2018届二轮复习动词的时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查课件（共33张ppt）

2018届二轮复习动词的时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查课件（共33张ppt）

2018 届二轮复习 　动词的时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查 时态和语态是语法填空题的常考点，主要考查时态和语态在具体语境中的运用。解题时考生要先根据上下文或时间标志词判断时态，然后根据主语与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系来判断语态。 1 ． (2015 · 新课标卷 Ⅰ ) It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. 解析： 句意：当我在黄昏前到达阳朔时正下小雨。但是我不在意。由后句 “ But I didn't care. ” 可知这里应用一般过去时。 2 ． (2015 · 新课标卷 Ⅱ ) This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night. 解析： 句意：这个循环日复一日的进行 …… 。主语 this cycle 为单数形式；句子以一般现在时为主；结合时间状语 day after day 可知应用 goes 。 goes arrived 3 ． (2015 · 广东卷 ) While making great efforts to run away, she ________ (fall) over the hill and died. 解析： 此空前为主语 she ，故该空填谓语，又根据 and 后的谓语 died ，可知该空填 fell 。 4 ． (2015 · 广东卷 ) He made cheese and butter for the family with what ________ (leave) ． 解析： 谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，又因动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填 was left 。 5 ． (2014 · 新课标卷 Ⅱ ) A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 解析： 句意：一个骑自行车的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交车旁边骑行并挥舞着手臂。所填词是句子的谓语，根据下句时态可知， catch my attention 发生在过去，故填 caught 。 caught fell was left 6 ． (2014 · 辽宁卷 ) Tai Chi ________ (call) “shadow boxing” in English. 解析： 句意：太极在英文中被称为 “ shadow boxing ” 。所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语 Tai Chi 是被动关系，表示 “ …… 被称为 ” ；句子说的是事实，应用一般现在时，故填 is called 。 7 ． (2014 · 广东卷 ) We ___________ (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week. 解析： 句意：我们被告知那一周房间没有预订。所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语 we 是被动关系，表示 “ 我们被告知 ” ；由从句时态判断出动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 were told 。 is called were told 第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语 如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。 第二步，确定时态 要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。 第三步，确定语态 语态要根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。 第四步，确定主谓一致 要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 1 ． (2015 · 四川卷短文改错 ) As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here. 答案与解析： tell → told 　根据该句中的时间状语 last time ，可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 2 ． (2015 · 浙江卷短文改错 ) It was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. 答案与解析： is → was 　前一句谓语用的是过去时，故将 is 改为 was 。 3 ． (2014 · 辽宁卷短文改错 ) This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock. 答案与解析： starts → started 　由时间状语 this morning 可知，此处 “ 狗叫 ” 是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 4 ． The arrows were looked like rain. 答案与解析： 去掉 were 或 looked 　 look like “ 看起来像 …… ” 为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式，故删去 were ，也可删掉 looked ，构成 be like 短语，意为 “ 像 …… ” 。 5 ． (2014 · 新课标卷 Ⅰ 短文改错 ) Since then — for all these years — we had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. 答案与解析： had → have 　句中时间状语是 since then ，谓语应用现在完成时，故将 had 改为 have 。 6 ． Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 答案与解析： drank → drunk 　根据句意及前面的 was 可知此处用被动语态，所以用过去分词。 1 ．时态错用 ① 通过上下文中 “ 动作的先后关系 ” 判断是否有一般现在时与一般过去时的错用。 ② 根据 and 判断前后动词时态是否一致。 ③ 根据句中时间标志词如 since then, last time 等判断。 2 ．语态错用 ① 系动词和不及物动词 ( 短语 ) 没有被动语态，却误被用作被动语态。 ② 被动语态结构是否缺少 be 动词。 1 ． 10 种时态的数学公式 (1) 一般现在时＝经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态。 (2) 一般过去时＝在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 (3) 一般将来时＝在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。 (4) 过去将来时＝在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 (5) 现在进行时＝现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。 (6) 过去进行时＝在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。 (7) 将来进行时＝将来某一时间正在进行的动作。 (8) 现在完成时＝过去已发生或完成的动作或状态，对现在造成影响和结果，也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 (9) 过去完成时＝在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 (10) 现在完成进行时＝从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作反复发生。 2 ． 题干中常出现的标志词或时间状语有： (1) 一般现在时： sometimes, now and then, often, every day/week, on Sundays 等。 (2) 一般过去时： yesterday, last week, three years ago, the other day( 几天前 ), the day before yesterday, once upon a time, in 1990 等。 (3) 一般将来时： next week, tomorrow, in a week, in the future, later on, the day after tomorrow 等。 (4) 现在进行时： look, now, at present, at this moment, these days 等。 (5) 过去进行时： then, at that time, those days 等。 (6) 将来进行时： at this time tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from ...to ...tomorrow 等。 (7) 现在完成时： lately, recently, so far, yet, ever since, by now, up to /until now, since then, in the last/ past few days/years 等。 (8) 过去完成时： by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012, before 1999, “ by the time ＋句子 ” 等。 (9) 将来完成时： “ by ＋将来的某个时间 ” ， when/before 引导的时间状语从句。 (10) 现在完成进行时： all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently 等。 英语中的一些固定句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这种句式，注意根据规则选用需要的时态。 1 ． It is the first /second/ ...time that sb.have/has done ... 2 ． It was the first /second/ ...time that sb.had done ... 3 ． It is/has been ＋时间段＋ since sb.did ... 4 ． It /This is the best/ most interesting ... ＋名词＋ sb. /sth.have/ has done ... 5 ． Sb.had just done sth.when ...did ... 6 ． Sb.was/were doing sth.when ...did ... 7 ． It's high time that sb.did ... 8 ． Hardly /No sooner had sb.done sth.when/ than sb.did ... 9 ．在 “ 祈使句＋ and/or ＋陈述句 ” 结构中，陈述句的谓语动词为 will do 。 10 ．时间或条件状语从句的 “ 主将从现 ” 原则： 如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由 when, before, until, if, as soon as 等引导的表示将来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；若主句为一般过去时，则从句也用相应的过去时态。 (2015 · 安徽卷 ) If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety. 如果你来中国参观，你就会体验有惊人深度且多元化的文化。 1 ．被动语态的构成为 “ be ＋过去分词 ” ，只要变换 be 的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除 be 外被动语态的构成形式还有： get/become ＋过去分词。 2 ．只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语： last, cost, spread, happen (to), take place, belong to, break out, go out, run out, work out 。 3 ．主动形式表示被动含义 (1) 表示感受、感官的系动词如 feel, sound, taste, look 等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 (2) 当 sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn 等不及物动词后带状语 (well/easily 等 ) 修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 ① ( 安徽卷 ) While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 ② Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out . We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪水灾区的食品即将用完，我们必须在他们用完之前采取措施。 ③ — What about the books? — Books of this kind sell well . —— 这些书怎么样？ —— 这种书很畅销。 微考场　新演练　 好题巧练　拿高考满分　 Ⅰ . 单句训练 1 ． (2015 · 重庆卷 ) — Is Peter coming? — No, he ________ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 解析： 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 2 ． (2015 · 福建卷 ) To my delight, I _______________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 解析： 句意：令我高兴的是，我从数百名候选人中被选中参加开幕式。根据句意可知，主语 I 和 choose 之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据句首的 to my delight 可知，此处表示过去的事实，所以用一般过去时。 was chosen　 changed 　 3 ． (2015 · 湖南卷 ) I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________ (ask), “ What do you wish me to do now ？ ” 解析： 句意：当我问 “ 你希望我现在干什么？ ” 时，我无法隐藏我的渴望。主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。 4 ． (2015 · 安徽卷 ) Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________ (leave) my book in the cafe. 解析： “ 到达 ” 学校门口和 “ 意识到 ” 都用一般过去时态，而 “ 书丢在咖啡店 ” 发生在这两个动作之前，因此用过去完成时态。句意：我到校门口时意识到把书落在了咖啡馆。 