entirely; attractive plaintiffs(原告), meanwhile, are more likely to win their case and get bigger financial settlements. “It’s an effect seen everywhere,” says Walker.‎ But if beauty pays in most circumstances, there are still situations where it can have opposite results. While attractive men may be considered better leaders, for instance, hidden sexist prejudices(偏见) can work against attractive women, making them less likely to be hired for high-level jobs that require power. And as you might expect, good-looking people of both sexes run into envy — one study found that if you are interviewed by someone of the same sex, they may be less likely to employ you if they judge that you are more attractive than they are.‎ More worryingly, being beautiful or handsome could harm your medical care. We tend to link good looks to health, meaning that illnesses are often taken less seriously when they affect the good-looking. When treating people for pain, for instance, doctors tend to take less care over the more attractive people.‎ And the bubble of beauty can be a somewhat lonely place. One study in 1975, for instance, found that people tend to move further away from a beautiful woman on the pathway — perhaps as a mark of respect, but still making interaction more distant. “Attractiveness can convey more power over visible space — but that in turn can make others feel they can’t approach that person,” says Frevert. Interestingly, the online dating website OKCupid recently reported that people with the most beautiful pictures are less likely to find dates than those with less perfect pictures.‎ Ultimately, Frevert points out that focusing too much on your appearance can itself be harmful ‎ if it creates stress and anxiety — even for those already blessed with good looks. “If you are crazy about attractiveness, it may affect your experience and interactions,” she says. It’s an outdated saying, but no amount of beauty can make up for a bad personality. As the writer Dorothy Parker put it so elegantly: “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clean to the bone.”‎ ‎12. From paragraph 1, we can learn that _______.‎ A. some may be bothered by their unattractive appearance B. most people are not afraid of being too beautiful C. we might always dream about being bothered by others D. being too beautiful can be a problem bothering everyone ‎13. Which is the benefit for beautiful people?‎ A. An attractive plaintiff has more chances to get away with punishment.‎ B. Women with pleasing appearance will always be considered as better leaders.‎ C. Good-looking people are often regarded as having many good qualities.‎ D. Beautiful criminals are more likely to persuade the judge and win the case.‎ ‎14. The writer mentioned the underlined sentence in the last paragraph to _______.‎ A. persuade us to pay more attention to our looks from now on B. suggest that beauty can help make a better personality C. encourage us to focus more on improving our personality D. ask ugly people to have more confidence in their personality ‎15. What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Negative Sides of Beauty B. Sexist Prejudice C. Blessed with Beauty D. Beauty vs Ugliness ‎【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A ‎【解析】本文讲述了美丽的好处和坏处，重点研究了美丽的消极影响。‎ ‎12. B 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“It is hardly a problem that most of us have to bother — as much as we might like to dream that it were the case.”可知，对大多数人来说，美并不是一个问题，故选B。‎ ‎13. C 细节理解题。根据文章的第四段“...we see that someone has one good quality, and by ‎ association, our deep mind may assume that they have other good ones too.”可知，漂亮的人通常被人认为具有良好的品质，故选C。‎ ‎15. A 主旨大意题。根据文章的大意“外表美的人们在某种程度上会获得优待，但是作者认为心灵美才是最重要的”可知答案选A。‎ ‎【黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学2018届高三上学期第五次调研】B A supermarket checkout operator was praised for striking a blow for modem manners and a return to the age of politeness after refusing to serve a shopper who was talking on her mobile phone. The supermarket manager was forced to apologize to the customer who complained she was told her goods would not be scanned unless she hung up her phone. Jo Clark, 46, said, “I don’t know what she was playing at. I couldn't believe how rude she was. When did she have the right to give me a lecture on checkout manners? I won’t be shopping there again.”‎ But users of social media sites and Internet forums(论坛）were very angry that store gave in and the public appeared to be supporting the angry checkout worker. “Perhaps this is d turning point for mobile phone users everywhere. When chatting, keep your eyes on people around you. That includes people trying to serve you, other road users and especially people behind you in the stairs,” said a typical post.‎ ‎“It's time checkout staff fought back against these people constantly chatting on their phones. They can drive anyone crazy. It's rude and annoying. I often want to grab someone's phone and throw it as far as I can, even though I am not a checkout girl, just a passer-by,” said another.‎ Siobhan Freegard, founder of parenting site www.Netmums.com said, “While this checkout operator doesn't have the authority to order customers to switch off their phones, you can see clearly how frustrated and angry she felt No matter how busy you are, life is nicer when you and those around you have good manners.”‎ ‎5. According to Jo Clark, the checkout operator .‎ A. lacked the knowledge of checkout manners.‎ B. played with a mobile phone while at work.‎ C. deserved praise for her modem manners.‎ D. had no right to forbid her from using her mobile phone.‎ ‎6. The third and fourth paragraphs imply that the public .‎ A. are used to chatting on their mobile phones.‎ B. are driven crazy by constant mobile calls.‎ C. seem to support the checkout operator.‎ D. ignore the existence of mobile phone users..‎ ‎7. The passage is mainly about .‎ A. whether we should talk on our phones while being served B. why we can talk on mobile phones while shopping.‎ C. what good manners checkout operators should have.‎ D. how we can develop good manners for mobile phone.‎ ‎【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B ‎【解析】本文主要讲了消费者与收银员之间冲突的事例。收银员拒绝为结账时打电话的顾客服务，并且要求顾客挂掉电话，否则不予扫描消费品。这件事引起了公众的广泛关注。不同的人也有不同的看法。‎ ‎5. D 推理判断题。根据第二段When did she have the right to give me a lecture on checkout manners?什么时候她有权利对我进行结账礼仪的演讲？可知，Jo Clark认为收银员没有权利要求她挂断电话。故选D。‎ ‎6. C 细节理解题。根据But users of social media sites and Internet forums(论坛）were very angry that store gave in and the public appeared to be supporting the angry checkout worker.社交网站和论坛的用户对于商店道歉一事感到愤怒，并且公众似乎支持收银员愤怒的行为，可知选C。‎ ‎7. B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是顾客在结账时只顾打电话，而没有注意到收银员的感受。故我们在接受别人的服务时，也要考虑是否该打电话。故选B。‎ ‎【黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学2018届高三上学期第五次调研】C The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways arid roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads ‎ a little safer. “We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” India's transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.‎ The visual illusions (幻象）are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.‎ India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014.‎ The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings.‎ In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.”‎ However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers arc visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.‎ ‎8. According to the passage, 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers in India aims to .‎ A. Replace all speed breakers from highways.‎ B. Encourage essential requirements of speed breakers.‎ C. Check speeding and careless driving on all highways.‎ D. Remind divers to speed down voluntarily for road safety.‎ ‎9. What caused the high number of road accident deaths in India?‎ A. Speeding motorists. B. Floating 3D crossings.‎ C. Free use of visual illusions. D. Bad application of traffic jaws.‎ ‎10. The author explains the experiment of 3D zebra crossings in India by .‎ A. giving examples. B. analysing causes.‎ C. providing figures. D. making comparisons.‎ ‎11. What’s the author's attitude towards 3D zebra crossings?‎ A. Subjective. B. Objective.‎ C. Supportive. D. Critical.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. A ‎【解析】本文叙述了印度政府用3D图画作为主要路段的减速器，目的是使危险的路段变得更安全。但有人也对此种方法的有效性表示怀疑。‎ ‎8. D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways and roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer可知，印度政府用3D图画作为主要路段的减速器目的是提醒司机自动地减速从而使公路更安全。故选D。‎ ‎10. A推理判断题。根据第四段The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings.可知，作者通过例子来解释3D斑马线的实验。故选A。‎ ‎11. B推理判断题。根据最后一段However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India’s decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.（不过，也有人持反对意见，因为司机一旦熟悉这种3D斑马线带来的幻觉，他们就可能会直接忽略这些装置。还有人指出，印度政府的决定没有考虑到广大行人的安全。这种提高道路安全的新政策可能只是一时有效而已。）可知，作者以客观的态度去认识3D斑马线。故选B。‎ C【黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2018届高三第一次模拟】‎ ‎83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend. As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(种植园) and cattle grounds, he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.‎ ‎“When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,” he told the reporters, “I thought: ‘Water is valuable, no one makes water and the population will not stop growing. What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.’”‎ With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life, and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded by rats and foxes, and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.‎ As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water, sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it. Then the animals started making a home there, Today, the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there, and more species are settling in every year.‎ ‎“There are toucans(巨嘴鸟), all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning,” 83-year-old Vicente says, “If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.”‎ ‎8. What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?‎ A. They wasted much water on farming.‎ B. They focused on short-term profits,‎ C. They cared much about the environment.‎ D. They relied heavily on rainforests for a living.‎ ‎9. What used to be young Antonio’s biggest concern?‎ A. Overpopulation.‎ B. Polluted water.‎ C. Loss of grasslands.‎ D. Water shortage.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Trap,‎ B. Disaster,‎ C. Shelter,‎ D. Balance.‎ ‎11. In the last paragraph, Antonio mainly expresses his .‎ A. affection for his forest B. thanks for his family C. deep love for rare birds D. pride as a successful farmer ‎【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A ‎【解析】本文叙述的是83岁的Antonio Vicente花了一生40年的时间抗击干旱的故事。‎ ‎8. B推理判断题。根据第二段When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,”--- What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.’”可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B。‎ ‎9. D推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life,可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。故选D。‎ ‎10. C词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.在最近40年，他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树，目前虽小但独特的热带雨林地区是野生动物的天堂。由此推知划线的意思是“遮蔽”，故选C。‎ ‎11. A推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are toucans（巨嘴鸟）, all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning,” 83-year-old Vicente says. “If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知Antonio主要在表达他对森林的影响。故选A。‎ D【黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2018届高三第一次模拟】‎ The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed this way because threats, like dangerous animals, had a more immediate effect on our ancestors’ survival compared to positive things like food or shelter. As a result, you likely know what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy?‎ Research suggests that our level of happiness depends partly on factors we cannot control—our genes and our life circumstances. But our level of happiness is also shaped by the choices we make. If you’ve been chasing wealth, fame, good looks, material things and power, you may be looking for happiness in all the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits make people happier.‎ People who form close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of friends we have is not important, What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings, mutual respect, acceptance, trust and fun.‎ People who exercise regularly improve both their physical and mental well being. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as medication in treating depression,‎ When we are so interested in an activity we enjoy that we lose track of time, we are in a state of flow. The activity could be making art, playing piano, surfing, or playing a game. People who experience flow in their work or hobbies tend to be happier,‎ People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and use them regularly, People who set goals and use their strengths to achieve them tend to be happier. People are especially happy when they can use their strengths to serve the greater good.‎ People who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful, Being mindful means being open to, focusing on and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.‎ ‎12. Why does the human brain remember negative things more easily?‎ A. Negative things are easy to remember.‎ B. Dangerous wild animals are a threat to us,‎ C. Our ancestors had no enough food for living.‎ D. Negative things tend to affect human survival immediately,‎ ‎13. How does the author like looking for happiness in material things?‎ A. Uncertain.‎ B. Opposed,‎ C. Supportive.‎ D. Optimistic.‎ ‎14. What does the author suggest us in the last paragraph?‎ A. Enjoying our life and work.‎ B. Leading a happy life each day.‎ C. Being positive in our life and work.‎ D. Thinking more about the future.‎ ‎15. What does this text mainly tell us?‎ A. The factors that make people happy.‎ B. How to remember positive things easily,‎ C. The habits which people form in their life.‎ D. Why people remember negative things easily.‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A ‎【解析】真正能使我们快乐的并不是物质的东西，作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的习惯。‎ ‎12. D 细节推理题。根据第一段Our brains have developed this way because threats, like dangerous animals, had a more immediate effect on our ancestors’ survival compared to positive things like food or shelter.可知负面的东西相对于积极的东西对我们祖先的生存有更直接的影响，所以更容易被记住。故选D.‎ ‎14. C 推理判断题。最后一段People who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic are more likely to be happy.积极乐观的人感恩，专注，乐观，更容易快乐。以及下文几者之间的内在关系可知作者建议我们在生活和工作中要积极乐观，故选C.‎ ‎15. A 主旨大意题。作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的习惯，如建立亲密关系，锻炼，了解自己的优点，感恩，专注，乐观积极的生活态度等。即使人快乐的因素，故选A.‎ C【吉林省长春市2018届高三一模】‎ Lately a popular eight-floor bookstore in Hefei,Anhui province,has risen to fame because it becomes the world's first shared bookstore,in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.‎ It comes to people's attention as more than 200,000 visitors flooded the store on its first day as a shared bookstore on July 16 this year,a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013.Some 4,000 books were brought home on the first day,Thepaper.cn reported.‎ Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit fee（押金）.‎ All books on sale in the bookstore are available for sharing.Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount.The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms.People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back,and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.‎ ‎"We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,"Xu Xinwei,who helps run the bookstore,told Thepaper.cn.‎ Some parents buy a lot of books for their children,but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up.Similarly,some popular novels for young people also fall out of fashion,according to Xu."Books are more effectively circulated when they're shared."‎ ‎8. The bookstore becomes a shared one .‎ A. to make more money B. to make more room for new books C. to inspire more people to read D. to recommend new books ‎9. What does the underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A. Become well-known. B. Settled down.‎ C. Broken up. D. Taken over.‎ ‎10. What can we infer.from the passage?‎ A. The bookstore was once the best in Anhui province.‎ B. The books that are sold here can't be borrowed.‎ C. More than 4,000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.‎ D. The cost of reading can be reduced by sharing the books.‎ ‎11. What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?‎ A. The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children.‎ B. The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.‎ C. The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book read.‎ D. The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading.‎ ‎【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C ‎【解析】这篇短文介绍安徽省合肥市成立世界上第一家共享书店，吸引了更多的读者。‎ ‎8. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.”可知这个书店成为一家共享书店为了让更多的公民阅读。故选C.‎ ‎9. 词义猜测题。根据第一段中popular一词，以及提到这家书店成为世界上第一家共享书店，可见这家书店应该“名声大振”。risen to fame译为“名声大振”。故选A.‎ ‎10. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“"We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,”可推知，共享图书可以降低阅读成本，这样人们可以更多的阅读。故选D.‎ ‎11. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.”可知，所有的阅读者都可以得到每本书一元钱的奖励。故选C.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。‎ A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有： ‎ ‎（1）The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".‎ ‎（2）What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?‎ ‎（3）The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.‎ ‎（4）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph? ‎ ‎（5）The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.‎ ‎（6）By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7),Stover means that snakelike robots _______.‎ B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。‎ 语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略： ‎ 策略（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义 ‎ 标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号（---）、冒号 (：) 常常起解释说明的功能，引号（‘’）和（( )）有时也起到相同的作用。‎ 策略（2）：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 ‎ 运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless;  while/whereas;  otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand等。‎ ‎ 策略（3）：依据下定义，作解释、打比喻等猜测词义 在说明文，科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分（即先定义后解释）或先分后总（即先说明后结论）的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有：be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called (被称为)，mean/ refer to/be(意指，是) 。‎ 策略（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义 ‎ 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。‎ 策略（5）：依据例证猜测词义 ‎ 采用事实说理（即例证）以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有：like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。‎ 此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的有效捷径。‎ 如小题2，由第一段中popular和“the world's first shared ‎ bookstore”可知这家书店是世界首家，并且很受欢迎，结合“encourage more reading among Chinese citizens”可知鼓励更多的读者，综合这些信息，可以猜测risen to fame这一短语的意思是“名声大振”。‎ B【黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市五校联谊2018届高三上学期期末联考】‎ I was playing in my kitchen. My mom stood in front of me, hardly keeping the tears from spilling over. She told me that my little cousin had cancer. Hearing this, I went completely numb. How could this be happening? I had just seen her, and she was fine.‎ These things didn’t happen to our family, that’s what my uncle said. It seemed like the world turned upside down; just last week my grandmother had passed away. I felt like I couldn’t get my feet on solid ground.‎ That’s when my sister, Ella, came down the stairs with her long brown hair freshly washed. She sat next to me and smiled. Despite what was happening, everything would work out, her smile seemed to say.‎ ‎“Mom, do you think I could get my hair cut tomorrow?” Ella asked.‎ ‎“Sure,” Mom said, starting to wash the dishes.‎ ‎“I want to donate it to Locks of Love” Ella smiled.‎ My mom stopped washing and turned to look at her. “Are you sure?” I noticed that Mom was holding back tears. This was a sacrifice(牺牲) for Ella. Her long hair was an important part of her.‎ ‎“Yeah, it’s just hair. Eventually it will grow back.” She said.‎ ‎“All right,” Mom said quietly, smiling again.‎ Ella gave up a part of herself for a while. She let a piece of herself go to someone else, someone she didn’t know. That day she became my hero too.