初三英语定语从句讲解及题

初三英语定语从句讲解及题

初三英语定语从句讲解及练习题 ‎ 在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。‎ 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。‎ 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。‎ 关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。‎ 一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。‎ This is the man who helped me.‎ The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.‎ 二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。‎ The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.‎ The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.‎ ‎=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)‎ The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.‎ ‎(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…)‎ 三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。‎ Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.‎ He has a friend whose father is a doctor.‎ 四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)‎ The letter (that//which) I received was from my father.‎ I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning.‎ Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ?‎ This is the man that//who helped me.‎ The house (that//which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large.‎ The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.‎ 五、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。‎ This is the book (which/that ) you want.‎ The building which//that stands near the river is our school.‎ The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)‎ The house (which/that) we live in is not large. ‎ This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.‎ 六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.‎ ①. 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything等.‎ All (that) you have to do is to practise every day. There isn’t much (that) I can do.‎ Tell us everything that you know, please. ‎ ‎ Is there anything that you don’t understand?‎ ②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.‎ The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.‎ This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.‎ ③. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some, much 等不定代词修饰时.‎ I have read all the books (that) you gave me.‎ ④. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.‎ This is the very book that I want to read. ‎ This is the same book that I want to read. ‎ This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.‎ This is the only thing that I can remember. ‎ 4‎ 七、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。‎ I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.‎ I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing. ‎ ‎( 介词＋which可以代替 when)‎ I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.‎ I remember the days which//that we spent together.‎ 八、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。‎ This is the place where we lived for five years.‎ The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.‎ The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.‎ ‎( 介词＋which可以代替where)‎ This is a place which/that I wanted to visit. ‎ Shanghai‎ is the city where I was born.‎ 九、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。‎ I know the reason why he came late. ( for＋which可以代替why)‎ The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.‎ 十、关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。‎ The student who is good at English studies hard.‎ The students who are good at English study hard.‎ 十一、定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ‎① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：‎ I was the only person in my office who was invited. ‎② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。‎ This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.‎ 二、单项选择。‎ ‎( )1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.‎ ‎ A. that B. who C. whom D. this ‎( )2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.‎ ‎ A. whom B. which C. who D. /‎ ‎( )3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.‎ ‎ A. that B. whose C. which D. as ‎( )4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?‎ ‎ A. the one B. which C. who D. whom ‎( )5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?‎ ‎ A. the one B. that C. which D. /‎ ‎( )6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.‎ ‎ A. which B. that C. / D. it ‎( )7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.‎ ‎ A. which B. in which C. that D. all ‎( )8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.‎ ‎ A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who ‎( )9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.‎ ‎ A. which B. whom C. whose D. this ‎( )10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. which D. /‎ ‎( )11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.‎ ‎ A. was B. were C. is D. are ‎( )12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.‎ 4‎ ‎ A. whom B. who C. / D. he ‎( )13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door ‎ ‎ B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door ‎( )14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.‎ ‎ A. which B. whom C. that D. who ‎( )15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.‎ ‎ A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there ‎( )16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.‎ ‎ A. what B. which C. as D. ./ ‎ ‎( )17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.‎ ‎ A. in that B. when C. where D. there ‎( )18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?‎ ‎ A. where B. in that C. that D. which ‎( )19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.‎ ‎ A. when B. where C. that D. which ‎( )20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?‎ ‎ A. that B. when C. what D. on that ‎( )21. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.‎ A. that B. when C. where D. in which ‎( )22. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.‎ ‎ A. when B. that C. where D. in which ‎( )23. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. where D. in which ‎( )24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?‎ ‎ A. which B. where C. in which D. what ‎( )25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. where D. the one ‎( )26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.‎ ‎ A. what B. which C. that D. where 三、句型转换 ‎1．The film is interesting. They saw it last night. ‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The students will not pass the exam. They don’t work hard.‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．The lady is our teacher. You saw her just now. ‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．I was reading a book. The book is about a boy. ‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5．He is the young writer．He wrote the book． ‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎6．I like Chinese tea with nothing in it. ‎ I like Chinese tea _______________ ______________nothing in it． ‎ ‎7．The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever． ‎ The girl ______________ the red coat is very clever． ‎ ‎8．The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before． ‎ The strange thing _______ ________ three legs was used for drinking long before． ‎ 4‎ 参考答案 答案：‎ ‎1. that 2. that 3. where 4. where 5. when 6. which/ that 8. which 9. that 10. whose 11. whose 一． 单项选择 定语从句1~5 A C A B A 6~10 B C C A D 11~15 C B D D A 16~20 D C A B B 21~26 B B B A D D 二． 在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎1. with 2. through 3. from 4. by 5. of 6. under 7. without 8. to 9. in 10. at ‎ ‎11. on 12. on 13. of 14. against 15. of 4‎