2014年版高考英语代词语法考点练习题目

2014年版高考英语代词语法考点练习题目

代词考点 ‎◆典型陷阱题分析◆‎ ‎1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.‎ A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：‎ Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。‎ Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。‎ Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。‎ 以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B： ‎ ‎_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.‎ A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever ‎2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one. ‎ A. like, want B. likes, wants C. likes, want D. like, wants ‎【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。‎ ‎【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。‎ ‎3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.‎ A. any B. any other C. other D. another ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：‎ He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。‎ English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。‎ ‎【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：‎ China‎ is larger than _____ country in Asia.‎ A. any B. any other C. other D. another 此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。‎ ‎4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”‎ A. what, both B. what, none C. which, both C. which, none ‎【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。‎ ‎5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”‎ A. Neither, not B. Both, more C. Either, the most D. All, the most ‎【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。‎ ‎【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。‎ ‎6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was? ‎ A. where B. what ‎ C. how D. which 此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：‎ ‎(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.” ‎ A. what B. when ‎ C. which D. who 此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”‎ ‎(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.‎ A. what B. when C. which D. whom 此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。 ‎ ‎7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____. ‎ A. another B. trousers C. others D. other ‎【陷阱】容易误选A、B。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。‎ ‎8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____. ‎ A. other B. the other C. the others D. another ‎ ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：‎ ‎(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?‎ A. other B. the other C. the others D. another ‎(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.‎ A. other B. the other C. the others D. another ‎(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____. ‎ A. other B. the other C. the others D. another 比较以下各例： ‎ ‎(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.‎ A. another B. some other C. other D. the other 答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one … the other … 结构。‎ ‎(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.‎ A. another B. some other C. other D. the other 答案选D，twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用 one … the other … 这一结构。‎ ‎9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom. ‎ A. all B. each C. every D. either 此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。‎ ‎10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”‎ A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere ‎【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。‎ ‎【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：‎ I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。‎ The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。‎ Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。‎ Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。‎ ‎11. Tell _______ you like — it makes no difference to me.‎ A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. what ‎【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：‎ ‎(1) _____ comes is welcome.‎ A. Anyone B. Who ‎ C. Anyone who D. Everyone 此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。‎ ‎(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.‎ A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. Everyone 此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。‎ ‎(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests. ‎ A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever ‎ 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。‎ 比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：‎ It was a matter of _____ would take the position.‎ A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever ‎12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.‎ A. such, it B. that, it C. such, 不填 D. that，不填 ‎【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：‎ Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）‎ I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）‎ 注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。‎ 另外，汉语中说“好好想一想”，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。‎ ‎13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.‎ A. another B. a good one C. it with another D. it for another ‎【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是“换某物”，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：‎ That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。‎ That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。‎ ‎14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. ‎ A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing ‎ ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。‎ ‎【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：‎ ‎______ likes money, but money is not ______. ‎ A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything 最佳答案选A，句意为“大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。‎ ‎15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”‎ A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。‎ ‎【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：‎ ‎“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”‎ A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody 此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。