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中考英语复习之非谓语动词已编辑可直接打印
2017年中考英语复习之非谓语动词 一、定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词) 二、动词不定式 (一).不定式的基本形式:to+V原,不定式的否定形式:not to+V原 (二)不定式的句法功能(不定式在句中能作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语) 1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末: a.It+be+名词+to do sth. b.It takes sb. some time to do sth c.It+be+形容词+of /for sb +to do sth 当形容词表示人的品质时, 用of不用for. (careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice, right,silly,stupid,wise,clever) 2.不定式作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:would like,want, hope, wish,like,decide,plan, learn, pretend, refuse,. 在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式的用法:why not do sth?=why don’t you do sth? had better (not)do sth,would rather do sth,could/would you please (not)do sth? 3.不定式作表语 Her job is to clean the hall. 4.不定式作宾语补足语 want, wish, ask, tell, help, advise,teach, allow, wait for, invite,would like,encourage后跟动词不定式作宾补; 使役动词和感官动词常用省略to的不定式作宾补,但变为被动语态时,必须加上to. (一感二听三让四看五帮助)feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,look at,see,watch,notice,help 5.不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语,应放在名词之后;不定式为不及物动词时,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。He found a good house to live in. 6.不定式常与疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。 He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go. 7.只能接不定式动词的口诀:决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事,want ∕ would like to do sth.想做某事,plan to do sth.计划做某某事, fail to do未能做某事need to do sth.需要做某事,agree to do sth.同意做某事,afford to do能做某事,be used to do被用来做,can’t wait to do迫不及待地要做某事,make up one’s mind to do下决心做某事,used to do过去常常做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事,tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事,expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事,encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事,promise sb. to do答应某人做某事,allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事,help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 三、动名词 (一)、动名词的构成:动词原形+-ing (二)、动名词的句法功能(动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语) Eating too much is bad for your health. I like playing basketball very much. Stamps are used for sending letters. His hobby is collecting stamps. She is in the reading room. (三)、常见接动名词作宾语的动词:喜欢、考虑不可免,停止、放弃大冒险,介意想象莫推延,要求完成是渴望,建议继续勤练,不禁原谅要坚持,继续注意使成功。 (enjoy,consider,avoid,stop,give up,risk,mind,imagine,put off, require,finish,look forward to, suggest,go on,practice,can’t help,excuse,insist on,keep on,pay attention to,succeed in) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事,spend...doing sth.花费…做某事,be busy doing sth.忙于做… imagine sb. doing sth.想象…做某事,can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事,feel like doing sth.想要做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事,practice doing sth. 练习做某事,miss doing sth.错过做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事,keep (on) doing sth.保持(继续)做某事,mind doing sth.介意做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事,consider doing sth.考虑做某事,be good at doing sth擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣,be used for doing sth.被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth.谢谢某人做某be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事,put off doin推迟做某事, keep/stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,give up doing sth.放弃做某事,without doing sth.没有做某事,think about doing sth.考虑做某事,What/How about doing 做某事怎么样? look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意/关注做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,prefer doing sth to doing sth.相比做…,更喜欢做… 四、分词 (一)分词的构成:现在分词的基本形式由动词+-ing构成,过去分词由动词+-ed构成。 (二)分词的句法构成:分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? Please hand in your written exercises. The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful. The boy is too frghtened to move. Don’t keep us waiting for a long time. I heard him singing in the classroom. He’ll have his hair cut after school. 现在分词作宾补,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系;过去分词作宾补,过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。 五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 1.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(事未做) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(事已做) 2.remember to do sth记住去做某事(事未做) remember doing sth记得做了某事(事已做 3.mean to do sth 打算,想做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做了某事 4.stop to do sth 停下来去做(另一件事) stop doing sth 停止做某事 5.try to do sth 尽力去做某事 try doing sth试着做某事 6.go on to do sth 接着做(另外一件事) go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做的是同一件事) 7.