2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：状语从句知识点

2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：状语从句知识点

‎2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习：状语从句知识点 ‎  在从句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。用于修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，根据意义，状语从句可分为：时间, 地点, 原因, 结果, 条件, 目的, 比较,方式, 让步等九种。状语从句可以放在句末或句首，有时也置于句子的中间，置于句首时或句中时，一般用逗号与主句分开。‎ 时间状语从句 常用引导词及其含义：‎ ‎1.  when (当……时)，从句的动作与主句的动作同时或在主句动作之前发生，与延续或非延续性的动词连用均可。如：‎ ‎ ‎ When it rains, I go to school by bus instead of by bike.‎ 要是天下雨，我就乘公共汽车而不是骑自行车去上学。‎ I shall tell her the good news when she comes.‎ 她来的时候我就告诉她这个好消息。‎ When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out.‎ 当钟敲响十点时，所有的灯都熄灭了。‎ When you read the poem a second time , the meaning will become clearer to you.‎ 当你再一次对这首诗时，你就会更清楚它的意思。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. while (当……时，在……过程中) 强调某段时间内主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时间发生； while常可表示 during the time that…即 “在……的时候”，含有一个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持续过程中的某一时刻发生，while通常应该与延续性动词连用。如：‎ While I was in the United States, I saw him twice.‎ 当我去美国时，我见过他两次。‎ Please keep quiet while others are studying.‎ 当别人在学习时，你要保持安静。‎ While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.‎ 昨天晚上我在写信，而他在看电视。‎ ‎--I’m going to the office.‎ ‎-- While you’re there, can you get me some stamps? ‎ ‎--我要去办公室。‎ ‎--当你去哪儿时，请你帮我卖几张邮票好吗？‎ The idea came to Mr. Brown while he was driving to work last week.‎ 上一周当布朗先生开车去上班时，他突然想到这个主意。‎ Keep an eye on my little sister, while I am away.‎ 请你在我出去时帮我照看一下我的小妹妹好吗？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. as (当……时，一边……一边……，随着……)，若主句与从句的主语相同，用 as强调主句和从句动作同时发生；有时也表示“在……的过程中，另外一件事发生了”或“随着多久过去，什么事发生了”。如：‎ He trembled as he spoke.‎ 他一边说话一边发抖。‎ He made a deep bow as he greeted me.‎ 他问候我时给我拘了一个躬。‎ As the pupils walked along the lake, they sang happily.‎ 学生们沿着湖边走着，一边快乐地唱着歌。‎ As I sat thinking about my life, I began to realize how sweet life is.‎ 当我坐着想到我的生活时，我开始意识到生活多么甜蜜。‎ As the days went on, the weather got worse.  ‎ 随着日子的推移，天气变得更糟了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.  before (在……之前)，常表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前发生。如：‎ It seems only seconds before the boy finished washing his face.          ‎ 这个孩子没几下就把脸洗了。‎ He signed the papers before I could stop him.‎ 我没来得及阻止他，他就在文件上签了字。‎ I didn’t know any English before I came here.‎ 在我来这儿之前我一点也不懂英语。‎ I had written my report before my mother came back.‎ 在我妈妈回来之前我就把报告写好了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.  after (在……之后) ，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后发生。如：‎ After he locked the door, he left.‎ 他锁了门，然后就走了。‎ After he had finished his work, he played a game of chess with his friend.‎ 在他完成工作之后，他就跟他的朋友下棋。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6.  since (自从……以来)，从句中的动词多用一般过去时，表示动作的起点，主句中的动词一般用现在完成时，表示动作延续的情况。若主句中的动词表示状态，可用一般现在时。若从句中的动词用了过去完成时，则主句中的动词也用过去完成时。‎ ‎ ‎ Since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.‎ 自从他进入大学以来，他的学习取得了很大进步。‎ Three years has passed since Mr. Green came to China.‎ 格林先生来到中国已经有三年了。‎ It is three weeks since she left for Japan.‎ 她去日本有三周了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 注： a.  