最新人教版八年级英语上册知识点总结归纳

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最新人教版八年级英语上册知识点总结归纳

人教版八年级英语上册知识点 Unit 1‎ Where did you go on vacation?‎ 本单元的话题:‎ 谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。‎ 本单元的语法:‎ ‎1复习一般过去时;‎ ‎2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。‎ 不定代词和不定副词的用法:‎ ‎(1)左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词,some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;‎ ‎(2)一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);‎ ‎(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。‎ He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容词important放后)   ‎ Did you buy anything special? (一般疑问句用anything,形容词special放后)‎ Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?‎ ‎(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere,形容词interesting放后)‎ ‎(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。‎ 本单元的短语和知识点:‎ ‎1.go on vacation去度假  ‎ go to the mountains  上山/进山 ‎2.stay at home呆在家 go to the beach去海滩 ‎ visit museums 参观博物馆  ‎ go to summer camp去参观夏令营 ‎3. study for tests为考试而学习备考 go out出去 ‎4. quite a few相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)‎ take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间  ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 ‎6. taste good. 尝起来很好  ‎ taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词 ‎7.have a goodgreatun time过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8. go shopping去购物 ‎9. nothing…but+动词原形:除了……之外什么都没有 He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。‎ ‎10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他 seem+(to be)+形容词:看起来…The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。‎ ‎11.keep a diary记日记 ‎12. in+大地方:达到某地   (get to +地方:达到某地)‎ arrive   at+小地方:达到某地 (get的过去式为got)‎ 若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词,后面的介词inat o必须去掉。‎ Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。‎ ‎13.decide to do sth:决定做某事 ‎ ‎14. try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 ‎15. feel like给…的感觉;感受到  ‎ ‎16. in the past 在过去  ‎ ‎ walk around四处走走 ‎ enjoy  doing sth:喜欢做某事 ‎17.difference(名词,差异,差别)---- different(形容词,不同的)‎ ‎18.start doing sth:开始做某事 (= start to do sth)‎ ‎19.over an hour一个多小时  (over超过,多余 = more than)‎ ‎20. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。‎ much too  太,后跟形容词或副词 ,  分辨三者的口诀:too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。‎ ‎21. because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing),不能接句子。‎ because因为,后跟句子。‎ He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)  ‎ ‎= He was late for school because he got up late.‎ ‎22. enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前He has enough money .‎ ‎23. enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.‎ ‎24. Forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)‎ Forget   to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)‎ ‎25. so+形容词+that+句子:如此…以至于…‎ too+形容词+to do sth:太…以至于不能…‎ 形容词+enough to do sth:足够…能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互换)‎ He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.‎ ‎= He isn′t old enough to go to school. ‎ Unit2 How often do you exercise?‎ A.短语与固定搭配 help with housework帮助做家务     ‎ on weekends在周末     ‎ how often多久一次  ‎ hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次    ‎ twice a month每月两次    ‎ every day每天    ‎ be free有空 go to the movies去看电影   ‎ use the Internet用互联网    ‎ swing dance摇摆舞   ‎ play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚    at least至少   ‎ have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉     ‎ play sports进行体育活动 how come? 怎么会 be good for对……有好处         sb. ‎ spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 be bad for对……有坏处          sb. ‎ spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱 be good with与……友好相处              ‎ sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱 be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事 be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 be kind to sb. 对某人友好 go camping去野营 not…at all一点儿也不……   ‎ in one’s free time在某人的业余时间    ‎ the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如;诸如      ‎ old habits die hard积习难改    ‎ go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于;超过     less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事      ‎ How about…?   ......怎么样?/ ……好不好?‎ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事     ‎ How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句? ……有多少……?‎ 主语+find+that从句.   ……发现……        ‎ It’s+ adj.+ to do sth.  做某事的……的。     ‎ ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 ‎ ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事  ‎ What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么?‎ the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式  ‎ Which…do you like best? 你最喜欢 B词语辨析:‎ ‎1.  how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once,twice, three times 等词语。‎ How often do you play sports?   Three times a week.‎ how long  多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。‎ How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?  How long is the ruler?‎ how for 多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park?  It’s about 2 kilometers.‎ ‎1. free 空闲的,有空的, 反义词为 busy.‎ ‎·be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time.‎ ‎·还可作“免费的、自由的”be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。‎ ‎2. How come?怎么会?怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。‎ ‎3. stay up late  指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.‎ stay up 指“熬夜,不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.‎ ‎4. go to bed和go to sleep ‎·go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。‎ ‎·go to sleep 强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。  She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.‎ ‎5. find ‎·find + 宾语 +名词, 发现  ‎ ‎·find + 宾语 + 形容词 发现 ‎·find + 宾语 + 现在分词 发现 ‎6. percent 百分数, 基数词 + percent: percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.   Thirty percent of time passed.‎ ‎7. more than 超过,多于, 相当于 over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为:less than.‎ ‎9.  afraid 形容词, 担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。‎ ‎·be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事; ‎ be afraid of doing sth.  害怕做某事。‎ ‎·I’m afraid + 从句, 恐怕, 担心:‎ I’m afraid I have to go now.‎ ‎·be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 ‎10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:‎ ‎·sometimes 频度副词,用how often提问 ‎·sometime  副词,某个时候 。用when.提问 ‎·some times  名词词组, 几次,几倍。其中time 是可数名词,提问时用how many times.‎ ‎·some time 名词短语, 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时,提问时用 How long.‎ Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗2. as...as...与…… 一样 ‎3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛 ‎4. the most important 最重要的 ‎5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋 ‎6. the same as 与……相同 ‎7. care about 关心/留意/关注 ‎8. be different from 与…...