牛津译林七年级上册词汇专题梳理

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牛津译林七年级上册词汇专题梳理

牛津译林七年级上册词汇专题梳理 知识点:词汇 Part 1: 词性转换 ‎1.名词 ‎◆【典型例题】‎ ‎1. _________ (child)Day is on June the first.‎ ‎2. _________ (teacher)Day is coming. Let’s buy some presents for our English teacher.‎ ‎3. The story is about a lazy cat and some clever ________(mouse)‎ ‎4. There are some _________ (tomato) on the table. ‎ ‎5. There is some _________ (tomato)juice on the table. ‎ ‎ 1.1 名词单数变复数的规则变化与不规则变化 ‎ (1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 ‎ 1. 一般在词尾加-s: books, cats, dogs, beds ‎ ‎ 2. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的, 改 y为 i, 再加-es; ‎ ‎ 以元音字母+y 结尾,直接加s;key-keys, story-stories, city-cities ‎ ‎ 3. o结尾的词,有生命加es, 无生命加s。 ‎ ‎ 4. 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的在词尾加-es: glasses, boxes, watches, brushes ‎ ‎ 5. 以f, fe 结尾的词, 改f, fe 为v, 再加-es: knife-knives, leaf-leaves, life-lives ‎ (2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 ‎ (1)单复数同形 ‎ (2)改变中间元音 ‎ (3)改变词尾 ‎ ‎ 1.2复数名词的所有格形式 ‎ (1)如果是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加 ’ ‎ ‎ (2)如果名词的复数形式不是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是直接加 ’s ‎ (3)如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加 ’s ‎ (4)如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时,它的所有格是在两个名后都加上 ‘s ‎2.形容词与副词 ‎◆【典型例题】‎ 1. It is raining ___________ (heavy) outside.‎ ‎2. Which pencil box is__________(big) , the red one or the blue one?‎ ‎3. Look, Jenny is dancing. She dances ________ (good).‎ ‎4. Your idea sounds ________ (wonderfully).‎ ‎ 2.1 形容词与副词的转换 ‎ 一般:形容词+ly,少数词去e加ly(true--truly)‎ ‎ 二般:以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加ly ‎ 三特:不规则动词 fast---fast ‎ early---early good---- well high---high ‎ late --- late hard----hard ‎ 2.2 形容词与副词的比较级 ‎ 规则变化:‎ 构成 原级 比较级 一般加-er,-est tall 高的 fast快地 taller更高的 faster更快地 e结尾直接加-r,-st late晚的 later更晚的 辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写再加-er, -est big大的 bigger 更大的 thin瘦的 thinner更瘦的 辅音字母+y结尾,y改为i,再加-er,-est ‎ dirty脏的 heavy重的 dirtier更脏的 heavier更重的 多音节和部分双音节词,在前面加more,most interesting 有趣的 slowly慢地 more interesting更有趣的 more slowly更慢地 ‎ 不规则变化:‎ 原级 比较级 good好的/well 好地;身体好的 better bad坏的/ill病的/badly 坏地;严重地 worse much/many 多的 more far 远的 farther/further little少的 less old老的,旧的 older/elder 3. 基数词与序数词的转换 ‎ ‎◆【典型例题】‎ ‎1. Today is the __________(four) day of a week in English. It's ___________.‎ ‎2. ___________is the __________month in a year. (five)‎ ‎3. I live on the _________(nine)floor.‎ ‎4. Where do you live? I live in Building_________( eleven), the_______ floor (three).