2018河南中考专项复习之代词精讲精练

2018河南中考专项复习之代词精讲精练

‎【基础知识巩固】‎ 代词 什么叫代词：‎ 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 人称代词 　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 ‎ ‎2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： I like table tennis. （作主语）‎ Do you know him?（作宾语）‎ ‎3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：‎ ‎---Whos is knocking at the door?‎ ‎---It’s me.‎ ‎4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：‎ He is older than me.‎ He is older than I am. 二. 物主代词 1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词，如下表所示。 ‎ ‎2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：‎ ‎ Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。‎ ‎ Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）‎ ‎ --- Is this English-book yours? （作表语） --- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语） 三.‎ ‎ 指示代词 　 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。‎ ‎ 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： 　 This is a pen and that is a pencil． 　 We are busy these days． 　 In those days the workers had a hard time．‎ ‎2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 ‎ 到的事物，例如： 　 I had a cold. That‘s why I didn’t come. 　 What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．‎ ‎3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： 　 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． ‎ ‎ 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：‎ ‎ Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?‎ 四. 反身代词 　 英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己"‎ 等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。 ‎ ‎ 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。‎ ‎　 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人 或一些人。 　 He called himself a writer． 　 Would you please express yourself in English?　‎ ‎2. 作表语。 　 It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon． 　 The girl in the news is myself． 　 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 　 I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） 　 You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语） 五. 不定代词 　 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表 语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：‎ some与any的区别 ‎ 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。‎ ‎ Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.‎ ‎ . Some rice in the bag has been sold out.‎ ‎ 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。‎ ‎ If you have any questions, please ask me.‎ ‎ There isn't any orange in the bottle.‎ ‎ Have you got any tea?‎ ‎ 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ How many people can you see in the picture?‎ ‎ I can't see any.‎ ‎ If you have no money, I'll lend you some.‎ ‎ 注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。‎ ‎2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 ‎1）用作形容词：‎ ‎ 含义 用法 ‎ 表示肯定 表示否定 ‎ 用于可数名词 ‎ a few虽少，但有几个 ‎ few不多，几乎没有 用于不可数名词 ‎ a little，虽少，但有一点 little不多，没有什么 ‎ ‎'m going to buy a few apples.‎ ‎ He can speak only a little Chinese.‎ ‎ There is only a little milk in the glass.‎ ‎ He has few friends.‎ ‎ They had little money with them.‎ ‎ 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。‎ ‎ I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)‎ ‎ Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)‎ ‎ Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)‎ ‎ She slept very little last night.‎ ‎3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。‎ ‎1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别 的”。‎ ‎ Where are his other books?‎ ‎ I haven't any other books except this one.‎ ‎ 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。‎ ‎ He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.‎ ‎ She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.‎ ‎ 3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。‎ ‎ Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.‎ ‎ This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.‎ ‎4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。‎ ‎ We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 ‎ o'clock.‎ ‎ In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.‎ ‎5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以 跟代词one.‎ ‎ You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?‎ ‎ Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her ‎ another one?‎ ‎ 6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。‎ ‎ I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.‎ ‎4. every与each的区别。‎ each ‎ every ‎1)可单独使用 ‎ ‎1)不可单独使用 ‎2)可做代名词、形容词 ‎2)仅作形容词 ‎3)着重“个别” ‎ ‎3)着重“全体”，毫无例外 ‎ ‎4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 ‎ ‎4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 ‎ The teacher gave a toy to each child.‎ ‎ Each ball has a different colour.‎ ‎ 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。‎ ‎ Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.‎ Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.‎ ‎5. all和both的用法。‎ ‎1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。‎ ‎ All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）‎ ‎ = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)‎ ‎ All the water has been used up. (作主语)‎ ‎ That's all for today. (作表语)‎ ‎ Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)‎ ‎ All the leaders are here. (作定语)‎ ‎ 2）both作代词。‎ ‎①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。‎ ‎ Lucy and Lily both agree with us.‎ ‎ They both passed on their sticks at the same time.‎ ‎ How are your parents? They're both fine.‎ ‎ ②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。‎ ‎ Both of them came to see Mary.‎ ‎ Both of the books are very interesting.‎ ‎ ③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。‎ ‎ Michael has two sons. Both are clever.‎ ‎ I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.‎ ‎ 3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。‎ ‎ Both his younger sisters are our classmates.‎ ‎ . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.‎ 七. 疑问代词 ‎ 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑 问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：‎ Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）‎ What is that? (作表语)‎ Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)‎ Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)‎ 八.关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：‎ I hate people who talk much but do little.‎ I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.‎ With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.‎ Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?‎ ‎【典型例题讲解】‎ 河南：‎ ‎1.At present, children mean____ to most parents in China.‎ ‎ A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something ‎2.He thinks himself somebody, but we think him ______.‎ A. nobody B .anybody C. somebody D. everybody ‎3.—How was your trip in Chengdu?‎ ‎ —Not so good. I stayed there for two days. But it rained on ______of the days.