不同 ‎9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 ‎10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长 ‎11. bring out 显示/显出 ‎12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 ‎13. reach for 伸手达到/达到 ‎14. touch one’s heart 感动 ‎15. in fact 事实上 ‎16. make friends 交朋友 ‎17. be good at 在某方面成绩好 ‎18. the other 另一个 ‎19. be similar to 与…相似 ‎20. be good with 与…和睦相处 ‎ ‎ ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. Sam has longer hair than Tom. = Sam’s hair is longer than Tom’s.‎ Sam 的头发比Tom的长。2. I’m taller now than I was 2 years ago = I was shorter 2 years ago than I am now.‎ 现在的我比两年前更高。‎ ‎3. I study harder now than I did 2 years ago.‎ 现在的我比两年前学习更努力了。‎ ‎4. I studied harder 2 years ago than I do now.‎ 两年前的我比现在学习更努力。‎ ‎5. Who is smarter, your mother or your father?‎ 谁更聪明,你的老爸还是老妈?‎ ‎6. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.‎ 妈妈告诉我好朋友像一面镜子。‎ ‎7. That’s why I like reading books.‎ 那就是我为什么喜欢读书。‎ ‎8. I think friends are like books —— you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.‎ 我认为朋友像书,只要是好的就不必需要太多。‎ ‎9. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.‎ 我很害羞,所以交朋友对于我来说不容易。‎ ‎10. It’s not necessary to be the same.‎ 没有必要一样。‎ ‎11. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.‎ 我不太关心朋友是否与我一样。‎ ‎12. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.‎ 真朋友在你需要是帮助你,打动你。‎ ‎13. In fact, she’s funnier than anyone.‎ 事实上,她比任何人都更幽默。‎ ‎14. In what ways are you different?‎ 你们在哪些方面不同?‎ ‎15. Is he different from you in any way?‎ 在某方面他与你不同吗?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【重点单词】‎ outgoing  ['aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj.外向的 better  ['betə(r)] adj.更好的;较好的  adv.更好地 loudly  ['laʊdli] adv.大声地;高声地;花俏地 quietly  ['kwaɪətli]  adv.安静地;悄悄地;平静地 hard-working  [hɑːd'wɜːkɪŋ]  adj.勤勉的;努力工作的 competition  [ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn] n.竞争;比赛 fantastic  [fæn'tæstɪk] adj.极好的;了不起的 which  adj.哪一个;哪一些pron.哪一个;哪些 clearly  ['klɪəli] adv.清楚地;显然地 win  [wɪn] v.赢;赢得;获胜;获得  n.胜利 though  conj.虽然;尽管;adv.不过 care about  关心 talented  ['tæləntɪd] adj.有才能的;有天赋的 truly  ['truːli] adv.真实地;真诚地;正确地 care  [keə(r)] v.关心;担忧;照顾;在乎 serious  ['sɪəriəs] adj.严肃的;严重的;庄重的 mirror  ['mɪrə(r)] n.镜子;反映 necessary  ['nesəsəri] adj.必要的;必然的 both  [bəʊθ] adj.两者都  pron.两者 should  [ʃəd] aux.应该;可能;应当;将要 touch  [tʌtʃ] vt.触摸;感动 reach  [riːtʃ] v.到达;伸出;达成;取得联系;延伸;(伸手)去够 heart  [hɑːt] n.心脏;内心 fact  [fækt] n.事实;真相;实际 break  [breɪk]  v.打碎;折断;违背;解决;中断 laugh  [lɑːf] v.发笑;笑;嘲笑  n.笑声;笑;笑料 similar  ['sɪmələ(r)] adj.类似的 share  [ʃeə(r)] vt.分享,共享;分配;共有 loud  [laʊd] adj.大声的;adv.大声地;响亮地 primary  ['praɪməri] adj.最初的,最早的 information  [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn]  n.信息;情报;资料;通知 ‎(二)交际用语和重点句子 ‎1.—Is Tom taller than Sam?汤姆比萨姆高吗?—No, he isn’t. 不是的。‎ ‎2.I think a friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友会让我开怀大笑。‎ ‎3.Well, everyone wants to win.哦,每个人都想赢。‎ ‎4.A good friend is like a mirror.朋友就像一面镜子。‎ ‎5.Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.朋友就像书——只要是好的,你并不需要太多。‎ ‎6.My best friend helps me to bring out the best in me.我的好朋友帮助我显现出我最好的一面。‎ ‎7.A friend reaches for your hand and touches you hear.一个真正的朋友是在你最需要的时候给你帮助,使你感动。‎ ‎8.We can talk about and share everything.我们可以谈天论地和分享所有。‎ ‎(三)语法:形容词或副词比较级最高级 ‎    【主要考查比较级、最高级、as…as、比较级+and+比较级、the+比较级…the+比较级句型than比较级标志词】‎ ‎1、形容词或副词比较级最高级构成规则 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单词比较级在词尾加er,最高级在词尾加est high tall higher taller highest tallest 单音节词和部分双音节词 few fewer fewest 以e字母结尾的单词,比较级在词尾加r,最高级加st fine late nice finer later nicer finest latest nicest 以一个不发本身音的元音字母(重读闭音节)加一个辅音字母结尾的单词,双写末尾辅音字母,比较级加er,最高级加est big fat hot thin bigger fatter hotter thinner biggest fattest hottest thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,比较级改y为ier,最高级改y为iest easy early happy easier earlier happier easiest earliest happiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 比较级在词前加more,最高级加most beautiful ‎ ‎ interesting ‎ ‎ dangerous more beautiful more interesting more dangerous most beautiful most interesting most dangerous ‎2.形容词、副词比较级练习 ‎1.Xu Shiyuan is tall  .Yang Xiangle is  taller  than Xu Shiyuan.(tall)‎ ‎2.Dao Changhong is short . Li Ancheng is  shorter  than Dao Changhong.(short)‎ ‎3.Liu Yifei has  longer  hair than Yan Mi.(long)‎ ‎4.Zheng Yiping is thinner  than Han Hong. (thin) Han Hong is  heavier  than Zheng Yiping. (heavy)‎ ‎5.Zhao Benshan is funnier  than Xiao Shengyang. (funny)‎ ‎6.Wang Yiyun is  more outgoing  than Qin Junjie.( outgoing) Qin Junjie is  quieter  (quiet) than Wang Yiyun.‎ 书面表达范文   Unit 3  我的好朋友 (1)My Best Friend ‎ My best friend is Mary. She is twelve years old.‎ She is tall and thin. She has short black hair, two big beautiful eyes and a small mouth. And she is usually in a blue jeans. She is very cute. I like playing with her. We are in the same class. She likes to eat junk food. And she plays basketball best in our class. I love her very much. Her favorite food is fish, so she is smart. She always gets good grades in my class. She often likes keeping pet. She has a yellow cat. It’s very cute. ‎ This is my best friend. Can you tell me about your best friend?‎ 我的好朋友叫玛丽。她有12岁。‎ 个儿高挑而且很苗条。留着黑色的短发,有一双美丽的大眼睛一张樱桃小嘴。她通常穿一条蓝色的牛仔裤。非常可爱。我喜欢和她一起玩。我们在同一个班就读。她喜欢吃垃圾食品。她是我们班里篮球打得最好的女生。我非常喜欢她。她最爱吃鱼肉,因此她很聪明。她总是取得优异的成绩。她还喜欢饲养宠物。她养着一只黄色的小猫,非常可爱。‎ 这就是我的好朋友。你能告诉我有关你好朋友的情况吗?‎ ‎(2) 我和我的好朋友 My Best Friend and I Hi, everyone! My name is Tom. I’m 13 years old. I have many good friends. But Jim is my best friend.‎ He’s 14 years old. He is very tall and outgoing. He is very funny and always makes us laugh. I’m quieter than he. We both like sports, but he does better than me. So he always wins in basketball. We both like English. And I am better at it. So I always help him to learn English.‎ We both have a good dream—to be a great basketball player. So we are working hard to make our dreams come true.‎ 嗨,大家好!我叫汤姆。我有13岁。我有许多好朋友。但吉姆是我最好的朋友。‎ 他有14岁。他歌儿非常高,而且很外向。他非常的幽默,总是让我们开怀大笑。我比他更内向。我们都喜欢运动,但是他比我做得更好。因此,在篮球方面,他做得比我好,他总是赢我。我们都喜欢英语。我英语学得更好。所以我总是帮助他学习英语。‎ 我们都有一个美梦——成为一名伟大的篮球运动员。为实现我们的梦想,我们正在努力。‎ Unit4《what’s the best movie theater ?》‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 ‎2. no problem 没什么,别客气 ‎3. have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 ‎4. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责 ‎5. all kinds of … 各种各样的……‎ ‎6. play a role in doing sth./ sth. 发挥作用,有影响 ‎7. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)‎ ‎8. for example=e.g. 例如 ‎9. take …..seriously 认真对待 ‎10. not everybody 并不是每个人 ‎11. close to 离..….近 ‎12. more and more 越来越……‎ ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. The DJs choose songs the most carefully.‎ 流行音乐节目主持人最认真的选择歌曲。‎ ‎2. How do you like it so far? = What do you think of it so far? = How do you feel about it so far?‎ 到目前为止,你认为它怎么样?‎ ‎3. Thanks for telling me.‎ 多谢你告诉我。‎ ‎4. Be up to you to do something 由你决定做……‎ ‎5. They play a role in deciding the winner.