‎ ‎4. On hearing little cousin had cancer, how did the author feel?‎ A. Confused B. Afraid C. Shocked D. Worried ‎5. Which statement is true according to Paragraph 2?‎ A. The world is unfair to the writer’s family.‎ B. Unlucky things of the family made the writer very sad.‎ C. The writer had the disability with her legs.‎ D. Unlucky things didn’t happen to the writer’s family.‎ ‎6. What did the Ella to donate?‎ A. Her comb B. Her doll C. Her book D. Her hair ‎7. What can we know about Ella?‎ A. She was kind and willing to help others B. She liked smiling, but didn’t love cooking.‎ C. She made her mother regret her hair.‎ D. She didn’t like wearing long hair again.‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A ‎【解析】文章作者描述家庭的一些遭遇，情绪低落时妹妹的善良和乐观给了他信心。‎ ‎4. 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子Hearing this, I went completely numb. How could this be happening? I had just seen her, and she was fine.可知作者听说小堂妹患癌症时，感到很震惊，完全麻木了。故选C。‎ ‎6. 细节理解题。根据Ella和妈妈的对话“Mom, do you think I could get my hair cut tomorrow?” Ella asked.“Sure,” Mom said, starting to wash the dishes.“I want to donate it to Locks of Love” Ella smiled.以及“Yeah, it’s just hair. Eventually it will grow back.” She said.可知Ella要捐赠的是她的头发。故选D。‎ ‎7. 推理判断题。根据文章的描述Ella要把她最爱的头发捐给Locks of Love，把她最爱的一部分给她不认识的人。可推断她很善良并且乐于助人。故选A。‎ ‎【东北师大附中净月实验学校2017-2018学年高三第二次校内模拟】C To a large degree,the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment . In spite of what happened yesterday or last year,and what may or ‎ may not happen tomorrow,the present moment is where you are-always!‎ Without question,many of us have mastered the neurotic （神经兮兮的）art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things-all at once.We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments,so much that we end up anxious,frustrated depressed,and hopeless.On the other hand,we also delay our happiness,often convincing ourselves that “someday” will be much better than today.Unfortunately,the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward to the future will only repeat themselves so that “someday”never actually arrives.John Lennon once said,“Life is what is happening while we are busy making other plans.”When we are busy making“ other plans”, our children are busy growing up, the people we love are moving away and dying, our bodies are getting out of shape,and our dreams are slipping away.In short,we miss out on life.‎ Many people live as if life were dress rehearsal for some late date.It isn't.In fact,no one has a guarantee that he or she will be here tomorrow.Now is the only time we have,and the only time that we have any control over.When our attention is in the present moment,we push fear from our minds.Fear is the concern over events that might happen in the future-we won't have enough money,our children will get into trouble,we will get old and die,whatever.‎ To combat fear,the best strategy is to learn to bring your attention back to the present.Mark Twain said,“I have been through some terrible things in my life,some of which actually happened.”I don't think I can say it any better.Practice keeping your attention on here and now.Your efforts will pay off .‎ ‎8. In the first paragraph,the author tells us to focus on .‎ A. the past B. the future C. every day D. the present ‎9. Why do we often have some negative feelings?‎ A. Because we often forget what happened in the past.‎ B. Because we are often disturbed by what happened in the past and what will happen in the future.‎ C. Because we often pay attention to what is happening at present.‎ D. Because we often ignore what will happen in the future and what happened in the past.‎ ‎10. The underlined word in the last paragraph means .‎ A. depend B. deserve C. determine D. defeat ‎11. The best title of this passage is .‎ A. Always live in the present moment B. Never forget the past C. Never complain about life D. Always get prepared for the future ‎【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A ‎【解析】生活中我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于最终焦虑、沮丧和绝望。我们要学会把注意力拉回到当下，活在现在。‎ ‎8. D 细节推理题。根据第一段the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment .和the present moment is where you are-always!可知我们内心是否平和在很大程度上是由我们是否能生活在现实之中所决定的. 现实才是你时时刻刻所在之处。我们应该注重现在，活在当下。故选D.‎ ‎9. B 细节推理题。根据第二段We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments, so much that we end up anxious, frustrated depressed, and hopeless. 我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于我们最终会焦虑、沮丧和绝望。这是我们经常有消极感情的原因，故选B.‎ ‎10. D 猜测词义题。A. depend依靠；B. deserve应受，应得；C. determine决定；D. defeat战胜，打败。此处指要克服恐惧，最好的策略就是学会把注意力拉回到当下。combat指战胜，克服，与defeat同义，故选D.‎ ‎11. A 主旨大意题。生活中我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于最终焦虑、沮丧和绝望。我们要学会把注意力拉回到当下，活在现在。A项：永远活在当下，概括全文适合作为标题，故选A.‎ D【黑龙江省大庆铁人中学2018届高三期中考试】‎ Chinese students’ extremely neat handwritten compositions have aroused a heated debate among Internet users since photos of the compositions and a teacher’s picky remarks were published on Daily Mail Online.‎ ‎“Can you believe this essay is handwritten? ” Daily Mail Online asked.‎ The website reported on the compositions that looked like they had been machine printed and on the teacher’s remarks at Hengshui High School in North China’s Hebei Province, one of China’s top 100 high schools. The teacher wrote, “not one stroke (笔画) more, not one stroke less” about some compositions that weren’t neatly written.‎ The story immediately aroused a heated debate among British Internet users and got 652 comments after it was published on Wednesday. Some British readers were amazed by the neat handwriting and attributed (归于)China’s growing development to this strict teaching method. A reader named Jim said, “This is another example of why China is rising to the top”, and his comment gained 72 supports. But some readers thought the too-picky method doesn’t make sense in helping students learn better English and suppresses（压制） students’ creativity.‎ Chinese Internet users also expressed different opinions after English newspapers, a user of China’s Twitter like Sina Weibo, posted the story along with its comments on Weibo on Thursday. Since then, the post has received 1, 479 comments. Sina Weibo user wenjinzetui said, “Beautiful handwriting proves an ability”, echoing an old Chinese saying that the style is the man. However, another Weibo user, honorificabilitus, said, “It’s meaningless to pursue that neat English handwriting, since learning language is for communicating, let alone English students don’t write that neatly. ”‎ There are also many Weibo users showing worry about this too-strict teaching method, as weibo user li-owl-stop said, “We should reflect the Chinese-style education, and it’s hard to imagine what would happen if all the schools in China adopted the teaching method at Hengshui High School. ”‎ ‎12. What can be inferred from the last sentence in the third paragraph?‎ A. The teacher’s teaching method was very strict.‎ B. The student’s handwriting was too bad.‎ C. The teacher was too-picky.‎ D. The compositions were not printed by machine.‎ ‎13. As for the Chinese students’ extremely neat handwriting, the British Internet users ________.‎ A. were amazed by it B. thought it suppresses students’ creativity C. had different views about it D. thought it meaningless ‎14. What Sina Weibo user wenjinzetui said tells us that ________.‎ A. a person whose handwriting is beautiful must be an able man B. one’s handwriting can reflect his or her certain ability in a way C. a person whose handwriting is neat must be beautiful D. the saying that the style is the man is out of date today ‎15. According to the weibo user li-owl-stop, what is the Chinese-style education?‎ A. The education using strictest teaching method.‎ B. The education stimulating students’ creativity.‎ C. The education for all the Chinese people.‎ D. The education like British education.‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A ‎【解析】本文主要讲了中国学生非常整洁的书法作品在网上引发了热烈的讨论。‎ ‎12. 推理判断题。由The teacher wrote, “not one stroke (笔画) more, not one stroke less” about some compositions that weren’t neatly written. 可推断出这位老师的教学方式非常严格，选A。‎ ‎14. 细节理解题。由Sina Weibo user wenjinzetui said, “Beautiful handwriting proves an ability”, echoing an old Chinese saying that the style is the man.可知新浪微博用户wenjinzetui认为一个人的书写，在某种程度上反映了他一定的能力，选B。‎ ‎15. 细节理解题。由as weibo user li-owl-stop said, “We should reflect the Chinese-style education, and it’s hard to imagine what would happen if all the schools in China adopted the ‎ teaching method at Hengshui High School. ”可知微博用户li-owl-stop认为使用最严厉的教学方法的教育是中国式教育，选A。‎ ‎【河北省邯郸市2018届高三1月教学质量检测】‎ I stood in a noisy group of sixth grade students, waiting for the answer to our burning question: What type of crazy tie would Mr. Miller be wearing today?‎ Our teacher walked around the comer with a GREEN ELEPHANT TIE that matched his large elephant coffee cup! Oh, the satisfaction in our young hearts—a green elephant tie!‎ With his glasses at the tip of his nose, he greeted us cheerfully, “Good morning, folks!” He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.‎ I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons. But when he turned on the music, my classmates and I slowly turned our heads toward the sound of… Feter Paul and Mary singing “If I Had a Hammer”.‎ Snickers（窃笑）filled the room. If it wasn’t rap or hip hop, we didn’t recognize it. What were these people singing about? My classmates were not into this at all. But for me, a girl of 12, it was a discovery. An awakening.‎ Twenty years passed and now there are forty little eyes staring at my wild musical-note shirts as I greet them with a joyful, “Good morning, class!” I wonder if my students wait and wonder what crazy music clothes I will wear each day.‎ I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on－as I’ve carried on the legacy（遗产）of Mr. Miller.‎ One teacher, who dared to be different and open new worlds to kids like me, threw the significant stone into the pond of my life. I pray the ripples（涟漪）never end.‎ ‎4．What can we infer about Mr. Miller?‎ A. He was an animal protector. B. He didn’t take his work seriously.‎ C. He often dressed up in an unusual way. D. He often asked his students burning questions.‎ ‎5．How did the author react to the song “If I Had a Hammer”?‎ A. Puzzled. B. Disappointed.‎ C. Uninterested. D. Excited.‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “this” in the text refer to?‎ A. A kind heart. B. The smile.‎ C. A gift for music. D. The love for teaching.‎ ‎7．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?‎ A. To prove her love for music.‎ B. To show a teacher’s effect on her.‎ C. To call on students to take up teaching.‎ D. To share her experience in music learning.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎4．C5．D6．D7．B ‎【解析】文章通过自己的经历讲述了老师对自己的影响。‎ ‎4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知作者的老师系了个绿色的大象领结来搭配他的大象咖啡杯，再根据第三段He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.可以推断出他经常打扮地与众不同。‎ ‎5．细节理解题。根据第四段I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons.可知，作者很兴奋。‎ ‎6．词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on—as I’ve carried on the legacy (遗产) of Mr. Miller.可知，作者想知道哪位学生能像自己一样把老师对自己的影响---对教学的热爱继续下去。所以D正确。‎ ‎7．写作意图。文章前无端介绍了作者的老师对自己的影响，6，7，8段讲到自己作为老师也希望呢个向老师一样自己能对学生产生影响。所以，文章的写作意图是为了表明老师对自己的影响。‎ C【河北省沧州市2018届高三教学质量监测】‎ Even looking back on the revolutionary changes the Internet has brought to our lives,the future of it is still beyond imagination.But what is clear is making the best use of the Internet will be of ever-greater importance to promoting economic development and social progress.‎ Already Chinese companies that are seizing the opportunities presented by the Internet occupy a place in global industry.The rise of e-commerce（电子商务）is particularly noticeable in ‎ China,where it is common for the majority of young people to do shopping online,which not only saves them time,hut also saves them money.‎ For the vast rural areas,where the majority of poverty-stricken（穷困的）people live,the growing popularity of Internet technology will hopefully help lift people out of poverty.There have been reports about how some rural villagers sell their agricultural products online and some use the Internet to get in touch with their customers,which may make it easier for them to make decisions.Still they only account for 28.6 percent of the total 618 million internet users nationwide.So much can still be done to further popularize the use of the Internet and promote e-commerce in rural areas.‎ Looking further ahead,the development of the Internet can strengthen the connection among different economies.No one can tell how much potential there is to be unlocked by the effective use of Internet technology to promote the manufacturing industry（制造业）and the service industry.And with government,it is not just time and cost benefits that are the potential fruits of Internet technology,because the Internet will also help promote policy-making and public services.‎ ‎9. What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Chinese companies. B. Online stores.‎ C. Online shoppers. D. Internet users.‎ ‎10. What does the example of some rural villagers show?‎ A. The Internet is not common in rural areas.‎ B. Rural villagers have less access to the Internet.‎ C. Rural areas have done little to popularize the Internet.‎ D. The Internet does contribute to economic development.‎ ‎11. What benefit can government get from the use of the Internet?‎ A. Promoted policy-making.‎ B. More developed service industry.‎ C. Increased manufacturing industry.‎ D. Improved connection among economies.‎ ‎【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A ‎【解析】本文主要介绍了互联网的发展对中国各方面的影响。‎ ‎10. D 推理判断题。根据第三段For the vast rural areas,where the majority of poverty-stricken（穷困的）people live,the growing popularity of Internet technology will hopefully help lift people out of poverty.可知，农村村民利用互联网技术可以帮助他们脱贪，所以我们可以推断出互联网的确有助于经济发展。故选D.‎ ‎11. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段And with government, it is not just time and cost benefits that are the potential fruits of Internet technology, because the Internet will also help promote policy-making and public services.可知，政府可以从互联网的使用中获益，那就是促进了政策的制定和公共服务。故选A.‎ B【河北省邢台市2018届高三上学期期末考试】‎ Can you imagine four hours of your day getting to and from work? For the last eight years, Jo Meade rode her bike each Sunday on a 16-mile round trip to her job washing dishes. It took more than an hour each way. Other days of the week she would spend two hours on three buses from her apartment to get to the other work, for a four-hour round trip.‎ That was the “before” part of her life. The “after” part of her life was started by the community Police Officer Trevor Arnold, who delivered a used car to her with the help of a car dealer and other donors.‎ Arnold, who spotted Meade, red and sweaty, riding her bike in the worst heat this summer, decided he would het her a car. He intended to quietly buy her a used car out of his own pocket so he turned to his friend Kody Slaght, a car salesman to ask about a car priced $1,000. That wasn’t enough for a reliable ride, Slaght said, but the dealership said they would find a good car for her at a good price. Soon others were donating. Slaght and Arnold wouldn’t say how much the car cost, but the value is about $4,000.‎ Arnold said he was motivated by Meade’s work ethic（职业道德）to help. “I see a lot of hardworking people nut that’s when they are at work. Can you imagine spending four hours of your day getting to and from work?” he said.‎ Meade’s boss said she was awesome and really reliable when she worked and she got along with others. “She’s willing to rise the three buses to get in here on her day off if we need her too.”‎ Meade said she was planning to buy a car, “but I haven’t been able to afford it,” she said. “Trevor, he is a very good guy. I did not expect this.”‎ ‎4. What can we learn about Jo Meade’s work?‎ A. It’s free but low-paid.‎ B. It’s not worth her devotion.‎ C. It’s competitive and high-paid.‎ D. It’s time-consuming on the road.‎ ‎5. Why did Slaght disagree to Arnold’s buying a car priced $1,000?‎ A. The car was too expensive for Meade.‎ B. The car was beyond Arnold’s affordability.‎ C. The car had been donated to another person.‎ D. The car was not in good condition of driving.‎ ‎6. What inspired Arnold to buy a car for Meade?‎ A. His sympathy for Meade. B. His duty as a policeman..‎ C. Her commitment to work. D. Her desire for a better life..‎ ‎7. What’s Meade’s feeling for the donated c ar?‎ A. Normal. B. Surprised.‎ C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B ‎【解析】本文主要讲了Jo Meade去上班，花费在路上的时间非常长，社区警官Trevor Arnold为她的职业道德所激励，捐赠给她一辆汽车。‎ ‎4. 细节理解题。由It took more than an hour each way.和for a four-hour round trip.可知Jo Meade去上班，花费在路上的时间非常长，选D。‎ ‎5. 推理判断题。由That wasn’t enough for a reliable ride, Slaght said,可知Slaght不同意Arnold买标价1,000美元的车是因为这辆车驾驶状况不好，选D。‎ ‎6. 细节理解题。由Arnold said he was motivated by Meade’s work ethic（职业道德）to help.可知Meade的职业道德激励Arnold为她买一辆车，选C。‎ ‎7. 推理判断题。由Meade said she was planning to buy a car, “but I haven’t been able to afford it,” she said. “Trevor, he is a very good guy. I did not expect this.”可推断出对于这辆被捐赠的汽车，Meade感觉非常吃惊，选B。‎ ‎【河北省保定市2018届高三上学期期末调研】D Henderson Island is a coral island raised above the South Pacific Ocean. No people live on it. The island is 9.6 kilometers long and 5.1 kilometers wide. It has an area of 37.3 km2. Henderson Island became a World Heritage Site in 1988 because of its bird life.‎ All the four kinds of special land birds (Henderson Crake, Henderson Fruit Dove, Henderson Lorikeet and Henderson Reed-warbler) can only be seen on Henderson Island. There are also fifteen non-local seabirds. Other local things include nine kinds of plants (of the sixty-three kinds on the island), four kinds of land snails (蜗牛) (of the sixteen kinds), and one butterfly (the only kind on the island).‎ Although no people live on Henderson Island, archaeological evidence suggests that a small Polynesian (波利尼西亚) group lived here between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries until it disappeared. The reasons for its disappearance are unknown, but are probably related to the similar disappearance of the Polynesians on Pitcairn Island. The Hendersonians would have depended on them for many of the basics of life.‎ On January 29, 1606, Henderson Island was discovered by Portuguese sailor Pedro Fernandes de Queiros, who named it San Joao Baptista. On January 17, 1819, the island was rediscovered by British Captain Henderson of the British Fast India Company, and named Henderson Island. On March 2, 1819, Captain Henry King, sailing on the Elizabeth, landed on the island to find the Union flag already flying. His crew scratched the name of their ship on a tree, and for some years the name of the island was Elizabeth or Henderson.‎ In the early 1980’s, American businessman Arthur M. Ratliff expressed interest in buying Hendersons Island, and establishing a small settlement with an airstrip, farm and large houses.‎ ‎ But the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office refused it at last, after environmentalist groups persuaded them to protect the natural ecology and environment of the island.‎ ‎12. What contributes to Henderson Island becoming a World Heritage Site?‎ A. Its unique land birds.‎ B. Its special wildlife.‎ C. Its beautiful coral.‎ D. No living people on it.‎ ‎13. Who first came to Henderson Island?‎ A. British Captain Henderson.‎ B. British Captain Henny King.‎ C. A small Polynesian group.‎ D. Portuguese sailor Pedro Fernandes de Queiros.‎ ‎14. Henderson Island got its present name .‎ A. after it was first discovered on January 29, 1606‎ B. after it was rediscovered on January 17, 1819‎ C. until Henry King sailed on Elizabeth and landed on it D. until in 1988 it became a World Heritage Site ‎15. Ratliff’s offer to buy the island was turned down because .‎ A. the British Commonwenlth office disagreed B. his small settlement caused damage to it C. he wanted to buy it at a lower price D. environmentalists convinced officers to take it as reserve ‎【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D ‎【解析】 本文属于历史知识。主要讲述了亨德森岛于1988因其鸟类的生活成为世界文化遗产。有四种特殊的陆地鸟类只能在亨德森岛上看到的。在12到15世纪一小群波利尼西亚人是它最早的居民，其后消失了。在1819年1月17日，英国快速印度公司的英国船长亨德森重新发现了这个岛屿，并将其命名为Henderson Island。‎ ‎13. C ‎【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的archaeological evidence suggests that a small Polynesian (波利尼西亚) group lived here between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries … 进行推断。