高考英语名词性从句专题

高考英语名词性从句专题

第十三周　名词性从句 一、各种名词性从句的定义 ‎①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)‎ ‎②In recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(宾语从句)‎ ‎③When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从)‎ ‎④—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.‎ ‎—That's where I don't agree. You should have a more active life.(表语从句)‎ ‎1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。‎ ‎2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。‎ ‎3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。‎ ‎4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。‎ 二、that引导的名词性从句 ‎1．that引导主语从句 ‎①That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.(2014·江西)‎ ‎②It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ ‎③It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.‎ 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。‎ ‎(1)that引导主语从句位于句首时，that无意义，但是不可省略。‎ ‎(2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：‎ ‎①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, )＋that从句。‎ ‎③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, )＋that从句。‎ ‎2．that引导宾语从句 ‎①Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013·北京高考)‎ ‎②He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.‎ ‎③He has made it clear that he will not give in.‎ ‎(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎(2)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。‎ ‎3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句 ‎①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)‎ ‎②I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(同位语从句)(2012·浙江高考)‎ ‎(1)that引导表语从句时，一般不省略。‎ ‎(2)that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。‎ 三、whether/if(是否)引导名词性从句 ‎①It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2012·山东高考)‎ 在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)‎ ‎③The question is whether it is worth trying.(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎④He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.‎ 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎⑤It depends on whether you can do the work well.‎ 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。(宾语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。‎ ‎1．与or或or not连用时只能用whether ‎2．从句作介词宾语时只能用whether ‎3．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。‎ 四、who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句 ‎①It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.‎ ‎②Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012·四川高考)‎ ‎③Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(2014·福州质检)‎ ‎④It hasn't been made clear when the new underground line is to be open to traffic.(2014·皖南八校联考)‎ ‎⑤I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.(2014·开封高中模考)‎ ‎1．特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。‎ ‎2．能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。‎ ‎3．以上疑问词可引导介词宾语从句。‎ ‎4．特殊疑问词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 五、what, whever引导的名词性从句 ‎①What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.(2013·重庆高考)影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。‎ ‎②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)‎ ‎③There are various things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.(宾语从句)‎ ‎④Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)‎ ‎1．what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。‎ ‎2．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。‎ ‎3．“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎4．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。‎ 六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.‎ 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)‎ ‎②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.‎ 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)‎ ‎1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。‎ ‎2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。‎ 考点一 主语从句 ‎1．(2013·四川高考)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.‎ A．When　　　　　B．How C．What D．That 解析：选C　句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用what。‎ ‎2．(2013·陕西高考)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．whether 解析：选D　句意：这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意来判断，此处表示“是否”的意思。故选D。‎ 考点二 宾语从句 ‎3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.‎ A．which B．where C．how D．what 解析：选D　句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what。‎ ‎4．(2013·山东高考)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.‎ A．what B．whose C．which D．that 解析：选D　句意：得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真高兴。