‎ 他们在决定胜利者方面起着重要作用。‎ ‎6. He is much better than other actors at finding the most interesting roles.‎ 他在发现最有趣的角色方面比其他演员要擅长得多。‎ ‎7. I still don’t really know my way around.‎ 我依然不认得周边的路。‎ ‎8. How far is it from your home?‎ 从你家去有多远?‎ ‎9. However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows.‎ 然而,不是每个人都欣赏这些表演。‎ ‎10. Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.‎ 有的人认为那些表演都的生活经历是编造的。‎ ‎11. However, if you don’t take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch.‎ 然而,假如你不把这些表演看得太当真,它们还是值得看的。‎ ‎12. And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.‎ 有关它们的一件了不起的事情是,它们给人们指明了一条让他们的梦想成真的道路。‎ 词汇精讲 ‎1. comfortable seats ‎(1) comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”。其名词和动词形式为comfort,意为“使舒适,安慰”,其副词形式为comfortably意为“舒适地;安逸地”,反义词为uncomfortable“不舒适的,不安逸的”。变比较级和最高级时要分别在前面加more和most。例如:‎ I don’t feel comfortable in the same room with her. ‎ 和她在一个房间里我感觉不舒服。‎ I feel more comfortable in this hotel. ‎ 我感觉在这家旅店更舒服。‎ ‎(2) seat作名词,意为“座位”,作动词时是及物动词,意为“坐下,使就座”。例如:‎ Are there enough seats for everyone? 座位够吗?‎ I seated myself at my desk. 我在书桌旁坐下。‎ ‎【拓展】sit和seat的辨析:‎ 二者均可表示“坐”,sit是不及物动词,主语是人;seat是及物动词,主语是人时,表示“使……坐下”,宾语常是反身代词;主语是处所时,表示“能坐多少人”。例如:‎ She sits alone in her room. 她独自坐在房间里。‎ Our classroom can seat fifty students. 我们教室能坐50个学生。‎ ‎2. close to close to意为“靠近,接近”,相当于next to。例如:‎ Jim’s house is close to his school. Jim的家离学校很近。‎ I live close to the supermarket. 我住得离超市很近。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎(1) close可作动词,意为“关上,闭上”。其形容词形式为closed,意为“关着的”。例如:‎ Please close the door, and keep the door closed. ‎ 请关上门并让门关着。‎ ‎ (2) close还可作形容词,意为“亲密的”。例如:‎ ‎ close friends 密友   a close game势均力敌的比赛 ‎3. choose choose是动词,意为“选择,挑选”。后面可直接接宾语也可以跟to do不定式或者介宾结构。例如:‎ They knew that discrimination was going on, but chose to ignore it.‎ 他们当时知道歧视现象仍然存在,但是宁愿装聋作哑。‎ There is very little to choose between the world's top tennis players.‎ 世界顶级网球运动员之间往往难分伯仲。‎ They will be able to choose their own leaders in democratic elections.‎ 他们将能够通过民主选举选择自己的领导人。‎ ‎4. look for look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调找的动作。例如:‎ Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的狗。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”,多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况,查出的东西往往是抽象的,如时间、事实、真相等。例如:‎ Please find out when the meeting starts. ‎ 请查一下会议什么时候开始。‎ find意为“找到、发现”,指偶然发现或经过一番寻找,找到值得或所需的东西,强调找的结果。例如:‎ I found the book I was looking for. ‎ 我找到了一直在找的书。‎ discover意为“发现”,指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如:‎ China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. ‎ 中国在南海发现了石油。‎ invent意为“发明”,指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如:‎ Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。‎ ‎5. act act作动词,意为“行动,举止,表现”。例如:‎ He acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it.‎ 他表现得好像对此毫不知情。‎ He acted as the ship’s surgeon(外科医生) in the ship.‎ 他在船上为水手们充当外科医生。‎ ‎6. play a role in play a role in…意为“在……中起作用”或“在……中扮演角色”。in为介词,后面可接名词,代词或V-ing形式。其中play a role 是固定的,也可说成play a part,后面如果接一个范围那就加介词in。例如:‎ We can play an important role in your overseas trade. ‎ 我们能在你方海外贸易中起重要作用。‎ He plays an important part in protecting the animals.‎ 他在保护动物方面起到了重要作用。‎ ‎7. make up 动词词组,意为“编造,组成,弥补,化妆”等。例如:‎ I'm not making it up. The character exists in real life.‎ 我没有凭空捏造,这种人现实生活中确实存在。‎ Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.‎ 昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。‎ They'll have to make up time lost during the strike.‎ 他们不得不加班弥补罢工耽误的时间。‎ She spent too much time making herself up.‎ 她在化妆上花去了太多时间。‎ ‎8. or ‎(1) or作为并列连词,用于否定句中,意为“和”。例如:‎ I don’t like apples or pears. 我不喜欢苹果和梨。‎ There is no water or air on the moon. 月球上没有水和空气。‎ ‎(2) or作为连词,可以用于选择疑问句,连接两个并列成分。并列成分如果是三个或三个以上时,则前面用逗号隔开,or连接最后两个。此时or意为“或者,还是”。例如:‎ Is the shirt yours or hers? 这件衬衣是你的还是她的?‎ Is your mother a teacher, a doctor or a worker? ‎ 你母亲是教师、医生还是工人?‎ ‎(3) or除作“和,或者”讲,还有“否则,要不然”的意思。例如:‎ Hurry up! Or you will be late. ‎ 快点!否则你会迟到的。‎ Study hard, or you won’t pass the exam. ‎ 努力学习,否则你通不过考试。‎ 句式精讲 ‎1. Thanks for…       ‎ thanks for…意为“为……而感谢”。thanks作名词,for为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。例如:‎ Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。‎ ‎【拓展】thanks for与thanks to的辨析:‎ thanks for意为“因……而感谢”,for后接感谢的原因;thanks to意为“幸亏……;多亏……;由于……”,to后接某人或某物,不表达感谢的含义,而是表达原因,有时可以与because of或with the help of互换。例如:‎ Thanks to John’s kind help, we finished early. ‎ 多亏约翰的好心帮助,我们才早早完成。‎ Thanks for sending me such a nice present. ‎ 谢谢你寄给我这么好的礼物。‎ ‎2. What do you think of..?‎ ‎(1) think of意为“考虑;就……思考”。提问对某人或某事的看法应该用疑问词what。此时think of可与think about互换。例如:‎ Are you thinking about/of the question? ‎ 你在考虑那个问题吗?‎ ‎(2) What do/did sb. think about/ of…? 这是询问某人对某事(人)的看法常用的句型,意为“……认为……怎么样?”,答语往往是对某物(人)的评价。例如:‎ ‎— What do you think about / of the book written by him?‎ 你认为他写的那本书怎么样?‎ ‎— It is very good. 很好。‎ ‎(3) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如:‎ What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? ‎ 你认为这部电影怎么样?‎ ‎3. Talent shows are getting more and more popular.‎ getting more and more popular意为“越来越流行”。此固定结构“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more + 原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”意为“越来越……”。例如:‎ Our city is more and more beautiful. ‎ 我们的城市越来越美丽了。‎ More and more countries begin to save the financial crisis.‎ 越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。‎ ‎4. That’s up to you to decide.‎ ‎(1)be up to意为“取决于”。例如:‎ How Greece fared would be up to the Greeks.‎ 希腊的局势如何发展将取决于希腊人自己。‎ Whether go or not will be up to you.‎ 走不走由你决定。‎ ‎(2)be up to意为“上升到”。例如:‎ If you applied the same measures to legacy fighters,the cost would be up to$ 3 trillion.‎ 如果你对传统战斗机采用相同的标准,其成本可能上升到3万亿美元。  5.   It has the worst service.‎ the worst service意为“最差的服务”。形容词最高级前一般要加冠词the,意为“最……”。例如:‎ This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。‎ He is the tallest in the class.他在他们班最高。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎(1)the+序数词+最高级(形容词)+可数名词单数,表示“第几大、长等……”。例如:‎ I think the computer is the first most useful tool of all.‎ 我想电脑是最有用的工具。‎ ‎(2)形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不再加the。例如:‎ Wu Fen is my best friend. 吴芬是我最要好的朋友。‎ ‎(3)most前加定冠词the表示最高级,加不定冠词a表示“非常”。例如:‎ She is a most beautiful girl. 她是一个非常美丽的女孩。‎ Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?‎ ‎(一)短语和句型知识点Section A 1a-1c ‎1.want to do sth.想要做某事 ‎2.watch a game show观看游戏节目 ‎3.game show(game shows)游戏节目 ‎4.talk show(talk shows)脱口秀 ‎5.I don’t mind.我不介意。‎ ‎6.soap opera(soap operas)肥皂剧 ‎7.sports show体育节目 ‎8.sitcom=situation comedy情景喜剧 ‎9.talent show才艺表演,选秀节目 ‎10.a piece of news一条新闻 ‎11.two pieces of news两条新闻 ‎12.soccer game足球比赛 ‎13.want to watch想要看 ‎14.think of about认为,觉得 ‎15.What do you think of talk show? = How do you like talk show?你觉得脱口秀怎么样?【1a】1.Do you want to watch a game show?句型:want to do sth.想要做某事 ‎1)I want   to watch   (watch) Home with Children.