【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题九（文化类含解析）（9页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题九（文化类含解析）（9页）

‎2018届二轮复习英语阅读理解试题九（文化类）‎ ‎(1)‎ Every people use its own special word to show its ideas and feelings. Some of these expressions are commonly used for many years. Others are popular for just a short time. One such American expression is “Where’s the beef?” It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be. In the early 1980s “Where’s the beef?” was one of the most popular expressions in the United States. It seemed as if everyone using it at the time.‎ Beef, of course, is the meat from a cow, and food is more popular in America than a hamburger made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Ray called this “McDonald’s”. Ray became one of the richest businessmen at last in America.‎ Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburger restaurants. One company called “Wendy’s” said its hamburgers were bigger than those sold by McDonald’s or anyone else. The Wendy’s Company began to use the expression “Where’s the beef?” to make people know that Wendy’s hamburgers were the biggest. The Wendy’s television advertisement showed three old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a bit of meat. One of the women said she would not eat a hamburger with such a little piece of beef. “Where’s the beef?” she shouted in a funny way. The advertisement for Wendy’s hamburger restaurants was success. As we said, it seemed everyone began using the expression “Where’s the beef?”.‎ ‎1. _______ started McDonald’s restaurant.‎ A. Ray B. McDonald C. Wendy D. Three old women ‎2. Other people wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they thought _______.‎ A. they could sell hamburgers at a low price B. hamburgers were easy to make C. beef was very popular in America D. they could make a lot of money ‎3. Wendy’s made the expression known to everybody _______.‎ A. with many old women eating hamburgers B. by a television advertisement C. while selling bread with a bit of meat in it D. at the McDonald’s restaurant ‎4. We can learn from the passage that the expression “Where’s the beef?” means _______.‎ A. The beef in hamburgers is not as much as it is said to be B. The hamburgers are not as good as they are said to be ‎ C. It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be D. Wendy’s is the biggest ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文主要讲述 ‘‘Where’s the beef?’’ 这一表达语是如何产生并流行于美国大众的。‎ ‎1. A。细节题。根据短文内容 McDonald(麦当劳) restaurant 是由美国商人 Ray 创办的。‎ ‎2. D。判断题。由于 Ray 的成功，他成了富豪，其他商家也看到了商机，所以他们也开办快餐店(Hamburger restaurants)，因为他们认为能赚大钱。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据文章内容可知the expression “Where’s the beef?” 是 Wendy 通过电视广告使大众感知的。‎ ‎4. C. 细节题。从文章的第一自然段中可找到答案。‎ ‎(2)‎ The yearly Academy Awards ceremony was once a private affair. Now, because of television, it is very much a public affair. Hundreds of people gather in Hollywood to see the Oscars presented to outstanding(杰出的) actors, and others involved(参与) in the motion picture industry. Millions more watch on television. ‎ It all began on May 16, 1929, when 270 men and women sat down to dinner at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. There was no secret about the winners. The names of the winners had been known for months. Janet Gaynor, for example, had won as Best Actress. Douglas Fairbanks presented her with the famous gold statue(塑像). The little statue was not then called Oscar. Like a new actor, Oscar was unknown. About six years later, it somehow got that renowned name. A number of explanations have been offered for its origin(由来), but nobody knows the true story for certain. ‎ Nowadays the results of the Oscar voting are kept secret. Only two people know the winners before the names are announced at the ceremony. The counting of votes is not done by one group of people but by different groups. Nobody except two members of an accounting(计票) company sees the final results. ‎ The information is not kept in open files(卷宗). Winners’ names are placed in closed envelopes. The accountants each carry a complete set of envelopes to the ceremony. One set is simply a spare to be used in case something happens to the other one. ‎ ‎1. As used in Paragraph 2, renowned means _______. ‎ A. strange B. wonderful C. much-disliked D. famous ‎2. May 16, 1929 marks _______. ‎ A. Douglas Fairbanks’ first winning of an Academy Award B. the first time Oscar got its name C. the first time the Awards were kept secret D. Janet Gaynor’s recognition as Best Actress ‎3. Two sets of envelopes are prepared for the ceremony _______. ‎ A. one for New York, one for Hollywood B. in order to be perfectly safe C. one for the ceremony, one for the newspapers D. just because that is the custom ‎【答案解析】本文介绍了奥斯卡金奖的由来。