在since分句中，动词通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，与之搭配的主句动词通常用现在完成时，若主句中的动词表示状态，可用一般现在时。‎ I haven’t seen him since his wedding day.‎ 自从他的婚礼后我就一直没有见到他。‎ It’s eight years since they got married.‎ 他们结婚八年了。‎ ‎ ‎ b.  如果since分句中的动作或状态延续到说话时间，通常要用延续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时。‎ The house has been in need of repair since he has lived in it.‎ 自从他住在这儿，这栋房子一直需要修理。‎ ‎ ‎ c.  如果since分句中动词用延续性动词的一般过去时，它所表示的是否定意义。如：‎ ‎--What was the party like?‎ ‎--Wonderful . It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.‎ ‎--这个晚会怎么样？‎ ‎--好极了，我有好多年没有这么开心的玩了。‎ 试比较：‎ It’s eight years since they got married.‎ 他们结婚八年了。（非延续性动词一般过去时肯定意义）‎ It’s eight years since they were married.‎ 他们离婚八年了。（延续性动词一般过去时表示否定意义）‎ 再比较：‎ The house has been in need of repair since he has lived in it.‎ 自从他住在这儿，这栋房子就一直需要修理。（非延续性动词的现在完成时肯定意义）‎ The house has been in need of repair since he lived in it.‎ 自从他（没有住在这儿）搬走后，这栋房子就一直需要修理。（延续性动词的一般过去时表示否定意义）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7.  till/until (直到……为止)，主句和从句都用肯定式； (直到……才) 主句用否定式（谓语动词一般用非延续性的动词），从句用肯定式。‎ They worked till it was dark.‎ 他们一直工作到天黑。‎ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ 直到车停好了才可以下车。‎ She didn’t go to bed until she had reviewed her lessons.‎ 直到她复习了功课才上床睡觉。‎ I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how.‎ 直到你解释了应该怎样做，我才会做。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8.  as soonas /the moment / the minute/immediately/instantly(一……就……)，用于说明过去情况，主句和从句中的动词一般都用过去时；用于说明将来，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。如：‎ The moment he opened the window, a sparrow flew in.‎ 他一打开窗子，一只麻雀就飞了进来。‎ As soon as she came to the classroom, she began to read English.‎ 她一到教室，就开始读英语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9.  no sooner…than / Hardly/Scarcely …when (刚……就……)，从句中的动词一般用过去完成时，而且要用部分倒装，主句中的动词用一般过去时态。如：‎ No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the performance began.‎ 我一到达剧院表演就开始了。‎ Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang. ‎ 我一走进房间电话就响了。‎ Scarcely had he entered the classroom when the teacher began his lecture.‎ 我刚进教室老师就开始上课了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10.  everytime/each time（每当，每次），一般表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。如：‎ Every time he came, he would bring us a lot of glowers.‎ 每次他来，他都会给我们带许多花。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11.  by the time （到……时为止），从句用过去时，主句用过去完成时；从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来完成时。如：‎ By the time we arrived, the party had ended.‎ 当我们到达时，晚会已经结束了。‎ By the time the letter reaches you, I will have left the country.‎ 当你收到这封信时，我已经离开这个国家了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12.  once （一旦……就），引导时间状语从句，却带有条件的味道。如：‎ Once you see it, you’ll never forget it.‎ 一旦你看见它，你就决不会忘记。‎ Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.‎ 一旦抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13.  the next day（……的第二天）, the last day（……的最后一天）,  the first time（第一次……）,  the last time（最后一次……）等短语也可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。如：‎ The next day he arrived in Beijing, he went to see his English teacher.‎ 在他到达北京的第二天，他就去看望了他的英语老师。‎ The first time I met her,  she was doing some shopping.‎ 我第一次见到她时，她正在买东西。