‎ ‎2)They want   to go  (go) to the park.‎ ‎3)I want  to be   (be) an actor.4)Jim wants  to go  (go) fishing.【1c】2.Then let’s watch a talk show.句型:Let’s+v-原型,让我们做某事 ‎1)Let’s   go  (go) to the museum next week.‎ ‎2)Let’s   play   (play) the piano.   ‎ ‎3)Let’s   watch  (watch) a movie.‎ Section A 2a-2d ‎1.Learn...from...从(向)......学习 ‎2.plan to do sth.计划做......‎ ‎3.Days of Our Past《我们逝去(过去)的日子》‎ ‎4.make a plan to do sth.计划做......‎ ‎5.make plans to do sth.计划做某事 ‎6.watch the news看新闻 ‎7.every night每天晚上 ‎8.hope to do sth.希望做某事 ‎9.find out找到,找出,查明(结果)‎ ‎10.around the world= all over the world世界各地,全世界 ‎11.in class在课堂上 ‎12.have a discussion about进行了一次关于......的讨论 ‎13.TV show电视节目 ‎14.like to do sth.喜欢做某事(侧重于偶然性)‎ ‎15.like doing sth.喜欢做某事(侧重于经常性、习惯性爱好)‎ ‎16.follow the story追剧情,跟着故事情节 ‎17.my favorite TV show我最喜欢的电视节目 ‎18.learn a lot from...从......中学到了很多 ‎19.expect to do sth.期待(期盼)做某事 ‎20.TV reporter电视台记者 ‎21.one day有一天 ‎22.some day总有一天,有朝一日 ‎【2b】3.Sally likes to watch the news of talk shows.  句型: like to do sth.喜欢做某事(侧重于偶然性)like doing sth.喜欢做某事(侧重于经常性、习惯性爱好)‎ ‎1)My English teacher likes wearing (wear) a pair of glasses.‎ ‎2)Dao Yunkun likes  to drink  (drink) today.‎ ‎【2b】 4.She plans to watch Days of Our Past tonight.句型:plan to do sth.计划做某事 ‎1) I plan  to go  (go) fishing.  ‎ ‎2)He plans  to make  (make) dumplings.‎ ‎【2c】 5.Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.句型:hope to do sth.希望做某事 ‎1)I hope   to have  (have) a koala.  ‎ ‎2)Jim hopes   to see (see) a film.‎ ‎【2d】6.Oh, I can’t stand them.句型:动词后面的代词多用宾格。‎ ‎1)I want   him  to go out and get some water for me.(he)‎ ‎2)You must tell  her  what you think.(she)‎ ‎【2d】7.They’re boring.句型:以-ed结尾修饰人,以-ing结尾修饰物。‎ ‎1)The game is_________.(boring, bored) ‎ ‎2)No one feels ________.(boring, bored)‎ ‎【2d】8.Well, they may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them.句型:expext to do sth.期待(期盼)做某事 ‎1)I expect   to learn learn) something useful at school.‎ ‎2)We’ll expect  to see  _(see) a UFO one day.‎ ‎3)We expect   to go  (go) to the Mount Tai.4)He expects  to be  (be) a good teacher.‎ ‎【2d】9.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.‎ one day 有一天 可用于一般过去时和一般将来时 some day 总有一天,有朝一日 可用于一般将来时 ‎1)I saw a beautiful bird  one day.‎ ‎2)We will meet again  some day _.‎ Section A Grammar Focus ‎1.learn from sitcoms从情景喜剧中学习 ‎2.learn some great jokes学习一些很棒的笑话 ‎3.love to do sth.like to do sth.喜欢做某事(侧重于偶然性)‎ ‎4.love doing sth.喜欢做某事(侧重于经常性、习惯性爱好)‎ ‎5.on TV在电视上 ‎6.Animal World动物世界 ‎7.How about you?= What about you?那你呢?‎ ‎8.be true for sb.符合某人,对某人来说是真的 ‎9.learn from the news从新闻中学习 ‎10.watch a movie看电影 ‎11.watch a sitcom看情景喜剧 ‎【Grammar Focus】10.What can you expect to learn from sitcoms?句型:learn ...from从......中学习,跟......学习 ‎1)We can learn a lot from lives. ‎ ‎2)I want to  learn  something useful from you.‎ ‎3)I want to   learn  an English song   from  TV show.‎ Section B 1a-1e ‎1.action movie动作片 ‎2.scary movie恐怖片 ‎3.watch talk shows看脱口秀(选秀节目)‎ ‎4.kung fu movies功夫片 Section B 2a-2b ‎1.watch cartoons看动画片 ‎2.favorite cartoon最喜欢的动画片 ‎3.one very famous symbol一个非常著名的象征 ‎4.the black mouse with two large round ears有两只又大又圆的耳朵的黑色老鼠 ‎5.Mickey Mouse米老鼠 ‎6.over more than 80 years ago80多年前 ‎7.in the cartoon在卡通片里 ‎8.Steam Willie威利号汽船 ‎9.come out出现,出版,发行,开放 ‎10.in New York在纽约 ‎11.on November 18,1928在1928年11月18日 ‎12.the first cartoon with sound and music第一部有声音和音乐的动画片 ‎13.the man behind Mickey米老鼠的幕后之人 ‎14.Walt Disney沃尔特.迪斯尼 ‎15.in the 1930s在20世纪30年代 ‎16.make 87 cartoons制作了87部动画片 ‎17.cartoon animal卡通动物 ‎18.one of+n. (pl.)... ......之一,其中之一 ‎19.ne of the main reason其中的一个重要原因 ‎20.be like像 ‎21.a common man一个普通(凡)人 ‎22.try to do sth.设法做,尝试做,千方百计做某事 ‎23.face any danger面对各种(任何)危险 ‎24.in his early films在他的早期电影(影片)中 ‎25.have many problems有许多烦恼(问题)‎ ‎26.such as例如 ‎27.lose one’s house流离失所,失去房子 ‎28.lose one’s girlfriend失恋,失去你朋友 ‎29.be ready to do sth.准备好做......,愿意做......‎ ‎30..try one’s best=do one’s best尽力做.....‎ ‎31.try do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事 ‎32.go to the cinema=go to the movies去看电影 ‎33.see the “little man” win看这个“小人物”如何获胜 ‎34.most of them很多人,大多数人 ‎35.on November 18,1978在1978年11月18日 ‎36.the first cartoon character第一个卡通人物(角色)‎ ‎37.have a star有一颗星星 ‎38.on Hollywood Walk of Fame在好莱坞星光大道 ‎39.so simple as像......一样简单 ‎40.a pair of一双,一对,一副 ‎41.so+ adj.adv.原级+as=as+ adj.adv.原级+as_和......一样 ‎42.be famous for以某物而出名 ‎43.be famous as以某人而出名_‎ ‎44.be rich in富于(含于).....‎ ‎45.see a film =go to the movies=go to the cinema=watch a movie去看电影 ‎【2b】11.But one very famous symbol in American culture is cartoon.句型:be famous for以某物而出名;be famous as以某人而出名 ‎1)Chen Xiang  is famous as   a singer.‎ ‎2)Dao Jian is famous as a good student.‎ ‎3)Jinggu is famous for mangoes(芒果).‎ ‎4)Qin Junjie  is famous as as an actor.‎ ‎【2b】12.One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger.句型:(1)One of+n.(pl.复数)+.....,其中之一,......之一;(2)One of+adj.最高级+n.(pl.)+.....,.最......之一; (3)try to do sth.设法(试图、努力)做......;try doing sth.试着做......‎ ‎1)One of the ways  to get to school is by bike.(way)‎ ‎2)Yao Ming is one of the tallest tall) men in China.‎ ‎3)Mr. Li is one of  the most popular (popular) teachers in our class.‎ ‎4)I’ll try to make (make) friends with everyone ‎5)I tried to go  _(go) camping in American Lake last summer.‎ ‎6)I want to try singing (sing) the song.‎ ‎【2b】13.However, he was always ready to try his best.句型:be ready to do sth.准备好做某事,愿意做某事 ‎1)I’m ready  to go  (go) to the USA.‎ ‎2)They’re ready  to have  (have) a basketball game.‎ ‎【2b】14.Today’s cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse, buteveryone still knows and loves him.句型:(1)asso+adj. adv.原级+as,和......一样;(2))不定代词做主语,相当于第三人称单数,谓语动词用单三。‎ ‎1)Tao Zifu is as tall  (tall) as Daoyunkun.‎ ‎2)He sings as good  (good) as Ren Xianqi.‎ ‎3)Someone wants (want) to see you.‎ ‎4)Everything  goes (go)well in our class.‎ Section B 3a-3c ‎1.be a symbol of是成为......的象征 ‎2.cartoon culture卡通文化 ‎3.Chinese culture中国文化 ‎4.a smart clever bright man一个聪明的人 ‎5.want to be like sb.想成为像某人一样的人 ‎6.as so famous as 和......一样出名 ‎7.come from=be from出生于,来自 ‎8.an exciting action movie一部令人激动(兴奋)的电影 ‎9.come from an old Chinese story来自中国一个古老的民间故事 ‎10.a village girl一个乡村女孩 ‎11.dress up乔装打扮 ‎12.dress up like a boy女扮男装 ‎13.take one’s (sb.s) place to to sth.代替某人做某事 ‎14.take her father to fight in the army替父从军 ‎15.take sb’s place取代,代替 ‎16.in the army在部队里,在军队里 ‎17.the other actors别的演员 ‎18.do a good job=well done做得好,干得好 ‎19.in the movie在影片中 ‎20.very much非常,很 ‎21.love for对......的热爱 ‎22.something enjoyable一些令人愉快的事 ‎23.the name of the movie电影的名字 ‎【3a】15.If you plan to watch a movie this weekend and you want to seesomething enjoyable, choose Mulan!句型:形容词修饰不定代词,不定代词+adj.1)There are (something interesting, interesting something) in my school every day.2)I want to buy (something special, special something) for my mother.‎ Section B 4-Self Check ‎1.what show什么节目 ‎2.interesting information有趣的信息 ‎(二)重点句子和交际用语 ‎1.