‎ ‎【答案定位】根据第三段中的“archaeological evidence suggests that a small Polynesian (波利尼西亚) group lived here between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries ….”考古证据表明，一小群玻利尼西亚人在十二到十五世纪期间住在这里。由此可知一小群波利尼西亚人是最早来这儿的。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干Who first came to Henderson Island? ☞文章内容archaeological evidence suggests that a small Polynesian (波利尼西亚) group lived here between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries ‎【答案】archaeological evidence suggests that a small Polynesian (波利尼西亚) group lived here between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries.☞C选项A small Polynesian group. ‎ ‎【名师点睛】推理判断题之（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。‎ 根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。‎ ‎14. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On January 17, 1819, the island was rediscovered by British Captain Henderson of the British Fast India Company, and named Henderson Island”。可知在1819年1月17日，英国快速印度公司的英国船长亨德森重新发现了这个岛屿，并将其命名为Henderson Island。由此可知B项符合题意，故选B项。‎ ‎15. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知：在1980年代早期，美国商人Arthur M. Ratliff表达了购买亨德森岛的兴趣，并建立一个小居住地，有机场跑道、农场和大房子。但是英国外交和联邦事务部在环保组织说服他们保护该岛的自然生态和环境之后，最终拒绝了这个请求。由此可知D项符合题意，故选D项。‎ A【河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期四模】‎ Living Music in the Home Living music in the Home is a Waldorf-inspired resource for parents and teachers who wish to share the joy of music with their children and student. We provide musical training for adults so they can make music in their homes and classrooms.‎ NEW! In addition to our online offerings (see below), we are now offering in-person parent-child music classes in western Massachusetts. We invite you to come to join us for BabySong and ChildSong, offered at the Cottage Garden.‎ CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION CLICK HERE FOR REGISTER OUR ONLINE COURSES Finding Your Inner Voice Instructor: Michelle Prindle (about)‎ Available: March 17‎ This course offers instruction in vocal (唱歌的) technique that will help parents and teachers to find their inner voice. The course removes modem misunderstandings about the voice. It offers advice on overcoming psychological boundaries to joyful singing. This is done through practical, confidence-building exercise that parents and teachers can practice in their own homes along with the videos and audio files provided. The course also offers a variety of songs for singing with children.‎ Mood of the Fifth Instructor: Dan Prindle (About)‎ Available: March 17‎ This course begins by giving parents and teachers a solid foundation in the basics of western music theory that are necessary for understanding music in the mood of the fifth. These include the fundamentals of music theory (basics of pitch and rhythm). The course then continues to define ‎ the mood of the fifth, describe its elements and give a variety of examples. This course provides the necessary knowledge for parents and teachers to fully understand this often unclearly defined concept.‎ ‎1. If Tome who doesn’t have a computer wants to use the resource, he can .‎ A. call Michelle Prindle directly B. take the course Finding Your Inner Voice C. join in BabySong and Childsong at the Cottage Garden D. take in-person music classes in eastern Massachusetts ‎2. What can teachers and parents learn in the online courses?‎ A. Instruction in vocal technique.‎ B. How to breathe while running.‎ C. Various songs suitable for adults.‎ D. How to deal with children successfully.‎ ‎3. One can learn about western music by taking .‎ A. Mood of the Fifth B. Finding Your Inner Voice C. in-person parent-child lessons D. any of the online courses mentioned ‎4. This text is most probably taken from a .‎ A. science journal B. travel guide C. storybook D. website ‎【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D ‎【解析】 本文是广告类文章，本文主要关于网上给家长和老师提供在线生活音乐。不仅提供音乐还提供在线培训课程。‎ ‎1. C ‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段“we are now offering in-person parent-child music classes in western Massachusetts. We invite you to come to join us for BabySong and ChildSong, offered at the Cottage Garden.”分析句意可知除了在线产品外，他们还在马萨诸塞州西部提供面对面的亲子活动音乐课，邀请你来参加他们在别墅花园提供的BabySong和ChildSong。‎ 由此可推断出没有电脑可以参加面对面的音乐课程。故选C。‎ ‎2. A ‎【名师点睛】细节理解型 ‎ 文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。 （2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。 （3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。 4）是非辨别型。 （5）事实排序型。‎ ‎【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。‎ ‎【答案定位】。根据“CLICK HERE…OUR ONLINE COURSES”点击这儿可获得更好的信息可知是网上的课程，再根据“Available: March 17”中的第一句“This course offers instruction in vocal (唱歌的) technique that will help parents and teachers to find their inner voice”可知是本课程给家长和老师提供声乐技术指导。A项中的This course offers instruction in vocal technique 即课程提供声乐方面的指导，也就是题干中teachers and parents can learn in the online courses老师和家长可在网上课程中学到的声乐指导。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干What can teachers and parents learn in the online courses? ☞文章内容This course offers instruction in vocal (唱歌的) technique ‎【答案】This course offers instruction in vocal (唱歌的) technique…☞A选项Instruction in vocal technique..‎ ‎3. A 细节理解题。根据“Mood of the Fifth”中的第一句“This course begins by giving parents and teachers asolid foundation in the basics of western music”分析本句可知本课程中可学得西方音乐。‎ ‎4. D 细节理解题。根据文章中多次出现的“online ”，更为重要的是第大写部分 “CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION CLICK HERE FOR REGISTER OUR ONLINE COURSES”‎ ‎ 其中的click点击这儿可获得更多的网上课程，由此可判断出是来自网页上，故选D。‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1.[2017 · 安徽省马鞍山二中、安师大附中高三阶段性测试]‎ Whenever something looks interesting or beautiful, there is a natural desire of us to capture (捕捉) and preserve it—which means, in this day and age, that we are likely to reach for our phones to take a picture.‎ ‎ Though this would seem to be an ideal solution, there are two big problems associated with taking pictures. Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place. And secondly, because we feel the pictures are safely stored on our phones, we never get around to looking at them, so sure are we that we'll get around to them one day.‎ ‎ The first person to notice the problems was an English art critic (评论家), John Ruskin. He was a keen traveller who realized that most tourists make a poor job of noticing or remembering the beautiful things they see. He argued that humans have a natural tendency to respond to beauty and desire to have it, but there are better and worse expressions of this desire. At worst, we get into buying souvenirs or taking photographs. But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just one thing we should do—attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.‎ Ruskin said, “Drawing can teach us to see, to notice properly rather than gaze absentmindedly. In the process of recreating with our own hand what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”‎ Ruskin deplored the blindness and hurry of modern tourists, especially those who prided themselves on travelling around the whole Europe in a week by train, “No changing of places at a hundred miles an hour will make us stronger, happier, or wiser. There was always more in the world than men could see, if they ever walked slowly; they will see it no better for going fast. The really precious things are thoughts and sights, not pace.”‎ ‎1. According to Paragraph 2, when taking pictures, people tend to________．‎ A．forget to appreciate something attractive on the spot B．find it hard to learn skills of taking good pictures C．find a good way to keep things in their minds D．have a chance to meet the challenge of new technology ‎2. According to Ruskin, what should travellers do to best express their appreciation and desire for something beautiful?‎ A．To speak it out openly. ‎ B．To photograph it instantly.‎ C．To purchase it directly. ‎ D．To paint it immediately.‎ ‎3. From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that Ruskin encourages us to be________．‎ A．considerate and determined ‎ B．active and adventurous C．creative and thoughtful ‎ D．sensitive and ambitious ‎4. The underlined word “deplored” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．appreciated B．criticized ‎ C．favoured D．ignored ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇评论性文章。英国评论家Ruskin对现代游客只忙于拍照而没有真正去欣赏美的事物这一现象进行了分析，鼓励人们要有创造力和多思考，要善于发现美好的事物。‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据第三段的“But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just one thing we should do—attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.”和第四段的“Ruskin said, ‘Drawing can teach us to see, to notice properly rather than gaze absentmindedly.’…”可知Ruskin认为表达对美好事物的欣赏的最好办法是把它画下来，故选D。‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据第四段“…‘In the process of recreating with our own hand what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.’”可知Ruskin鼓励我们要有创造力和多思考，故选C。‎ ‎4．B　词义猜测题。根据上文可知Ruskin鼓励我们要有创造力和多思考，要善于发现美好的事物。此处指Ruskin谴责现代游客的盲目和匆忙，没有好好欣赏美。deplore“谴责，哀叹”与B项同义，故选B。‎ ‎2. [2017·河北省衡水中学高三七调]‎ Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But，they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times，the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible.“Most often”，says Barry Brown，an expert in humancomputer interaction，“it is a combination of the two”．‎ We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype (网络电话软件)．He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay. Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And，then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again，the GPS is kind of ‘garbage in garbage out’”．‎ Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But，he says，what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings，or failures，of GPS equipment. Barry Brown：“One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn，sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.”‎ Barry Brown once worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal，Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS”．It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated，incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.‎ Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers，passengers and GPS systems work together.‎ ‎1. In Paragraph 2，Mr Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to________．‎ A．build up his own reputation ‎ B．laugh at his stupid friend C．prove the GPS system is only garbage ‎ D．describe an example of human error ‎2. Which of the following statements would Barry Brown most likely agree with?‎ A．GPS units are to blame for most GPS service failures.‎ B．We should introduce higher standards for the driving licence.‎ C．Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems.‎ D．Drivers，GPS systems and passengers should unit to improve GPS systems.‎ ‎3. What is Mr Brown's attitude towards GPS?‎ A．Unconcerned. B．Subjective. ‎ C．Objective. D．Critical.‎ ‎4. What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Driving with GPS can be difficult B．Driving confusions can be caused by small screens C．Driving without GPS should be much more convenient D．GPS equipment in driving：to be deserted or improved?‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了GPS引起的问题，最后告诉我们要想使得GPS更好，我们需让司机、乘客和GPS三者合作。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句和第三段第一句“…‘They actually put their home address in’…”；“‘Mr Brown says this is a common human error’…”可知布朗先生说这是一个普通的人为错误。故选D。‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.”可知为了使得GPS变得更好，我们应该对如何使司机、乘客和GPS系统的合作有一个更好的理解。故选D。‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。unconcerned不关心的；subjective主观的；objective客观的；critical批评的。在文章中，布朗先生既说了GPS的优点，又说了它的缺点并就如何使得GPS更好地被使用提出建议，因此布朗先生对GPS的态度是客观公正的。故选C。‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。文章开篇提到了GPS的优点，但立即出现了but表示转折，即“But, they can also cause a lot of problems…”，将文章主题引向转折后的内容。故选A。‎ ‎3. [2017·云南师范大学附属中学高三高考适应性考试(四)]‎ Media both in America and the world seem to have “discovered” that socalled“reality” shows are very profitable, resulting in a growing tendency of such shows in recent years.Although not all are successful, many do achieve important popularity and cultural significance.That does not mean, however, that they are good for society or that they should be shown.‎ The primary basis for many of these shows (but not all) seems to put people in painful and embarrassing situations for the rest of us to watch and, probably, laugh at and be entertained by.What we are looking at here is an example of Schadenfreude, a German word used to describe people's delight and entertainment at the failings and problems of others.So what causes us to obtain entertainment from the suffering of others? Perhaps we are simply happy that these things aren't happening to us, and it seems more reasonable when we see something accidental rather than something deliberately staged for our amusement.‎ Speaking of “indeliberately staged plots”， one of the attractions of reality television is the supposed “reality” of it—unplanned situations and reactions.However, one of the moral problems of reality television is the fact that it isn't as “real” as it pretends to be.Entertainment, of course, often comes from conflict, so conflict will be created where none exists.If the show cannot arouse conflict during the filming, it can be created by putting pieces of footage (片段) together.It is all in what the producer chooses to show, or not show to you, as the fact often may be.‎ Any morality holder should refuse to neither underwrite (负担费用) nor watch any programming, no matter how popular it is.It is morally wrong to do such things for fun (especially on a regular basis) and to do it for money or to pay to have it done.‎ ‎1. Which of the following is NOT an example of “Schadenfreude”？‎ A．You laugh at someone slipping on the ice.‎ B．You take pleasure in the failure of a company you dislike.‎ C．You are entertained by comedies shown in the cinema.‎ D．You feel pleased at your opponent's hurting himself/herself in the competition.‎ ‎2. According to Paragraph 3, why does the “reality show” fail to achieve the “reality” it should have?‎ A．The pieces of footage put together aren't underwritten by morality holders.‎ B．Some of the editing and conflicts are created artificially and deliberately.‎ C．The unplanned situations and reactions aren't profitable and eyecatching.‎ D．The painful and embarrassing situations are unbearable for audiences to see.‎ ‎3. According to the text, what is the author's attitude towards “reality show”？‎ A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. ‎ C．Critical. D．Objective.‎ ‎4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　A　　　　 B　　　　C　　　　 　D ‎【文章大意】 本文是议论文。针对目前流行的“真人秀”节目，作者从心理和“真实性”两方面分别做了探讨，指出“真人秀”的弊端，呼吁人们不要观看。‎ ‎3．C　观点态度题。从第一段最后一句及第四段最后一句可知，作者对“真人秀”持批评、不支持的态度。‎ ‎4．B　文章结构题。第一段引出话题，第二段、第三段分别从心理层面和真实性层面对问题进行分析，第四段得出结论。故选B。‎ ‎4. [2017 ·北京市海淀区高三上学期期末]‎ There is no doubt eCommerce is growing, and it will continue to grow.However, physical stores would not die as a result of the rise of eCommerce, at least not in the near future.The idea that eCommerce is taking over physical stores has already misguided many people.Physical stores are far from vanishing, and there are some solid reasons for it.‎ The projection for online spending is optimistic with $110 billion expected to be spent in the coming three years, yet we are also expecting $300 billion in spending at physical stores in the same duration.Do you still think that physicalstore shopping is too small to sustain the eCommerce blow? ‎ Even though consumers are staying away from physical stores that follow older concepts, yet we are seeing the rise of fresh concept stores all around the US.We are seeing innovative and attractive success stories of physical stores, ranging from clothes stores to restaurants to health spas.It would be easy to assume that this trend will continue.‎ Indeed, many shopping malls are dying, yet there are still those shopping centres that are performing well.You can see this for yourself by visiting shopping malls near you.What I want to emphasize here is that not all shopping centres are made equal, just like not all eCommerce retailers are made equal.Both shopping malls and eCommerce sites can lose business if they fail to maintain productivity through improvements and innovations.When you visit shopping centres that are serious about their business, you would see their shops and parking lots packed.‎ On the other hand, even etailers like Amazon have experimented with popup shopping concepts.It is important to bear in mind that consumers prefer facetoface interactions instead of online interactions during shopping, meaning that physical stores are going to stay there.‎ ‎ Still, eCommerce retailers are seeing all of their excitement disappear as they settle the sales tax problem associated with etailing.As of now, five states of America have already imposed sales tax on purchases through eCommerce sites, and etailers in those states have already witnessed 6 to 12 per cent decrease in sales.‎ This reinforces the fact that physical stores are here to stay, and if you are still undervaluing their growth, you are omitting a huge chunk of the retail representation.‎ ‎1．The underlined word “projection” in Paragraph 2 probably means________．‎ A．intention B．assessment ‎ C．performance D．prediction ‎2．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．Etailers are more creative businesses.‎ B．Fresh concepts help build good business.‎ C．Fewer consumers will visit physical stores.‎ D．Physical stores can't stand the blow of eCommerce.‎ ‎3. What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Is offline spending greater than online spending?‎ B．Online stores vs physical stores—what's the difference?‎ C．Will physical stores replace eCommerce in the near future?‎ D．Does eCommerce success mean physical stores will disappear? ‎ ‎4. Which of the following shows the development of the passage? ‎ ‎　 A. 　　　　B. 　　　　　C. 　　　　D.‎ CP: Central Point　　P: Point　　Sp: Subpoint (次要点)　　C: Conclusion ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了网店的兴起是否会导致实体店的消亡。作者从各个角度出发，来证明自己的观点。‎ ‎1．D　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The projection for online spending is optimistic with $110 billion expected to be spent in the coming three years, yet we are also expecting $300 billion in spending at physical stores in the same duration.”可知画线词的意思是“预测”，故选D。‎ ‎2．B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Both shopping malls and eCommerce sites can lose business if they fail to maintain productivity through improvements and innovations.”可知新的理念有助于建立良好的业务。故选B。‎ ‎3．D　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“This reinforces the fact that physical stores are here to stay, and if you are still undervaluing their growth, you are omitting a huge chunk of the retail representation.”可知“Does eCommerce success mean physical stores will disappear？(电子商务的成功意味着实体店会消失吗？)”符合题意，故选D。‎ ‎4．A　篇章结构题。文章第一段首先提出中心论点：实体店不会消失，然后第二、 三 、四段从实体店的营业收入及实体店仍旧很火爆来论证实体店不会消失；第五段和第六段从电商的角度来说明实体店不会消亡。最后一段得出结论，实体店不会消亡。故答案为A项。‎ ‎5. [2017·辽宁省重点高中协作体高三上学期期末]‎ I'm part of the Roots & Shoots programme founded by Dr Jane Goodall.The programme is intended to make and promote positive changes in the world.As Dr Goodall says, “What you do makes a difference, and you have to decide what kind of difference you want to make.”‎ In Bulgaria, where I live, homeless dogs are everywhere.Many people here turn a blind eye to them.But I cannot ignore the life of a street dog whenever I see one wandering in the street, looking for something to eat.That's why I'm no longer a food waster.When I see wasted food, I always think of a hungry dog climbing to garbage bins, searching for food that people have thrown there.When eating in a restaurant, I'm not afraid to take leftover food to feed stray cats or dogs.‎ ‎ A week ago, I saw a homeless dog around the garbage bins.Immediately I knelt down, spoke to her softly and ran my hands over her.I could see that she had had puppies.I couldn't imagine how she could have been able to care for them.Hours earlier, I'd bagged up a plate of leftover fish.As I unwrapped it, she wagged her tail and sniffed at it.She ate all the fish in no time.‎ It's sad, isn't it? I can't understand why many of us waste so much and think little of it.These homeless animals have taught me that food is precious.Even when I don't have leftovers with me, I'll take the time to get something from the grocery store to feed them.‎ I know my power is small, so I hope that next time you see wasted food, do turn it into worthy food.You have the power to save a life!‎ ‎1. The author uses what Dr Goodall says to show________．‎ A．how we can develop our business B．