中考英语 动词和动词短语

中考英语 动词和动词短语

‎2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 ‎(单项选择 动词和动词短语)‎ 一、行为动词 ‎ 行为动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。‎ ‎ 1. 及物动词 ‎ 及物动词本身意义不完整，后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。‎ ‎ ①动词十宾语，如：buy some books买一些书；‎ ‎ ②动词十宾语十宾补，如：find the book interesting发现这本书有趣；‎ ‎ ③动词十间接宾语十直接宾语，如：give me some money给我一些钱。常见带双宾语的词有：give, pass, buy, offer, teach, tell等。‎ ‎ 2. 不及物动词 ‎ 不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。后接宾语时，必须先加介词、副词等，使其变成及物的动词短语。如：‎ ‎ He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。‎ ‎ They are looking at the blackboard.他们在看黑板。‎ ‎ 3. 有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.‎ ‎ 她唱得很好。（sing是不及物动词）‎ ‎ She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)‎ ‎ 4. 常见行为动词辨析 ‎ ①spend，cost. take与pay ‎ spend指花费时间或者金钱，后接on sth或(in)doing sth；cost的主语为物，意为“值多少钱”；take表示花费多少时间，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+时间+to do sth；pay与介词for连用。如：‎ ‎ He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花两小时做作业。‎ ‎ The car cost him a lot of money.这辆车花了他好多钱。‎ ‎ It took me half an hour to clean the room. 我花了半小时打扫房间。‎ ‎ I paid 40 yuan for the book.这本书我花了40块钱。‎ ‎ ②borrow，lend与keep ‎ 三者都可表示“借”，但是borrow指“借入，借进（从他人那里借某东西为自己所用）”，常用短语：‎ borrow sth. from sb. /sp.；lend指“借出去（借给他人）”，常用短语：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟双宾语）。区别时关键看主语，是主语借给别人就是lend，主语向别人借就是borrow; keep是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连周，表示“借多长时间”。如：‎ ‎ My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。‎ ‎ I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。‎ ‎ How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多久？‎ ‎③ speak, say, talk与 tell speak 意为“讲话”，着重指在会议上的演讲，或指讲某种语言等。‎ say 意为“说”，着重说的内容，用作及物动词。‎ talk 意为“谈话”，着重双方交谈。talk to/with sb about sth表示“和某人谈论某事”。‎ tell 意为“告诉”，一般接双宾语。tell a story，“讲故事”；tell a lie，“撒谎”。‎ ‎ 如：He can speak Chinese.他能说中文。‎ ‎ Please say it in English.请用英语说。‎ ‎ They are talking about it. 他们在谈论这事。‎ ‎ He can tell you something about his family.他会告诉你有关他家的事。‎ ‎ ④forget与leave ‎ forget意为‘‘忘记（记忆中的东西）”。表示“遗忘”时，不能同表示地点的词语连用；leave意为“落下，遗落”，指把某物遗忘在某个地方，后接表示地点的词语。‎ ‎ I've forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。‎ ‎ He left his English book at home.他把英语书忘家里了。‎ ‎ 例题l--- How long have you _________ the iPad?‎ ‎ --- Only two days. I will return it to Jack this afternoon.‎ ‎ A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. kept ‎ 【解析】D bought和borrowed都是短暂性动作，had作延续性动词意为“买”，kept作延续性动词意为“借，保留”。根据问句意思“平板电脑你借多久了？”选择延续性动词“kept”，故选C项。‎ ‎ 例题2 Many people can not afford one house in life because it ______________ too much.‎ ‎ A. spends B. costs C. pays D. takes ‎ 【解析】B句意：许多人一辈子买不起房因为房子太贵了。it指“房子”，物作主语，谓语动词要用cost表示花费。故选B项。‎ 二、连系动词 ‎ 连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。‎ 常见的系动词分类如下：‎ 分类 例词 例句 be动词 ‎ am, is, are, was, were ‎ She is a girl with short hair. ‎ 她是个留短发的女孩。‎ 感官类系动词 look, sound, smell, feel, taste His plan sounds wonderful. ‎ 他的计划听起来很棒。‎ 变化类系动词 become, get, grow, go, turn Her face turned red. 她的脸变红了。‎ 状态类系动词 keep, stay, remain The shop stays open till 9 pm. ‎ 这家店开到晚上9点。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1. 系动词十形容词，构成系表结构。‎ ‎ 2. 系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。如：‎ ‎ 这条裙子摸起来很舒服。（汉译英）‎ ‎ The dress feels comfortable（正确）‎ ‎ The dress is felt comfortable（错误）‎ 例题 ---Three-D printing technology could be used to build a house in less ‎ than 24 hours.‎ ‎ ---- It _____________amazing. It's my first time to get to know the news.‎ ‎ A. looks B. smells C sounds D. tastes ‎ 【解析】C考查感官类系动词辨析。look。看起来”；smell“闻起来”；sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”。由后句“这是我第一次了解这个消息”可知“消息”是听起来惊人。故选C项。‎ 三、助动词 助动词本身没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词，如动词be、have、do等在句子中与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时，才担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有will, shall, would, should等。‎ 分类 作用 be am/is/are+现在分词→现在进行时 was/were+现在分词→过去进行时 be+过去分词→被动语态 do 形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词原形前加强语气。‎ have have/has+过去分词→现在完成时 had+过去分词→过去完成时 will/shall/ ‎ would/should will/shall+动词原形→一般将来时 would/should+动词原形→过去将来时 例题 ‎ ‎---_______ the exchange students ________ visit the Great Wall the day after tomorrow? ‎ ‎ --- Yes, they are, I think.‎ ‎ A. Will; / B. Shall;／ C. Is; going to D. Are; going to ‎ 【解析】 D 根据问句中“the day after tomorrow”后答句中“they are”得知选用将来时态的“be going to”结构，主语是复数。故选D项。‎ 四、动词短语 ‎ 以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。‎ 动词短语的类别和用法 类别 用法 常见的动词短语 动词十介词 这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语都须置于介词之后。 ‎ look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out,‎ 动词十副词 及物性质的短语动词后跟名词（词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，宾语要置于副词之前。