‎ 规律:1.2.3特殊记;8去t, 9去e;ve要用f替 ‎ 见y变成i和e, 词尾再加th ‎ 若是遇上几十几,只变个位就可以 基数 序数 基数 序数 基数 序数 ‎1‎ one first ‎11‎ eleven eleventh ‎30‎ thirty thirtieth ‎2‎ two second ‎12‎ twelve twelfth ‎40‎ forty fortieth ‎3‎ three third ‎13‎ thirteen thirteenth ‎50‎ fifty fiftieth ‎4‎ four fourth ‎14‎ fourteen fourteenth ‎60‎ sixty sixtieth ‎5‎ five fifth ‎15‎ fifteen fifteenth ‎70‎ seventy seventieth ‎6‎ six sixth ‎16‎ sixteen sixteenth ‎80‎ eighty eightieth ‎7‎ seven seventh ‎17‎ seventeen seventeenth ‎90‎ ninety ninetieth ‎8‎ eight eighth ‎18‎ eighteen eighteenth ‎100‎ one hundred one hundredth ‎9‎ nine ninth ‎19‎ nineteen nineteenth ‎10‎ ten tenth ‎20‎ twenty twentieth ‎ 23‎ ‎ twenty-three ‎ twenty-third ‎4.名词变形容词 ‎◆【典型例题】‎ ‎1. Peter is always ________ (friend) to me.‎ ‎2. After a heavy rain, the weather became __________(sun)again.‎ ‎3. I like eating ___________(China)food.‎ ‎4. Sport lovers likes playing ____________(Australia)football.‎ ‎5. _______ (fool)people can’t see them.‎ ‎(1)名词加-y构成形容词 rain (雨水) →rainy (多雨的)  ‎ wind (风) →windy (多风的,风大的) ‎ cloud (云) →cloudy (多云的,阴天的)  ‎ snow (雪)→ snowy (多雪的) ‎ sun (太阳)→ sunny (多阳光的,明朗的) ‎ ‎【注】sunny双写 luck (运气)→ lucky (幸运的)  ‎ health (健康) →healthy (健康的)  ‎ noise (嘈杂声) →noisy (嘈杂的,喧闹的) ‎ ‎【注】noise去e ‎(2)名词加-ful构成形容词,表示肯定.如:‎ use (使用) →useful (有用的,有益的)  ‎ help (帮助) →helpful 有益的) ‎ care (关心,小心) →careful (小心的,仔细的)  ‎ wonder (惊奇,感到奇怪) →wonderful (极好的) ‎ color (颜色) →colorful (彩色的;色彩艳丽的)  ‎ thank →thankful (感激的,欣赏的) ‎ beauty (美丽) →beautiful (美丽的) ‎ ‎【注】把-y变成-i,再加-ful ‎(3)名词加-less构成形容词,表示否定.如:‎ use (用处) →useless (无用的)  ‎ care (关心,小心) →careless (粗心的) ‎ harm (伤害,损害)→ harmless (无害的)  ‎ help (帮助) →helpless (无能的,无用的) ‎ ‎(4)名词加-ly构成形容词.如:‎ friend (朋友) →friendly (友好的)  ‎ love (爱) →lovely (可爱的) ‎ month (月份) →monthly (每月的)  ‎ live (生活,居住) →lively (充满生气的) ‎ day (天) →daily (每日的) ‎ ‎(5)在有些国名后加上-ese构成形容词,表示“……国的”.如:‎ China (中国) →Chinese (中国的) ‎ Japan (日本) →Japanese (日本的) ‎ ‎(6)在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-n构成形容词.例如:‎ Asia(亚洲)→Asian (亚洲的) ‎ America (美国) →American (美国的) ‎ Australia (澳大利亚) →Australian (澳大利亚的) ‎ ‎(7)在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词.如:‎ danger (危险) →dangerous (危险的)  ‎ fame (名声,名望) →famous (著名的) ‎ ‎[特别提醒:别忘了去掉e] ‎ ‎(8)在某些名词后加-ish构成形容词.如:‎ fool(傻瓜)→ foolish(愚蠢的)  ‎ Spain(西班牙)→ Spanish(西班牙的)‎ ‎5.动词变名词 ‎◆【典型例题】‎ 1. They are women ___________(drive).‎ 2. Many __________(visit)come to visit the Great Wall.‎ 3. ‎___________(dance)makes people beautiful and healthy.‎ 4. ‎___________ (read)is a good habit.‎ 5. I want to be an __________(art). It’s my dream.‎ ‎ 5.1 动词词尾+er/ or-------名词(人)‎ work—worker teach—teacher sing—singer play—player wait—waiter jump—jumper visit—visitor invent—inventor ‎【注意】‎ (1) 以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r。