why it is important to be great C．why the programme is popular globally D．how we can change the world positively ‎2. What can be concluded from the text?‎ A．There are few homeless dogs where the author lives.‎ B．The author takes homeless dogs home and raises them.‎ C．Seeing homeless dogs makes the author never waste food.‎ D．People throw food into garbage bins to feed homeless dogs.‎ ‎3. The author took the leftover fish with him to________．‎ A．eat it when he was hungry B．feed a homeless dog he met C．look for more homeless animals D．set an example to those who throw away food ‎4. The author wrote the text to ask us to________．‎ A．value our food ‎ B．treat dogs as our friends C．save wasted food for homeless dogs ‎ D．raise homeless dogs and cats ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者写这篇文章的目的是要求我们为流浪狗节省废弃的食物。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“I'm part of the Roots & Shoots programme founded by Dr.Jane Goodall.The programme is intended to make and promote positive changes in the world.”可知作者用Dr Goodall说的话表明我们怎样积极地改变世界。故选D。‎ ‎2．C　推理判断题。根据第二段开头几句“In Bulgaria, where I live, homeless dogs are everywhere.Many people here turn a blind eye to them.But I cannot ignore the life of a street dog whenever I see one wandering in the street, looking for something to eat.That's why I'm no longer a food waster.”可推知作者看到流浪狗再也不浪费食物。故选C。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“Hours earlier, I'd bagged up a plate of leftover fish.As I unwrapped it, she wagged her tail and sniffed at it.She ate all the fish in no time.”可知作者把剩下的鱼喂给他遇到的流浪狗。故选B。‎ ‎6.[2017·贵州省遵义航天高级中学高三第五次模拟]‎ Every year in America, highschool students who want to go to college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT in a shortened way. Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at all. The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures one's mathematical ability and use of the English ‎ language. Traditionally, the English part involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.‎ But the SAT folks have added a single question, to be answered in an essay, handwritten on the spot. That's an interesting way to test writing ability, but content aside, have you ever seen young people's handwriting lately? Or anyone's for that matter, in this age of computer keyboards? Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks. They scribble class notes in what can generously be described as the written word.‎ Yet today's kids are asked to write, thoughtfully and clearly, for several minutes on this SAT Test. Good luck to the text scorers who must work out difficultly the scrawl (潦草的字迹) of young people who've been typing on computers since the age of three! Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one's score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers. And don't forget, we all have to turn to handwriting from time to time, as computers go down when power goes out.‎ Then how to improve the handwriting? Well, with a few simple steps you can improve your handwriting.‎ Position the pen. You should hold the pen between the forefinger and the thumb, then rest it near the first knuckle (指节) of the middle finger. The rest of your fingers should be curled (卷曲) under your hand and your hand should remain relaxed.‎ Evaluate your writing. Make changes to your letters till you like how they look.‎ Take your time. Speed is bound to make your writing messylooking.‎ Practise. Practise it a lot; it's not enough to do it once and hope for the best. It has to be something you work at to make great improvements.‎ ‎1. The underlined word “scribble” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．write quickly and roughly ‎ B．type simply and correctly C．paint clearly and neatly ‎ D．describe properly and well ‎2. According to Paragraph 3, students with good handwriting skill________．‎ A．can pass the SAT B．can develop good characters ‎ C．can impress their classmates ‎ D．can get more job opportunities ‎3. Which of the following should you avoid when improving your handwriting?‎ A．Practising writing a lot.‎ B．Writing as fast as you can.‎ C．Relaxing your hand when holding the pen.‎ D．Changing your letters till you like how they look.‎ ‎4. The text is to present the fact that________．‎ A．writing seems to be very important in the SAT B．those who will go to college have to take the SAT C．students should practise handwriting more often D．kids don't know how to write in the computer age ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇论说文。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达引出话题。当前学生不注重书写，此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。‎ ‎1．A　词义猜测题。结合画线部分语境可知，在计算机时代，学生手写的内容已经不多，他们只有在办银行业务时才会书写，故推断学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草，故选A。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段提到的“Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one's score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress potential employers.”可知漂亮的书法不仅能在考试中帮助得分，也能在今后找工作中给雇主留下好印象，故选D。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据最后三段的首句Evaluate your writing；Take your time；Practise.可知没有提到B项，这是写作中应该避免的。故选B。‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达引出话题，指出当前学生不重视书写，而此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯，故选C。‎ ‎7. [2017·河南省平顶山市高三第一次模拟]‎ Have you ever wondered that we parents are the true fighters in the collegeadmission wars? We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build résumés so they can get into the college of our first choice. In our eyes, a degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. We see our kids' college background as something showing how well or how ‎ poorly we've raised them. But we don't realize we are selfish. We think more about ourselves than the kids.‎ It's true getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown. We suffer great anxiety; we worry there won't be enough honours to show off. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. We hold the belief that graduates of best universities must enjoy more success because they get a better education. All that is seemingly acceptable—and mostly wrong.‎ ‎“We haven't found any convincing evidence that a prestigious university (名牌大学) matters，” says Ernest T．Pascarella of the University of Iowa, coauthor of “How College Affects Students”， an 827page report of hundreds of studies of the college experience.‎ According to some studies, graduates of prestigious universities do earn much money. But even this seems like just a coincidence.‎ Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may mean intelligence, talent and ambition. But there are many other things that are equally important. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isn't life's only competition. In the next competition, the results may change. Princeton economists Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top PhD programme. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didn't.‎ So, parents, lighten up. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that but too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we place on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. They may have been so accustomed to being on top that anything less disappoints them.‎ ‎1. Parents are the true fighters in the collegeadmission wars, probably because________．‎ A．they make more preparations than their children B．they focus on the results more than their children C．they decide which university fits their children best D．they think more about themselves than their children ‎2. The writer believes that in the present USA________．‎ A．a top college means a bright future B．children suffer greater anxiety now than in the past C．being admitted to college has become more and more difficult D．children should apply to more schools than ever to enter a top college ‎ ‎3. What is the meaning behind the sentence “Kids count more than their colleges.”？‎ A．Continuing education is more important to a person's success.‎ B．A person's happiness should be valued more than their education.‎ C．What kids learn at college cannot match job market requirements.‎ D．Kids' actual abilities are more important than their college background.‎ ‎4. What does Krueger's study suggest?‎ A．Getting into PhD programmes may be more competitive than getting into college.‎ B．Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programmes.‎ C．Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores.‎ D．Connections built in prestigious universities may be kept long after graduation.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在孩子的大学入学竞争中，父母才是真正的斗士。事实上，为了孩子的发展，我们也应该重视一些其他的方面，名牌大学并不是成功的通行证。‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“It's true getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown.”可知高中毕业生数量的增加使得进入大学变得越来越困难。由此判断选项C正确。故选C。‎ ‎3．D　句意理解题。此句表达的意思是：孩子比他们的大学重要。根据下文的描述“Getting into college isn't life's only competition. In the next competition, the results may change.(进入大学并不是生活的唯一竞争，在下一场竞争中，结果可能就不一样了。)”可知这里的意思是孩子的能力比大学背景更重要，故选D。‎ ‎4．B　推理判断题。根据Alan Krueger的研究“High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didn't.”可知研究生入学考试的高分帮助进入博士课程，但是名牌大学的学位不行。言下之意，名牌大学的学位并不能保证进入研究生项目。故选B。‎ ‎8. [2017·内蒙古赤峰二中高三第三次模拟]‎ It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence. There are some other important ways we shape our kids—particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words. For example, we can say to a child “Don't run into traffic！” or “Stay on the footpath close to me.” In using the latter, you will be helping your kids to think and act positively, and to feel competent in a wide range of situations, because they know what to do, and aren't scaring themselves about what not to do.‎ Why does such a small thing make a difference? It is all in the way the human mind works.When we think, we automatically rehearse. For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it. When a child is told “Don't fall off the tree，” he will think of two things: “don't” and “fall off the tree”．That is, he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind. A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off. So it is far better to use “Hold on to the tree carefully.”‎ Clear, positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things. Kids do not always know how to be safe, or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words. So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam, hold on firm to the side of the boat” is much more useful than “Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？” or worse still “How do you think I'll feel if you drown？” The changes are small but difference is obvious.‎ Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words, so it pays to be positive.‎ ‎1. Positive choice of words helps kids to________．‎ A．do things carefully B．build up their confidence C．improve their imagination D．learn in different situation ‎2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?‎ A．A child will act on what is instructed.‎ B．One can't help imagining what is heard.‎ C．A child will fall off the tree when told not to.‎ D．One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.‎ ‎3. Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?‎ A．Fasten your seat belt.‎ B．Don't play by the lake.‎ C．How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?‎ D．Don't you dare to walk through the red light.‎ ‎4. The main idea of the passage is that________．‎ A．praise makes kids confident B．right instructions keep kids safe C．clear commands make kids different D．choice of words can make a difference ‎【文章大意】 本文主要是告诉人们如何去教育孩子。要给孩子提供积极正面的指导，而不是负面消极的各种“不准”或“不要”。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段“It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence. There are some other important ways we shape our kids—particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.”可知积极正面的话语会让孩子们树立信心。‎ ‎2．B　推理判断题。根据第二段“When we think, we automatically rehearse. For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it.”可知，越让不要去想人们越禁不住会去想，故选B。‎ ‎3．A　推理判断题。根据文章描述，应用积极正面的指导来帮助孩子，故选A。后面三个选项都是负面的。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。文章主要是告诉人们要给孩子提供积极正面的指导，而不是负面消极的各种“不准”“不要”。差别很小的话语最后作用差得很大。故选D。‎ ‎9. [2017 ·安徽省“皖南八校”高三第二次联考]‎ ‎ The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded for a novel written by a writer from the ‎ Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland and it aims to represent the very best in contemporary fiction. The prize was originally called the BookerMcConnell Prize, which was the name of the company that sponsored it, though it was betterknown as simply the “Booker Prize”．In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping “Booker”．‎ ‎ Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted that they think should be included. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize and selects the people who will judge the books.The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.‎ ‎ Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender (性别) and professions within the industry, so that a writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a wellknown person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been decided, they are left to make their own decisions. Meanwhile, the prize sponsor has no further right to take part in any more.‎ ‎ The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics to maintain the consistent quality of the prize and its influence is such that the winner will almost certainly see the sales increase considerably, in addition to the ￡ 10，000 that comes with the prize.‎ ‎1. Who can submit books to the prize?‎ A．Judges. B．Writers. C．Readers. D．Sponsors.‎ ‎2. Why is the prize named the Man Booker Prize?‎ A．Because the prize is given to writers from the Commonwealth.‎ B．Because the prize was known as simply the “Booker Prize”．‎ C．Because the prize is sponsored by the Man Group and they kept the name.‎ D．Because the prize is aimed to award the very best contemporary fiction.‎ ‎3. Which task can be done by the Advisory Committee?‎ A．Changing the rules for the prize on their own.‎ B．Selecting the judging committee.‎ C．Making decisions on who is the winner.‎ D．Submitting books for consideration for the prize.‎ ‎4. The consistent quality of the prizes is guaranteed by ________．‎ A．the prize money ‎ B．the gender of the judges C．the makeup of the panel of judges ‎ D．the increase in sales of the winner ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英语小说界最重要的奖项之一——布克奖的一些信息，包括它的起源、评选和影响等。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted that they think should be included.”可知除了出版商，评审员也可以向该奖项提交书名。故选A。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“…the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize and selects the people who will judge the books.”可知顾问委员会可以选择评审书单的人员，故选B。‎ ‎4．C　细节理解题。根据“The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.”和 “Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender (性别) and professions within the industry, so that a writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a wellknown person from wider society.”以及最后一段可知，布克奖始终如一的公信力和权威性，指的是除评审员之外，还有全体陪审员，且是每年更换的。故答案为C。‎ ‎10. 【东北师范大学附属中学2017届高三下学期第三次模拟】C A bookseller in Chongqing has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters(上下班往返的人)to read, after seeing British actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.‎ Author and bookstore owner Jiang Lin, 29, randomly placed 40 works along the city’s light-rail system on Sunday. Whoever finds a book can read it in public or take it home, but they are encouraged to leave it again on public transportation once they have finished with it. Jiang said, “I ‎ considered the needs of commuters," he said. "I hope strangers can feel comforted by the books and feel connected with other readers."‎ All 40 books were chosen from Jiang’s store, Razor’s Edge Book Club, which he opened in the summer, and included fiction and nonfiction, with topics ranging from art and social sciences to philosophy and history Jiang’s Books on the Chongqing Light Rail project follows the same model as Books on the Underground, which was started in 2012 and sees “book fairies” leave works on London Tube trains and at stations. Readers are encouraged to share their views on the books. It was revealed on Nov. 1 that Watson, who is best-known for the Harry Potter movie series, is a book fairy.‎ ‎“After I read the news about her leaving books on the London Tube, I was so inspired that I immediately decided to do something over the weekend,” Jiang said. However, his decision was so spontaneous that he had no time to make the stickers that are usually placed on each book to identify them as part of the project . Instead, he put a note on the fly page to introduce the concept.‎ To his surprise, one of his friends was among those who found his books and posted a picture on WeChat Moments, a social media function on the instant-messaging app. Jiang said more than 20 people have since come onboard and are now working on a more detailed than to spread the love of reading. Although increasing numbers of people read on digital devices, books have not totally gone out of fashion. Jiang mentioned that they needed the support from Chonqing Light Rail Co. to ensure the books to stay there and also hoped the project could be welcomed across the country.‎ ‎8.Jiang Lin left books on trains or at stations in order to ______.‎ A. raise money for poor readers B. open a new bookstore C. help sell more books D. advocate reading books ‎9.Jiang got inspired to start the project by _________.‎ A. Harry Porter B. Wechat moments C. Emma Watson D. Razor’s Edge Book Club ‎10. The underlined word “spontaneous” is closest in meaning to __________.‎ A. unplanned B. unwise C. firm D. thoughtful ‎11. Jiang’s attitude towards the future of the project can be best described as___________.‎ A. positive B. doubtful C. reserved D. worried ‎【解析】重庆的一个书商在地铁上丢了40本书，希望能够激励人们多读书。‎ ‎8.细节理解题。根据第一段中的A bookseller in Chongqing has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters(上下班往返的人)to read可知，他把书放在地铁和车站是为了激励更多的人读书，故选D。‎ ‎9.细节理解题。根据第一段中的after seeing British actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.可知，他是看到Emma Watson参加了一个类似的项目后才决定这样做的，故选C。‎ ‎10.词义猜测题。根据下文的he had no time to make the stickers可知，他没有经过仔细的筹备，故选A。‎ ‎11.观点态度题。根据最后一句Jiang mentioned that they needed the support from Chonqing Light Rail Co. to ensure the books to stay there and also hoped the project could be welcomed across the country.可知，他希望这个项目在全国都能受到欢迎，所以他的态度是很积极的，故选A。‎ ‎11. 【湖北省黄冈中学2017年高三5月第三次模拟】B ‎ “A room without books is like a body without a soul,” observed the Roman philosopher, Cicero. It can also be a sign of financial problems to come. New research has uncovered a strong connection between the earning of adults and whether they grew up surrounded by books as children.‎ Three economists at the University of Padua—Giorgio Brunello, Guglielmo Weber and Christoph Weiss—studied 6000 men born in nine European countries and concluded that children with access to books could expect to earn more money than those who grew up with few or no books.‎ They studied the period from 1920 to 1956, when school reforms saw the minimum school leaving age raised across Europe. They booked at whether, at the age of 10, a child lived in a house with fewer than 10 books, a shelf of books, a bookcase with up to 100 books, two bookcases, or more than two bookcases.‎ Over the period studied, the research, published in The Economic Journal, found that an additional year of education increased a man’s average lifetime earnings by 9%. Men brought up in houses with less than a shelf of books earned only 5% more as a result of the extra year’s education, compared with 21% more for those who had access to a lot of books. And those who had ‎ access to books were more likely to move to the better-earning opportunities in cities than those without books. The men’s first job was also much more likely to be a white-collar job.‎ The economists offer a number of theories for the results. “Perhaps books matter because they encourage children to read more and reading can have positive effects on school performance,” they said.‎ The number of books in children’s homes can effectively predict their cognitive(认知的) test scores. This may indicate a home that encourages cognitive skills, which are important for economic success in life.‎ ‎5.Why did author mention Cicero’s words in the first paragraph?‎ A. To make an argument.‎ B. To introduce the topic.‎ C. To express his own views.‎ D. To arouse readers’ interest.‎ ‎6.What can we learn about the people studied by the researchers?‎ A. They were tracked by researchers since age 10.