‎ 请再看一例：‎ ‎“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”‎ ‎16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。‎ ‎【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：‎ ‎(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject. ‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway. ‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎17. Some say one thing, but _____.‎ A. other, another B. others, another ‎ C. others, the other D. the others, others ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：‎ One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)‎ I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)‎ My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）‎ ‎18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses. ‎ A. that B. he C. one D. which ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：‎ ‎(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.‎ A. one B. it C. those D. which ‎(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?” ‎ A. it B. that C. one D. this ‎(3) The question is _____ of great importance. ‎ A. that B. it C. one D. what ‎(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.‎ A. one 　 B. it C. them 　 D. the one ‎(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. ‎ A. that B. one ‎ C. it D. what ‎◆精编陷阱题训练◆‎ ‎1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.‎ A. he B. it C. which D. as ‎2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.‎ A. either B. neither C. another D. the other ‎3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.‎ A. that, that B. what, what C. which, what D. as, which ‎4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper. ‎ A. that B. for C. what D. 不填 ‎5. Energy is ____ makes one work.‎ A. what B. something C. anything D. that ‎6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.‎ A. such B. so C. those D. which ‎7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?‎ A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one ‎8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.‎ A. nothing B. none C. no one D. no any ‎9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.‎ A. It, that B. That, how C. What, how D. As, that ‎10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else. ‎ A. that B. what C. which D. how ‎11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket. ‎ A. Which B. Whichever C. Who D. Whatever ‎12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago. ‎ A. that B. which C. as D. what ‎13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me. ‎ A. one B. it C. that D. him ‎14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better. ‎ A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something ‎15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?‎ A. whose else’s B. who’s else C. whose else D. who else’s ‎16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.‎ A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. No matter who ‎17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.‎ A. whomever B. anyone ‎ C. whoever D. no matter who ‎18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.‎ A. none B. either C. all D. neither ‎19. —Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?‎ ‎— _______. They are not so nice as I expected.‎ A. Neither B. All C. Nothing D. None ‎20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.‎ A. either B. neither C. any D. none ‎ ‎21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”‎ A. either B. each C. one D. it ‎22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”‎ A. one B. any C. another D. some ‎ ‎23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”‎ A. him B. he C. I D. me ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. 选B，it 指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词 but，所以不能选C。当然，若去掉空格前的but，则可选C。‎ ‎3. 选B，因是 both teams，即谈论的是两者，因此可锁定A和B；从语境上看，应选B，即双方都不愿输。‎ ‎3. 选B。即两空均填 what，第一个what 相当于 something that；第二个what 相当于the thing that。‎ ‎4. 选C，what 在句中用作动词 read 的宾语。‎ ‎5. 选A，what 相当于 something that。‎ ‎6. 选C，但容易误选A。按英语习惯，受 such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能换成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或who，则需将 such 换掉，如说成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.‎ ‎7. 选C，句意为“教室几乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？”‎ ‎8. 选B，nothing 指“什么也没有”；none 指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 时要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。‎ ‎9. 选C，what worries me 为主语从句，且 what 在主语从句中用作主语。‎ ‎10. 选B。从句意推知。‎ ‎11. 选B 最佳，因 who后通常不接表示范围的 of 短语，故不宜选C；若选A，则句型不对；若选D，则语义不通。‎ ‎12. 选D，what 相当于 the amount that。‎ ‎13. 选 A，one 在此相当于a friend。‎ ‎14. 选C，I like nothing better 相当于 It’s the best thing I like。‎ ‎15. 选D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后，但习惯上不放在which之后，而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后，遇此情况可用 who else’s，如：‎ Who else’s fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗? ‎ 但是，若其后不修饰名词，有时也可用whose else。如：‎ Whose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗?‎ ‎16. 选C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。‎ ‎17. 选C。whoever shares her interests用作介词of的宾语，同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。‎ ‎18. 选B。由于句中谈到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即谈的是两者，故排除选项A和C，因为 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词without，故空格处填either, 不用 neither。‎ ‎19. 选D。none 可视为 I like none of them 之省略。从下文的语境看，空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除B；虽然A、C、D均表否定意义，但neither 与前面的best（既然使用最高级，说明有三者或多者在作比较）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也没有”，不合语境。‎ ‎20. 选 C。none 和 neither 表否定，与句中的 refused to acept这一语境不符。在 either 与 any 两个选项中，either 指两者，与句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能选 any，指三者中的任意一个。‎ ‎21. 选 A。比较四个选项：either 指两者中的“任意一个”，each 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”，it 替代“the +单数名词”。‎ ‎22. 选 B。根据下文的 it’s all the same to me(对我都一样)可知，选 any 最合语境。‎ ‎23. 选 D。Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还通常在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。)‎