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 8.need to do sth需要去做某事(主语是人,表主动) need doing sth需要做某事(主语是物,表被动) 六、如何判断使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词 当句子缺少谓语时,该动词就要使用谓语动词形式(体现时态和语态); 当句子已有谓语动词且无并列连词时,该动词就用非谓语动词形式。 1Mr. Smith told his son the football match because of the exam. (2015呼和浩特) A.not to watch B.to not watch C.not watching D.doesn’t watch 2.Sarah, you’d better drink more water after for such a long time.(2015广州) A.run B.runs C.to run D.running 3.My parents didn’t allow me to the party. (2015天津) A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 4.---It’s too cold today.Would you mind the window? ---Certainly not.Go ahead.(2015安顺) A.to close B.closing C.close D.closed 5.Why not your friends for help when you are in trouble. (2015安顺) A.ask B.to ask C.asks D.asking 6.---So beautiful flowers! I can’t decide for my mom. ---For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations(康乃馨).(2015福州) A.when to chooseB .which to choose C.how to choose 7.When you leave, please turn off the lights energy. (2015泰安) A.save B.to save C.saving D.saved 8.I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest. (2015苏州) A. have B.having C. to have D. had 9.For our coming vacation, why going abroad and seeing the outside world? (2015武威) A.not consider B.to consider C.don’t think D.not think 10.---Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child? ---Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret that silly thing to my mum.(2015襄阳) A.do B.to do C.doing D.did 11.You’d bette the test paper before handing it in. A.go ahead B.go on C.go off D.go over 12.We are too tired. Let’s stop a rest. (2015益阳) A.to have B.have C.having 13.I really don’t know this question. It is too hard. (2015自贡) A.which to answer B.how to answer C.what to answer 14.I will try my best to stop my son from the same mistake.(2015重庆A/C卷) A.make B.made C.makes D.making 15.The joke was so funny that it made him again and again.(2015重庆B卷) A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughed D.laughs 16.We stopped , but there was not any sound. A.to listen B.listens C.listen D.listening 17.Neither the headmaster nor the teachers take a vacation next week. (2015呼和浩特) A.were going to B.is going to C.was going to D.are going to 18.---What would you like to have for supper? ---Either noodles or rice OK.I don’t mind. A.are B.were C.is D.was (2015安顺) 19.Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began. (2015泰安) A.is B.are C.was D.were 20.Three million a large number. You can make it . A.are; small B.is; smaller C.is; small D.are; smaller 21.---How many women doctors are there in your hospital? --- them over twenty.(2015益阳) A.A number of; are B.The number of; are C.The number of; is 22.---How many people are there in your group? ---Four. Three boys in our group this time. (2015重庆B卷) A.is B.are C.were D.was 1.---I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice? --- sharing your worries with your parents? (2016江苏泰州) A. Why don’t you B. How about C. Why not D. Would you like 2.--- Would you mind in the dining hall? --- Of course not. (2016四川宜宾) A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. smoke D. not smoke 3. Students should learn how problems. (2016四川雅安) A. solve B. solving C. can solve D. to solve 4.---Can you finish these books before 10 o’clock? ---Yes, I can. (2016四川雅安) A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading 5.My parents often tell me too much junk food because it’s bad for my health. (2016山东临沂) A. not eating B. not to eat C. eating D. to eat 6.She’s not strong enough walking up mountains. (2016浙江杭州) A. to go B. going C. go D. went 7.He lost his key.It made him in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.( 2016重庆) A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay 8. ---What about a rest? --- Let’s go for a walk. (2016湖南邵阳) A. to take B. take C. taking 9.Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best them.(2016浙江衢州) A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps 10.Our English teacher often says to us, “ English well is very important”. (2016四川内江) A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning 11.He hurried back home his schoolbag. (2016四川内江) A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches 12. --- Excuse me. Could you please tell me my car? ---Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you. (2016山东青岛) A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park 13.--- Nick,would you mind out of the bathroom? ---Sorry.I won't be long.