‎ B. They all left school because of school reforms.‎ C. They came from several different countries.‎ D. They are now white-collar professionals.‎ ‎7.How does the author show the results of the research?‎ A. By listing numbers.‎ B. By providing examples.‎ C. By following the order of time.‎ D. By following the order of importance.‎ ‎8.What is the main conclusion to the research?‎ A. Homes without books are vulnerable（脆弱）to financial problems.‎ B. Families that can afford books raise successful children.‎ C. Boy who love reading books earn more than girls.‎ D. Children who live with books earn more as adults.‎ ‎【答案】5.B6.C7.A8.D ‎【解析】本文属于议论文，首先用Cicero的话引出所要论述的话题：人们的收入与他们孩童时期所看书的多少之间的关系，接着用一项研究作为论据证实了两者之间是存在一定关系的，最后做出总结：孩童时期所看书的数量可以有效预知他们的认知考试分数，而这对于他们以后的收入是很重要的。‎ ‎6.细节理解题。根据第二段“studied 6000 men born in nine European countries（研究了6000个来自九个欧洲国家的人）可知，研究者调查的人来自于不同的国家，故选C。‎ ‎7.细节理解题。通过阅读全文可知，文章的第四段是研究的结果，结果陈述中出现了多组数字，所以可推断作者是通过列数字的方式来向我们展示研究结果的，故选A。‎ ‎8.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The number of books in children’s homes can effectively predict their cognitive(认知的)test scores. This may indicate a home that encourages cognitive skills, which are important for economic success in life.（孩子们家中书的数量能有效预测他们的认知考试分数，也许在书多的家庭中的孩子可以提高认知能力，这对于孩子未来的收入是很重要的。），由此可知研究得出的主要结论是：在孩童时期读的书越多，长大以后赚的钱就会越多，故选D。‎ ‎12【湖北省沙市中学2017届高考冲刺第九次考试】B It is good to get in touch with your inner child from time to time，and obviously some people are willing to pay big money for the chance to do so in a proper environment．A Brooklyn-based adult preschool is charging customers between $333 and $999 for the chance to act like a kid again．‎ ‎    At Preschool Mastermind in New York adults get to participate in show—and—tell，arts—and—crafts such as finger paint，games like musical chairs and even take naps．The month-long course also has class picture day where the adults are expected to have a field trip and a parent day．‎ ‎    30-year-old Michelle Joni Lapidos，the brain behind the adult preschool，studied childhood education and has always wanted to be a preschool teacher．She’s always on the lookout for new ways to get people in touch with the freedom of childhood．A friend encouraged her to start the mastermind course instead．‎ ‎    According to Candice，her blogger friend，Preschool Mastermind gives adults a chance to relearn and master the things that they failed to understand as children．“I realized all ‎ the significances of what we learn in preschool，”said founder Michelle Joni，“People come here and get in touch with their inner child．It’s magical．We are bringing ourselves back to another place，another time with ourselves when we are more believing in ourselves，more confident and ready to take on the world．”‎ ‎    “One person’s here because they want to learn not to be so serious．”Michelle said．“Another's here to learn to be more confident．”She explained that most of the classes were planned．However，Joni added that while the planned activities were fun，it was often the spontaneous(自发的)moments that attracted students．“It’s the things you don’t plan for，the sharing between friends and learning from each other．’’‎ ‎4.What is the purpose of Preschool Mastermind?‎ A. To give adults a chance to return to childhood.‎ B. To help parents understand their children better.‎ C. To provide practical training courses for teachers.‎ D. To introduce some ways of playing with children.‎ ‎5.What is mainly discussed about Preschool Mastermind in Paragraph 2 ?‎ A. Its customers.‎ B. Its activities.‎ C. Its environment.‎ D. Its schedule ‎6.According to Candice，people come to this program to________.‎ A. enjoy freedom of thinking B. realize their childhood dreams C. discover their inner abilities D. figure out childhood puzzles ‎7.What do we know about Michelle Joni?‎ A. She used to be a preschool teacher.‎ B. She likes to make plans in advance.‎ C. She founded Preschool Mastermind.‎ D. She gained confidence by sharing.‎ ‎【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C ‎【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了一种给成年人重回童年，重新学习解决童年时疑惑的学校。涉及了创建目的、具体活动及人们的收获。‎ ‎4.A推理判断题。根据第一段for the chance to act like a kid again和第四段Preschool Mastermind gives adults a chance to relearn and master the things that they failed to understand as children．可知Preschool Mastermind的目的是给成年人重回童年一次机会，重新学习和掌握一些东西，故选A.‎ ‎5.B推理判断题。根据第二段的show-and-tell，arts-and-crafts such as finger paint，games like musical chairs and even take naps.和class picture day等内容可知本段介绍的是学校的具体活动，故选B.‎ ‎6.D推理判断题。根据第四段According to Candice，her blogger friend，Preschool Mastermind gives adults a chance to relearn and master the things that they failed to understand as children．可知成年人来这里是为了重新学习和解决童年时的疑惑，故选D.‎ ‎7.C细节推理题。根据第四段“I realized all the significances of what we learn in preschool，”said founder Michelle Joni可知Michelle Joni是Preschool Mastermind的创建者，故选C.‎ 考点：考查广告类短文阅读。‎ ‎13. 【湖北省沙市中学2017届高考冲刺第九次考试】D Traffic problems are an everyday concern in many cities，including Washington，DC．A growing number of Washingtonians are turning to bicycles to get to and from work．In fact，the number of commuters who use bicycles has doubled in the city since 2007．‎ Ralph Buehler teaches urban planning at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University，popularly known as Virginia Tech．He has written a book about urban biking，calledCity Cyclin . g．He says there is a reason why urban bike tiding is now becoming more popular．‎ ‎“Over the last 60 to 70 years，cities in America have adapted to the automobile．”‎ ‎“Most cities took advantage of the money coming for the interstate highway system，from the federal government，  starting in 1956．There was a 90 percent federal match(补贴)so the cities only had to put up 10％．It was very tempting．”‎ In the years after World War Two，many Americans moved to suburban communities，just outside major cities．They decided to travel great distances to and from work in exchange for a home in the suburbs．Their cars became a symbol of freedom．‎ But today，many people believe they can save money by living in the city．‎ Greg Billing is with the Washington Area Bicyclist Association．“When a person makes a change from using a car to using a bike，he／she is saving anywhere between 8 or $9，000 a year．”‎ Ralph Buehler says governments save money when people use bicycles．“Building bicycling facilities is much cheaper than building and maintaining road facilities or public transport．”‎ Washington，DC has also taken steps to protect bike riders．It approved a safe passing law and created areas on the road between cars and bikes．‎ The United States Census Bureau says 4％of the city’s workers ride to work by bike．The only city on the East Coast with more bike commuters is New York．‎ ‎12.What does the writer mainly talk about in this passage?‎ A. Bicycling to work in Washington, DC grows in popularity B. Bikes lead to new problems in Washington，DC C. Washington，DC has taken steps to protect bike riders D. People in Washington，DC prefers cars to bicycles ‎13.What can we know from Ralph Buehler’s statement?‎ A. A lot has been invested to build bicycling facilities in cities．‎ B. The federal government supported building public transport．‎ C. Cities didn’t use the money from the government wisely．‎ D. Urban biking has been popular in the last 60 to 70 years．‎ ‎14.In the years after World War Two，many Americans prefer to____．‎ A. go to and from work by bike B. live out of the major cities C. travel long distances a lot D. rent houses rather than buy ones ‎15.What do Ralph Buehler and Greg Billing agree with?‎ A. Public transport develop too rapidly recent years．‎ B. Government should build more bicycle facilities．‎ C. The cost of living in cities is lower than in the country．‎ D. More people using bicycles can save money．‎ ‎【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D ‎【解析】本文谈论的是骑自行车上班在华盛顿特区越来越受欢迎。‎ ‎13.Ｂ推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Ralph Buehler says governments save money when people use bicycles．“Building bicycling facilities is much cheaper than building and maintaining road facilities or public transport．”可知联邦政府支持建造公共交通工具。根据句意可知选Ｂ。‎ ‎14.Ｂ细节理解题。根据第五段第一句In the years after World War Two，many Americans moved to suburban communities，just outside major cities．可知二战之后很多美国人移到郊区，远离市区。故选B。‎ ‎15.Ｄ推理判断题。纵观全文，特别是Greg Billing is with the Washington Area Bicyclist Association．“When a person makes a change from using a car to using a bike，he／she is saving anywhere between 8 or $9，000 a year．”Ralph Buehler says governments save money when people use bicycles．可知一直同意更多的人使用自行车可以省钱。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎14. 【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2017届高三5月押题】D Recently, online hike-sharing has become the new favorite in China. In major cities, bikes in, yellow, orange, blue, white and green, can be seen almost everywhere on the street. It seems that these bikes appeared suddenly, adding a new beautiful scenery to Chinese cities.‎ Both the market and the public welcome online bike-sharing, but is it really a promising business? Well, it depends. After all, online bike-sharing platforms can never get away with huge operating cost and uncertain government policy.‎ Some theorists might say that online bike-sharing platforms can earn a fortune simply through deposit. Since users will always need to rent bikes, their deposit will always be kept to online bike-sharing platforms.‎ However，although online bike-sharing platforms may be able to use the deposit for other purposes at the primary stage, they will have to set up a special account, so that the deposit shall be used specially for its designated (指定的) purpose. As the market gets increasingly mature, they will have to do so whether to be responsible for users or in consideration of possible government regulations.‎ Now that online hike-sharing platforms can，t make profit through deposit，how can they become profitable as fiercer market unfolds? Although Hu Weiwei, CEO of Mobike, stated in an article ‎ that she would take Mobike as charitable(慈善的) project if she failed, running a startup is absolutely different from managing a charity organization. After all , she has to pay back investors’ billions of investment(投资).‎ To make profit, online bike-sharing platforms might have toincrease rent fee for each trip, just as Didi did From this aspect, it might be a really good business. If we consider full screen ads fee, recommendation fee for business owners, etc. , its annual income might reach at least RMB 15 billion. If we consider the huge operation cost, including bike repairs，bikes’ service life and labor cost, there might not be much net profit left. After all, offline operation cost has always been an unbearable burden for such internet plus mode-based startups.‎ ‎12.How does the author feel about the future of online bike-sharing platforms?‎ A. Optimistic.‎ B. Doubtful.‎ C. Hopeful.‎ D. Secure.‎ ‎13.How do some theorists think online bike-sharing platforms can make money?‎ A. Through advertisements.‎ B. Through services.‎ C. Through deposit.‎ D. Through investment.‎ ‎14.How should deposit be dealt with when the market is mature according to the author?‎ A. Used for other purposes.‎ B. Kept in a special account.‎ C. Used for charity.‎ D. Left aside to the users.‎ ‎15.What does the underlined word “unfolds” mean in the passage?‎ A. Shrinks.‎ B. Spreads.‎ C. Shows.‎ D. Develops.‎ ‎【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D ‎【解析】该篇阅读为一篇说明文题材的的文章，文章主要讲述了时下中国较为流行的一种交通出行方式——共享单车。文章的第一部分主要介绍了共享单车给人们生活带来的便利，以及其广阔的市场前景，紧接着文章介绍了共享单车的运营方式以及盈利模式，在下面的部分当中文章又介绍了共享单车所存在的优势和劣势，并且分析了当前共享单车发展的现状。‎ ‎12.观点态度题，根据本题题目“ How does the author feel about the future of online bike-sharing platforms?”对于共享单车这一平台的未来，作者有怎样的感觉？分析该题选项A optimistic 乐观的  B doubtful 表示怀疑的  C hopeful 充满希望的  D secure坚定的 ‎ 通过该题题目的内容可以将答案定位到文章的第二段“Well, it depends. After all, online bike-sharing platforms can never get away with huge operating cost and uncertain government policy.”从uncertain这一词可以看出共享单车的未来存在着很多的不确定性，故该题选择D项doubtful表示怀疑的。‎ ‎13.细节理解题，根据该题题目“理论家们是怎样认为共享单车这一平台有利可图？”因而我们可以将答案定位到文章第三段的Some theorists might say that online bike-sharing platforms can earn a fortune simply through deposit.所以我们可以得出选择C项。‎ ‎14.细节理解题，本题意为“当市场成熟之时，共享单车平台会如何处理这些储蓄呢？”根据题目我们可以将答案定位到文章的第四段“However，although online bike-sharing platforms may be able to use the deposit for other purposes at the primary stage, they will have to set up a special account, so that the deposit shall be used specially for its designated (指定的) purpose. ”故该题选择B项。‎ ‎15.词义推理题，“unfold”开展，  shrink缩水， spread传播，develop 发展，文章中“how can they become profitable as fiercer market unfolds?”该句意为随着市场发展的日益激烈，他们该如何做才可以有利可图?结合该句话的意思可以判断出该题当选择develop 发展 最符合题意，故选D项。‎ ‎15. 【河北省衡水中学2017届高三下学期仿真模拟（五）】C You know the saying "You're as young as you feel." Well, there may be some truth t, according to that, according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.‎ Ellen Langer, a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body, and colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person’s perception of their age might influence their health. They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.‎ In one study that Langer led, 47 women had their hair done. The women who thought their new hairdos made them look younger did look younger to objective observers, who were shown before-and-after pictures. The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure. Another study involving 4,421 men found that thise who became bald(秃顶)at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not. Similarly, another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease. “We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outcomes,” the researchers wrote.‎ The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early, which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly, people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners, according to other studies.‎ Taken together, the research “supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假说)that when a younger mind is prepared, a younger body can accompany it.” While the mechanism remains unclear, the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can “make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.”‎ ‎8.The underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means         .‎ A. view B. appearance C. influence D. creation ‎9.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. Blood pressure is highly related to hairdos.‎ B. Feeling older than real age may be tied to health problems.‎ C. Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.‎ D. The women who love hairdos look younger than those don’t.‎ ‎10.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that       .‎ A. a younger mother is more likely to live longer B. the younger one of a couple lives much longer C. often staying with younger people can benefit people’s health D. people who want to live longer need to marry young ‎11.The passage mainly tells us that        .‎ A. Getting bald too early is not good to marry young B. Women had better give birth later in their life C. Feeling younger to a couple is very important to their health D. People’s feeling of their age may have an effect on their own health ‎【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D ‎【解析】本文告诉人们对自己年龄的感觉可能对自己的健康有影响，经常和年轻人呆在一起能有益于人们的健康。‎ ‎9.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outcomes,”可知感觉比实际年龄老可能与健康问题有关。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎10.C 推理判断题。根据第四段The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early, which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly, people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners, according to other studies.可知经常和年轻人呆在一起能有益于人们的健康。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎11.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句You know the saying "You're as young as you feel." Well, there may be some truth；根据最后一段the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can “make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.”可知本文告诉人们对自己年龄的感觉可能对自己的健康有影响。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎16. 【河北省衡水中学2017届高三下学期二模】B We can have conflicts with our important persons like friends, relatives, workmates, etc. But the conflict doesn't necessarily mean that the relationship will be destroyed. In fact,‎ ‎ sometimes conflict helps people to let out their silent feelings, allowing them to free their suppressed emotions. However, when in a conflict, we usually get angry and say or do things which aren't linked to the problem at hand. Therefore, it is important that we should try to avoid conflicts through effective communication.‎ In a heated argument, we usually say things that aren't related to the real problem, and even use rude words to make sure we gain an advantage over the other persons. Then the whole situation goes badly. So we should not separate(隔离) the root cause of the problem and build our discussion around it. This ensures that there are no rude remarks and the situation moves in a positive direction.‎ It's easy for us to think we're right and if something isn't working out, it surely must be someone else's fault. However, if you aim to solve a conflict, first of all, you should show some respect and allow the other persons to express themselves. Using remarks like, "I understand your concern on this "or "I know you're right at your end", would make the other persons feel more appreciated.‎ Sometimes some people get too excited and may behave in the wrong way or say something others may not appreciate. This can cause a worse situation. Actually, they should control their emotions and keep calm. This has to be learned through self-control and observing behavior of other people.‎ The tips mentioned above are useful for most situations. However, we don't rule out the possibility that there are some people who always want to create some sort of trouble for others. You can tell them from others, and putting in an effort to resolve a conflict with them may just not be a wise idea. The best way to deal with these people is to forget them. A famous saying can help you and that is: "You should never fight with a pig; you both get dirty and only the pig likes it."‎ ‎5.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?‎ A. Conflicts may help us deal with our emotions.‎ B. Conflicts can improve our relations with others greatly.‎ C. Effective communication can help us avoid conflicts undoubtedly.‎ D. The closer two friends are, the more conflicts are between them.‎ ‎6.When making discussions to solve conflicts, we should ________.‎ A. know others' personal quality B. know others' ability of expression C. avoid showing our disadvantages D. center on the root cause of the problem ‎7.The author suggests that when people get too excited, they should ________.‎ A. behave like other people B. control the situation C. learn to keep their head D. say something unconcerned ‎8.In the author's opinion, how should you deal with those who always want to create trouble for you?‎ A. Fight with them.‎ B. Ignore them.‎ C. Have a talk with them.‎ D. Give them something they like.‎ ‎【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.B ‎【解析】日常生活中，我们会与各种各样的人发生冲突，即使是最重要的人。文章介绍通过有效的交流来避免冲突的几个技巧。‎ ‎5.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容In fact, sometimes conflict helps people to let out their silent feelings, allowing them to free their suppressed emotions.(事实上，有时候冲突能帮助人们释放他们无声的情感，允许他们释放他们压抑的情感。)可推知，A项“冲突或许能帮助我们处理情感”正确，故选A。‎ ‎6.细节理解题。根据第二段内容So we should not separate(隔离) the root cause of the problem…This ensures that there are no rude remarks and the situation moves in a positive direction.(我们不应该隔离问题的根源……这样会确保没有粗鲁的评论，情势向积极的方向发展。)可知，在讨论中，我们应该关注问题的根源。故选D。‎ ‎7.细节理解题。根据第四段内容Actually, they should control their emotions and keep calm.（事实上，他们应该控制他们的情感，保持镇静。）可知，作者认为当人们激动时，他们应该控制情感。故选C。‎ ‎8.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容关于应对那些想制造麻烦的人的办法The best way to deal with these ‎ people is to forget them.（对付那些想制造麻烦的人的最好办法就是忘记他们。）可知，选B。‎ ‎17. 【广东省惠州2018届高三第一次调研】C The popular TV program Readers has prompted more people in China to practice reading aloud in booths(亭)set up in big cities across the country．‎ As the latest TV show to help people’s love for literature recover，CCTV program Readers invites people from all walks of life to read aloud their favorite poems，essays and books，or even personal letters they wrote to their loved ones．Just as the weekly show has been well-received，its reading booths，equipped with professional recording devices and cameras，have become instant hits．