‎ The last time I saw him, he was leaving for Tibet.‎ 当我最后一次见到他是，他正要去西藏。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的常用连词有： where（在……地方）。如：‎ I’ll go where work conditions are difficult.‎ 我要去工作条件艰苦的地方。‎ After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.‎ 战争结束后，一幢教学楼在曾经是家剧院的地方建了起来。‎ While reading, you’d better make a mark where you have any question.‎ 读书时，你最好在你有问题的地方作个记号。‎ You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.‎ 你应该养成一种习惯,即把东西放在下次好找的地方。‎ After living in Paris for fifteen years he returned where he grew up as a child.‎ 他在巴黎住了十五年后，他也回到了他孩提时代成长的地方。‎ ‎ ‎ 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的常用连词有：because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now that(=since)（既然）等。注意表示原因的连词 because, as, since, for 的区别： because, since, as 都可引导原因状语从句，但所表示的原因在语气上有所差别：because 表示直接的原因或理由，其重点在从句上，一般用来回答 why 引起的问句，语气最强。如： She was absent today ‎ because she was ill.（他今天没有来，因为他生病了。）；  Since 表示对方已知的，无需加以说明的，既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句。如： Since you can’t go there, I’ll go alone.（既然你不能去，那我就只好单独一人去了。）；  as 表示明摆着的原因，多说明因果关系，重点在主句上，可放于句首也可放于句末。如： As it is raining heavily, we shall not go to the park.（由于天小着大雨，我们不会去公园了。）再如：‎ He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.‎ 他没有听见敲门声，因为他在听收音机。‎ He’s done best in the exam because of all the students he is the most diligent.‎ 他这次考得最好，因为在所有的学生中他是最勤奋的。‎ Since you can’t help me, I’ll have to do it by myself.‎ 既然你不能帮我，我就只好自己做了。‎ Since everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.‎ 既然大家都知道这事，我就不再多说。‎ As the day was fine, they decided to go on a trip.‎ 由于天气好，他们决定出去旅游。‎ As he didn’t know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word.‎ 由于他不懂英语，他拿出词典，开始查这个单词。‎ Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.‎ 既然你已得到一个机会，你就应该充分利用它。‎ Now that you have got the book, you’ll have to read it carefully.‎ 既然你已经得到了那本书，你就一定要认真读它。‎ ‎ ‎ 另外， for 可作并列连词，表示一种推理、解释或附加说明，而不是指理由和原因，for 引导的分句，不能放在句首， for 前须有逗号与前一个分句分开。如：‎ He must be ill now, for he didn’t come today.‎ 他一定是生病，不然他怎么没来呢。‎ ‎ ‎ 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的常用连词有： (so) that（以便，为了）（不能置语句首）,  in order that（以便，为了）（可以置语句首）, for fear that（以免，以防）, lest（以免，以防） ,  in case（以防万一）等。通常目的状语从句中的谓语含有情态动词，如： can(could), may(might), will(would) 等，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号。另外 in order to do, so as to do, to do 也能引导不定式短语作目的状语。如：‎ Speak to him slowly so that he may understand you better.     ‎ 讲慢些, 以便他能更好的理解你的意思 Lift it up so that I may see it.‎ 举高一点，以便我可以看见它。‎ We all get up early in order that we might start at seven.‎ 我们都早点起床，以便我们可以七点钟出发。‎ He raised his hand in order that the bus might stop.‎ 他举起手，以便公共汽车可以停下来。‎ John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out in case he phones.‎ 约翰今晚可能打电话来，我不想出去，以防万一他打来电话。‎ I’ll leave him a message so that he will know where we are.‎ 我会给他留个口信，以便他会知道我们在那儿。‎ ‎ ‎ 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的常用连词有： so（以致，结果是）,  so that（以致，结果是）  so …that（如此……以致/结果是）,  such … that（如此……以致/结果是）等。通常结果状语从句中的谓语不用情态动词，主句和从句之间可用逗号分开。如：‎ They worked hard, so that they finished their work ahead of time.‎ 他们都努力工作，以致他们都提前完成了工作。‎ He did so well that he was praised by the teacher.‎ 他干得如此之好，以致老师都表扬了他。‎ He set off early so that he caught the first bus.