‎ 例如:drive—driver, write—writer, dance—dancer等。‎ ‎(2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er。‎ 例如:run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等。 ‎ ‎ 5.2 动词词尾+ing,动名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)‎ build—building wait—waiting wash—washing swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning meet—meeting dance—dancing ‎6.人称代词主宾格、形容词性物主代词 ‎◆【典型例题】‎ 1. Thanks for helping ________( I ). ‎ ‎2. ________(Ann) mother is ______(we) teacher.‎ ‎3. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. ‎ ‎4. She teaches ___________(we)Math.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 数 ‎ 人称 种类 ‎ 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I you he; she; it we you they 宾格 me you him; her; it us you them 形容词性物主代词 my your her;his;its our your their 人称代词的基本用法 ‎(1)主格在句子中作主语 I’m a student. 我是学生。‎ ‎(2)宾格在句子中作宾语(用于动词和介词的后面)或表语 ‎ We can help them. 我们能帮助他们。(作动词宾语)‎ ‎ It’s a present for me. 这是给我的礼物。(作介词宾语)‎ ‎ --- Who’s that? --- It’s me. 是谁呀?是我。(作表语)‎ ‎(3)形容词性物主代词只能作定语用,放在名词前,不能单独使用 ‎ His sister is a nurse. 他的姐姐是一名护士。‎ Part 2: 时态语态转换 ‎◆【典型例题】‎ 1. Jenny often _________(go) to school on foot?‎ 2. My uncle _____________(come) to see us five hours ago.‎ 3. There ___________(be) a book on the desk tomorrow.‎ 4. Look, the boys _______________(clean)the classroom.‎ 5. Look at the black clouds. It ________________(rain)soon.‎ 定义 时间状语或标志性词 动词变化 一般现在时 表示习惯性的动作或状态 always ‎ often usually ‎ sometimes never ‎ everyday once a week twice a month (1) 一般情况:词尾+s want-wants like-likes (2) 以-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o结尾:词尾+es catch-catches (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i,再加-es ‎ study-studies carry-carries ‎(4)have----has 一般过去时 过去发生的动作或状态 last holiday上一个假期 two days ago两天之前 yesterday the day before yesterday just now ‎(1)一般情况:词尾+ed ‎ walk-walked ‎ ‎(2)以不发音字母e结尾:词尾+d ‎ live-lived ‎ ‎(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i,再加-ed ‎ cry-cried try-tried ‎(4)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写词尾+ed ‎ shop-shopped stop-stopped 现在进行时 正在发生的动作 now look listen at the moment at this time ‎(1)一般情况:词尾+ing read-reading fly-flying ‎(2)以不发音字母e结尾:去e,再加-ing ‎ make-making come-coming ‎(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写词尾+ing swim-swimming run-running ‎(4)ie结尾变成y,再把ing加。‎ ‎ die-dying lie-lying 一般将来时 将来某个时刻发生的动作或状态 next Sunday下一个周日 in two hours两小时之后 tomorrow明天 the day after tomorrow 后天 ‎(1)will +动词原形 ‎(2)be going to +动词原形 ‎【例题精讲】‎ 一.词汇 A) 根据句意或括号中的中文提示。英文提示,写出句中所缺的单词,使句子通顺。‎ ‎1. We students often visit Nantong Gity ________(博物馆)during our summer holidays.