‎ A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4 -- the first day of the booth’s opening to the public in Shanghai．The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5:30 pm，as the number of waiting readers continued to grow．Some waited more than nine hours for a try-out in the booth, according to library management．‎ ‎“There is an old photo in the late 1970s capturing people lining up outside the Shanghai Library before it opens．If that was a spring of reading in Shanghai，now I think another spring has arrived again，”library manager Zhou Deming，told the Shanghai-based The Paper．‎ The reading booth is the only one of its kind in the city of economic center at the moment，but more are expected to be put into use in the coming months，according to the library’s website．‎ The Readers program has also led to booths in other cities including Beijing，Hangzhou，Guangzhou and Xi’an to appeal to more people to read and share their life stories．‎ With the recent boom of culture-themed TV shows such as Readers and Chinese Poetry Competition，some are optimistic that this will help the country love literature and reading again in general．‎ ‎9.CCTV program Readers aims to_______________.‎ A. teach people what to read B. attract people’s attention to CCTV C. invite people to read aloud in the booth D. arouse people’s flesh enthusiasm for reading ‎10.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that_______________.‎ A. Some people waited for a long time to read in the booth B. March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai Library C. On March 4,200 people read in the booth D. The time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours ‎11.The passage mainly tells US that_______________.‎ A. Many people line up to read aloud in reading booths B. More reading booths will be set up in the future C. Readers has become popular all over China D. Readers has inspired more people to read aloud in reading booths ‎【答案】9.D10.A11.D ‎【解析】随着CCTV的“朗读者”节目受到人们的欢迎，全国范围开始刮起了“读书风”。各大城市纷纷建立起了阅读亭，人们阅读的兴趣也越来越高。‎ ‎11.主旨大意题。通读文章可知本文主要讲随着电视节目“朗读者”的受欢迎，阅读亭也悄然而生，人们的阅读兴趣被极大的激发。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题是英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。它的的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。‎ ‎（1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。‎ ‎（2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要同学们寻找文章中的多个细节。需要注意的是分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。本篇阅读的第二题We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ____就属于细节理解题。它属于分散型的细节理解题，四个选项都出自第三段的细节。第三段中的细节Some waited more than nine hours for ‎ a try-out in the booth,according to library management.说明A选项Some people waited for a long time to read in the booth正确。B选项March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai Library的相关细节在文中March 4 – the first day of the booth's opening to the public in Shanghai这一句中，但原文表达的意思是“三月四号是上海的阅读亭对公众开放的第一天”，而不是上海图书馆开放的第一天，所以B选项错误。C选项On March 4,200 people read in the booth的相关细节在文章A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4这一句中，但原文中的more than说明C选项错误。D选项The time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours的相关细节在文章The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5:30 pm这一句中。但分析原文细节可知登记的截止时间从计划中的五点半提前到两点，并不是延长三个半小时。和D选项表达的意思相反。‎ ‎18. 【福建省漳州市2017届高三5月质量检查】C How do you pay for things in a shop? Perhaps you like the touchable reliability of hard cash? Maybe the financial flexibility of a credit card suits you better? Or perhaps you prefer the simple convenience of a smartphone?‎ Whatever you use today, experts believe all these methods could soon become outdated. Instead, we will use our bodies: our eyes, our fingerprints, even our mere presence in the store. In fact it's happening already. Amazon are trialing stores which have no checkouts, where  technology tracks the items you've taken from the shelves and deducts（扣除） the total from your  account when you leave the shop.‎ French supermarket Monoprix takes a different path: you choose your groceries and leave them with a human cashier. You then leave the shop while the cashier adds up your bill,  charges your account, and organizes delivery to your home.‎ Amir, CEO of Barclaycard predicts that such new developments mean the end of the plastic credit card. Instead, wearable items such as rings, necklaces and key chains will carry chips（芯片） that allow shoppers to shop, going between the web, an app or in store.‎ And while all the above payment methods are supported by accounts held in traditional currencies, let's not forget the rise of alternatives such as Litecoin. Virtual（虚拟）‎ ‎ currencies can rise in value very quickly. One such possibility is explored in the movie In Time. It imagines a futuristic society in which the currency is time itself, where people trade the amount of time they have left to live.‎ Or perhaps we'd do better to wind back the clock to the simpler financial world of the equal exchange economy. While the term recalls images of bags of grain and herds of sheep being exchanged in ancient times, there are signs that are making a comeback in today's world of modern technology. Maybe the only thing we know for certain is that money will keep updating.‎ ‎8.Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Payment is done by the cashiers at Amazon.‎ B. All the methods of payment have become outdated.‎ C. Shopping at Monoprix is convenient for customers.‎ D. Customers can leave their credit cards at Monoprix.‎ ‎9.What might replace the credit cards in the future according to Amir?‎ A. Smartphones.‎ B. Wearable items.‎ C. Virtual currencies.‎ D. Fingerprints.‎ ‎10.What is used as a currency in the movie In Time?‎ A. Litecoin.‎ B. Human life.‎ C. Time.‎ D. Bags of grain.‎ ‎11.Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Rise of Virtual Currencies.‎ B. The History of Money.‎ C. The Ending if Credit Cards.‎ D. The Changing Nature of Money.‎ ‎【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.D ‎【解析】本文通过介绍几家比较大的零售店的货币付款方式来讲述了付款方式的不断变化，并说明了一个道理：货币会不断更新下去。‎ ‎8.推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知：你把选好的货物留给收银员，然后你就可以走了，收银员算好账直接从你的账户扣钱，然后他们会直接把你的东西快递到你家，所以这对顾客来说非常方便，故选C。‎ ‎9.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段wearable items such as rings, necklaces and key chains will carry chips（芯片） that allow shoppers to shop, going between the web, an app or in store.可知今后一些可穿戴的东西，如项链、戒指等将会携带芯片来给购物者付款，故答案为B。‎ ‎10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段One such possibility is explored in the movie In Time. It imagines a futuristic society in which the currency is time itself, where people trade the amount of time they have left to live.可知在电影In Time中，描述的是一个未来的社会，货币就是时间，故答案为C。‎ ‎11.标题判断题。本文从第一段开始就介绍了不同的货币付款方式，然后又分别介绍了几个大的零售公司的货币结算方式的不同，最后进行了总结，货币是在不断变化 、不断更新，这样才会适应不断发展的社会，故选D。‎ ‎19. 【云南省师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期高考适应性考试】C A technology company is developing a lie detector app for smartphones that could be used by parents, teachers—and even Internet daters.‎ The app measures blood flow in the face to assess whether or not you are telling the truth. Its developers say that it could be used for daters wanting to see if somebody really is interested in them. Parents could use it on their children to see if they are lying and teachers could work out which of their pupils are honest.‎ The app is being developed by Toronto startup NuraLogix and the software is called Transdermal Optical Imaging. The idea is that different human emotions create different facial blood flow patterns that we have no control over. These patterns change if we are telling the truth or telling a lie.‎ Using the footage(拍摄的片段) from the smartphone camera, the software will see the changes in skin colors and compare them to standardized results. A study found last year found that anger was associated with more blood flow and redness while sadness was associated with less of both.‎ Developmental neuroscientist(神经病学家)Kang Lee, who has been researching the field for 20 years, said, “It could be very useful, for example, for teachers. A lot of our students have math anxiety but they do not want to tell us, because that’s embarrassing.” Lee added that the technology would not replace lie detectors used in a court of law. He said: “They want the accuracy to be extremely high, like genetic tests, so a one-in-a-million error rate. Our technique won’t be able to achieve an extremely high accuracy level, so because of that I don’t think it’s useful for the courts.” He added that it will be a few years before the app is available to consumers.‎ ‎9.How does the app work to identify whether the person is lying or not?‎ A. By controlling the blood flow patterns in our face when people are speaking B. By measuring blood flow patterns and comparing changes in skin colors C. By taking footage to replace lie detectors used in a court of law D. By creating different facial blood flow patterns people needed ‎10.Why Transdermal Optical Imaging cannot be applied in courts at present?‎ A. It is too complicated to standardize results in courts B. It hasn’t reached the required accuracy yet C. Genetic tests are enough for situations like this D. Its use is forbidden by law ‎11.What can be inferred from Kang Lee’s remarks in the last paragraph?‎ A. Students with math anxiety rarely ashamed of themselves B. Lie detectors and Transdermal Optical Imaging are of the same function C. The result of genetic tests is far more accurate than that of Transdermal Optical Imaging D. Consumers will be able to download the app in the near future ‎【答案】9.B10.B11.C ‎【解析】本文介绍一家科技公司正在研发一款面向智能手机用户的测谎软件，家长、教师甚至线上约会者都可以使用这款软件。但是它还没有达到所要求的精度，所以目前还不能被应用。‎ ‎11.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中They want the accuracy to be extremely high, like genetic tests, so a one-in-a-million error rate. Our technique won’t be able to achieve an extremely high accuracy level,可知基因测试的结果远比经运算更精确。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎20. 【云南省师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期高考适应性考试】D Now that so much data is stored and circulated electronically, a library might seem to be a slightly outdated concept. However, a huge proportion of the world’s information and learning is still not available electronically, so libraries retain their importance for research and study.‎ ‎ It is should also be remembered that libraries store books, inscriptions(铭文), and documents that are beautiful, and valuable not just for their contents, but also for their historic and artistic significance.‎ British Library (United Kingdom, London)‎ The British Library was created by Act of Parliament in 1972. Previously, the library had been part of the British Museum, where the famous circular reading room had accommodated researchers including Karl Marx, who worked on Das Kapital there, as well as Oscar Wilde and Mohandas Gandhi. The British Library is now housed in a new building in St. Pancras, London, where its treasures include two Gutenberg Bibles, the Lindisfarne Gospels, and one of Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks.‎ Library of Congress(United States, Washington, D. C)‎ Founded in 1800 with the private collection of Thomas Jefferson, the Library of Congress is in fact the USA’s National Library, although only Congress members and employees can borrow books. It receives two copies of everything published in the United States. The Library of Congress was burned by the British Army in 1812, and severely damaged by fire again in 1851. The collection includes many rare books and drawings, and two Stradivarius violins.‎ National Library of China(Beijing)‎ Holding over 30 million books and documents, and visited by over five million people every year, this is the largest collection of Chinese writing in the world, and the largest library is Asia. It includes Chinese inscriptions on bone, stone, and tortoise shell which date back as far as the sixteenth century BC, and some of the oldest printed documents in existence as well as items in foreign languages and many rare books.‎ ‎12.Despite the current electronic world, libraries are of importance because ________.‎ A. they are historically and artistically significant B. they play an important role in preserving written accounts C. they have available places for readers to rest D. they are as convenient as electronic resources ‎13.Which of the following statements on British Library is TRUE?‎ A. The library has the most famous circular reading room in the world B. Both Karl Marx and Oscar Wilde worked and lived in British Library C. British Museum was once in charge of the British Library D. All of Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks are kept there ‎14.Library of Congress differs from other two libraries in the fact that ________.‎ A. not all people are allowed to borrow books B. its collection includes many rare written works C. it was created by the British Army in 1812‎ D. Thomas Jefferson has nothing to do with its foundation ‎15.In National Library of China, you are able to ___________.‎ A. find copies of everything published in the US B. read Chinese inscriptions on various materials before the 16th century BC C. borrow rare books and books written in different languages D. have access to treasures like Gutenberg Bibles and Lindisfarne Gospels ‎【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C ‎【解析】本文是应用文，强调了在信息时代图书馆的作用，介绍了大英图书馆、美国国会图书馆及中国国家图书馆的馆藏、历史等基本情况。‎ ‎12.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“so libraries retain their importance for research and study”以及“It should also be remembered that libraries store books，inscriptions（铭文），and documents…”可知，图书馆在当今社会依然起到保存文献、提供研究的作用。故选B。‎ ‎13.B 细节判断题。关于大英博物馆的描述中，根据第二段第二行“where…researchers including…”此句中的“accommodate（提供食宿）”可知，B项正确。‎ ‎14.A 细节理解题。关于美国国会图书馆的描述“although only Congress members and employees can borrow books”可知，只有国会议员和工作人员可以借阅该图书馆的书，而其他图书馆并未提到对读者的要求，A项符合原文。B项是所有图书馆的特点；C项不是国会图书馆；D项与原文不符。故选A。‎ ‎15.C 细节理解题。关于中国国家图书馆的描述中，由“It includes Chinese inscriptions…”及“as well as items in foreign languages and many rare books”可知，该馆收藏了中文和外文的图书，C项符合题意。A项是美国国会图书馆的特点；由“It includes Chinese inscriptions on bone，stone，and tortoise shell which date back as far as the sixteenth century BC”可知，该馆收藏的中文文字记录可以追溯到16世纪，读者可以看到16世纪以后的文献，故B项的before the 16th century BC错误；D项提到的两本书收藏于大英图书馆。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。本题第２小题是细节判断题。关于大英博物馆的描述中，根据第二段第二行“where…researchers including…”此句中的“accommodate（提供食宿）”可知，B项正确。由“where the famous circular reading room had accommodated researchers”可知，原文未提及“in the world”故A项错；由“Previously，the library had been part of the British Museum”可知，C项中“in charge of”不符合题意，C项错误。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1‎ Albert Einstein, the genius behind the theory of relativity, which provided a new framework for all of physics and proposed new concepts of space and time, has recently been making headlines again. However, this time it is not for a new scientific breakthrough, but because of two handwritten notes the scientist gave a bellboy 95 years ago.‎ The story goes something like this. In October 1922, Einstein was invited to Tokyo to deliver lectures. As the scientist was making his way from Europe to Japan, he received a telegram informing him that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Though pleased at the news, he decided to continue with his Japanese trip instead of heading to Stockholm to accept the honor.‎ When in Tokyo, he penned two notes in German. One of them, written on a piece of plain paper, said, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.”‎ Why did Einstein write the notes? Some believe they were to express Einstein’s delight at the reception he received from the people of Japan who crowded to attend the laureate’s lectures. Others think they were specially written for a bellboy who came to deliver a message, either because the scientist did not have loose change to tip him, or because the messenger refused to accept tips. Regardless of the reason, Einstein purportedly told the bellboy, “Maybe if you are lucky, those notes will become much more valuable than just a regular tip.” He was right!‎ Earlier this year, the bellboy’s nephew decided to part with the letters and handed them to Winner’s Auctions and Exhibitions. The “theory of happiness” brought the owner an astonishing $1.56 million from a European buyer. The second note, which opened at $1,000, and expected to fetch a maximum of $6,000, sold for $240,000!‎ ‎24.What made Einstein become people’s focus again?‎ A. The theory of relativity. B. His new concepts of space. ‎ C. The notes written by himself. D. His notes about his theory.‎ ‎25.Where did Einstein write the words?‎ A. Bern. B. Stockholm. C. Germany. D. Japan.‎ ‎26.How were Einstein’s lectures?‎ A. They had a great effect. B. They attracted a lot of people. ‎ C. They successfully inspired people. D. They were hard to understand.‎ ‎27. How might the owner of the notes feel about the deal?‎ A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Unfair. D. Unexpected.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦在去日本讲学期间给服务员留下的两张写有字的纸条。这两张纸条的拍卖又使爱因斯坦成为了人们关注的话题。‎ ‎24.C【命题意图】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据首段末句可知，人们又重新提起爱因斯坦的原因是他写给侍者的两张纸条。故选C。‎ ‎27. D 【命题意图】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章末段内容可知，纸条的主人没有想到会卖出这么高的价钱。故选D。‎ ‎2‎ Think back to high school. What would have happened if your principal announced a later start time? Would you have eaten breakfast more often? Caught another half-hour of sleep? ‎ Too bad you're not a teenager now: A wave of schools are pushing their first class time back in response to the landmark 2014 recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics that "middle and high schools delay the start of class to 8:30 a.m. or later." But only 17.7 percent of schools currently follow that recommendation. That's not great, considering that sleep-deprived(睡眠剥夺)teens are more likely to suffer from depression, use drugs, get low grades and be overweight.‎ Now more schools are waking up to the reality of students' sleep needs. In one recent example, Troy Gobble, the principal of Stevenson High School, announced a wave of reforms to its school day. First on his list is changing the start time from 8:05 a.m. to 8:40 a.m. And students won't have to stay any longer in the afternoon to make up for the time.‎ Gobble explained the school's reasoning for the later start: The later start time will go into effect in September, for the 2016-17 school year, alongside other lifestyle changes like rescheduling final exams to before winter break, providing more healthy options in the cafeteria, and restructuring gym class so students can choose a different sport every six weeks. ‎ Schools that have experimented with later start times have found the move has paid off. ‎ In 2008, the Massachusetts boarding school pushed its start time from 7:55 a.m. to 8:30 a.m., and the positive effects were seen: Students "earned higher grades; ate more breakfasts, visited the health center far less frequently; and performed better in athletics."‎ As for Stevenson High School's plan, are there any downsides?‎ ‎"Our seniors are pretty upset," Gobbles said. "They're going to miss out on these positive ‎ changes."‎ ‎32.What is the author’s attitude toward the 2014 recommendation?‎ A. Favorable. B. Uninterested. C. Doubtful. D. Opposed.‎ ‎33.In the Massachusetts boarding school the class in the morning starts at____.‎ A. 7:55 B. 8:05 C. 8:30. D. 8:40.‎ ‎34.Which reform will be carried out in Stevenson High School?‎ A. Lengthen the meal times. ‎ B. Have a shorter school day.‎ C. Increase periods of gym class. ‎ D. Put off final exams till after writer holiday. ‎ ‎35.What can be the best title of the text?‎ A. Students need more sleep. ‎ B. Sleep is good for your health. ‎ C. Students strongly call for short school days.‎ D. Schools are fighting against teen sleep deprivation.‎ ‎【文章大意】充足的睡眠是健康和效率的保障，然而对于中学生来说，繁重的课业减少了他们的睡眠时间。值得庆幸的是，很多学校都意识到了这一点，开始采取一些措施，比如推迟上午的上课时间等。‎ ‎32.A【命题意图】态度观点题。【解题思路】根据第一段Too bad you're not a teenager now和 That's not great,可以判断作者对于推迟学生上午上课时间的建议是持赞同态度的，故选A。‎ ‎33.C 【命题意图】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据末段the Massachusetts boarding school pushed its start time from 7:55 a.m. to 8:30 a.m.可知选C。‎ ‎34.B【命题意图】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段First on his list is changing the start time from 8:05 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. And students won't have to stay any longer in the afternoon to make up.和第五段内容可以判断学生们推迟上午上课时间，但是下午不用去补上这些时间，故判断选B。 ‎ ‎35.D【命题意图】标题概括题。【解题思路】文章主要介绍了一些学校为了保证学生睡眠时间而推迟上午上课时间的事情，故选D。‎ ‎3‎ In the past two years, more than 3,600 women have ended up in prison in Montgomery County for addiction-related crimes, a number that’s doubled since 2014.