高考英语讲义 特殊句式

高考英语讲义 特殊句式

‎ 高考英语讲义 教学目的 了解倒装、强调句、反义疑问句、主谓一致、省略、it用法 上课时间 上课时长 上课内容 特殊句式 课次 一． 倒装 1. 全部倒装（将整个谓语部分放在主语之前）‎ （1） 在there be 句型中（其中be还可以换成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，lie，exist，come等动词），要全部倒装 Long long ago，there lived a king who liked horses very much.‎ There are many people dancing in the square.‎ There seems to have a concert in the hall tomorrow.‎ There lies a snake along the lake.‎ （2） such 放句首，句子全部倒装(注意主谓一致，以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复）‎ Such was his life then. Such is what he wants. Such were her books.‎ （3） 以there，here，now，then，thus等引导的句子中，谓语动词常为be，come，go等，句子全部倒装 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. ‎ Then came a new difficult question. There rings the telephone.‎ （4） 以down，up，out，away等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时，句子全部倒装 ‎ (人称代词出现时，句子不倒装）‎ Up went the arrow into the sky. In came the teacher. Away ran the dog.‎ Out rushed the people from their house when the earthquake happened.‎ ‎ In she came. Here you are. Out it ran. (人称代词出现，不倒装）‎ （5） 表地点的介词短语放在句首，句子要用倒装 In the classroom stays a girl.‎ On the desk lies a book.‎ 2. 部分倒装（将谓语中的助动词，情态动词，be动词放在主语之前）‎ （1） only+状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）放在句首，谓语动词部分倒装 Only then did I realize the importance of English.‎ Only in this way can you solve the problem.‎ Only when I came into the house did I recognize the man.‎ 注：only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装 Only you can finish the work.‎ （2） so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，句子部分倒装 So did I（我也是）和so he does（他确实是）的判断方法 ‎〈1〉判断原句正负（肯定为正，否定为负）‎ 原句为正用so开头，原句为负用neither或nor开头 ‎〈2〉判断原句的be/助动词/情态动词（根据时态和人称确定）‎ ‎〈3〉看人称所指一致不一致 人称所指一致，用正序；人称所指不一致用倒序 ‎〈4〉如果出现第三个人和前面两人的情况相同时，用it is the same with sb.‎ 如果两者情况都相同时，并且原句为否定，则省略句还可用： 主语 be/助动词/情态动词+either.‎ ‎ I went there yesterday, so did he.我昨天去那里了，他也去了。‎ ‎— —Tom is a good student. ‎ ‎— —So he is.(强调他的却是）‎ She never went to Beijing. Neither did I.（强调我也没去过）‎ （3） 否定副词或短语放在句首，句子部分倒装 Never，no，hardly，scarcely，barely，seldom，little，not，few, nowhere，rarely，in no time，by no means，in no case，under/ in no circumstances等 Not a single mistake did I make.‎ Never before have I seen such a moving film. ‎ Seldom does he get up early.‎ （4） 复合句型的倒装 ‎〈1〉Not until提前主倒从不倒 陈述语序：We did not have supper until he returned home.‎ 倒装语序：Not until he returned home did we have supper.‎ ‎〈2〉no sooner……than……/ Hardly……when…… （ 一……就）‎ No sooner +句子部分倒装（过去完成时）than+句子（一般过去时）‎ Hardly+句子部分倒装（过去完成时）when+句子（一般过去时）‎ No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in.‎ Hadly had we arrive home then the telephone rang.‎ No sooner had he pick up the paper than the owner reached and ask for it.‎ ‎〈3〉not only……but also……（不但……而且……） 前倒后不倒 Not only was he forced to stay at home,but also he had to do his homework.‎ Not only has he arrived the destination,but also he prepared a table of delicious food for us.‎ ‎〈4〉so……that……（如此……以至于……） 前倒后不到 ‎ So + 形容词 + be + 主语 that……‎ ‎ So + 副词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 实意动词 that……‎ So clearly does he speak that we all understand what he says.‎ So fast did he run that we cannot go with him.‎ So fast did he ride the motorbike when he turn around the corner that he fell down heavily.‎ ‎〈5〉让步状语从句中，从句部分倒装 句型 例句 名词+as/though +主 系 ‎, 主句 ‎ Child as he is , he knows a lot.‎ 形容词+as/ though+主 系 Young as he is，he finishes it easily.‎ 副词+as/though+主 谓 Hard as he had worked，he failed the exam.‎ 动词原形+as/though+主 助 Try as he did，he failed.‎ 上述句子都可以换成用although 或but 引导的让步状语从句（陈述句式）：‎ Although he is a child, he knows a lot.‎ Although he is young, he finishes it easily.‎ Although he had worked hard, he failed the exam.‎ He tried,but he failed.‎ 二、 强调句型 ‎1. 类型和结构 类型 结构 例句 肯定 It is/was +被强调部分+that / who+ 其他成分 It is my father who always gives me money.‎ 一般疑问句 Is/was it +被强调部分+that / who +其他成分 Was it your sister who helped you？‎ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is/was+it that+其他成分 Where was it that they bought the bike？‎ What was it that made the result changed?‎ 其他 It might be +被强调部分+that+其他 It must have been +被强调部分+that+其他 It might be Tom who broke the window.‎ It must have been Tom who broke the window last night.