—Do you want to watch a game show?你想观看游戏节目吗?—Yes, I do. No, I don’t.2.I like watching the news.我喜欢观看新闻节目。3.I hope to be a reporter one day.我希望有朝一日能够成为一名记者。4.The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney.米老鼠的幕后之人就是沃尔特迪斯尼。5.Mulan is an exciting action movie.《木兰》是一部令人兴奋的动作片。‎ ‎(三)语法:一般现在时态 ‎(五)书面表达范文Unit 5我最喜欢的电影 (1)My Favorite Movies Hello,boys and girls! My name is Li Lei. I’m 14 years old. My birthday is on October 31st.‎ I like watching movies very much. I like action movie and soap operas. My favorite actor is Qin Junjie. He is a great actor. And he is very handsome. I love him very much. He has many movies. For example, Open Your Map and The Prince of Tennis. It is about how Long Ma becomes a great tennis player, and win a good prize for Qingchun College. It’s very exciting.‎ I really like it very much, because it is exciting and interesting. 大家好,我叫李雷。今年14岁。我的生日是10月31日。‎ 我非常喜欢看电影,动作片和肥皂剧。我最喜欢的演员是秦俊杰。他是个好演员。她长得很帅。我非常喜欢他。他演过许多电影。像《摊开你的地图》和《网球王子》。《网球王子》是有关龙马怎样成为一个伟大的网球运动员及为青春学院拼搏的故事。真的很令人兴奋。 ‎ ‎ 我非常喜欢它,因为它很令人激动,而且很有趣。我非常喜欢肥皂剧。    (2)My Favorite TV Show我最喜欢的电视节目 ‎ Hello,boys and girls! My name is Li Lei. I’m 14 years old. I like watching TV very much. Such as,night news, talent shows and Animal World. But Animal world is my favorite TV show.     ‎ Animals are human’s friends. I love animals. I can learn a lot from it. I am also able to watch many different kinds of animals from Animal World. They are very wonderful. Some are dangers  and scary animals, some are kind and cute animals, and some are in great danger. We should help them.‎ I love animals. And Animal World is my favorite TV show.‎ 嗨,男孩们女孩们!我叫李雷。14岁。我非常喜欢看电视。 像晚间新闻、才艺表演和动物世界。‎ 动物是人类的好朋友我喜欢动物。我可以从动物世界中学到很多知识。我还可以看到许多不同种类的动物。他们真的很漂亮。有的很危险,而且很恐怖。有的很友好,很可爱。有大濒临灭绝,我们应该帮助他们。‎ 我喜欢动物。动物世界是我最喜欢的电视节目。‎ Unit 6  ‎ I’m going to study computer science 一、词组、短语:‎ ‎1、grow up 长大,‎ ‎2、every day每天,‎ ‎3、be sure about对某事确信, ‎ ‎4、make sure 确信/有把握, ‎ ‎5、send…to…把…发送到…/把…寄…,‎ ‎6、be able to 能/能够 ,‎ ‎7、 the meaning of …的意思/含义, ‎ ‎8、 different kinds of 不同种类的,‎ ‎9、in common通常,‎ ‎10、 at the beginning of 在…开始的时候, ‎ ‎11、write down写下/记下,‎ ‎12、 have to do with必须处理某事,‎ ‎13、take up  开始从事/着手处理/接受,‎ ‎14、 hardly ever 几乎不,‎ ‎15、too…to…太而不能 二、习惯用法、搭配 want to do sth. 想做某事,                          ‎ be going to + 动词原形:将要做某事,‎ practice doing sth. 练习做某事,                    ‎ keep on doing sth.继续做某事,‎ learn to do sth. 学会做某事,                           ‎ finish doing sth做完某事,‎ promise to do sth.答应做某事,                        ‎ help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事,‎ remember to do sth. 记住要做某事,  ‎ agree to do sth.同意做某事,‎ love to do sth.喜欢做某事,‎ be going to 的用法 ‎1) be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成,be随主语有am, is, are 的变换,going to 后接动词原形。‎ 肯定句: 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.‎ 否定句: 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.‎ 一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be.                   否定回答:No, 主语 + be not.‎ Are you going to see your friends this weekend?   Yes ,I am.   /    No, I’m not.‎ 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?‎ What is he going to do this weekend?   When are you going to see your friends?‎ ‎2) 如果表示计划去某地,可直接用 be going to + 地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday.‎ ‎3) 表示位置移动的动词,如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。‎ The bus is coming.              My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.‎ ‎4) be going to 与 will 的区别:‎ ‎① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达,will 没有人称和数的变化,变否定句要在will 后面加not,‎ 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。‎ Will planes be large in the future?         Yes, they will. /  No, they won’t.‎ ‎②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情,而be going to 指某事肯定发生,常表示事情很快就要发生。   ‎ I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.‎ ‎③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will.    I will ten years old next year.‎ ‎④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.   I’m tired I will go to bed.‎ ‎⑤ 表示意愿用will.     I’ll tell you the truth.‎ ‎⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.‎ I’m going to buy a computer this month.‎ ‎---Let’s discuss the plan, shall we?   ----Not now. I ______ to an interview.  A. go  B. went   C. am going  D. was going ‎------Jack is busy packing luggage.   ---Yes. He ____for America on vacation.  A. leaves B. left  C. is leaving  D. has been away 三、重要句子(语法)‎ What do you want to be when you grow up?                I want to be an engineer.‎ How are you going to do that?                       I’m going to study math really hard.‎ Where are you going to work?                        I’m going to move to Shanghai.‎ When are you going to start?              I’m going to start when I finish high school and college.‎ 四、词语辨析 ‎1 promise vt. 保证,许诺。有三种结构:‎ ‎1)promise to do sth. ——My mother promised to buy a piano for me.‎ ‎2)promise sb. sth.  ——My aunt promised me a bike.‎ ‎3)promise + that 从句——Tom promises that he can return on time.‎ promise n. 允诺, 诺言   Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.‎ ‎2.when 与 while 的区别:‎ when 表示“当…时候”,既指时间点,又指一段时间,when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.‎ When she arrives, I’ll call you.‎ while 表示“当…时候”,仅指一段时间,从句中的动作必须是延续性的,一般强调主从句的动作同时发生, while  还可以作并列连词,意为“ 而、却”,表示对比关系。‎ Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.‎ Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.  ‎ ‎3. practice vt.  练习, 后接名词,代词或v-ing 作宾语。‎ Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.‎ 常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有:‎ 考虑建议盼原谅:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.‎ 承认推迟没得想:admit, delay/put off, fancy.‎ 避免错过继续练:avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.‎ 否认完成能欣赏:deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.‎ 不禁介意与逃亡:can’t help , mind, escape.‎ 不准冒险凭想象:forbid, risk, imagine.‎ ‎4. everyday 与 every day 区别 everyday  adj. 每天的   在句中作定语,位于名词前。This is our everyday homework.‎ every day  副词短语, 在句中作状语,位于句首或句末。He reads books every day.‎ Unit 7 Will people have robots?‎ 词汇精讲 1. during during是介词,意为“在……期间”。例如: I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing. 我在北京逗留期间去北京看我叔叔了。 【拓展】during;in与for (1) during指“在……时间内,在……的期间”。谓语动词常为表示持续性的动作或状态的动词,时间段前常有限定词(the; 物主代词等),表特指。例如:     He asked many questions during the three meetings.     在这三次会议期间,他问了许多问题。 (2) in意为“在……时间内”,一般情况下可以和during互换,用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点;during既可表示“在整个时间段期间”,也可表示“某时间段内的某个时间点”。例如:     Mike put his hand up three times during/in the class.     在这节课内,Mike举了三次手。 (3) for意为“(时间)长达……”,强调时间由始至终,动作也贯穿这段时间的始终,可以和完成时连用。强调持续时间的长短,回答how long的提问;而during则是指动作所发生的时间,回答when的提问。例如:     He stayed in Beijing for two years. 他在北京住了两年。     He swims every day during the summer. 夏天他每天去游泳。 2. in 100 years in 100 years意为“100年之后”,是由“介词in + 一段时间”构成,表示“在……之后”,多用于一般将来时。