2020届高考英语北师大版大一轮复习精练：必修3高考提能练（8）

2020届高考英语北师大版大一轮复习精练：必修3高考提能练（8）

‎2020届北师大版单元复习测验卷：　必修③　Module 5　Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2019·河南质评] On a hot evening in September, the Highland High School team was pronouncing to win its first game of the season. “I was really excited，” said Highlanders linebacker Ryan Ferrini. “This was the game when it finally came together.” With several seconds left in the fourth quarter and the Tompkins High School team up 2928, all the Highlanders had to do was go one yard for a touchdown to seize a dramatic comefrombehind victory. ‎ On the previous play, after the Highlanders had driven the ball deep into the Tompkins' territory (防守区), quarterback Will Gentry had connected with receiver Austin Brauweiler at the threeyard line. As Brauweiler turned upfield, a Tompkins' defender delivered a hit, knocking them both to the ground at the oneyard line.‎ ‎“There was a huge force, as if a truck had hit me，” said Brauweiler, who suffered from the collision (撞击). But it was the Tompkins' player who got the worst of it. He lay still on the ground and a doctor had been called. That's when the Tompkins' coach walked across the field and told Highlanders' coach Colschen that his players were too upset to finish the game and they would lose the game.‎ ‎“In life, the wellbeing of others is what's important, not the scoreboard，” said Colschen. He gathered his Highlanders and told them it was time to support their grieving (悲伤的) competitors. They agreed.‎ After the injured player was airlifted to a hospital, the two teams took the field again. The Highland team's teammates took a knee and didn't start any action, only waiting for the game clock to strike zero. Game over.‎ ‎“What my players did was amazing，” said Colschen. “I was surprised and encouraged that they were thinking not about themselves but about others.”‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：日常生活　主题：比赛经历 ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了在一场比赛中发生了双方队员相撞事件后，其中一方的队员为了尊重对方队员将最后的比赛时间耗尽的故事。‎ ‎1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?‎ A．The match was coming to an end.‎ B．The match would end the football season.‎ C．The Highlanders is a difficult team to beat.‎ D．The Tompkins was confident of victory in the final.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“With several seconds left in the fourth quarter and the Tompkins High School team up 2928”可知，比赛快要结束了，故选A。‎ ‎2．Who was most injured in the collision?‎ A．A Highlanders' player.‎ B．A Tompkins' defender.‎ C．Austin Brauweiler.‎ D．Will Gentry.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“a Tompkins' defender delivered a hit, knocking them both to the ground at the oneyard line”以及第三段中的“it was the Tompkins' player who got the worst of it”可知，是Tompkins的防守队员受伤最为严重，故选B。‎ ‎3．Why did the Highlanders take no action until the end of the game?‎ A．Because they had already won it.‎ B．Because one of their players got injured.‎ C．Because they were given an unfair judgment.‎ D．Because they cared and respected their competitors.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段中的“I was surprised and encouraged that they were thinking not about themselves but about others”可知，在相撞事件发生后，Highlanders的队员们认为在比赛中身体健康才是最为重要的，所以Highlanders的队员们在比赛结束前任凭时间一分一秒过去而不采取任何行动，这也是为了安慰因队友受伤而伤心的对方队员们，表示对对手的尊重。故选D。‎ ‎4．What message is conveyed in the passage?‎ A．More haste, less speed.‎ B．All men cannot be first.‎ C．Better to be safe than sorry.‎ D．Friendship first, competition second.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The Highland team's teammates took a knee and didn't start any action, only waiting for the game clock to strike zero”和最后一段中的“they were thinking not about themselves but about others”可以看出，在双方的竞争中，Highland高中的队员们没有一味地为了追求成功而不顾对方的感受，相反，他们把对对手的尊重置于个人的荣誉之上，这传达出的正是“友谊第一，比赛第二”的精神，故选D。A项意为“‎ 欲速则不达”；B项意为“不可能人人得第一名”；C项意为“安全胜过遗憾”。‎ B ‎[2019·西宁检测一]For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages.‎ Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1,000 stars, all within 100 light years of the earth. In addition, they will scan (扫描) the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.‎ Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution (进化) of life. Based on the inhabitable planets (that can be lived in) in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.‎ However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible (易懂的) messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.‎ Other scientists believe that our search hasn't been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time, some scientists think it is likely that civilizations much more advanced than ours have developed. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：探索外太空 ‎【语篇解读】　 本文讨论了外太空是否存在生命。迄今为止，科学家们尝试了多种方法寻找外太空生命，但都没有得到回应。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Other scientists believe that our search hasn't been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. ‎ 分析：此句是一个复合句。句中的“that our search hasn't been long enough to rule out the possibility”是一个宾语从句；“that intelligent ‎ life exists in our galaxy”是一个同位语从句。‎ 译文：其他科学家认为，我们的研究时间还不够长，不足以排除我们的银河系中存在智慧生命的可能性。 ‎ ‎5．According to the passage, how many planets in our galaxy might be inhabitable? ‎ A．15 billion.　 B．10 billion. ‎ C．5 billion. D．200 billion.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth”可知，在银河系中有2千亿颗恒星，其中5%的恒星像我们的太阳，也就是100亿颗恒星像我们的太阳，而在这100亿颗恒星中有一半像地球一样的行星，故答案为C。 ‎ ‎6．The first paragraph in this passage is mainly about ___________.‎ A．why scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets B．how scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets C．where scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets D．when scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets 答案与解析：B　考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Most of these searches have been done over the radio.”