‎ ‎2. Not until 的强调句型 He did not go to bed until 11o’clock.‎ It was not until 11 o’clock that he went to bed.‎ 比较：陈述句式：He did not go to bed until his mother came back.‎ ‎ 倒装句式：Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.‎ ‎ 强调句式：It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.‎ 3. 谓语动词的强调 Do/does/did+动词原形，可以用来强调谓语动词表示“的却，确实”‎ I do hope you will stay to lunch.‎ He did attend the meeting.‎ ‎4、强调句和其他句型的区别：‎ ‎（1）强调句和主语从句的区别：‎ It is there that accidents often happens.‎ It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.‎ ‎（2）强调句和定语从句的区别 It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.‎ It is a question that needs carefully consideration.‎ ‎（3）强调句和状语从句的区别：‎ It was at 6:00 that I got up today.‎ It was 6:00 when I get up.‎ It was two years ago that I began to learn English.‎ It was two years since I began to learn English.‎ It was two years before he came back from abroad.‎ It was two years later that he came back from abroad.‎ 三、 反意疑问句 ‎ 1、 做反意疑问句的步骤 （1） 判断陈述部分的正负（正为肯定，负为否定认识否定词）‎ 否定词：seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no, scarcely，barely，little，not，nowhere，rarely，in no time，by no means，in no case，under/ in no circumstances （2） 判断陈述部分需要用的代词 （3） 反意部分为：be/助动词/情态动词+人称（根据前肯后否，前否后肯的原则）‎ Lucy is a good student, isn’t she?‎ I am the first one to come to school, aren’t I?‎ ‎2、反意疑问句的类型 ‎（1）陈述部分含有must 的反意疑问句 ‎①当must为“必须”时，其反意部分用needn’t，当含有mustn’t（不允许，禁止）时，反意部分用must/may.‎ You must go now, needn’t you?‎ You mustn’t smoke here, must you/ may you?‎ ‎②当must表推测，为“一定，准是”时 ‎ (对现在的推测) must be,反意部分用be(am/is/are)+n’t+人称代词 ‎ He must be at home, isn’t he?‎ You must be hungry now, aren’t you?‎ ‎(对过去的推测) 肯定用must have done 否定用can’t have done ‎ 有时间状语 反意部分用did/didn’t +人称代词 ‎ 反意部分,分两种情况： You must have watched that football match last night, didn’t you?‎ ‎ 无时间状语 反意部分用have/has（n’t）+人称代词 ‎ You must have heard about it,haven’t you?‎ ‎(2) 陈述部分有used to 的反意疑问句，反意部分用usedn’t / didn’t +人称代词 You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn’t you?‎ ‎(3) 陈述部分有ought to 的反意疑问句 He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t /shouldn’t he? (4) 陈述部分有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody，nowhere， no，none，none of，neither，nor等否定或半否定词，反意部分用肯定形式。‎ He could hardly walk without a stick, could he ?‎ ‎(5) 陈述部分含有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词（unsatisfied，uncertain，impossible，irregular，unhappy, discover,unsuccessful, unfamiliar的反意疑问句，反意部分用否定形式。‎ ‎ My sister is unhappy with her position, isn’t she?‎ ‎ Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn’t he?‎ (6) 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 一般含有从句的反义疑问句，只需要需要看主句的谓语动词，和人称 当主句中含有否定转移的词think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine时，前肯后否，前否后肯 ① 主语为第一人称，反意部分看从句的助动词和人称代词 My mother and I thought the girl was right, wasn’t she?‎ I don’t believe he will succed, will he?‎ ② 主语为第二三人称，反意部分看主句的助动词和人称代词 He never thinks the building can be finished this year, does he?‎ You seldom know what is the real goal of this action, do you?‎ ‎(7)祈使句的反意疑问句，不表反意，只表示一种语气 Let us go，will you?‎ Let’s go, shall we?‎ Don't smoke here, will you?‎ Run quickly, won’t you/ will you?‎ ‎(8)反意问句的回答 要么肯定，要么否定 不能出现yes，I don’t. No ,I do. 应该用：Yes，he is. No, he isn’t.‎ (9) 反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称和数上保持一致 陈述部分主语 反意疑问句主语 例句 one（指人）‎ one或he One can't be careful enough，can he/one？‎ this, that, these, those it/they This isn’t a fast train,is it?‎ everything, anything,‎ something,nothing it Nothing happened to him, did it?‎ Something has gone wrong with this machine, hasn’t it?‎ everybody, ‎ everyone,someone, somebody, ‎ no one, nobody, anybody, anyone ‎ he 或 they Everybody agreed to the plan, didn’t they?‎ Nobody likes to be laughed at, doesn’t they/don’t they?‎ 不定式/动名词/其他短语 It Learning English well takes a lot of time, doesn’t it?‎ There be句型 be/情态动词/助动词+there There is no doubt about it, is there?‎ There used to be a church here, didn’t/ usedn’t there?‎ There will be rain tomorrow, won’t there?‎ There should be no problem, should there?‎ 四、主谓一致（语法一致，意义一致，就近原则）‎ ‎（一）、并列主语的主谓一致 （1） 由and连接两个名词或代词做主语，即A and B，可分为三种情况：‎ ‎①A和B表示不同的人，物或者概念，谓语动词要用复数形式：‎ Tom and Jack were close friends last year.‎ The doctor and the nurse should always help the sick people.