( 2016福建福州) A. come B. to come C. coming 14. ---Why not to the park now? ---Good idea! Let’s go. (2016广东湛江) A. go B. to go C. goes D. going 15. ---Would you like camping with me? --- I’d like to. But I’m busy my homework. (2016山东滨州) A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing 16.---Why is Linlin practicing speaking English? --- abroad for further study. (2016山东泰安) A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes 17.---I’m new here. --- Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can you. (2016浙江) A. help B. to help C. invite D. to invite 18.Jack’s teacher asked him off the lights after class. (2016四川南充) A. turning B. turned C. to turn 19.When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place . (2016四川凉山) A. to live B. living in C. to live in 20.Everyone may feel time very quickly when they do something interesting.( 2016四川凉山) A. go by B. to go by C. went by 21.---I’m looking forward to my parents soon.What about you? --- Me too.( 2016四川广安) A. seeing B. see C. saw 22.Seeing their teacher into the classroom, they stopped at once. (2016湖北黄石) A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking 23.Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him smoking. ( 2016上海) A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up 24.The retired couple enjoy photos.They always go out with their cameras. ( 2016上海) A. take B. took C. to take D. taking 25. ---I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? ---I haven’t decided where . (2016山东济宁) A. go B. went C. going D. to go 26.Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates dancing with her. (2016江西) A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice 27.--- How is your grandma? ---She’s fine. She used to TV at home after supper. But now she is used to out for a walk. ( 2016湖北黄冈) A. watch; go B. watching; go C. watching; going D. watch; going 28.---Who’s the boy in white T-shir under the tree? ---My friend.(2016贵州安顺) A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing 29.He often drinks two cups of water when he comes back. (2016贵州安顺) A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils 30.Tom,would you please the box? It’s for your sister. (2016呼和浩特) A. not open B. don’t open C. not to open D. to not open 31.Jessica's parents always encourage her out her opinions. (2016辽宁鞍山) A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak 32.The Greens used to live in London and now they in Beijing. (2016江苏扬州) A. used to live B. are used to live C. are used to living D. are used for living 33. --- What are you going to do when you grow up? ---A singer, but my parents wish me a teacher. (2016江苏扬州) A. am B. to be C. will be D. be 34.Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs so that it can be reused. (2016江苏无锡) A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting 35.Paul made a nice cage the little sick bird till it could fly. (江苏苏州) A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 36.It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children down quietly. (山东济南) A. sit B. sat C. to sit D. sitting 37. All the Chinese people must work hard Chinese Dream. (2016湖南株洲) A. to realize B. realize C. realizing 38.I always tell my students on the road because it’s really dangerous.( 2016广州) A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play 39.---I didn’t hear you come in just now. --- That’s good. We tried any noise, for you were sleeping. (2016广东) A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making 40.He promised his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. (2016天津) A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see 41.Mary called and asked her husband home at once, because she locked their daughter in the home. (2016陕西) A. to leave B. leave C. go D. to go 42.--- Excuse me. Could you tell me get to the nearest post office? ---Sorry, I am new here. ( 2016山东威海) A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can 43.When I walked past the park, I saw some old people Chinese Taiji. (2016山东莱芜) A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing 44.Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, you’d better try different ways you can think of words and expressions. (2016哈尔滨) A. remember B. to remember C. remembering 45.Our teacher often tells us in the river. It’s dangerous. (2016广西贺州) A. don’t swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming 46.I'm sleepy. I prefer at home to going out for a walk. (2016江苏徐州) A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep 47.At times, parents find it difficult with their teenage children. (2016江苏淮安) A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk 48.He used to in a small village, but now he has been used to in a big city. A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living (2016湖南益阳) 49.You look too tired. Why not a rest? (2016湖南益阳) A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having 50. ---Would you mind the window? It's very hot. ---No, not at all. (2016湖南娄底) A. open B. to open C. opening 51.