‎ ‎【参考答案】Museum ‎【考查内容】名词 ‎【难度等级】中 ‎【思路解析】专有名词首字母要大写。‎ ‎2. Mary is a good swimmer.She often wins in swimming________ (比赛).‎ ‎【参考答案】matches ‎【考查内容】名词 ‎【难度等级】中 ‎【思路解析】她赢了不止一场比赛,可数名词要注意单复数。‎ ‎3.It’s too cold outside.There are very ________ (not many) peole taking a walk in the park now.‎ ‎【参考答案】few ‎【考查内容】形容词 ‎【难度等级】难 ‎【思路解析】not many不多,所以用very few people,表示很少人。‎ ‎4.He enjoys reading and usually________( take other people's things and give them back later )books from the school library.‎ ‎【参考答案】borrows ‎【考查内容】动词 ‎【难度等级】中 ‎【思路解析】borrow..from 从……借……,注.意主语是第三人称单数。‎ ‎5.Sandy dreams of being a doctor and now she is working hard to make it come________.‎ ‎【参考答案】true ‎【考查内容】动词短语 ‎【难度等级】中 ‎【思路解析】dream comes true,固定搭配:实现梦想 B)用所给词的适当形式填空 one meet play they real ‎1.I'm ________ sorry to tell you that I can't go to your birthday party.‎ ‎【参考答案】really ‎【考查内容】副词 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】副词really修饰形容词sorry,表示真的很抱歉。‎ ‎2.---What time dees the class ________begin?‎ ‎---At 3p.m.‎ ‎【参考答案】meeting ‎【考查内容】名词 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】class meeting是班会的意思。‎ ‎3.---Does Miss Yang teach ________Chinese?‎ ‎---No,their Chinese teacher is Miss Chen.‎ ‎【参考答案】them ‎【考查内容】动宾结构 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】teach sb. sth.教某人……,teach是动词后跟代词,代词要用宾格形式。‎ ‎4.Millie gets up early in the morning and is always the ________to get to school every day.‎ ‎【参考答案】first ‎【考查内容】序数词 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】the first to get to school意思是第一个到学校的。‎ ‎5.---Are these caps on the table yours?‎ ‎---No. they are the ________.They are playing footbali on the playground.‎ ‎【参考答案】players’‎ ‎【考查内容】物主代词 ‎【难度等级】难 ‎【思路解析】帽子是运动员们的,运动员用复数players,变成所有格是players’。‎ C)用所给动词的适当时态填空 show go wake fly be not ‎6.Linda with her friends ________ kites in the park when it is fine on Sundays.‎ ‎【参考答案】flies ‎【考查内容】一般现在时 ‎【难度等级】中 ‎【思路解析】句意是Linda和朋友在公园放风筝,with friends作伴随状语,主语是第三人称单数,所以动词要加s。‎ ‎7.Dad, ________ me up before you leave for work,Ok?‎ ‎【参考答案】wake ‎【考查内容】祈使句 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】祈使句以动词原形开头,wake sb. up 喊某人起床 ‎8.Kate ________ free these days.She is busy with the coming English exam.‎ ‎【参考答案】is not ‎【考查内容】否定句 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】Kate是单数,be动词用is。‎ ‎9.---What about ________ our parents around our school on the Open Day?‎ ‎---Good idea!‎ ‎【参考答案】showing ‎【考查内容】动名词 ‎【难度等级】中 ‎【思路解析】What about doing?表示建议,about是介词,后面加名词/动名词。‎ ‎10.Don't let your little sister ________ swimming in that river.It's too dangerous(危险的).‎ ‎【参考答案】go ‎【考查内容】动词短语 ‎【难度等级】易 ‎【思路解析】let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,否定是don't let sb. do sth.‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ 词汇 A. 请根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺。‎ ‎1.Drive (顺着)the road,and you will find the cinema on your right.‎ ‎【答案】along ‎【分析】考查介词顺着的拼写。句意为顺着这条路开,你就会发现电影院在你的右边。along为顺着。‎ ‎2.Thanks for your birthday (present). I like them very much.‎ ‎【答案】gifts ‎【分析】考查名词礼物的拼写。句意为感谢你的生日礼物,我非常喜欢他们。注意括号中的英文释义present不可以直接使用原词,又后面用的them为复数,因此答案为gifts。‎ ‎3.Sandy always drinks some (西红柿)and egg soup for supper.‎ ‎【答案】tomato ‎【分析】考查名词西红柿的拼写。句意为Sandy总是晚饭时喝一些西红柿鸡蛋汤。tomato为西红柿。‎ ‎4.If people don’t have enough food to eat,they will go .‎ ‎【答案】hungry ‎【分析】考查句意的理解。句意为如果人们没有足够的事物吃,他们会变饿。go hungry为变得饥饿的。‎ ‎5.They often (to buy or find things of a special kind and keep them as a hobby)seashells by the seashore at weekends.‎ ‎【答案】collect ‎【分析】考动词收集的英文释义。to buy or find things of a special kind and keep them as a hobby表示买或者找到一种特殊的东西作为爱好,即为收集,所以答案为collect。‎ A. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺 two life interest child much ‎1.We should love our because they are from our parents.‎ ‎【答案】lives ‎【分析】考查life生命的复数形式。句意为我们应该爱护我们的生命,因为他们是父母给予我们的。主语we是复数,所以生命要用复数形式lives。‎ ‎2.Students must spend time on English if they want to learn it better.‎ ‎【答案】more ‎【分析】考查much的比较级形式。句意为学生们如果想要把英语学得更好,必须花更多时间在英语上。spend time on sth表示花时间在某事上,much的比较级为more。‎ ‎3.Think before you make a decision(决定).‎ ‎【答案】twice ‎【分析】考查two的相关形式变化。句意为在你做决定之前要三思。固定搭配think twice表示三思而行。‎ ‎4.The trip to the museum makes the student in the history of Nantong.‎ ‎【答案】interested ‎【分析】考查interest的形容词形式。句意为到博物馆的旅行让孩子们对南通的历史感兴趣。固定搭配make sb.+形容词表示让某人……,interest的形容词形式为interested感兴趣的。‎ ‎5.We want to buy some Christmas presents different from those .‎ ‎【答案】children’s ‎【分析】考查child的复数形式的所有格。句意为我们想买一些和那些孩子们的礼物不同的圣诞礼物。child的复数形式为children,其所有格形式为children’s。‎ A. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺 come not be have watch plan ‎6.Each of the students in our class an Ipad now.‎ ‎【答案】has ‎【分析】考查动词的时态和三单形式。句意为现在我们班每一个学生都有一个IPad。表示目前的状态用一般现在时,主语each为三单形式,所以答案为has。‎ ‎7.--- they to go on a trip to Beijing next month?---Yes,they are.‎ ‎【答案】Are;planning ‎【分析】考查动词的时态和现在分词形式。句意为他们在计划下个月去北京的旅行吗?是的。计划北京之行这件事正在发生,所以用现在进行时。‎ ‎8.Children, too much TV isn’t good for your eyes.‎ ‎【答案】watching ‎【分析】考查动名词做主语。句意为孩子们,看太多电视对你们的眼镜不好。主语为看太多电视这件事,所以需要使用动名词做主语,所以答案为watching。‎ ‎9.Unhealthy food like hamburgers good for our health.‎ ‎【答案】isn’t ‎【分析】考查be动词的否定形式。句意为不健康的事物像是汉堡包,对我们的健康不好。主语为unhealthy food是三单,be good for为对…有好处,所以需要使用is的否定形式,因此答案为isn’t。‎ ‎10.Look!Here the two boys in black.‎ ‎【答案】come ‎【分析】考查倒装句。句意为看!两个穿黑衣服的男孩过来了。Here come……为倒装句,主语为the two boys为复数,所以答案为come。‎
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