‎ ‎②A和B表示同一人，物和概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式：‎ Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.‎ Knife and fork is useful in dinner.‎ Bread and butter is nutritious.‎ The doctor and nurse is helping the poor people in the village.‎ ‎③A和B之前有each，every，many a，no等修饰语时，谓语动词要用单数，B前的限定词可省略 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.‎ Many a man and woman likes eating something delicious.‎ （2） 由or，nor，either……or……，neither……nor……，not……but……，not only……but ‎ also……，连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数要和它临近的主语的数保持一致 One or two friends are coming this evening.‎ Neither he nor I am going to be in charge of this program.‎ （3） 如果主语后有with，along with，together with，but，expect，like，in addition to， including，besides，as well as，as much as，around, rather than，more than等引起的短语，用就远原则 An expert, as well as some assistants,was sent to help this work.‎ Tom along with his friends goes skating on Sundays.‎ 注：there be 句型也用就近原则 There is a desk in the room，but there are no chairs in it.‎ ‎（二）、单一主语的主谓一致 ‎1、以s结尾的名词的主谓一致 （1） 以s结尾的专有名词做主语的主谓一致 ‎①国名，书名，报纸名，剧名：the United States，The United Nations, The New York Times，The Arabian Nights做主语，谓语动词用单数 ‎②如果群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等地理名词做主语，谓语动词用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.‎ （2） 以ics结尾的学科名词physics，maths，politics，means, news等做主语，谓语动词用单数 Maths is an interesting subject. Every means has been tried.‎ （3） 以s结尾的由两部分组成的工具，衣服，等做主语，谓语动词用复数 Trousers裤子 pants 短裤 goods 货物 shoes鞋子 glasses眼睛 clothes 衣服 如果这些词由a pair(suit, piece, series, kind) of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数 My glasses are new. John’s trousers are black.‎ There is a pair of shoes under the chair. A piece of chalk can be used to write words.‎ 如果pair，suit，piece，series，kind为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。‎ Two pairs of shoes are on the shelf, please pass me them.‎ 2、 动名词，不定式，从句做主语，谓语动词用单数 （1） 由what引导的主语从句做主语，应根据意义一致原则来决定位于动词的单复数 What they need is money. What they need are some books.‎ （2） 不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数 To walk in the new street is exciting. Reading is helpful to us.‎ （3） 由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词做主语，表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。‎ To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.‎ To live and to work are two different things.‎ （4） 关系代词who，that，which在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词应与句中的先行词一致 Those who want to go should put hands up.‎ Li Hua is one of the students who have passed the test.‎ Li Hua is only one of the students who has passed the test.‎ Either you or I, who am the leader of the program should give a much better plan for this stage.‎ ‎（三）、集体名词做主语的主谓一致 （1） group，family，army，enemy，government，等做主语，‎ 如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数； 强调个体，谓语动词用复数 My family is a large and good family. The family are on holiday in Europe.‎ （2） cattle，police，people，folk，youth，majority，public做主语，谓语动词用复数 The police are searching for the thief. The majority are on Tom’s side.‎ （3） equipment，furniture，jewelry， clothing，machinery不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 The furniture he bought was out of fashion.‎ The equipment of taking photos was expensive.‎ ‎（四）、代词做主语的主谓一致 （1） 由either，neither，each，one，another，the other，anybody，anything，anyone，nothing，nobody，no one，something，someone，somebody，everything，everyone，little，much等做主语谓语动词用单数 Each of the books costs five yuan. Somebody is using the phone.‎ （2） all 做主语时，指整体概念，表示一切，谓语动词用单数；若指具体的人或者物时，谓语动词用复数 All has been tried. All that we want is to be calm.‎ All that glitters is not gold. All that we want are some books.‎ （3） None（how many/ how much的回答）做主语指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；指代可数名词时，谓语动词用单数或复数 Is there any milk in the glass？ No，there is none.‎ None of them has / have arrived.‎ （4） both，few，a few，many，several做主语或+名词复数，谓语动词用复数 Both of the instruments are not accurate.‎ （5） 其他 ‎①分数、百分数 + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词复数 ‎ ‎ 不可数名词 + 谓语动词单数 Two thirds of the youth support the plan.‎ Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.