‎ ‎1. D。词义猜测题。根据第2段 …Like a new actor, Oscar was unknown. About six years later, it somehow got that renowned name 可知原来不为人所知，后来变得闻名，故选 D。‎ ‎2. D。细节题。根据第2段 …Janet Gaynor, for example, had won as Best Actress.可推知答案为 D。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据最后一段 …One set is simply a spare to be used in case something happens to the other one 可知两套信封装选票是为安全着想，故答案为 B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3)‎ Mark, a young person, tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases these ‎ people are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer.” ‎ The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded(报答). When I left a 20-year job in the U. S. Coast Guard to become a writer, I had no hopes at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used typewriter and felt like a real writer.‎ ‎ After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t got a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering “what if”. I would keep putting my dream to the test — even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.‎ ‎1. The passage is meant to _______.‎ A. warn young people of the hardship that a successful writer has to experience B. advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer C. show young people it’s unrealistic for writers to seek wealth and fame D. encourage young people to seek good jobs ‎2. What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A. Real writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.‎ B. A writer’s success depends on luck rather than on effort. ‎ C. Famous writers usually live in poverty.‎ D. The chances for a writer to become successful are small ‎3. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing work?‎ A. He wasn’t able to produce a single book.‎ B. He hadn’t seen a change for the better.‎ C. He wasn’t able to have a rest for a whole year.‎ D. He found his dream would never come true.‎ ‎4. “Shadow land” in the last sentence refers to _______.‎ A. the wonderland one often dreams about B. the bright future that one is looking forward to C. a world that exists only in one’s imagination D. the state of uncertainty before one’s final goal is reached ‎【答案与解释】不少年轻的文学爱好者梦想成为作家。作者以自己的亲身经历告诫他们：“写点东西”与“当作家”是完全不同的两码事，那些成功或出名的作家是通过鲜为人知的艰难跋涉走过来的幸运者。‎ ‎1. A。主旨题。从第 2 段第 1 句话 The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded 可得到答案。‎ ‎2. D。主旨题。从文章第 2 段的第 1 句可推知答案为 D。‎ ‎3. B。语义理解题。从第 3 段第 2 句话 It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat 中便知。‎ ‎4. D。词义猜测题。从最后一段的最后两句不难猜测出 Shadow land 指的是最终目标得以实现前的那种半信半疑的状态。‎ ‎(4)‎ ‎ In Britain in the 1890s there was a postcard “craze(热潮)”. People formed clubs and collected and exchanged postcards. Even Queen Victoria had her own private collection. ‎ ‎ When Edward was the king, the British had a cheap and good postal system. If anyone wanted to tell a friend that they were coming for tea in the afternoon, they would send a postcard in the morning. “Drop me a card” was as common then as “give me a ring” as now. ‎ ‎ In 1902 an important step was taken. The government said that half of the side that was used for the address on the postcard could be used for messages, and the whole of the other side could be used for a picture. It was then that the simple postcard, as we know now, was created. ‎ ‎1. In Britain in the 1890s, _______. ‎ A. people were interested in sending cards B. people were interested in playing cards C. people were interested in collecting postcards D. people were interested in buying postcards ‎2. “Give me a ring” in the passage means _______. ‎ A. send me a gold ring B. send me a card C. give me a telephone call D. give me a bell ring ‎3. Which statement is TRUE?‎ A. Postcards were not used in the 19th century. ‎ B. It was not until 1902 that the simple postcard as we know was created. ‎ C. Postcards were used only for collection in the 1890s. ‎ D. There was no message on the old postcard. ‎ ‎4. Choose the best title for the passage. ‎ A. Postcards Old and New B. Postcard Clubs in the 1890s C. Creation of the Present Postcard D. Postal System in Britain ‎(1—4 CCBA)‎ ‎【答案解析】本文介绍了英国新、旧明信片的历史和由来。‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据 People formed clubs and collected and exchanged(交换)postcards.可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎2. C。词义猜测题。give me a ring 和drop me a card一样，是用来传递信息的，而现在传递信息最普通的方式就是打电话，故C比较符合情理。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据 It was then that the simple postcard, as we know now, was created.可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎4. A。主旨题。本文介绍了英国新旧明信片的历史和由来。故A项最佳。‎ ‎(5)‎ Even a child knows that nodding(点头) the head means “Yes”. But some people will probably be puzzled when they first come to India. When they talk to an Indian, he often shakes his head. They might think that the Indian does not like what he said, but on the contrary he is expressing agreement.‎ The Indians have a habit of shaking their heads slightly when they talk to somebody. It doesn’t mean “No”, but “Yes”.‎ If a person doesn’t know this, it might cause misunderstanding.‎ At one time a foreigner in India told his driver who was an Indian to take him to his office. The driver shook his head. The foreigner repeated his request and the driver shook his head again. At last, the foreigner shouted angrily, “Drive me to my office at once!” The driver said in a low ‎ voice, “Yes, sir,” smiling and shaking his head again at the same time.‎ ‎1. Generally speaking, nodding the head means _______, and shaking the head means _______. ‎ A. Yes, No B. No, Yes C. Yes, Yes D. No, No ‎2. According to the habit of India, if someone agrees with you, he will _______. ‎ A. nod his head B. shake his head C. neither nods his head nor shakes his head D. either nod his head or shake his head ‎3. Why did the Indian driver shake his head when the foreigner asked him to drive him to his office? Because _______. ‎ A. the Indian driver has something important to do B. the foreigner promised to give him only a little money C. The driver felt uncomfortable at that time D. In India shaking the head means agreement ‎4. Why did the foreigner become angry? Because _______. ‎ A. the Indian driver didn’t want to send him to his office B. He misunderstood the meaning of shaking the head in India C. he asked the driver to send him to his office, but the India driver didn’t say any words D. the Indian driver asked him for a lot of money ‎5. The phrase “on the contrary” means _______. ‎ A. just the opposite B. clear difference between two things C. doing what you want to do D. on the other hand ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍肢体语言在不同国家所表达的不同含意。‎ ‎1. A。第1句话说即便一个小孩都明白点头表示 yes，由此可知答案为A。‎ ‎2. B。据第2段可推知答案为B。‎ ‎3. D。在印度摇头表示同意。因此选择D项。‎ ‎4. B。根据第3段中的 If a person does not know this, it might cause misunderstanding ‎ 可知答案为B。‎ ‎5. A。由 on the contrary 之前的 but 可知，后面的内容与前面的内容相反，故选A。‎ ‎(6)‎ Habiba keeps a record of new words and expressions in English. He usually writes them in a notebook. Then, one day, she asks her teacher about them. “Mrs Thomas, these expressions are new to me — She is blue today. What’s the matter? You are yellow. A little white lie. After looking at the notebook, Mrs Thomas says, “In everyday English, Habiba, blue sometimes means sad. Yellow means afraid. A person with a green thumb grows plants successfully and a white lie is not a bad lie.” “I don’t understand. Please give me an example.” “For example, I offer you some cake. The truth is, you don’t like my cake. You don’t say that. Instead, you say, ‘No, thanks. I’m not hungry.’ That’s a white lie.” “I see. Thanks for the explanation.” ‎ ‎1. I don’t have a green thumb. All my plants _______.‎ A. are green B. have died　　 C. are yellow D. are growing well ‎2. “You are yellow to fight” means _______.‎ A. you dare not fight B. you are happy to fight C. you are in a hurry D. you are able to fight ‎3. If you say “It’s a white lie.” it means that someone _______.‎ A. is telling a lie B. is telling the truth C. doesn’t want to tell the truth in a polite way D. is unfriendly ‎4. “The weather is bad, and _______.” ‎ A. I’m yellow today B. I’m blue today ‎ C. I’m green D. I’m white today　　‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文Habiba的提问和Mrs Thomas 的解答介绍了一些英语习惯用语的意义和用法。‎ ‎1. B。推断题。根据文章中的 A person with a green thumb grows plants successfully可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎2. A。细节题。根据Mrs Thomas说 Yellow means afraid可推知此题答案为 A。‎ ‎3. C。推断题。根据文章Mrs Thomas所举的最后一个例子可推知此题答案为 C。‎ ‎4. B。细节题。根据Mrs Thomas的解释blue sometimes means sad可推知此题答案为 B。‎