2014年版高考英语阅读理解最后冲刺试题目15

2014年版高考英语阅读理解最后冲刺试题目15

‎2014届高考英语二轮最新冲刺专题训练：阅读理解15‎ The financial crisis is reminding Americans of a lesson they first learned in childhood: Share and share alike. They are sharing or swapping tools and books, cars and handbags, time and talent. ‎ The renewed desire to share shows up in a variety of examples: A car-sharing service has had a 70 percent membership increase since the crisis occurred. Some companies encouraged his employees to take vanpooling. Governments are putting bikes on the street for public use. How-to-swap Web sites are increasing quickly. ‎ The economy reflects the way Americans have cut back, especially on daily items: Department store sales dropped 1.3 percent in June. People are not buying cars, and as a result, auto sales dropped 27.7 percent last month. They are not paying others to do what they can do themselves — Home Depot reports increased attendance at in-store do-it-yourself clinics. And although paint sales are down in general, according to Sherwin-Williams, individual consumers are still buying. ‎ When Tom Burdett needed to cut some tiles at his home outside Annapolis, he refused to buy expensive tools. So he asked his neighbors and friends for help. Sure enough, someone had just what he needed. And when that friend needed help fixing a satellite dish, Burdett volunteered to help. ‎ The sharing mind-set is not new to the American culture, but many Americans give it up when the nation changed from an agricultural society to an industrial one, said Rosemary Hornak, a psychology professor at Meredith College in Raleigh‎, ‎N.C.‎ They moved farther from their families and did not have time to connect with new neighbors because they worked so much, she said. ‎ Neighborhood conversations tell more of the story as the movement grows organically (持续地) in communities across the Washington region and the nation. On one street in Arlington, for example, neighbors are collecting their separate money for mulch (覆盖料) and dividing it among themselves. ‎ ‎52. What is the text mainly about? ‎ A. Introducing a new way of life. B. Sharing in the financial crisis. ‎ C. How to reduce the living expense. D. How to handle the financial crisis.‎ ‎53. Why do people in modern times give up the sharing mind-set? ‎ A. Because they don’t need it at all. B. Because they aren’t interested in it. ‎ C. Because they are busy with work. D. Because they hate being disturbed. ‎ ‎54. The underlined phrase “cut back” in Para. 3 probably means ________.‎ A. shared B. helped C. abandoned D. reduced ‎55. It can be inferred from the passage that _________________________. ‎ A. more and more Americans solve problems in their daily life by helping each other .‎ B. if the prices of service goes down, individual consumers won’t do something themselves. ‎ C. the sharing-mind set is a strange to many Americans.‎ D. when the crisis ends, Americans will abandon the sharing-mind set. ‎ 体裁：记述文 词数：320 难度系数：☆☆ 建议用时：7分钟 ‎ 类别： 主旨大意+细节理解+词义猜测+推理判断 本文标题：…Sharing…‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲了在经济危机之下，美国人又重新拾起了分享这一生活方式，以便共同度过难关。 ‎ ‎52.【考点分析】主旨大意题。‎ ‎【参考答案】B。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据文章第一段第一句中出现的“sharing and sharing alike”以及下面所举的例子，可知本文主要是讲述了经济危机中人们之间的互相分享。‎ ‎53.【考点分析】细节理解题。‎ ‎【参考答案】C。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据倒数第二段中的最后一句话“…they worked so much”推知人们都忙于自己的工作，故参考答案为C。‎ ‎54.【考点分析】词义猜测题。‎ ‎【参考答案】D。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据划线部分后举的例子，指人们在一些方面减少了开支，可推知cut back的意思是“减少”，故参考答案为D。 ‎ ‎55.【考点分析】推理判断题。‎ ‎【参考答案】A。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据文章的中心思想是sharing以及文中所举的例子可以看出，更多的美国人倾向于互相分享、帮助解决问题。 ‎ 阅读理解-----B Columbus‎ ‎College‎ , ‎241 Queen Elizabeth Drive‎ ,‎Kowloon City Memo To: All Staff ‎ From: Jackie Mock, Secretary; Sports Development Committee Date: May 20, 2010‎ A week ago, “Sports for Life” programmer was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it . Here is a memo (备忘录) for your reference when you answer the phones.‎ Sports 1: Basketball.‎ We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwan Tong Sports Park .To cover the cost of hiring a bus , each student will have to pay ＄10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. K^S*5U.C#O%‎ Sports 2: Gym We will be using St. Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second, it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping , jogging , outdoor aerobics (有氧运动),all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.‎ Sports 3: Hiking ‎ Hiking(远足)will take place at Kowloon Peak. The activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost ＄75/hr. Students are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen.‎ Sports 4: Swimming ‎ The Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i.e. 2:45pm to 3:45pm).Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is ＄10 per visit.‎ ‎( ) 1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Students selecting basketball had better register early.‎ ‎ B. Students participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.‎ C. Hiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 hours.‎ D. Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.‎ ‎( ) 2. It can be inferred from the passage that ‎ A. students taking part in basket ball will walk to the courts.‎ B. every student can gain admission to one of the four sports ‎ C. hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees D. students taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water ‎( ) 3. It can be concluded that ‎ A. each sport will take only on hour sports B. students will be charged for the four sports ‎ C. all the sports will take place at ‎Kowloon‎ ‎Peak D. teachers will accompany students on each sport ‎( ) 4. The purpose of the memo is to ‎ A. attract students’ interest in the programme B. require the parents to select a sport for their child C. help the staff explain the programme to the parents D. remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time ‎【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。