和“Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages”可知，本段主要介绍了科学家们通过向太空发射无线电信号和电视信号的方式来寻找外太空生命，故答案为B。 ‎ ‎7．The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means “__________________”. ‎ A．find B．follow C．form D．check 答案与解析：D　考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time”可知，科学家们向太空发射无线电信号以后，使用计算机对这些信号进行监测，希望能够捕捉到外太空生命的痕迹。check“检查”与画线词意思相近，故答案为D。 ‎ ‎8．Which of these statements is true based on the information in the passage? ‎ A．Scientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on other planets. ‎ B．Most scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other planets. ‎ C．The earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy.‎ D．Scientists don't believe that there might be life on other planets.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“Most of these searches have been done over the radio”和“Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages”可知，科学家们正在使用各种方法研究外太空生命是否存在，故答案为A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2019·陕西省摸底检测]‎ Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?‎ Very small pieces of plastic, called microfibers, are polluting rivers and oceans. __1__ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial materials, which are useful in keeping warm. But they contain very small plastic fibers, which may also be harming the environment when you wash them. When people wash these clothes, very small pieces go down the drain (下水道) with the wash water.‎ ‎__2__‎ Pollution caused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have shown the effect of microfibers on the environment. Studies show microfibers are ending up in our waters, which may come from waste water treatment factories. A 2015 study found them in fish from California.‎ Microfibers' effect on food supplies Beyond the waterways, the researchers say microfibers may end up in soil and agricultural lands. __3__ This means there is much to be learned about microfibers and the environment.‎ Some studies have shown that microfibers end up inside sea animals, like oysters. __4__ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish, but it needs more study.‎ Steps to keep microfibers from the environment Until more information becomes known, there are steps to take to reduce the quantity of microfibers in the environment.‎ People should use less of the artificial materials. If we already have those in our lives and we're using them, an important step would be washing them less.‎ ‎__5__ A bag is being designed in which you can wash these clothes. The bag traps the microfibers in it and it may be available for purchase soon.‎ A．New technology may also help.‎ B．Studies on how many of the microfibers are released.‎ C．The source of these microfibers may surprise you: your clothes.‎ D．Washing machines keep microfibers from escaping with the wash ‎ water.‎ E．Studies on microfibers in the environment.‎ F．They can also move around the atmosphere.‎ G．So if microfibers have been found in fish and seafood, are they safe to eat?‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：微纤维 ‎【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤维进入环境的措施。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：C　由文章标题“Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution？”可知，本文与衣服导致污染有关，并结合下文可知，造成污染的微纤维来自有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：E　根据文章结构可知，空处为该部分小标题。空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响，故E项符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：F　结合空前一句中的“the waterways”和“in soil and agricultural lands”可知，研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道、土壤和农田中，故F项“它也能在大气中移动”符合语境。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：G　空前一句中的“sea animals, like oysters”与G项中的“fish and seafood”相呼应，故G项符合语境。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：A　空后一句中的“A bag is being designed”正是A项中的“New technology”，故A项符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎[2019·石家庄模拟]Last Sunday, I went on a hike with one of my best friend, Kevin. I got up early that morning and prepare lots of food in my lunchbox and then I went Kevin's home to pick him up. On the way to the mountain, we enjoyed at seeing many beautiful flowers along the road. After we arrived at the mountain, all of us couldn't help admire the natural scenery. Then he advised that we had a race between us, what made me excited too. But I agreed immediately. In a hurry, Kevin tripped on a stone and fell all the way down. Fortunate, he got stuck on a tree and I pulled him up at last. What a day!‎ 答案：‎ Last Sunday, I went on a hike with one of my best ， Kevin. I got up early that morning and lots of food in my lunchbox and then I went Kevin's home to pick him up. On the way to the mountain, we enjoyed seeing many beautiful flowers ‎ along the road. After we arrived at the mountain, of us couldn't help admire/ the natural scenery. Then he advised that we a race between us, made me excited too. I agreed immediately. In a hurry, Kevin tripped on a stone and fell all the way down. ， he got stuck on a tree and I pulled him up at last. What a day!‎ ‎①friend改为friends。考查名词单复数。friend是可数名词，且由one of可知，应用friend的复数形式。‎ ‎②prepare改为prepared。考查动词时态。与got呼应可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎③went后加to。考查固定搭配。固定搭配go to someplace意为“去某地”，符合语境，故加介词to。‎ ‎④删除at。考查动词。enjoy是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，不需要介词。‎ ‎⑤all改为both。考查代词。根据上文可知，此处指作者和Kevin两个人，故用代词both。‎ ‎⑥help后加but或admire改为admiring。考查固定搭配。固定搭配can't help doing/but do sth.意为“忍不住做某事”，符合语境，故在help后加but或用admiring。‎ ‎⑦had改为have。考查虚拟语气。动词advise后跟宾语从句时，从句一般用虚拟语气，即从句用“主语＋should＋do”的形式，should可以省略，故用动词原形have。‎ ‎⑧what改为which。考查定语从句。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面整个主句。‎ ‎⑨But改为So。考查连词。根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的因果关系，故用连词So。‎ ‎⑩Fortunate改为Fortunately。考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，故用副词Fortunately修饰整个句子，在句子中作状语。‎