对此短语提问时常用how soon。例如:     I will finish the task in two hours.     我将在两个小时后完成这项任务。 【拓展】in;after与later ‎ 词语 ‎ 词性 ‎         特点 ‎    用法 in ‎ 介词 以现在时间为起点的“一段时间以后(之内)”。‎ ‎①用于将来时  ②接一段时间 after ‎ 介词 以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”。也可用于将来的时间点之后。‎ ‎①用于过去时,并接一段时间  ②用于将来时间点之后,表将来 later ‎ 副词 一段时间 + later ‎①一段时间 + later,常用于过去时  ② later单独用,可用于过去时或将来时 例如:     He will get there in three days. 他将在三天后到那里。    He started on Monday and arrived in Beijing after three days.     他星期一出发,三天后到达北京。     I’ll be free after Friday. 我星期五之后有空。    Ten years later, the old man died.     十年后,那位老人去世了 ‎ 3. few/less/more (1) fewer是few的比较级,修饰可数名词,意为“更少”。例如:    There will be fewer people in the future. 将来人会更少。 (2) less是little的比较级,修饰不可数名词,意为“更少”。例如:     There is less snow this year. 今年下得雪更少。 (3) more是many和much的比较级,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,意为“更多”。例如:     I want more water. 我想要更多的水。     She wants more books to read. 她想要读更多的书。 4. as a reporter as在此意为“作为;以……身份”。例如:     She worked as a teacher for ten years.     她当了10年的教师了。【拓展】as与like (1) as常作连词,有“像……一样”的意思,其后多接从句;作介词,意为“作为”,其后多接表示职业、职务、用途、作用之类的名词。例如:     Don’t make the same mistakes as I did. 不要犯像我一样的错误。     He worked there as a volunteer. 他作为一名志愿者在那里工作。 (2) like作介词,意为“像……”,只侧重比较,后多接名词或代词。例如:     Li Ping looks like my brother. 李平看起来像我的弟弟。 5. hundreds ofhundreds of 表示“数百,成百上千的”这时hundred后要加-s,且后面有介词of,但是不能与数词连用。例如:    There are hundreds of people in the restaurant. 在餐馆里有成百上千的人。【注意】hundred是数词,意为“百”,当表示具体的“几百”时,用“基数词 + hundred”,注意不加-s。例如:    There are nine hundred students in our school. 我们学校有900名学生。 ‎ ‎【拓展】 表示数词的还有thousand“千”,million“百万”,billion“十亿”。它们的用法和hundred一样,可以用来表示约数和确数。 6. be able tobe able to意为“能够做某事”。able为形容词,意为“有能力的;能干的;会”。able前面加前缀“un”,表否定。例如:     She is able to answer the question. 她能回答这个问题。     The child is not able to write.    = The child is unable to write. 这个孩子不会写字。【拓展】can与be able to 两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形can和过去式could两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。例如:     Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。     He could speak English at the age of 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。     We’ll be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。     He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。     I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。     We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.     我们能在中午到达山顶。‎ ‎ 7. onon作介词可以表示(1)在……之上。例如:    Your book is on the desk. 你的书在桌子上。(2)附近,靠近。例如:    He is on my right. 他在我的右边。(3)在……的时候。例如:    I get up late on Sundays. 周日我起得较晚。(4)关于。例如:    He gives us a lecture on how to learn English.    他给我们做了一个关于怎么学习英语的报告。(5)通过(某种方式)。例如:     I study English on radio. 我通过收音机学英语。 8. free(1)表示“空闲的;免费的;自由的”等。例如:    He gets a free afternoon once a week. 他每周有一个下午空闲。    Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗?    The prisoners wish to be free again. 囚犯们希望重获自由。 (2)be free to do sth.意为“自由地做某事”。例如:    You are free to go or to stay. 要走要留悉听尊便。    Please feel free to ask questions. 有问题请随便问。 9. already/yet already作副词,意为“已经;早已”。例如:    I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。【拓展】 already与yet(1)already意为“已经”,常用于肯定陈述句中,一般位于助动词之后,实义动词之前。用于疑问句时表示“惊喜;意外”之意。例如:    The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。     Is it 5 o’clock already? 已经五点了吗? (2)yet意为“已经;还”,用于疑问句或否定句时,放在句末。例如:    Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗?    He hasn’t finished it yet. 他还没有干完呢。  10. believe believe作动词,意为“相信;认为有可能”。例如: ‎ ‎    I don’t believe him. 我不相信他。(1) believe用作及物动词时,后面可跟名词、代词或that/wh-从句作宾语,也可接that从句(表示将来)充当直接宾语的双宾语。例如:     I believe that man. 我相信那个人。     Everybody believed her. 大家都相信她。     He believed what his friend told him. 他相信他的朋友告诉他的话。    I believe you that he will be there. 我相信你他会在那里。 (2) believe后接从句如果表示否定,否定词往往要放在主句里。例如:    I don’t believe he can fix the bike. 我认为他修不好这辆自行车。【拓展】believe sb.与believe in sb.believe与believe in都有“相信”的意思。其区别在于:believe sb.表示相信某人说的话是真的;而believe in sb.则指相信某人的人格。例如:    I can believe him, but I can not believe in him.     我可以相信他的话是真的,但是不相信他的为人。 句式精讲 ‎1. Do you think…? Do you think…?意为“你认为……?”通常用来征求对方的意见或看法。后面常接宾语从句,从句用陈述语序。简略回答应根据从句内容。例如:    — Do you think he will come here?你认为他会来这里吗?    — Yes, he will. 是的,他会的。【拓展】do you think还可用作插入语,在特殊疑问句中放在特殊疑问词之后,疑问句其他部分用陈述句语序。例如:    What do you think the robot will do? 你认为这个机器人将会做什么?    Where do you think he will be? 你认为他会在哪里? 2. There will be…There will be是there be句型的将来时形式,也可用there is/are going to be…来表将来时。例如:    There will / are going to be a lot of personal cars in our town.    在我们小镇上将有许多私家车。    There will/is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow.    明天我们学校将有一场足球比赛。【注意】there与be动词连用表示“有”,不能与have连用出现在同一句话中。 3. However, some scientistsbelieve that although we can make robots move like people… 此句中make作使役动词,make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”,后接省略to的动词不定式,类似的动词还有let,have等。例如:     The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。    They madeus forget the past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。【注意】make在被动用法中,动词前必须要加上to。例如:     She is made to repeat the whole story.     她被要求重述一遍整个故事。 4. Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans… try意为“努力、试图、尽力做某事”。可作及物动词或不及物动词。作及物动词时,可构成以下结构:    try sth. 尝试某事    try to do sth. 尽力做某事    try doing sth. 尝试做某事 例如:    I’ve tried the new machine. 我已经试过了这台新机器。    We’ll try to answer all the questions. 我们将尽量回答所有的问题。    We tried growing our own vegetables. 我们尝试自己种菜。【拓展】try的相关短语:try ‎ one’s best to do sth. 相当于do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力……”。    try on试穿    try out 试用,试验    have atry 试一试 5. Some will look like humans,and others might look like animals. look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如:    He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。    That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have.     那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。    It looks like it's going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。 【拓展】(1)take after意为“像……,与……相似”。最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间,外貌用的最多,也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如:    She took after her mother almost in everything.  她几乎与她母亲一模一样。    Adam is my grandfather and I take after him. 亚当是我的祖父,我和他很相像(2)be similar to意为“与……相似”,一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如:    His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。‎ Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. cut是“切, 割”的意思,过去式为cut。‎ cut up 意为“切碎”‎ Cut up the oranges. = Cut the oranges up.       ‎ Cut it /them up.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)  ‎ turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等)‎ turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等)     ‎ turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. one more thing 另外一件事情      ‎ another nine  minutes 再多十分钟 数字+ more + 物品  指“另外的……‎ another + 数字 + 物品  指“另外的……‎ 当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。