‎ ‎= He set off early, so he caught the first bus.‎ 他一早出发，以致赶上了头班公共汽车。‎ He didn’t plan his time well, so that he didn’t catch the bus.‎ 他没有把时间计划好，结果没有赶上公共汽车。‎ We were so excited that we couldn’t speak.   ‎ 我们兴奋得话都说不出来了。‎ He gave me such good advice that I finished the task ahead of time.‎ 他给我提出了如此好的建议，以致我都提前完成了任务。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：要正确区分 so 和such 的用法：‎ a.  在 so…that句型中， so 用于修饰形容词或副词。如果名词前面有表示数量多少的词，即： many, few, much, little 这些词时，也应该用so修饰。如：‎ He was so tired that he couldn’t keep his eyes open.       ‎ 他是如此地疲倦以致眼睛都张不开了。‎ The family had so little money that they couldn’t buy the house.‎ 这家没有多少钱，还买不起这幢房子。‎ There were so few workers that they couldn’t finish the job on time.‎ 这么少的工人，他们不可能按时完成这项工作。‎ There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.‎ 噪音太大了，人们都听不见演讲者在说什么。‎ ‎ ‎ b.  在 such …that 句型中， such 用于修饰名词。如果such …that 句型中的名词是一个可数名词的单数，且被形容词修饰，即具有句型 “such a (an ) + adj. + n.”，则可以改为 “so + adj. + a (an )+ n.”。如：‎ This is such an interesting book that I want to read it once again.‎ ‎= This so interesting a book that I want to read it once again.‎ 这是一本非常有趣的书，我还想再读一遍。‎ This is such a beautiful park that everyone enjoys himself in it.‎ ‎= This is so beautiful a park that everyone enjoys himself in it.‎ 这个公园非常美，大家进去都玩得非常开心。‎ It was such a fine day that we went out for a swim.‎ ‎=It was so fine a day that we went out for a swim.‎ 天气太好了，我们出去游泳了。‎ ‎ ‎ 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的常用连词有： if（如果）,  unless（如果不=if…not）,  so / as long as（只要……就）, on condition that（条件是）等。如：‎ If you check your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.‎ 如果你更加仔细地检查你的作文，有些拼写错误是可以避免的。‎ You will be late unless you leave immediately.  ‎ 如果不立即动身，你就会晚了。‎ I wonder if she will help us but I think if she helps us we’ll be able to complete the work ahead of time.‎ 我不知道她是否会帮助我，我想，要是她帮助我的话，我就能够提前完成这个工作。‎ Will you go fishing with us this Sunday?‎ 你愿意这周星期天跟我们一切去钓鱼吗？‎ ‎-- Can you take me to the Summer Palace tomorrow,Dad?‎ ‎-- I can unless it rains.‎ ‎--爸爸，你明天可以带我去颐和园吗？‎ ‎--要是不下雨，我就可以带你去。‎ I’ll lend you my dictionary on condition that you bring it back in two days.‎ 我会把词典借给你，条件是你两天后就还回来。‎ ‎ ‎ 注： when 有时可以表示 “既然” 引导一个条件状语从句。如：‎ Why do you walk when you might ride a bike?‎ 既然可以骑车，你为什么要步行呢?‎ How can I bring Jack to his sense when he will not listen?‎ 既然杰克不肯听，我又怎能使他清醒起来呢?‎ Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?‎ 既然你已经得到了这么好的工作,你为什么还想找一分新工作呢?                                     ‎ ‎ ‎ 比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的常用连词有： as …as, than,  not as / so … as, the+比较级…the+比较级…（越……越……）等。比较状语从句部分可用省略句。如：‎ John plays football as well as, if not better than,David.      ‎ 约翰如果不比大卫踢得好也与他踢得一样好.‎ I know you better than he does.‎ 我比他跟了解你。‎ ‎--How are you today?‎ ‎-- Oh, I haven’t felt as ill as I do now for a longtime.‎ ‎--你今天感觉怎么样？‎ ‎--好久没有像现在这样感觉不好了。‎ ‎-- How often did you give him money?‎ ‎--More times than I can remember.‎ ‎--你多久给他一次钱？‎ ‎--我都记不清了。‎ The English text isn’t so easy as we imagined before.‎ 这篇课文并不象我们以前想象的那么容易。‎ This film is not so / as interesting as that one.‎ 这部电影不如那部电影有趣。‎ The heart transplant is not done nearly as often asit was ten years ago.‎ 心脏移植手术并不象十年前那样经常进行。‎ They will produce 20% more computers than we did last year.