--- Laura enjoys story books. ---Me, too. (2016 湖南衡阳) A. reading B. read C. to read 53.How kind you are! You always do what you can others. (2016湖北十堰) A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help 54.--- What a heavy rain! --- So it is. I prefer rather thanv on such a rainy day. (2016湖北孝感) A.to go out,stay at home B.to stay at home,go out C.going out,stay at home D.staying at home,go out 55. --- Dad, why must I stop computer games? --- For your health, my boy. (2016湖北孝感) A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing 56. ---Driving less, walking more is good for our health. (2016湖北襄阳) ---So I'd rather an hour's walk to work than conside a car. A. take, drive B. take, to drive C. take, driving D. taking, driving 57. ---What did your teacher say this morning? (2016湖北随州) ---She told us make faces in class. A. to not B. not to C. do not D. didn’t 58.---Let’s play football on the playground. (2016湖北随州) ---It’s too hot outside. I would rather at home than out. A. to stay; go B. staying; going C. stay; to go D. stay; go 59.He wants to have his TV . (2016黑龙江绥化) A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair 60.Remember off the lights when you leave the room, please. (2016黑龙江绥化) A. to turn B. turning C. turn 61.---What do you usually do in the morning? ---I often practice English.(2016黑龙江) A. speak B. to speak C. speaking 62.It takes me half an hour the piano every day. (2016齐齐哈尔) A. play B. playing C. to play 63.The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand to the rich land in the south of China. A. move B. to move C. from moving (2016齐齐哈尔) 64.Animals are our close friends. We are supposedv them. (2016齐齐哈尔) A. to protect B. protecting C. protect 65.The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well. (2016齐齐哈尔) A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing 66 The children decide their school yard this Friday afternoon. (2016河北) A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 67.I found a letter on the floor when I came into the classroom. (2016广东梅州) A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies 68. ---Why are you so excited today? ---We were told a picnic this weekend.(2016江苏南京) A. have B. to have C. having D. had 69 Many old men prefer in a peaceful countryside. ( 2016甘肃白银) A. to live B. living C. live D. lived 70. ---George was heard just now. What happened? --- People was telling a joke. ( 2016甘肃白银) A. to cry B. cry C. to laugh D. laugh 71.The little boy pretended when his mother came in. ( 2016甘肃白银) A. sleeping B. asleep C. to asleep D. to be asleep 72. honest is the first thing people should learn. ( 2016甘肃白银) A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become 73.Many young people took part in trees on Tree Planting Day. (2016甘肃白银) A. planting B. plants C. to plant D. plant 74.I haven’t decided when a holiday yet. (2016 甘肃白银) A. took B. taking C. to take D take 75.Our teacher often asks us questions in groups. (2016北京) A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed 76. ---Sam, can you tell me a CD? ---Try Music World on Huangyuan Street. A. why to buy B. where to get C. How to choose D. when to record (2016浙江义乌) 77.--- Do you like Zhou Libo’s talk show? ---Yes. His talk show is very funny. It always makes people . (2016山东淄博) A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 78.The tree by your grandma grows very well. (2016广东茂名) A. planting B. is planted C. planted 79.Doctor Norman Bethune gave his life to the Chinese people. (2016广东茂名) A. help B. helping C. work 80.Dad, you have worked for three hours. Stop and have a rest, please. (2016广西贵港) A. to work B. working C. work D. works 81. --- go out for a picnic next Saturday. ---Good idea. (2016贵州铜仁) A. Why not B. How about C. Would you like to D. Let’s 82.It is reported that it would take a person 21 days a good habit. (2016贵州遵义) A. getting into B. get into C. to get into 83.What a fine day! Why not outside? (2016湖南湘西) A. having a walk B. to have a walk C. have a walk 84.Would you mind _____ basketball here? (2016湖南湘西) A. playing B. to play C. play 85.Would you mind the door? It’s quite windy outside. A. close B. closing C. to close (2016吉林) 86.My mother often tells me the teacher in class. (2016辽宁锦州) A. listen B. listen to C. to listen D. to listen to 87.The teachers asked us football on the street. (2016新疆) A. don’t play B. not play C. not to play D. to not play 88.