‎ Give me two more apples?‎ another two apples ‎ ‎ ‎4. forget to do sth. 忘记(去)做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth.  该是(某人)做某事的时期了 It’s time (for sb.)to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间了。‎ It’s a time for you to play basketball.‎ It’s time for him to go to hospital.(It’s time for hospital.)‎ ‎6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”‎ We should give thanks for our teachers.‎ She gave thanks for life and food.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.‎ by +sth./doing :‎ ‎1)以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.‎ ‎2)在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.     ‎ ‎3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.  ‎ ‎4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8. Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句 Here is a photo of my friends.‎ Here are+名复                          ‎ Here are some Chinese books.‎ 当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如:Here you are.(对)  Here are you.(错)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)‎ be full of“装满…”(强调状态)‎ I filled the cup with the water.   ‎ The cup is full of the water.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. put…in(into)… 把…...放到...… 里 ‎ ‎ ‎11. cover…with… 用…...覆盖 ‎ ‎ ‎12. cut …into 把…...切成...… Cut the banana into four pieces.‎ cut up… 切碎 ‎ ‎ ‎13. serve v. 服务  n. service serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves dilicious food.‎ serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb.  Serve it to your friends with some bread.‎ serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the friends with some milk.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 重点单词 shake[ʃek]‎ vt. 动摇;摇动;震动 vi. 动摇;摇动;发抖 n. 摇动;哆嗦 milk shake奶昔(牛奶和冰淇淋等的混合饮料)‎ blender['blendər] 搅拌器;果汁机 turn on 接通(水、煤气、电等开关)打开 peel [piːl] vt.剥落;削皮 pour [pɔːr] 倒;倾倒 yogurt ['joʊɡərt] 酸奶;‎ honey ['hʌni]蜂蜜 watermelon ['wɔːtərmelən]西瓜 spoon [spuːn] 勺,调羹 pot [pɑt]‎ n. 壶;盆;罐 vt. 把…装罐;射击;节略 vi. 随手射击 add [æd] 增加finally ['faɪnəli]最后,最终 salt[sɔːlt] 盐sugar['ʃʊɡər]糖 cheese[tʃiːz] 干酪,奶酪 popcorn ['pɑːpkɔːrn] 爆米花 corn [kɔːrn] 玉米,谷物 machine[mə'ʃiːn] 机器 dig [dɪɡ] vt. 挖,掘;探究vi. 挖掘n. 戳,刺;挖苦 hole[hol]‎ n. 洞,孔;洞穴,穴;突破口 vi.穿孔;(高尔夫球等)进洞 vt. 凿洞 sandwich['s æ nwɪtʃ] 三明治 butter['bʌtər] 黄油,奶油 turkey ['tɜːrki]火鸡 lettuce ['letɪs] 莴苣,生菜 piece[piːs] 件;篇;片;块;‎ Thanksgiving [,θæŋks'ɡɪvɪŋ] n. 感恩节 traditional [trə'dɪʃənl] 传统的 autumn ['ɔtəm]‎ n. 秋天;成熟期;渐衰期,凋落期 adj. 秋天的,秋季的 traveler ['trævlə] 旅行者 England['ɪŋɡlənd]英格兰;英国 celebrate ['selɪb reɪt] 庆祝;庆贺 mix [mɪks]‎ vt. 配制;混淆;使混和;使结交 vi. 参与;相混合;交往 n. 混合;混合物;混乱 pepper ['pepər] 胡椒粉;辣椒 fill[fɪl]‎ vt. 装满,使充满;满足;堵塞;任职 vi. 被充满,膨胀 n.满足;填满的量;装填物 oven['ʌvn] 烤箱;烤炉 plate [plet]‎ n. 碟;金属板;金属牌;感光底片 vt. 电镀;给…装甲 cover['kʌvər] 遮盖,盖子,‎ gravy['ɡreɪvi]肉汁;肉汤 serve[sɜːrv] 接待,服务 temperature ['temprətʃər] 温度,气候 Unit 9 Can you come to my party?‎ 习惯用法、搭配 ‎1、invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事, ‎ ‎2、What  a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!‎ ‎3、help sb. (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事, ‎ ‎4、What + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!‎ ‎5、be sad to do sth. 做某事感到悲伤,‎ ‎6、see sb to do sth /see sb doing sth看见某人做某事,‎ ‎7、the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方法, ‎ ‎8、have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会,‎ ‎9、look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事,‎ ‎10、reply to sth/sb.回答某人/回答某事,‎ ‎11、What’s today? 今天星期几,几月几日?‎ ‎12、What’s the date today?今天几月几日? ‎ ‎13、What day is it today?今天星期几?‎ 词语辨析 ‎1、prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。  prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。  /  prepare to do sth  准备做某事。 ‎ prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。‎ get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:①be ready(for sth.)②get sth. ready③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事,乐于干某事)‎ We _____ the mid-term examination.  Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.‎ ‎2. have the flu 患感冒, have a cold 感冒 ,have a cough 咳嗽, have a fever 发烧 ,  have a sore throat 喉咙痛, have a headache 头痛 ,have a toothache 牙痛,‎ ‎3. hang out 常去某处,泡在某处, hang on 紧紧抓住,  hang about 闲荡, hang up  挂电话,悬挂,挂起 ‎4. catch you =see you = bye bye ,catch a cold感冒 , catch sb’s eye引起某人注意, catch the train 赶上火车 ‎ catch up with =keep up with 赶上,跟上 ,catch hold of=take hold of 抓住 ‎5.accept 接受 , 反义词为:refuse。  accept指主观上愿意接受,receive 收到,指客观上收到或拿到,但主观上不一定会接受。I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.‎ ‎1. turn down = refuse 拒绝    turn up 放大,调高    turn over 翻身    take turns 依次,轮流 ‎2. help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事  help sb. with sth  在某方面帮助人   help oneself to sth  随便吃 ‎3. at the end of  在…末尾,在…尽头,  by the end of   到…末为止     in the end of  终于 ‎4. surprised 形容词,感到意外的,主语是人be surprised to do sth  对做某事感到意外 surprising 形容词,令人惊讶的,主语是物  The news was surpring.‎ surprise 名词,惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊,动词,使惊奇,使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.‎ ‎5. look forward to  期待,盼望,to 是介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词作宾语。‎ hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.‎ hear of = hear about 听说 ‎6. make it 在约定的时间内到达,能够来 =  arrive in time;   Glad you could make it.‎ 商量确定的时间,表示将来某项计划的安排,后接时间状语。Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.‎ 成功办成某事 = succeed  After years of hard work, he finally made it.‎ ‎7. reply  回答,指用口头或书面形式回答,不及物动词  reply to sb/sth.  对…..作出回答。‎ 作及物动词,意为 回答,回答说。作名词,意为:答道,回信,答复,后跟介词 to .‎ answer 是最普通的用语,包括口头,书面或行动的回答,可作及物和不及物动词。‎ Unit10‎ 词汇精讲 ‎1. upset(1) upset可作形容词,意为“难过的;失望的;沮丧的”。例如:    Don’t get so upset. 别那么沮丧。    After she died I felt very, very upset. 她去世之后,我非常非常难过。(2) upset还可作动词,意为“使心烦意乱,使生气”。例如:    She warned me not to say anything to upset him.     她警告我不要说任何让他不高兴的话。    Don’t upset yourself, Ida. 别自寻烦恼了,艾达。(3) be upset with sb.‎ ‎ 意为“生某人的气”。例如:    he is still upset with me. 她还在生我的气。 2. adviceadvice是不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”,不能与不定冠词a 连用。例如:    a piece of advice一条建议    Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。【拓展】(1) give sb. advice (on) 给……提(有关……)的建议。例如:    Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well?    你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗?(2) take one’s advice 听从某人的建议  例如:    I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day.     我会听从你的建议,每天锻炼身体。(3) advise是advice的动词形式,意为“建议”,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。例如:    He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。‎ ‎ 3. unless连词unless意为“除非……;如果不……”, 用来引导条件状语从句,引导条件句时,主要用于下列情况:(1)主句为肯定句。例如:    Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want.    如果我不到城里每一家书店去看看,我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。    