文章主要讲述了公司为让员工更好地给家长解释“Sports for Life”这个体育运动项目而编辑的备忘录 ‎1.答案A。‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据Sports 1中第二句话“Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible”可知，选择篮球的学生最好早报名。因此可知A项符合文章。‎ ‎2.答案 B。‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由文中“requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play”可以推断出“每一个学生可以参加这四个运动中的任何一项。故选B。K^S*5U.C ‎3.答案D。‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由Sports 1中第二句话“There will be four basketball …… with one teacher watching over each game”， Sports 2中“And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities”，Sports 3中“Three teachers will accompany the students”及Sports 4中“Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the going-on from the poolside”可以推断出：每项运动，都有教师陪同。故选D项 ‎4.答案C。‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中“Here is a memo（备忘录）for your reference when you answer the phones”可以推断出：这个备忘录的目的是帮助员工将这个活动项目解释给家长。因此选项C符合题意。‎ 阅读理解课堂练学案（3） ‎ Passage six (Dropouts for Ph. D. s)   Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent ‎ to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.   The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.   Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’   “The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.” Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.   Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.   As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.‎ ‎ D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.   As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job. 1.The author states that many educators feel that [A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus. the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study. [C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout. [D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members. 2.Research has shown that [A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment. the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies. [C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out. [D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree. 3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. [A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out. is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate. [C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs. [D] does not vary in difficulty among universities. 4.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that [A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree. a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree. [C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts. [D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions. ‎ ‎5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in [A] salary for Ph. D. too low. academic requirement too high. [C] salary for dropouts too high. [D] 1000 positions. Vocabulary dropout                  辍学者，中途退学 well-rounded            全面的 attrition                  缩/减员，磨损 drain                  枯竭 bracket                  一类人，（尤指按收入分类的）阶层 lagging behind other fields      落后于其它领域 glum                  阴郁的 难句译注 Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. 【参考译文】教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率；这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。 It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. 【结构分析】sent过去分词，修饰questionnaires。Who定语从句修饰students。 【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以22000份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。 Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. 【结构分析】被动句。To ‎ capacity满额，全力。 【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。 This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. 【结构分析】the fact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句，修饰academic fields。 【参考译文】这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。 写作方法与文章大意   这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50％的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31％。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。 答案详解 1.A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。” B. 辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。  C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三项文内没有提。 2.D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为31％。大多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。 A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明2％人文学科的辍学者年收入为20000多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生达到这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78％，辍学者仅为50％。” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。 3.C ‎. 博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示：“约75％的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。 A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B.  它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。 4.A. 读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件（包括返回校园之意见）：⑴缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。”最后一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25％的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。” B. 博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.、C.两项文内没提。D.不对，参见难句译注4。 5.A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4。 B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。‎ ‎ ‎