‎ ‎② a lot of / lots of, ‎ ‎ plenty of, ‎ ‎ half of, + 可数名词复数+谓语动词复数 ‎ all of, + 不可数名词+谓语动词单数 ‎ most of,‎ ‎ the rest of,‎ ‎ some of ‎ ‎③ a great deal of, a large amount of, amounts of + 不可数名词+ 谓语动词单数 ‎④ several，a few, quite a few, a great many(of), a number of + 名词复数 + 谓语动词复数 ‎⑤ kind，form，type，sort，species，portion，series，quantity of + 名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的单复数 ‎ A large quantity of water is in the river. Large quantities of water flow into the river.‎ ‎⑥ “一两个”one or two + 名词复数+谓语动词复数 ‎ A +名词单数+or two + 谓语动词单数 ‎⑦more than one + 名词单数+谓语动词单数 ‎ More + 名词复数+than one +谓语动词单数 ‎⑧ a number of + 名词复数 + 谓语动词复数/ the number of + 名词复数 + 谓语动词单数 ‎⑨ 时间，重量，距离，价值，体积，长度等名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数 Twenty years is a period of short time in history.‎ ‎⑩ many a +名词单数 + 谓语动词单数 ‎ ‎ the + 形容词（表一类人）做主语 + 谓语动词复数 ‎⑾有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数. ‎ ‎ A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词复数+单数动词.‎ A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.‎ The population of China is 1.4 billion.‎ Two thirds of the population in the village live in a happy life.‎ 五、it的用法 1. It 为代词时，1）指代天气、星期、价值、数量、长度、距离、金钱、季节、时间等人以外的事物。‎ ‎ 2）不知性别的婴儿、小孩、不明身份的人 ‎ 3）代替上文提到的事、物 2. 句型：It's very kind of you. 你人真好 ‎ Make it / I can make it. 成功、实现、完成 ‎ it's over. 完了。‎ ‎ I can’t help it. 我没办法了。‎ ‎ It occurs to sb. that 从句　　　 某人突然想到……‎ ‎ It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth　　　花费某人多长时间来干某事 ‎ It is the first time that 从句（现完）‎ ‎ It was the first/ second time that从句（过完）‎ ‎ It’s high time for sb. to do sth 该是做……的时候了（虚拟语气）‎ ‎ 强调句 It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 从句 3. 形式主语 It remains to see/ it seems/ looks /appears /happens that从句 ‎ It remains to be seen whether the newly founded committee’s policy can be put into practice. ‎ 4. 形式宾语 have /feel/ find /make it +形容词（difficult/ easy/possible等）+to do sth.或从句 ‎ I found it difficult to learn English well.‎ 5. it 的几种易考、易混句型 ‎（1）It be +段时间+since从句 主句一般现在，从句一般过去 It has been two months since we met last.‎ ‎（2）It be +时间（long,years,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)+before 从句 ‎ 意为：过多长时间，才……‎ ‎ be 动词为was ，before后用一般过去，be动词为will be，before后用一般现在.‎ ‎　　It was the only several days before he realized the truth that he has been affected with.‎ ‎（3）It be + 时间（具体的时间） + when 从句（一般现在时） ‎ be动词为will be，从句一般现在时。‎ It will be 6:00 when we get there.‎ 主谓一致练习 ‎1. Neither of them ______ going to the cinema. Both of them _____ going to the cinema.‎ A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is ‎2. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this.‎ A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were ‎3. A number of students ____ gone for an outing. The number of the students ______ increasing year. ‎ ‎ A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is ‎ ‎4. Some of the oranges ______ turned bad. Some of the milk _______ turned sour (酸).‎ A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is ‎ ‎5. Each student -____ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each ____ a dictionary.‎ A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has ‎6. There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.‎ A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is ‎ ‎7. Either the judge or the lawvers ________ wrong. Either you or he _______ to blame.‎ A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is ‎ ‎8. His family ______ all very well. His family _______ a “ five good” one.‎ A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are ‎9. My blue trousers ______ worn out. One pair of trousers ______ not enough.‎ A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is ‎ ‎10. Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.‎ A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are ‎11. The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised at Mary’s answer.‎ A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were ‎12. Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there?‎ A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is www.ks5u.com ‎13. Most of the students _____ boys. Most of his money _____ spent on books.‎ A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are ‎14. The policeman ______ standing at the street corner. The police _____ searching for him.