You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.    你要不快点就会错过班车。    You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder.    如果你不再加把劲,你化学考试还会不及格。(2)主句为否定句。例如:    I wouldn’t be saying this unless I were sure of the facts.    要是我对这些事情没有把握,我就不说这话了。    You will never get anywhere unless you have set your goal.    如果你不设定目标,你哪儿也去不了。 4. angryangry是形容词,意为“发怒的;生气的”。例如:    My best friend is angry with me.     我最好的朋友在生我的气。    He got angry at her answer.    他对她的答复很生气。【拓展】be /get angry with sb. 生某人的气  例如:    I am angry with him because he broke the glass.     因为他打碎了玻璃杯,所以我生他的气。be /get angry at / about sth. 因某事而生气  例如:    She got very angry about his laughing at her.     因为他嘲笑她,她很生气。 5. carefulcareful是形容词,意为“小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的”。例如:    Be careful! There is a truck coming.小心!有辆卡车过来了。    Be careful of the traffic. 注意交通安全。    You should be careful with your money. 你花钱要精打细算。【拓展】    carefully adv.  小心地;谨慎地    careless adj. 马虎的;粗心的 ‎ 6.solvesolve 作及物动词,意为“解决;阐明;解答(数学题)”。例如:    With thehelp of his friends, he finally solved the problem.     在朋友们的帮助下,他终于解决了问题。    She triedto solve a crossword puzzle.     她试着解答一道纵横字谜。    What’s your problem?Can you ‎ solve it by yourself?     你的问题(困难)是什么?你能自己解决吗? 7.experience(1) 作可数名词,意为“经历,阅历”,常用于词组have / be an experience有/是一次经历。例如:    He had many interesting experienceswhile traveling in North America.    他在北美旅行时有许多有趣的经历。(2) 作不可数名词,意为“经验,体验”,对应的形容词为experienced有经验的。例如:    She is a teacher with richexperience of teaching.     她是一位教学经验丰富的老师。    Yang Liwei is an experiencedpilot.     杨利伟是一位有经验的飞行员。(3) 作动词,意为“经历,感受”。例如:    The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。    He experienced great hardships forthe first time in his life.     他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。 8. elseelse作形容词,意为“别的,其他的”,常用于不定代词后面。(1)常用在much, little, all(=everything)等词后面。    Not much else is known. 其他的不很清楚。    There was little else he could do. 他再没有别的什么可做了。    We don’t know much else about his life. 对他生平别的方面我们知道很少。(2) 常用在 -one, -body, -thing, -place, -where 结尾的不定代词后面。    Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的什么事要做吗?    Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。    You can’t get it anywhere else. 你在任何别的地方都找不到它。    He has nothing else to do today. 我今天没有别的事要干。(3) 常用在who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词后面。    Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁?    Where else did you go? 你还去过什么别的地方?    But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么? 9. in the endin the end意为“最后,终于”,相当于at last,finally。例如:    We won in the end.最后,我们取得了胜利。【拓展】(1) by the end of到……为止,在……以前,常与过去完成时连用。例如:    He had finished the work by the end of last month.    上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。(2) at the end of在……末尾,在……尽头,后既可以接表示时间的名词,也可以接表示地点的名词。    The hospital is at the end of the road.医院就在路的尽头。例如:    He will come to see you at the end of this month.这个月底他要来看你。     10. mistakemistake是名词,意为“错误;失误”。例如:    His homework is always full of mistakes. 他的作业总是错误百出。【拓展】    make a mistake犯错误    by mistake错误地(不是故意做某事) 例如:    It’s easy to make a mistake. 犯错误很容易。    I took your bag by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。 02句式精讲 ‎1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.‎ ‎(1)本句是if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:    ‎ If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.    ‎ 如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。  ‎ ‎(2) 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,if 条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若 if 条件句放句首, 从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。    ‎ If you ask him,hewill help you. = He will help you if you ask him.     ‎ 如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。‎ 口诀:    ‎ if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;   ‎ 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。      ‎ 条件句表可能,主句多用将来时。  2. …because they’ll be too lazy to cook.‎ too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的,但意义上却表示否定含义,所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not,只接动词原形即可,too后接形容词或副词原形。例如:    ‎ The book is too difficult to understand.这本书难于理解。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎(1) 在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后所跟的介词不能省略。例如:   ‎ The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。‎ ‎(2) 在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子的主语时,动词不定式后面不能再加代词作宾语。例如:    The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了,无法回答。‎ ‎(3) 在too…to…句型中,当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时,可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑主语,即for sb.形式。例如:   ‎ ‎ The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了,他搬不动。‎ ‎(4) 含too…to…的句子可以改写成so…that…句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。例如:    ‎ He is too old to do hard work. =    ‎ He is so old that he can’t do hardwork.      ‎ 他年纪太大而不能干重活。 ‎ ‎(5) 含too…to…的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换,但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如:    ‎ He is too old to do hard work. =    ‎ He is not young enough to do hard work.     ‎ 他年纪大了,不能做重活。‎ ‎ 3. Sometimes they have problems with their school work…    ‎ have problems with sth. 意为“在某方面有困难/有问题”。例如:   ‎ ‎ He has some problems with his ears. 他的耳朵有些问题。‎ ‎【拓展】    ‎ have problem doing sth. = have problem (in)doing sth.意为“做某事遇到困难或麻烦”,也可用have trouble/difficulty (in) doingsth.或with sth.    ‎ 例如:    ‎ They had problems in getting here. 他们到达这里遇到很多困难。 4. I think talking to someone helps a lot.‎ talking to someone是动名词短语,在句子中作从句的主语。动名词是动词的一种形式,具有名词特点,在句子中可以充当主语、表语或宾语。   ‎ ‎(1) 作主语,动名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:    ‎ Walking on the moon is not so easy. 在月球上行走是不容易的。   ‎ ‎ Flying makes menervous. 飞行使我很紧张。‎ ‎(2) 作宾语,有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:   ‎ ‎ Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?   ‎ ‎ 你介意把收音机音量调小一点吗?    ‎ The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.   ‎ ‎ 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。   ‎ ‎(3) 作表语,动名词作表语,对主语进行说明、解释。例如:    ‎ Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.   ‎ 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 5. She was afraid to tell her parents about it.‎ ‎(1) be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”,be afraid 之后可接不定式,也可接名词、代词或of doing sth。例如:    ‎ She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。    ‎ She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。    ‎ I’m afraid of the dog.我怕狗。‎ ‎(2) 但若要表示担心可能会发生某事,则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。例如:    ‎ I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。‎ ‎(3) be afraid后可接that从句。例如:    ‎ He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.    ‎ 他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。‎
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