‎ ‎“We’ve had to re-organize because of the female population,” says Maj. Matt Haines, “We don’t have enough beds.” Dayton’s police force has been on the front lines, recognizing that, “treatment not jail (监禁)” is the answer to lowering crime.‎ In Mexico, it is women who are often swept up in the country’s fight against drug trafficking (贩毒). “We’re talking about people who are at the very beginning of the drug trafficking chain,” says Coletta Youngers. “They are engaged in selling drugs or transporting a small amount of drugs because it’s an easy way to combine their child care responsibilities with an income, which they’re regarding as a way to put food on the table for their kids.”‎ That’s the case for 32-year-old Carmela Rodrìguez Reyes, who is serving a nearly three-year sentence in a heavily-guarded prison outside of Mexico City for selling cocaine. When the police came, she said her boyfriend had introduced her to the drug and forced her to help him sell and told police she was the dealer. As far as she knows, he wasn’t arrested.‎ The feature of U.S.-style drug policy is the jailing time, which someone guilty will serve, often tied to the amount of a controlled substance they had in their possession.‎ In Canada, women native to it make up 3% of the population, but 38% of women in prison.‎ ‎21. How many women were in prison in Montgomery County because of drug crime in 2014?‎ A. About 3600. B. About 1200 . C. About 1800. D. About 7200.‎ ‎22. What does the third paragraph mainly want to tell the readers?‎ A. Women are at the very beginning of the drug trafficking chain.‎ B. Women are often arrested in Mexico’s fight against drug trafficking.‎ C. Women hide the crime of drug trafficking by taking care of their own kids.‎ D. Women make money from drug trafficking. Meanwhile they can take care of their kids.‎ ‎23. What is Carmela Rodrìguez Reyes? ‎ A. A drug dealer. B. A mother of 32. C. A policeman. D. A policewoman. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇关于治安状况的短文。在美洲国家，妇女因参与贩毒而被判处监禁的人数日益增加。‎ ‎21. C【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】因此根据第一段中的“a number that’s doubled since 2014.”可推断出C项正确。‎ ‎23. A【命题意图】细节理解题。推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第四段中的“she was the dealer” 可推测出A项正确。‎ ‎4‎ Wings of Rescue, a nonprofit group founded by Yehuda Netanel, hopes to make its 2015 Thanksgiving holiday airlift （空运）its biggest event to date with 25 planes carrying more than 1,000 dogs and 100 cats to new homes around the United States.‎ ‎ “Last year we flew 608 animals," Ric Browde, a volunteer of Wings of Rescue said. "And as soon as the last plane took off, Yehuda told me, ‘Next year we have to go bigger, we have to do 1,000 dogs!’ And I thought, where are we going to get 1,000 dogs? The really sad part is, there are 1,000 dogs that need homes.”‎ The airlift will use a variety of aircraft. While most pilots involved are seasoned Wings of Rescue volunteers, there will be a couple of pilots making their first rescue flight. “We’re always looking for new pilots that are willing to join the team,” added Browde.‎ The event will be filmed as part of the All-Star Dog Rescue Celebration to air on the FOX network on Thanksgiving. The two-hour special aims to raise awareness for the eight million animals in the U.S. shelter system. It's being produced by actress Hilary Swank and will feature celebrity guests who will introduce the dogs in need of homes and honor the volunteers who devote their lives to caring for animals in need.‎ The airlift will cost the group more than $100,000. Browde says, on average, it costs $100 to save one dog – which includes fuel, rental fees for large aircraft and the cost of the health certificate required for each animal to fly.‎ Every dollar that is contributed goes directly to helping save a pet’s life, and Browde emphasizes that no donation is too small. “We're using money to get the planes in the air and get the dogs where they need to go.”‎ ‎28.What does the underlined word “seasoned” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. Aggressive. B. Responsible. C. Experienced. D. Enthusiastic.‎ ‎29. Why will this airlift be filmed on the FOX network?‎ A. To attract more audience. ‎ B. To raise money for the poor. ‎ C. To advertise for more volunteers. ‎ D. To raise awareness for homeless animals. ‎ ‎30.What is the donated money used for?‎ A. Renting aircraft. B. Hiring more volunteers. ‎ C. Inviting famous people to act. D. Buying toys for animals.‎ ‎31. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. A nonprofit group. B. A donation program. ‎ C. A devoted animal lover. D. An event to fly animals.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章主要介绍了动物救助组织Wings of Rescue举办的2015最大的活动，即一天内用25架飞机运送1000只狗和100只猫到收养家庭的事情。‎ ‎28.C【命题意图】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据后句中their first rescue flight和We’re always looking for new pilots的对比，可以判断该词指“有经验的”，故选C。‎ ‎29.D 【命题意图】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段中The two-hour special aims to raise awareness for the eight million animals currently in the U.S. shelter system.可知，网络直播这次空运活动的目的是为了引起人们对无人收养动物的关注，故选D。‎ ‎30.A【命题意图】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据文章倒数第二段中it costs $100 to save one dog – which includes fuel, rental fees for large aircraft可以判断选A。‎ ‎31.D【命题意图】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本文首段提到了Wings of Rescue计划组织最大规模的空运动物的活动，然后在第三、四、五段进行详细介绍，由此推断本文的中心内容是介绍这次空运，故选D。‎ 字数：308‎ ‎5‎ The Icelandic people have long relied on the sea as the bedrock of their economy, diet and culture. However, it’s the sky that makes Iceland an attractive destination. The Northern Lights are a wonder of such powerful beauty that anyone lucky enough to witness them will never forget the experience. All over the country there is a chance to see the northern lights, but the best viewing times are when the nights are clear and dark between late August and mid-April.‎ There are few places on earth where the pleasures of the modern age sit so close to nature in its wildest state. The capital, Reykjavik, is a very modern city with all the facilities (设施), comforts and attractions, but it is remarkably quick and easy to escape its noises and find yourself surrounded by raw, unspoilt (未受破坏的) wilderness.‎ A literary heritage (遗产) that dates back over centuries, a lively musical tradition that includes everything from opera to avant-garde (前卫的) electronic, a booming art scene that includes the cutting-edge and the traditional, and a world-class cooking offering. Icelandic food is delicious and various, relying heavily on lamb—a product of the country’s rich grassland—and fish from the surrounding oceans.‎ A great way to work off the calories from Iceland’s tempting food is by exploring its many natural wonders. Seljalandsfoss is likely the country’s most beautiful waterfall and the natural rock formations at Dyrhólaey, the Jökulsárlón glacial lagoon and the black volcanic beach at Reynisfjara are all unmissable landmarks. The famous Blue Lagoon is also an undoubted highlight of the trip.‎ Iceland has become increasingly popular with travelers over the past few years. Its obvious and unique characteristics truly set it apart from the rest of Europe—if you are curious, adventurous and appreciate beauty, Iceland is a must.‎ ‎24. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?‎ A. Iceland is an attractive destination of travel.‎ B. The Icelandic people have long relied on the sea.‎ C. The Northern Lights are a wonder of such powerful beauty.‎ D. The best times to watch the Northern Lights in Iceland is between late August and mid-April.‎ ‎25. What different feature does the capital, Reykjavik has from other cities?‎ A. It sits so close to nature in its wildest state.‎ B. It is a city with the pleasures of the modern age.‎ C. It is a very modern city with all the facilities, comforts and attractions.‎ D. Where you can escape its noises and find yourself surrounded by raw, unspoilt wilderness.‎ ‎26. What does Icelandic food mainly consist of?‎ A. Tempting foods. B. A world-class cooking offering.‎ C. Lamb and fish. D. Delicious and various materials.‎ ‎27. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To introduce Iceland. B. To attract more travelers.‎ C. To make Iceland famous. D. To make Icelanders known.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇旅游胜地推介短文。冰岛是一个独特的旅游目的地。它具有大都市特点的同时还具有最接近原生态的特点。文化遗产，美味食品和各种自然景观使冰岛成为游客必选的旅游目的地。‎ ‎24. A【命题意图】段落大意题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第一段中的“However, it’s the sky that makes Iceland an attractive destination.”及全段内容可知A项正确。‎ ‎25. D【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第二段中的“sit so close to nature in its wildest state” 和 “It is quick and easy to escape its noises and find yourself surrounded by raw, unspoilt(未受破坏的) wilderness. ”可知D项正确。‎ ‎26.C【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第三段中的“Icelandic food is delicious and various, relying heavily on lamb and fish… ”可知C项正确。‎ ‎27. B【命题意图】写作意图题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第五段中的“if you are curious, adventurous and appreciate beauty, Iceland is a must. ” 可推测出B项正确。‎ ‎6‎ One day in the shop, the radio presenter’s (主持人) comment surprised him. After discussing the idea with his family, he applied to university in Palma to study psychology and, aged 46, was accepted.‎ ‎“I had to get used to being much older than all the other students,” he says. “In fact, I was older than my professor. But I ended up helping the others because I’d had more life experience that carries psychological effect, which could reflect classroom theory. I couldn’t go to all of the parties, though!”‎ Pep came top of his year and impressed his teachers so much that he was offered a job researching and teaching, which he still does while studying for a master’s in psychology. Now 52, and still ‎ in the job, he adds, “My only regret is not having done it earlier.”‎ The traditional view used to be that, while a bit of changing in your youth was acceptable, you should then settle on a career and stick to it. But today record numbers of 50- and 60-somethings are choosing to take on new challenges. “Job satisfaction becomes increasingly important when you’ve only got a few miles on the clock,” says Carolyn May, who left a career in education at age 58 to set up a business in Wales helping others to have second working lives. “You don’t want to spend the rest of your life regretting not following your dream,” says Carolyn May, who has since set up a company that specializes in marketing researching and copywriting.‎ In the UK, the abolition (废除) of the fixed retirement age has definitely helped change the concept of working lives. The choice to take some of your pension (养老金) at the age of 55 has also opened financial doors for those wishing to make a mid-life change.‎ ‎28. Who do the first 3 paragraphs talk about?‎ A. The writer. B. Pep. C. Carolyn May. D. A radio presenter.‎ ‎29. Why was Pep offered a job researching and teaching?‎ A. Because he often helped others.‎ B. Because impressed his teachers much.‎ C. Because he made the most progress and was recognized by his teachers.‎ D. Because he had more life experience, which could reflect classroom theory.‎ ‎30. What is the traditional view about career?‎ A. The older you are, the more you stick to a career.‎ B. The younger you’re, the more you change a career.‎ C. People over 50 shouldn’t to take on new challenges.‎ D. Whether young or old, you’d better stick to a career.‎ ‎31. What has caused the British to change the attitude to working lives?‎ A. The flexible retirement age.‎ B. The desire to have second working lives.‎ C. The desire to take some of the pension younger.‎ D. Financial doors’ opening for those wishing to make a mid-life change.‎ ‎【文章大意】‎ 本文是一篇生活类短文。在规定年龄退休政策的废除使英国人改变了有关职业生涯方面的传统观念。中年人、甚至60岁左右的人开始寻求职业的再次改变。‎ ‎28. B【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】本文只提到两个人Pep和Carolyn May，第一段和第二段分别用了he和I指代人，第三段出现了Pep ,后一段才出现Carolyn May，根据行文习惯可知B项正确。‎ ‎30. D【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第四段中的“The traditional view used to be that you should settle on a career and stick to it.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎31. A【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“In the UK, the abolition of the fixed retirement age has definitely helped change the concept of working lives.”可知A 项正确。‎ ‎7‎ In New York, students at 18 schools participate in a program called We Future Cycle. Started by Anna Giordano in 2014, it teaches kids to recycle, compost(堆肥), and reduce food waste.‎ Lunch areas at the participating schools are equipped with three clearly marked bins – compost, recycle and share. While the first two are common in schools, the third is rare, where kids can put their unwanted drinks, fruits, and even untouched sandwiches. Items in the container are available for any student that wants them. Whatever remains at the end of the day is donated to the food bank. Giordano says the three bins have helped reduce the number of trash bags from an average of 22 to just 2!‎ To ensure kids adopt similar habits at home, the non-profit has created extensive curriculum to educate families about the importance of sorting waste into the proper streams of recycling, composting, trash and food to donate They also urge parents to have open conversations with their kids about food choices.‎ But, as we’re all aware, kids aren’t the only ones that waste food - Adults are equally bad, if not worse! To prevent that, Josh Treuhaft founded Salvage Supper club in 2014. The occasionally organized dinners promise people a tasty multi-course meal for a mere $50 USD per person. It is ‎ also a plan to save waste because the delicious food is made from vegetables that are past their prime and, therefore, headed for the trash bin.‎ The other catch? Customers have to eat their meals inside a dumpster（大型垃圾装卸车）! The place, of course, is totally clean. It is just a symbolic gesture. In addition to helping people rethink their actions, Treuhaft also helps them do good by donating part of the profits to non-profits devoted to fighting against food waste. ‎ ‎32. What is the aim of We Future Cycle?‎ A. To collect money and food for poor children. ‎ B. To educate children to treasure and save food.‎ C. To encourage children to share food with others.‎ D. To inspire children to learn agriculture knowledge.‎ ‎33. Which word can be used to describe We Future Cycle?‎ A. Successful. B. Official. C. Impractical. D. World-famous.‎ ‎34. What do we know about Salvage Supper club?‎ A. It is mainly aimed for adults. ‎ B. It is founded by Anna Giordano.‎ C. It provides free supper for people.‎ D. It has enjoyed great success in many schools.‎ ‎35. What is the reason for people eating in a dumpster?‎ A. It is money- saving. ‎ B. People like to be unique. ‎ C. It can remind people of food waste problem.‎ D. A dumpster is much cleaner than a restaurant.‎ ‎【文章大意】爱惜粮食、节约粮食、减少浪费是我们的义务。在本文中作者介绍了两个节约粮食的创新活动，一个是鼓励回收、分享剩余食物；一个是参加“垃圾车餐厅”的进餐。‎ ‎32.B【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据文章首段it teaches kids to recycle, compost(堆肥), and reduce food waste.可知，We Future Cycle是为了教育人们要珍惜粮食、节约粮食，故选B。‎ ‎33.A【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第二段末句Giordano says the three bins have helped reduce the number of trash bags from an average of 22 to just 2!可知学生们乱扔的食物减少了，由此判断这个活动取得了效果，是成功的，故选A。‎ ‎34.A【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第四段的第一、二句But, as we’re all aware, kids aren’t the only ones that waste food - Adults are equally bad, if not worse! To prevent that, Josh Treuhaft founded Salvage Supperclub in 2014可知，这个活动主要是提醒成年人不要浪费粮食，故选A。‎ ‎35.C【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据文章末段It is just a symbolic gesture. In addition to helping people rethink their actions,可以推断让人们在垃圾车里进餐的目的是想让人们思考自己的浪费行为,即：很多本来可以吃的蔬菜粮食都被自己倒进垃圾箱里了，故选C。‎ 字数：311‎ ‎8‎ Wondering where to watch the fireworks on the fourth Friday of July? Here are some restaurants where you can sit, grab a bite to eat and watch the show.‎ The Roof on Wilshire offers a view of the city, so chances are that you’ll be able to catch a fireworks show while you’re up there. The restaurant will also offer an all-you-can-eat menu for $20 that includes all beef hot dogs and sweet potato chips. The festivities will take place from 2 to 11 pm. Reservations are recommended. 6317 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, (323) 852-6002.‎ Whiskey Red’s is located in Marina Del Rey. Beginning at 5:30 pm, it will include live music from Jack of Hearts. The event is free and open to the public. Guests can make reservations from 5:30 to 10 pm. It costs $59 to reserve a seat on the patio (露台) and $49 for indoor seating. Kids aged 5 to 12 need $25 for a seat outside and $20 for an indoor seat. Kids aged four and below are free. 13813 Fiji Way, Marina Del Rey, (310) 823-4522.‎ High Rooftop lounge in Venice at the top of the Hotel Erwin offers views of the Venice coastline. The fireworks show starts at 9 pm. The rooftop lounge (休息室) offers a full menu of cocktails and a selection of snacks. 1697 Pacific Avenue, Venice Beach, (800) 786-7789.‎ The last one is Carbon Beach Club at the Malibu Inn. Here you can see fireworks from a seat on the restaurant’s oceanfront balcony from 6 to 9:30 pm. Reservations are recommended. 22878‎ ‎ Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, (310) 456-6444.‎ ‎【文章大意】 七月的第四个星期五想去哪里观看焰火，本文中的饭店分别推出了各自的服务，让人们在获得视觉享受的同时也能得到想要的服务。‎ ‎21. Which restaurant will provide live music during fireworks?‎ A. Wilshire. B. Whiskey Red’s. C. High Rooftop lounge. D. Carbon Beach Club.‎ ‎21. B【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“Beginning at 5:30 pm, it will include live music from Jack of Hearts.”可知，正确答案为B项。‎ ‎22. Where can you get an all-you-can-eat menu with twenty pounds?‎ A. Wilshire. B. Whiskey Red’s. C. High Rooftop lounge. D. Carbon Beach Club.‎ ‎23. Which telephone number will you dial if you want to reserve a seat on an oceanfront balcony?‎ A. (323) 852-6002. B. (310) 823-4522. C. (800) 786-7789. D. (310) 456-6444.‎ ‎23. D【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“Here you can see fireworks from a seat on the restaurant’s oceanfront balcony from 6 to 9:30 pm.”和后面所给的电话号码可知D项符合题意。故答案为D。‎ 考点：考查阅读能力 字数：275‎ 出处：2014-2015高三学英语报第四十六期A文 ‎9‎ Teaching can be one of the most satisfying jobs in the United States. Yet many American teachers say they feel overworked, undervalued, and underpaid. This has led to what education experts call ‘teacher burnout,’ a feeling of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion.‎ In all, nearly 50 percent of American teachers leave the profession before their fifth year. That information comes from a 2010 study by the advisory service McKinsey & Company.‎ And, a 2016 study from Penn State University found that 46 percent of teachers report high daily stress. Teachers say the stress affects their sleep, health, teaching performance, and ‎ quality of life. The study identified mindfulness training as one promising solution for improving teacher well-being.‎ The Greater Good Science Center at the University of California — Berkeley studies the science and practice of well-being. It defines mindfulness as keeping “a moment-by-moment awareness of our thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and surrounding environment.”‎ A person can reach this emotional state by spending time in quiet thought, without judging these thoughts and feelings. A number of people also meditate — they take slow, deep breaths to become calm.‎ Many organizations around the country have designed mindfulness training programs for schools. Some of them are designed for teachers. The programs seek to reduce teacher stress while helping them be more effective in the classroom.‎ Maureen Naughton is a seventh grade science teacher at a public middle school in the Bronx section of New York City. As a highly active teacher, Naughton would sometimes forget to take time to herself. But after the programs she shared the methods such as mindful walking and mindful eating — ways of enjoying those activities fully instead of being distracted by worries or responsibilities.‎ Naughton also said the deep breathing methods help her to maintain calm when faced with the stress of trying to “meet everyone’s needs.”‎ ‎【文章大意】 教师在美国应该是最令人满意的行业之一，但是许多美国教师抱怨他们工作繁重，不被重视，薪水低。这种现象被专家称之为“教师职业倦怠”。一些研究机构提出了相应的解决方案，收到了比较好的效果。