‎ ‎ A. none B. neither C. both D. all ‎4.—Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?‎ ‎ —Sure. I see as a chance to prove_________.‎ ‎ A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you ‎5.To help Tommy learn better, his parents have done they could：cards,tapes，special learning centers，in short, everything they can think of．‎ ‎ A both B all C none D neither ‎6..—What a nice MP5! Whose is it?‎ ‎—It’s __ . My father bought it for me.‎ A. me B. him C. his D. mine ‎7.—I saw Tony at the party. But he didn’t speak to me ________evening.‎ ‎—Maybe he didn’t see you.‎ A. all B. every C. either D. another ‎8.--Wow, so many new houses! I can’t believe that．It used to be a poor village．‎ ‎ --Yes． has changed here．‎ A．Nothing B．Something C．Everything D．Anything ‎9.--Ruth, I want to have some milk．‎ ‎ --There’s left．What about orange juice?‎ A．few B．much C．none D．any ‎10.—My pen is lost and I can’t find it anywhere．‎ ‎ 一So you will have to buy ．‎ A. it B．few C．one D．any ‎11.Xiao Li is the first person to show the foreigners around，for of us can speak English．‎ ‎ A. all B．each C．both D．none ‎ ‎ 12. —Excuse me, is there a repair shop near here for MP3?‎ ‎— Well, turn left at the crossing, then you will find ___________.‎ A. that B. any C. this D. one AACCB DABCC DD ‎【随堂练习巩固】‎ ‎1. Alice has a red pen, and the blue one is ___________ ,too.‎ A. his 　 B. her 　 C. hers ‎2..I have a big brother. __________name is Paul. A. His B. Her C. He D. Your ‎3. Look! The clock has stopped. Maybe there’s ________ wrong with it. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing ‎4. I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost_____.‎ A. it B. one C. this D. them ‎5.- Susan, go and join your sister in cleaning the yard.‎ ‎- Why______ ? John is sitting there doing nothing at all.‎ A. I B. me C. myself D. mine ‎6. - Which of the two magazines will you take?‎ ‎- I’ll take______ though I find ______ of them are very useful to me.‎ A. all; both B. either; either C. either; neither D. either; both[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]‎ ‎7. That’s ______ brother’s shirt. It isn’t _______. ‎ A. my, your B. yours, mine C. hers, his D. his, yours ‎ ‎8. _______ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.‎ A. None B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody ‎9. Aunt Tina will visit us soon. _______ is arriving tomorrow morning.‎ ‎ A. He B. She C. His D. Her ‎10. —Are these books yours , Mike?‎ ‎—No, they aren’t. They belong to ______.‎ A. him B. his C. hers D. she ‎ ‎11.—Here is a dictionary . Whose is it ?[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]‎ ‎--Oh, it’s ________. Thank you.‎ A. me B. my C. mine ‎ ‎12. —Shall we meet at 8 o’clock next Sunday morning ?‎ ‎— I won’t be free then. Let’s make it ______day.‎ A. other B. another C. the other [来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]‎ ‎13. You can take_______ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.‎ A. both B. none C. either D. neither ‎14. -What a nice computer!‎ ‎ -My parents bought it for my sister and me. It's ‎ A. ours B. hers C. theirs D. mine ‎15. The little kid is just two years old. He's too young to take care of________.‎ A. his B. him C. himself ‎16. “Have you read today's newspaper" “Yes It's really boring. There is ______in it.”[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]‎ A. something new B. nothing new C. anything new ‎ ‎17. ---Is this _______ ruler?‎ ‎ ---No. _______ is over there.[来源:1ZXXK]‎ ‎ A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. hers; Hers D. hers; Her ‎18.—Is this_________ bike? —No, it’s Lily’s. _________ is over there.‎ ‎ A. your, My B. your, Mine C. yours, Mine D. yours, My ‎19. In our school, _____ students like English, but _____ of them can speak English smoothly.‎ ‎ A. a little, a few B. a few, few C. a few, little D. a little, few ‎20. We must protect plants. They are friends of ______. ‎ A. we B. us C. our D. ours [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ CABAB DDDBA CBCAC BBBBD ‎【课后强化练习】‎ ‎21. Do you have toys? I’d like to buy ______ for my cousin. ‎ A. it B. one C. this D. that ‎ ‎22. At present, children mean____ to most parents in China.‎ ‎ A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something ‎23.——Look，_____is dancing under the tree.‎ ‎ ——Oh, that’s my cousin, Anna.‎ A. everybody B. anybody C. nobody D. somebody ‎24.－Is this ________iPhone5?‎ ‎ －No, it isn’t ________. It belongs to Alex.‎ A. yours; min B. your; mine C. your; my ‎25.－Alice, what kind of food would you like for lunch, beef noodles or fried rice?‎ ‎ － ________ is OK. I don’t mind.‎ A. Either B. Both C. Neither[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]‎ ‎26.— If you prefer the red evening dress, you’ll have to pay ________ 30 dollars, because it’s made of silk.‎ ‎— Ok. Here you are.‎ A. other B. the other C. more D. another ‎27.—What do you think of your host family, Jim?‎ ‎—Great. They try ________ best to make me feel at home.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ A. they B. their C. them D. theirs ‎28. I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found _______.‎ A. none B. both C. one D. neither ‎29.– Excuse me, may I use your bicycle? ______ is broken. ‎ ‎ -- Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.‎ ‎ A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine ‎30. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldn’t find ______ suitable.‎ ‎ A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎ ‎31. - Which of the two T-shirts would you like? - ________. I don't like their styles.‎ ‎ A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither ‎32. The air in Dongying is much worse than that in many other cities. We must do to protect our environment. [来源:Z A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything ‎33. We decide to make ________ a rule for us room-mates to turn off the lights at 10:30 pm. ‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. it D. one ‎34. —Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take?‎ ‎ —I’ll take ________. They are too small for me.‎ ‎ A. both B. all C. either D. neither ‎35. — Is that car Mrs. Black’s? ‎ ‎— No, _______ is a white one. ‎ A. she B. her C. hers D. his ‎ ‎36. Look! Sonia looks worried. There must be ________ wrong with her. ‎ A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything ‎37. I made a call to my parents yesterday, but _______ of them answered it.‎ A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody ‎38---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday, Scott? ‎ ‎---I’m afraid_____ possible. I’ll be on business on those two days.[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]‎ A. either B. neither C. every D. each ‎ ‎39. Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after .‎ ‎ A. myself B. me C. ourselves D. us BADBA DBADB DCCDC BCBC