---What senior school do you want to go, Li Hua? ---It’s hard for me a decision.(2016贵州) A. do B. to do C. make D. to make 89.Why not your teacher for help when you can’t finish the story by yourself. A. to ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; to write (2016乌鲁木齐) 90. --- Mom, I am afraid that I can’t get through the hard time we’re having now. --- My boy, be brave and tell yourself . (2016海南) A. don’t give up B. not to give up C. not give up D. to give up 91.I hope everyone can care about the environment and stop things.(2016海南) A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste 92.---Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? --- healthy, my dear.(2016黑龙江) A. To keep B. Keep C. Keeping D. Kept 93.When I was walking past his room yesterday evening, I heard him piano.(2016黑龙江) A. playing B. to play the C. playing the 94.At present, lots of people would rather in the country because there is pollution in the city. (2016江苏宿迁) A. live; more B. to live; less C. live; less D. to live; more 95.It’s dangerous a close look at the tiger in the zoo. (2016江苏宿迁) A. for us taking B. of us to take C. of us taking D. for us to take 96. --- I don’t know next. ---You’d better finish your homework first. (2016青海) A. what to do B. how to do C. when to do 97.I used to the bus, but now I am used to walking. (2016青海) A. take B. taking C. took 98.He is too heavy. He has decided some exercise to keep healthy. (2016成都) A. to take B. not to take C. take 七选五(面对面P71) New Year's Resolutions XuHui, I3, from Shanghai In 2016, I really wish that I could make friends with some boys in my class. I have many friends, but they are all girls. It will be quite cool and interesting to talk with boys and play games with them. 1 I want to improve them. Zhao Yujie, 14, from Jiangsu My biggest resolution is to volunteer more. I want to help homeless children and old people. 2 So I'm willing to do this andhope everyone around me will be happy. Li Langjing, 14, from Fujian In the new year, I want to take more trips with my friends. Especially, I hope I can go to Xinjiang and Taiwan. 3 and meanwhile,I will taste delicious snacks in Taiwan. Ma Yue, 15, from Beijing My new year's wish is to get a ticket to a Scorpions(蝎子乐队)concert. They are a Germanrock band. I love their metal music. 4 I don't want to miss it. Li Yunxiao, 15, from Zhejiang I hope that my family and I will have good health. That's the most important thing I think. Asit's my last year in junior high school, I'd like to cherish(珍惜)every moment with my classmates. 5 But I want to make sweet memories. What's more, I want to grow taller! A.They will have a concert in February. B.We can take a trip therer together. C.We may be under great pressure. D.I think it's important for us to spread laughter and warmth to others. E.In this way,I will get better scores at school. F.Also, my math and physics scores are not very good. G.I really want to climb the beautiful Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. 七选五(面对面P76) In many big cities in the world,many people think the overuse of cars is one of the major causes of air pollution. 1 Some experts think that cars in the future must be environment-friendly.They think that today’s cars are in trouble because they use too much petrol(汽油). 2 The car of tomorrow will be made without a motor or air conditioning.The tomorrow’s car will be very small,so that it only takes up very little room.needn’t have a pollution control system because it won’t use petrol. 3 Very few people will be killed in accidents,because the top speed will be very low.However,we are also warned not to ask for pretty colors,because the cars will come in grey only. 4 They are sure that people will be happier in the future.They think that all our problems will soon be solved by car companies with the production of the Supercar. 5 The Supercar will have four rooms,TVs,running water,heat,air conditioning,and maybe a swimming pool.Large families will travel on long trips comfortably.If petrol is in short supply(供应),the Supercar will run on water. A.They say the car of the future will be much,much smaller. B.Other car experts do not hold the same idea. C.What will cars be like in the future? D.The car in future will have no pollution control system. E.Tomorrow’s car will be bigger,faster,and more comfortable than before. F.In fact,this new car will be pushed by clean energy. G.Driving will be very dangerous.查看更多