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导宾语从句，而且在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选D。‎ ‎5．(2013·湖南高考)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.‎ A．how B．that C．which D．where 解析：选A　句意：别让失败使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你离胜利有多近。及物动词tell后接宾语从句，根据句意可知空处修饰形容词close，故应用how。‎ 考点三 表语从句 ‎6．(2013·安徽高考)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ A．why B．how C．because D．whether 解析：‎ 选C　句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。此处考查的是表语从句的引导词，主要涉及because和why引导表语从句时的区别。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为“前果后因”，应用because，故选C。‎ 考点四 同位语从句 ‎7．(2013·浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.‎ A．how B．that C．which D．whether 解析：选B　空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故选B项。‎ 考点五 whever引导的名词性从句 ‎8．(2013·江西高考)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.‎ A．Whoever B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Wherever 解析：选C　句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中的one of you可知，此空要用whichever修饰one，指“你们中的任何一个人”。‎ ‎[解题技法指导]‎ 技法一：句子成分分析法 看从句是否缺少成分，不缺少成分就用that, whether/if；缺少成分就用wh类连接代词。‎ ‎(1)抓住同位语从句的特征：同位语从句通常跟hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名词之后。‎ ‎(2)that在同位语从句中不作任何语法成分；在定语从句中作主语表语或宾语。‎ ‎[典例]　(2013·北京高考)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.‎ A．That B．What C．Who D．Which ‎[分析]　考查主语从句。句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。所填词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故选B。‎ 技法二：结构分析法 近几年来，在考查名词性从句题目时，命题人有意把句子结构复杂化，如加入插入语、倒装句、强调结构、复杂从句、易混结构等。做题时，若能正确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络，就能正确理解句子含义，提高答题的速度和准确率。‎ ‎[典例]　(2012·重庆高考)Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.‎ A．why B．how C．whether D．that ‎[分析]　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的，是evidence的同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故选连词that，即D项。‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(2014·苏南五校联考)We were all surprised when she made it clear ________ she would retire soon.‎ A．whether B．that C．when D．what 解析：选B　本句中it是形式宾语，clear后的从句是真正的宾语。“________ she would retire soon”不缺少成分，所以用that引导该宾语从句。故选B项。‎ ‎2．More than 100 students have entered for the competition and ________ gains the most points will be the winner.‎ A．anyone B．the one C．that D．whoever 解析：选D　句意：100多名学生参加了竞赛，获得最高分的学生将会成为获胜者。分析句子结构可知，“________ gains the most points”为主语从句，从句中缺主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。‎ ‎3．(2014·无锡调研)________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.‎ A．That B．Why C．What D．Whether 解析：选A　句意：在中国，目前女大学毕业生找工作似乎很难。分析句子成分可知，主语从句中不缺任何成分，只缺引导词，故选A。that引导主语从句时在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。‎ ‎4．(2014·江西六校联考)—It remains to be seen ________ the plan can be put into practice.‎ ‎—It depends on your determination.‎ A．whether B．where C．how D．that 解析：选A　第一句中的It为形式主语，代替后面的主语从句。根据句意可知，空处表示“是否”，故选whether。‎ ‎5．(2014·淮安高三模拟)—I serve Jim three meals every day and do almost everything for him, but he still fails me.‎ ‎—I'm sorry to say that's ________ you are mistaken.‎ A．how B．why C．what D．where 解析：选D　根据答句句意“很遗憾，那正是你出错的地方”可知答案为D项。‎ ‎6．—I wonder ________ so many people are crazy about Gangnam Style.‎ ‎—It's good for bodybuilding, and it brings people a lot of fun, you know.‎ A．how B．where C．why D．that 解析：选C　句意：“我想知道为什么这么多人热衷于《江南Style》。”“你知道，它有利于健身，而且给人们带来了很多乐趣。”根据句意可知，应用why引导宾语从句。‎ ‎7．(2014·九江模考)________ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ________ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.‎ A．What; whom B．What; whose C．It; whose D．As; whom 解析：选A　分析句子成分后可知，“________ is surprising to us”是主语从句，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故第一空用what；“for ________ English was once boring”是非限制性定语从句修饰Tom，表示“曾经，对于Tom来说，英语非常枯燥”，此空作for的宾语，故第二空用whom。‎ ‎8．(2014·湖南十校联考)Life is like a cup, and it's up to you to decide ________ it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.‎ A．how B．why C．that D．whether 解析：选D　句意：生活就像一个杯子，是饮水杯还是刷牙杯由你来决定。whether与or连用，意为“无论……还是……”。‎ ‎9．—Are you in favour of Tom's suggestion ________ we work around the clock to meet the deadline?‎ ‎—No. But ________ Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical.‎ A．which; what B．that; that C．which; that D．that; what 解析：选D　前一句的suggestion后的从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，是同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，因此用that引导。答语中含有一个主语从句，从句的谓语动词suggested后需要接宾语，所以用连接代词what。‎ ‎10．(2014·河南调研)As many as ten courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.‎ A．whatever B．whichever C．however D．wherever 解析：选B　后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，排除C、D两项。前句中已出现了courses，后面应选择表示特定范围的whichever。‎