‎ 他们将会并去年多生产百分之二十的计算机。‎ The more we can do for others， the happier we’ll be.‎ 我们为别人做得越多，我们心里就越高兴。‎ I like the black coffee so much because the stronger it is, the more I like it.‎ 我非常喜欢这种黑咖啡，因为咖啡越浓，我就越喜欢。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：在含有 as, so, too, how等副词修饰的形容词，其后又有可数名词单数的结构中，往往用 “as / so / too / how / + adj. + a( an ) + n.” 。如：‎ Exercise is as good a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.‎ 做操与其它方法一样是减掉不必要的体重的好方法。‎ ‎ ‎ 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的常用连词有：as（正如……那样）  as though/if（似乎，好象）等。如：‎ Do as our teacher tells you.‎ 请按我们老师告诉你的那样去作.‎ All plants need air as they need water.‎ 所有的植物需要空气正如植物需要水一样。‎ He walks as though/if he were drunken.‎ 他走起路来就好象喝醉了酒。‎ She treated me very well as though/ if I were her own son.‎ 她对我非常好，就好象我是她的亲儿子一样。‎ They talked so much as though/if they had been friends for years.‎ 他们谈得非常投机，好象他们是多年的朋友似的。‎ ‎ ‎ 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的常用连词有：though（虽然，尽管）   although（虽然，尽管）   as（虽然，尽管）   even if/though（即使）   whoever(=no matter who)（无论是谁，主格）  whomever(=no matter whom) （无论是谁，宾格）   whatever(=no matter what)（无论什么）   whichever(=no matter which)（无论那一个/那些）   however(=no matter how)（无论这样）   whenever(no matter when)（为了什么时候）   wherever(no matter where )（无论在哪儿）   whether…(or) (not)…（不管是否……，不管……还是……）等。如：‎ Although she is young, she knows quite a lot.      ‎ 尽管她还年轻,但她却懂得很多 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read .‎ 尽管他被认为是个伟大的作家，但他的作品并没有广泛地被阅读。‎ Tom ate the biggest breakfast although he said he wasn’t hungry.‎ 尽管汤姆说他他不饿，但他早餐吃得非常多。‎ ‎-- My watch started up again.‎ ‎-- You should take it to be repaired even though it is working.‎ ‎--我的表又开始走了。‎ ‎--即使它现在在走，你也应该把它修一下。‎ Nobody believed her no matter what she said.‎ 不管她说什么都没有人相信她。‎ If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is.‎ 如果我们意志坚强，无论困难有多大，我们都能战胜它。‎ However much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.‎ 无论我给他提出多少建议，他就只做他想做的什么。‎ Wherever he is, he will be thinking of others.‎ 无论他在那儿，他就只想到别人。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：  以 as 引导的让步状语从句常用倒装语序。‎ I. 表语放于句首。如：‎ Tired as she was, she still worked there.‎ 尽管她很疲劳，但她还在那儿工作。‎ Difficult as the work was , it was finished in time.‎ 尽管工作很困难，但还是要按时完成。‎ ‎ ‎ II. 名词放于句首，当单数可数名词或形容词最高级作表语时，该名词或该形容词最高级前不加冠词。如：‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot.‎ 尽管他还是个孩子，但他懂很多事。‎ Doctor as he is, he knows medicine no better than I.‎ 虽然他是医生，但他对医术懂得跟我一样小。‎ Youngest as he is in our class, he sings English songs best.‎ 尽管他是我们班最小的，但他的英语歌唱得最好。‎ ‎ ‎ III. 副词位于句首。如：‎ Much as I like the watch, I won’t buy it.‎ 经过我非常喜欢这只表，我却不会买它。‎ Hard as I worked, I couldn’t finish the job on time.‎ 经过我努力工作了，但我还是没有按时完成这个工作。‎ ‎ ‎ IV. 动词原形位于句首。如：‎ Try as he might, he failed to pass the exam.‎ 尽管他尽力了，但他还是没有能够通过考试。‎ Search as they would, they couldn’t find the man in the forest.‎ 即使他们会去寻找，他们也不可能在森林中找到这个人。‎ ‎ ‎ 注：在时间状语从句，条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，现在完成时表示将来完成时等。如：‎ The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives..‎ 新秘书一来就应该向经理报道。‎ Since you are not busy this evening, why not drop in on the old professor to ask for   advice?‎ 既然你今晚有空，为什么不去老教授那儿向他请教呢？‎ We’ll have to finish the job,  however long it takes.‎ 无论需要多长时间，我们都必须完成这项工作。‎ ‎ ‎