5 ． (2015 · 安徽卷 ) It is reported that a space station _______________ (build) on the moon in years to come. 解析： 本句时间状语为 in years to come ，表示将来；并且 a space station 和 build 之间是被动关系，因此用一般将来时的被动语态。 will be built 　 asked 　 had left 　 6 ． (2015 · 北京卷 ) — Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? — Not really. She _____________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 解析： 句意： —— 你找到安的家费了很大劲儿吗？ —— 没有。她给了我们非常清楚的指示，我们很容易就能找到她家。根据语境可知， “ 给出指示 ” 发生在 “ 找到她家 ” 之前，所以用过去完成时，表示 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 7 ． (2015 · 陕西卷 ) Marty __________________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday. 解析： 从 “ he'll have finished it by Friday ” 判断，他一直在写这本书，而且现在仍然在写，所以用现在完成进行时。句意：马蒂一直在很刻苦地从事这本书的写作，他觉得到周五他就能完成了。 had given 　 has been working 　 8 ． (2015 · 天津卷 ) Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she __________________ (teach) a class at that time. 解析： 句意：简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为那个时候她将正在上课。根据句意可知， “ 今天下午三点 ” 是一个将来的时间，表示将来某一时刻正在做某事，因此用将来进行时。 9 ． (2015 · 天津卷 ) Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _____________________ (reach) so far by the two sides. 解析： 句意：尽管之前有好几轮的会谈，但是迄今为止双方仍然没有达成协议。根据时间状语 so far 可知，此处用现在完成时。 will be teaching 　 has been reached 　 10 ． I found the lecture hard to follow because it _____________ (start) when I arrived. 解析： 句意：我觉得我听不懂这个讲座，因为我来的时候它已经开始了。根据语境可知， start 动作发生在 arrived 之前，是 “ 过去的过去 ” ，故用过去完成时态。 11 ． They made up their mind that they _____________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 解析： 句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买一所新房子。根据句意可知 buy 这个动作应在 made up their mind 之后，故应用过去将来时。 would buy 　 had started 　 12 ． During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____________________ (recommend) ． 解析： 句意：在西安期间，杰瑞尝遍了他朋友推荐的所有的当地食品。定语从句中的谓语动作 “ 推荐 ” 发生在主句谓语动作 “ 品尝 ” 之前，也就是 “ 过去的过去 ” ，故用过去完成时。 13 ． Whenever you ________ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view. 解析： 句意：无论何时，你买礼物的话，都应该从接受者的角度来考虑它。根据句意可知，此处指一般的客观情况，所以用一般现在时。 had recommended 　 buy 　 14 ． She ______________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 解析： 句意：她当时正在给别人打电话，因此我朝她点了一下头就走开了。根据句意可知，此处表示 “ 当时她正在打电话 ” ，所以用过去进行时。判断句子的时态要根据句子的语境。根据下文的 “ I nodded to her and went away ” 可知是过去的动作，而且并未跟她说话，可推知她正在打电话。 15 ． We won't start the work until all the preparations _______________________ (make) ． 解析： 句意：直到所有的准备工作都做好了我们才开始工作。主句中用将来时， until 从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时。 are made/have been made 　 was phoning 　 Ⅱ . 语法填空 (2014 · 广东卷语法填空改编 ) Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ____ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we ____________ (plan) for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane __________ (land), we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _______________ (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. were told it had planned landed What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we ___________________ (wonder) what to do, the manager came out. She was ________________ (surprise) helpful. She ______________ (apology) for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little _____________________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. sunburned /sunburnt were wondering surprisingly apologized the where 解析： 本文是讲作者和其弟弟去 Miami( 迈阿密 ) 旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的 VIP 房间，且不另外收他们的钱，这真是个意外的收获。 1 ．考查代词的用法。指代 Miami ，故用 it 。 4 ．考查被动语态。句子是过去时，且含义是 “ 我们被告知 ” ，故用被动形式。 6 ．考查副词。修饰形容词 helpful ，用副词。 8 ．考查定冠词的用法。特指最高层。 9 ．考查定语从句的关系词。关系词在句中作地点状语，先行词是 beach ，故用 where 。 10 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意是 “ 我们有一点被晒伤了 ” ，用表示被动的非谓语动词 —— 过去分词。故用 sunburned/ sunburnt 。