公开课 中考英语专题复习三定语从句的考点讲解和训练

公开课 中考英语专题复习三定语从句的考点讲解和训练

中考专题复习三：定语从句（Attributive clause）的考点讲解和训练 ‎【考点扫描】‎ 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：‎ 1． 定语从句的功用和结构 2． 关系代词和关系副词的功用 3． 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。‎ ‎★★ 什么是定语？‎ 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明________或________的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词来作定语，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用‘……的’表示。单个的词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词_______，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词________，作后置定语。‎ 例如:a famous university.（_________做定语）‎ The boy in blue is Tom. 穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。（_________做定语）‎ I want something to eat .（_________做定语）‎ A student called Mike is very polite.（______做定语）‎ ‎【精讲】 ‎ 一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一____词或_____词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做________。定语从句必须放在先行词之____。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when，why等。‎ 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. ‎ ‎2) You must do everything that I do. ‎ ‎★★ 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词做状语。‎ ‎★★关系代词和关系副词由先行词确定。‎ 二. 定语从句的分类 ‎　根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为__________定语从句及__________定语从句。_______定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，________定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。‎ 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 ‎1. who 先行词 指人，在定语从句中可作主语。例如：‎ The person who broke the window must pay for it.‎ ‎2. whom先行词指人，在定语从句中可作宾语，可以省略。例如：‎ Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？‎ ‎3. whose先行词指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可作定语。例如：‎ The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.‎ ‎4. which先行词指物，在定语从中作可主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。例如：‎ A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.‎ ‎5. that先行词可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。例如：I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.‎ Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?‎ ‎6. when先行词指时间，在定语从句中可作时间状语。例如：‎ ‎ I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.‎ ‎ He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.‎ ‎7. where先行词指地点，在定语从句中可作地点状语。例如：‎ ‎ This is the house where we lived last year.‎ ‎ 8. why 先行词指原因，在定语从句中可作原因状语。例如：‎ ‎　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.‎ 四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：‎ ‎1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：‎ ‎(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：‎ ‎ All that he said is true. ‎ ‎ (2) 先行词被被the only, the very, the last, the next等词修饰时。例如：‎ ‎ He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. ‎ ‎(3) 先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级，或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：‎ He was the second (person) that told me the secret.‎ ‎(4) 先行词是以which/who开头的疑问句时. 例如：‎ Who is the girl that is crying？‎ ‎(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：‎ He talked about the people and the things he remembered.‎ ‎2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：‎ ‎(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：‎ ‎ The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.‎ ‎ (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：‎ ‎ The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.‎ ‎【中考范例】‎ ‎ 1.---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?‎ ‎ ---Yes, he does.‎ ‎ A. which B. whose C. where D. who ‎ 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。‎ ‎ 2. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.‎ ‎ A. who B. where C. what D. that ‎ 【解析 ‎】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。‎ ‎★★ 注意：1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：‎ I don’t like people who talk much but do little.‎ The cars which are produced in Hubei‎ ‎Province sell very well.‎ ‎ 2. what不能引导定语从句.‎ ‎3.先行词指人时，that和who或whom可以互换.‎ ‎4.先行词指物时，that和which可以互换.‎ ‎5.介词前置时，只能选which或whom.‎ ‎【满分演练】 ‎ 一. 请分析以下定语从句：(划出定语从句，并标出先行词)‎ ‎1. Check the ways you study for an English test. ‎ ‎2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. ‎ ‎3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. ‎ ‎4.  I have some ideas that may help. ‎ ‎5. They said something you didn’t like. ‎ ‎6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?‎ ‎8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. ‎ ‎9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. ‎ ‎10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?‎ 二. 单项填空 ‎( )1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?‎ ‎ ---Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.‎ ‎ A. he B. that C. whom D. which ‎( )2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. they D. where ‎( )3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. who D. whom ‎( )4. George was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. he D. which ‎( )5. This is the place     _____I have ever visited.‎ ‎  A. there       B. when      C. where       D. which ‎( )6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. why D. when ‎( )7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. where D. why ‎( )8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.‎ ‎ A. when B. where C. that D. which ‎( )9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.‎ ‎ A. when B. where C. that D. on which ‎( )10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.‎ ‎ A. who B. that C. whose D. which ‎( )11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. when D. where ‎( )12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.‎ ‎ A. in which B. that C. whose D. where ‎( )13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.‎ ‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎( )14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. when D. where ‎( )15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. where D. when ‎( ) 16. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ‎( )17. What’s the name of the program________.‎ ‎ A. which are listening B. you are listening to ‎ C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening ‎( ) 18. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.‎ ‎ A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything ‎( ) 19. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.‎ ‎ A. whom B. whose C. that D. which ‎( ) 20. This is the museum______ we visited last year.‎ ‎ A. where B. in which C. which D. in that ‎( ) 21. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.‎ ‎ A. that B. what C. which D. who ‎( ) 22. Do you know the student_____?‎ ‎ A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk ‎ C. I often talk with D. that I often talk ‎( ) 23. I like the house_____ windows face south.‎ ‎ A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its ‎( ) 24. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?‎ ‎ A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it ‎( )25. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.‎ ‎ A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that 三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 ‎1. The house _______ we live in is very big.‎ ‎2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.‎ ‎3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.‎ ‎4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.‎ ‎5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.‎ ‎6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.‎ ‎7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.‎ ‎8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.‎ ‎9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?‎ ‎10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.‎