‎ A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is ‎ ‎15. The glasses ______ mine. That pair of glasses _____ my brother’s.‎ A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is ‎ ‎16. The news at six o’clock _____ not true. Those pieces of news _____ to be broadcasted.‎ A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is ‎ ‎17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, ____ taking a walk in the park now. ‎ A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is ‎ ‎18. No one but Jane ______ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ___ in the classroom at that time.‎ A. know; was B. knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were ‎19. There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _____ something wrong with the machine.‎ A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are ‎20. He is one of the boys who _____ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _____ never late for school.‎ A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is ‎ ‎21. What they have done ______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does ___ agree.‎ A. is; not B. is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not ‎22. Every picture except these two _______. Everything around us _____ matter.‎ A. have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are ‎23. A woman with two children ______ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, ___ moved to Paris.‎ A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has ‎24. one sixth of our classmates _____ from peasant families. One fifth of her time ____ devoted to writing.‎ A. comes; is B. come; are C. come; is D. comes; are ‎25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _____ League members. About 40% of Jim’s income ________ to the rent (租金). ‎ A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go ‎26. It is this teacher who ______ leaving for London. It is you who ____ next. ‎ A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is ‎27. The population of the earth _____ increasing fast. One third of the population here _____ workers.‎ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are ‎28. This kind of snakes _____ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _____ hard to find.‎ A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are ‎29. Half of the visitors _____ from Europe. Half of the fruit _____ bad.‎ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are ‎30. Every man worker and every woman worker _____ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present. ‎ A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are ‎31. Many a man ______ seen the wonderful film. Many men _____ seen the wonderful film.‎ A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have ‎32. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.‎ A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are ‎33. Such _____Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such _____ her words.‎ A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was ‎34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _____ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.‎ A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are ‎35. If anybody _____, ask him to wait. _____ there anything I can do for you?‎ A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is ‎36. Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.‎ A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are ‎37. Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _____ done to against fight pollution.‎ A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been ‎38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _____standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which ____ Taiwan.‎ A. is; are B. is ; is C. are; is D. are; are ‎39. Each of the girls ____ an orange. Each ______ his duty.‎ A. have; has B. have; have C. has; has D. has; have ‎40. When we are to hold the sports meet ____ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter.‎ A. have; don’t B. has; don’t C. have; doesn’t D. has; does’t ‎ 答案：1—5 ACDAB   6—10ABADD   11—15CCACA   16—20CDBAD ‎21—25BCACA  26—30BACCC  31—35BCBAD   36—40CCBCD