‎ ‎24. What does ‘teacher burnout’ in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A. A condition of happiness and sorrow B. A situation of physical exercise C. A feeling of mental, physical, and emotional tiredness D. A feeling of mental, physical, and emotional relaxation ‎24. C【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句teacher burnout后面的内容“a feeling of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion”可知答案选C。‎ ‎25. What do we know from Paragraphs 2 and 3?‎ A. Nearly half of American teachers leave the profession before their tenth year.‎ B. A 2010 study was conducted by a college.‎ C. Forty-six percent of teachers report high daily stress in last year’s study.‎ D. Daily stress affects their sleep, health, teaching performance, and quality of teaching.‎ ‎25. C【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第二段第一句可知：将近百分之五十的教师在工作不到五年的时候就离开了，故A项错误。根据第二段第二句中的“a 2010 study by the advisory service McKinsey & Company”可知B项不正确。根据第三段第一句中的“a 2016 study from Penn State University found that 46 percent of teachers report high daily stress”可知C项正确。根据第三段第二句中的“Teachers say the stress affects their sleep, health, teaching performance, and quality of life.”可知D项不正确。故答案为C。‎ ‎26. What do mindfulness training programs designed for teachers try to do?‎ A. They try to make teachers take slow, deep breaths to become calm B. They try to reduce teacher stress to help teachers be more effective when teaching C. They try to make teachers enjoy those activities fully D. They try to make teachers spend time in quiet thought, without judging these thoughts and feelings ‎26. B【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第六段最后一句的内容“The programs seek to reduce teacher stress while helping them be more effective in the classroom.”可知，B项为正确答案。‎ ‎27. What can we infer from Naughton’s words?‎ A. The deep breathing methods are a good way to let her keep calm when faced with stress.‎ B. The deep breathing methods help her to maintain calm when faced with the stress of trying to “meet everyone’s needs.” ‎ C. Don’t be distracted by worries or possibilities.‎ D. Enjoy all kinds of activities carefully.‎ ‎27. A【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据最后两段中Naughton所说的内容可知，C项和D项都与原文不符。B项 是本人所说的内容，不是推断出来的。A项的内容正确表示出了Naughton的意思，故正确答案为A。‎ ‎10‎ The level of discrimination has varied enormously in the history of human societies, from genocide where ethnics(种族) are killed off through expulsion and, when these extreme forms of discrimination are not possible, through segregation(隔离) in a narrow range of jobs.‎ One type of ethnic minority is lower class. Here disproportionate numbers of a population are isolated in slum housing tracts and pushed into the lowest-paying occupations such that they are in the poverty classes of a society. African-Americans have suffered this fate in the United States. Another type of ethnic minority created by discrimination is the middleman minority where members are segregated but, at the same time, allowed to occupy a narrow range of entrepreneurial and professional economic positions which give them some affluence(富足). For example, Jews in feudal and early modern Europe often occupied high positions in banking and finance; and many Asia immigrants in America today have moved into small business niches.‎ What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resources-money, entrepreneurial know-how, educational credentials-that a population can mobilize. When ethnics have some resources, they can more easily move into intermediary minority positions and live a more middle-class life style. But resources are not the only factor; another is the absolute size of an ethnic population. A small minority with resources can more easily fine intermediary niches than a large one, for the simple reason that there are not enough small-business positions for a large population. A large ethnic population will, therefore, be pushed to lower niches especially if their resources are limited and, as a result, their ability to fight off discrimination is low. African-Americans have suffered this fate: they are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination. Indeed, what often happens is that members of a large minority who can mobilize resources—say, educational credentials—move into middle-class positions, leaving behind their fellow ethnics. For example, many blacks in America vast majority of blacks in the lower classes has remained the same, or worsened over the last twenty-five years. Black America itself is thus divided by large class differences.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章主要讲述了当前影响社会阶层分类的重要因素即资源以及对资源的运用。‎ ‎58. How were the Jews in feudal and early modern Europe discriminated?‎ ‎ A. They were isolated in living in slum housing tracts.‎ ‎ B. Only the lowest-paying occupations were available to them.‎ ‎ C. Only very few high-paying professions were open to them.‎ ‎ D. They suffered the same fate as the African-Americans.‎ ‎59. The Asian-Americans are classified as the middleman minority mainly because__________.‎ ‎ A. their population is smaller than that of the African Americans ‎ B. they are not discriminated as severely as the African Americans ‎ C. they cannot go beyond small business ‎ D. they are a small minority with resources D 推理判断题 依据文章第三段中的“African-Americans have suffered this fate: they are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination”可知亚裔美国人之所以被划分为中产阶级中的少部分是因为他们的资源太少，故D项正确。‎ ‎60. Which of the following factor determines one’s chance to move into the middle class?‎ ‎ A. The population of the group one is in. B. One’s ability to make use of resources.‎ ‎ C. One’s educational background. D. The security of discrimination.‎ B 细节理解题 依据文章第三段中的“What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resources-money, entrepreneurial know-how, educational credentials-that a population can mobilize”可知资源的利用是决定阶层的主要因素，故选B项正确。‎ ‎11‎ The popular smartphone application Instagram（照片分享）has changed the way we look at photography, even our world. The photo-worthy moments we share serve as an important function in cultivating the photographic artistic eye. ‎ Instagram has got people to start noticing the art in their everyday life. It has also allowed us to share the artful moments in our lives with others. Clearly, making people focus on beautiful moments in their lives and how to share them is a positive takeaway from Instagram. ‎ Not only has Instagram changed the way we look at things around us, but it has also changed the way people view professional photography. Instagram has turned everyone with a smartphone into an artist. Opening up art to the general community is a groundbreaking(创新的) aspect of this application. Making artistic attempts accessible for everyone to discover their artistic ‎ talents and explore creatively is something that has made people find the beauty in the everyday. However, this accessibility has also created questioning around art and respect deserved by professional photography. ‎ The art in a professional photograph versus an Instagram can sometimes be hard to notice at a quick glance. But photographs taken by true professional photographers hold something that Instagram’s cannot match in terms of photographic quality, or advanced compositional knowledge.‎ This is not to say Instagram is a lesser art. Aesthetic qualities of art are a personal matter and how good an artwork is depends on personal preferences. Good is a very arbitrary term in the art world. For example, I may find one photo more pleasing than another, but not everyone has to agree with me. ‎ The point I am trying to make is that professional photography should not be lost, but instead approached with a new, enhanced level of respect and admiration — despite how accessible, common and fun Instagram now makes the taking and sharing of photos.‎ ‎25. What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage?‎ A. The increasing popularity of Instagram.‎ B. The advantages and disadvantages of Instagram.‎ C. The changes that Instagram brings us.‎ D. The differences between Instagram and professional photography.‎ ‎26. What can the smartphone application Instagram do?‎ A. Help people to discover true self.‎ B. Inspire people to find the beauty in life. ‎ C. Encourage people to be more competitive.‎ D. Let people gain others’ respect and admiration.‎ ‎27. Why do people begin to doubt the art of professional photography?‎ A. Because common people can take perfect photos easily.‎ B. Because they show no respect for professional photographers.‎ C. Because the artistic level of professional photography is reducing.‎ D. Because Instagram has changed the way people look at the world. ‎ ‎28. What does the writer think of professional photography?‎ A. Useful. B. Valueless. C. Helpless. D. Absurd. ‎ ‎【文章大意】‎ 智能手机的照片分享应用改变了人们看待摄影、甚至世界的方式。通过分享自己生活中的美好瞬间，人们开始在日常生活中发现美并传播美。同时，因为拥有智能手机的人都可以拍出完美的照片，人们也对专业摄影技术渐渐失去了应有的尊敬。‎ ‎25.C主旨大意题。在文中作者首先提到照片分享功能改变了人们看待摄影、甚至世界的方式，然后在下文分别从这两个方面进行介绍，由此判断文章主要介绍了照片分享功能所带来的变化，故选C。‎ ‎26.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知手机的照片分享功能改变了人们看世界的方式，使得人们开始去发现身边的美，并且愿意和别人去分享这份美好。而其他选项都属于无中生有的干扰项。‎ ‎27.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知智能手机的拍照和照片分享功能使得每个人都有机会去尝试接触艺术，发现自己的艺术天分，拍出完美的照片，因此人们对专业摄影作品也产生了质疑，故选A。‎ ‎28.A细节理解题。根据文章末段but instead approached with a new, enhanced level of respect and admiration可知作者认为专业摄影还是有用的，故选A。‎ ‎12‎ Have you ever had trouble trying to choose a gift? Perhaps you need a birthday present for someone who is hard to please. How about clothing? You might be about choosing the wrong size, color, or style. Books or DVDs? You may not know enough about the person’s likes, dislikes, and interests. And giving money may not seem right. Well, how about a gift card?‎ A gift card is a card that is issued（发行） by a certain store. It’s worth a certain amount of money. It looks like a credit card, but it actually works like cash. A gift card holder can spend the amount of money noted on the card in the store that issued it. These cards are big moneymakers. One reason is that when gift-card holders go to the store, they often see other things to buy, and they end up spending more money than the gift card is worth. ‎ Gift cards are becoming extremely popular in many countries around the world. Why? People love the convenience—cards are easy to buy and easy to use, either in the store or online. The receiver can select his or her own gift, and the giver doesn’t have to worry about finding just the right thing.‎ Receiving a gift card, however, is not the same as receiving a gift. An actual gift is a better reminder of the person who gave it. It helps us appreciate the thought and effort that went into the choice. The message of a real gift is more likely to be “ I spent some time trying to find ‎ the right gift for you because I care about you.”‎ Often a gift card doesn’t pass on the same message as an actual gift. It may seem to say, “ I was in a hurry. I didn’t have time to think about what you really like.” In today’s busy world, gift cards are convenient. However, they can make us forget the real purpose of giving gifts, which is to build a closer bond between the gift-giver and the gift-receiver.‎ ‎32. How does the author introduce the main topic?‎ A. By comparison.　B. By asking questions. C. By explanation. D. By making a statement.‎ ‎33. What is the advantage of gift cards?‎ A. They can be used as credit cards. ‎ B. They are worth more money than they cost.‎ C. They could make more money for the store.‎ D. The used gift cards can be kept by customers.‎ ‎34. Why does the author advise giving an actual gift?‎ A. It is liked more by the receivers. ‎ B. It is worth more than a gift card.‎ C. It can show the givers’ thought and effort.‎ D. It contains more information about the givers.‎ ‎35. What might be the suitable title for the text?‎ A. Gift Cards.‎ B. Ways to Send Gifts.‎ C. The Meaning of Gifts.‎ D. The Best Gift — Gift Cards ‎【文章大意】购物卡很受欢迎、很便利，同时也给商家带来了巨大的利益，但是送购物卡当礼物失去了送礼物的真正意义。在本文中作者对此进行了论述。‎ ‎34. C ‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段可知送具体礼物的好处是能够显示送礼人挑选礼物时的精心，也更能显示送礼人的心意。‎ ‎35. A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了购物卡，分析了送购物卡的不利方面，作者认为送购物卡不是最好的表达关心和爱的方式，故选A。‎ ‎13‎ People are being attracted to Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.‎ Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal information is worth.‎ The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook — you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things — your city, your photo, your friends' names—were set, by default (默认) to be shared with everyone on the Internet.‎ According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience”.‎ Some people think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which was about selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?‎ The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.‎ I think that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering stopping using it. Facebook is a convenient site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay. ‎ ‎32. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Facebook is becoming a more useful site. ‎ B. Facebook is improving its service gradually. ‎ C. Facebook is stealing and selling users’ information. ‎ D. Facebook is losing more customers.‎ ‎33. What did Facebook’s business model include at the beginning? ‎ A. Selling its service. B. Selling ads. C. Selling its products. D. Selling personal information.‎ ‎34. According to the writer, why Facebook make changes to its rule?‎ A. To provide better service to its users. 　 B. To follow the Federal guidelines. ‎ C. To encourage its users’ communication. D. To gain its users’ more personal information. ‎ ‎35. What does the writer plan to do?‎ A. He is planning not to use Facebook any longer. ‎ B. He is considering to fight against Facebook. ‎ C. He is planning to change his personal information. ‎ D. He urges Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for Facebook.‎ 改编 文章大意：本文是一篇论说文，讲述了当下很受欢迎的社交网站Facebook把用户资料出售给广告商的事情。对此大多数用户并不知情，而且他们也没有意识到个人资料的重要性。而在文中作者的态度和立场是非常鲜明的，他表示考虑注销自己在脸书上的账户。‎ ‎32.C主旨大意题。文章首段提出Facebook的用户没有意识到在使用Facebook的同时泄露了自己越来越多的个人信息，而Facebook在靠出卖用户信息而盈利，然后下文进一步分析，由此判断选C。‎ ‎33.B根据文章第五段内容Its original business model, which was about selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed.可知Facebook最初的商业模式是靠登广告来赚钱，选B。‎ ‎34.D 推理判断题。作者认为Facebook打着为用户提供更好服务的旗号，窃取更多用户信息，故选D。‎ ‎35.A细节理解题。根据文章末段信息which is why I’m considering stopping using it.可知选A。‎ ‎14‎ There are many useful things we can do each day to feel better. It may take some efforts and time to make a habit of drinking 8 glasses of water daily or thinking more positively, but it is well worth it. What things do you do every day to feel better?‎ Probably the healthiest thing you can do to feel better each day is to exercise early in the morning. You don’t have to run the whole morning or spend a few hours in the gym. Even doing some easy exercise like walking, sit-ups or jumping the rope will help you feel better in no time!‎ Again, due to our busy schedules, we don’t get enough sleep each night. If you have trouble ‎ falling asleep, avoid watching TV or surfing the Internet right before bed. Also, try to make healthy bedtime snack choices and don’t drink tea or coffee too late in the day.‎ If you drink 3 glasses of water, 4 glasses of coffee or tea and a glass of soda each day and think that you drink enough water, think again. Your body needs water (not coffee or soda!) to function properly. Aiming to drink 7-8 glasses of water each day can make you feel better.‎ Being positive is the key to a longer life. Positive thoughts can help improve your overall health. Life is full of stressful situations and it’s hard to stay cheerful when everything goes wrong, but your positive attitude can help you solve any problem and fight any stress faster and easier. Your positive attitude is especially good for your heart health. Smile, stay positive and live a longer life!‎ ‎21. In the author’s opinion, which can benefit us most in order that we feel better?‎ A. Sleeping enough. B. Drinking enough water.‎ C. Thinking more positively. D. Taking morning exercise.‎ ‎22. Which of the following agrees with what is said in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Drinking tea or coffee makes us sleep less.‎ B. Drinking tea before bed makes it harder to fall asleep.‎ C. Watching TV or surfing the Internet leads to less sleep.‎ D. Our busy schedules cause more difficulty in falling asleep.‎ ‎23. Why is water necessary to our body?‎ A. Because it can make us feel better.‎ B. Because it can have our body work smoothly.‎ C. Because it can do more good to our body than coffee.‎ D. Because it can help avoid feeling thirsty.‎ ‎24. What do we need most when everything goes wrong?‎ A. Thinking positively. B. Thinking out wise ways.‎ C. Having a right attitude. D. Staying cheerful.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇保健类文章。本文介绍了为获得身心健康和长寿，人们应该做的事和应该有的处事态度。‎ ‎21. D【命题意图】细节理解题。‎ ‎ 【解题思路】根据第二段的第一句可知：为了每天都心情愉快所做的最健康的事是晨练。‎ ‎22. B【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎ 【解题思路】根据第三段中的＂If you have trouble falling asleep… try to make healthy bedtime snack choices and don’t drink tea or coffee too late…＂可知：上床前喝茶会使你更难入睡。‎ ‎24. A【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎ 【解题思路】根据第五段中的＂…it’s hard to stay cheerful when everything goes wrong, but your positive attitude can help you solve any problem and fight any stress faster and easier.＂可知： 逆境时，我们最需要的是多思考问题的积极方面。C项＂拥有正确的态度＂表达得太笼统。‎ ‎15‎ In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door closed but not locked. None of us carried keys. The last one in for the evening would close up. I don’t know whether that was a local one or it is universal.‎ Those days are over. In rural areas and in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.‎ It is not uncommon, in most pleasant homes, to see on the windows small notices announcing that the building is closely guarded by this security force or that guard company.‎ Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company provided us with no charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual lock attached to it.‎ The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our life? Who is going to make the payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock?‎ For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected. It does not occur to us that we should ask ourselves: Why has this happened? Why do we have to defend ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens?‎ We trust no one. Suburban (郊区的) housewives wear rape whistles (防强暴口哨) on their key chains. We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves (聪明反被聪明误). We may have locked the evils out, but we have also locked ourselves in.‎ ‎29. What does the underlined word one in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A. The last person in. B. The evening when we leave the door unlocked.‎ C. The custom to leave the door unlocked. D. The person closing the door up.‎ ‎30. For what purpose does the insurance company put on an advertisement with a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual lock attached to it?‎ A. To deepen our sense of security. B. To advertise the now-usual locks.‎ C. To advertise the insurance company. D. To sell the insurance.‎ ‎31. What does the 5th Paragraph imply?‎ A. The damage done to one’s feelings by distrust and fear is too hard to repair.‎ B. It’s the insurance companies’ duty to pay for stolen goods.‎ C. Nobody can pay for the damage done to one’s feelings by distrust and fear.‎ D. Nobody can pay for the transformation from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock.‎ ‎32. What does the author write the passage to tell us?‎ A. The security situation in the US has become much worse than before.‎ B. We shouldn’t go to extremes in ensuring our security.‎ C. It’s wise for housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.‎ D. The real reason that leads to a worse security situation in the US.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇社会生活类文章。本文叙述的是由于美国的安全形势不断恶化，人们形成了过分的防范意识并采取了过分的防范措施。‎ ‎29. C【命题意图】猜测词义题。‎ ‎ 【解题思路】根据第一段中的＂…it was our custom to leave the front door closed but not locked.＂和＂I don’t know whether that was a local one or it is universal＂(我现在不知道这是否是当时的当地习惯，也不知道这种习惯现在是否普遍存在)可知：one在此指代the custom to leave the front door closed but not locked。‎ ‎31. A【命题意图】推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第五段中的两个由who构成的问句可知：糟糕的安全形势对人们的心理的破坏是难以修复的。‎ ‎32. B【命题意图】写作意图题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据最后一段中的＂…we have all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but we have also locked ourselves in＂(人们聪明反被聪明误。人们把魔鬼锁在室外，但同时也把自己锁进囚笼里)可知：人们在确保安全上不能走极端。‎ 字数：296‎ ‎ ‎