‎ ‎ give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back 动词十副词+介词 这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语应置于介词之后。 ‎ catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with ‎ 动词十名词十介词 它们相当于及物动词，后面要接宾语。‎ make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part in be十形容词十介词 be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about 动词十反身代词（+介词） ‎ 这类短语相当于及物动词，其后可按宾语 ‎ devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself ‎ 例题 1 Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can any problem you face.‎ ‎ A work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out ‎ 【解析】A本题考查的是含有out的动介短语辨析。work out解决，算出，hand out分发，find out找出，put out扑灭，根据句意“生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行，只有用关心和智慧你才能够解决你所面对的任何问题。”本题应该选A。‎ ‎ 例题2 ---When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave?‎ ‎ --- Wait a minute. I'm just ________________.‎ ‎ A. turning up B. picking up C. catching up D. looking up ‎ 【解析】 D本题考查含有up的动词短语辨析。turn up“调高（音量）”；pick up“捡起，拾起”；catch up“赶上”；look up“抬头看，查找”。根据句意“去香港的第一航班什么时候走的？稍等，我查一下。”本题选D项。‎ 真题测试 测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分 ‎1. Steven, go to bed now. You should _______ before six tomorrow, or you will miss the plane.‎ A. get off B. get up C. get on D. get along ‎2. The governments should __________ the use of new types of energy to make a greener world.‎ ‎ A. push in B. push for C. put out D. put up ‎3. --- The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.‎ ‎--- That doesn't ________ me at all. I'm not a net-worm, anyway.‎ A. satisfy B. surprise C. worry D. include ‎4. TFBOYS' songs ___________ sweet and many of us like listening to them.‎ A. sound B. feel C. taste D. look ‎5. The librarian told me that I could_________ these magazines for three days.‎ A. borrow B. buy C. keep D. return ‎6. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice _____ perfect.‎ ‎ A. becomes B. became C. will make D. makes ‎7. UNICEF was ________ in Europe in 1946, after World War II.‎ ‎ A. put up B. turned up C. set up D. given up ‎8. --- Has Jane done the washing yet?‎ ‎--- You cannot __________ her to do such a thing.‎ A. want B. hope C. expect D. wish ‎9. --- Do you know our new manager?‎ ‎--- Yes. He ________ to be a friend of my brother.‎ A. turns up B. turns on C. turns out D. turns off ‎10. ---Oh, my God! I ____________my notebook in my bedroom.‎ ‎ --- It doesn't matter. I'll lend you mine.‎ ‎ A. forget B. forgot C. leave D. left ‎11. In the song I Bet My Life , the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to ___________ catching their dreams.‎ A give up B. give out C. give in D. give off ‎12. It's important for us to protect nature because we ________ its rich resources to live.‎ ‎ A. depend on B. leave for C. give up D. lead to ‎13. --- What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today.‎ ‎ --- His legs hurt. He was__________ by a motorcycle this morning.‎ ‎ A. treated B. hit C. operated D. cured ‎14. When you ______ yourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are.‎ ‎ A compare B. communicate C. contact D. connect ‎15. ---Where is your father, Helen?‎ ‎--- He is trying to ____________ a new shower in the bathroom.‎ A. put out B. put in C. put through D. put down ‎16. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never _________.‎ ‎ A. come out B. put out C. carry out D. run out ‎17. ---How long can I _________ this novel Gulliver's Travels ?‎ ‎--- Only two weeks.‎ A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep ‎18. The young firemen were so brave that they __________ the fire and saved the children in that house.‎ A. put in B. put on C. put out D. put up ‎ ‎19. ---Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.‎ ‎--- Wonderful! I can't wait to___________ it.‎ A. repeat B. forget C. receive D. join ‎20. Lao She's Teahouse ________ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.‎ A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects ‎21. Bob is taking the desks away because they ___________ too much room.‎ A. stand up B. pick up C. take up D. listen up ‎22. They walked home last night because they couldn't ___________ to take a taxi.‎ ‎ A. leave B. buy C. afford D. allow ‎23. Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to ____________.‎ A. deal with B. keep up with C. agree with D. come up with ‎24. Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It ____ great exercise, such as running and kicking.‎ A. provides B. remains C. practises D. receives ‎25. --Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and ________ my bowls and dishes.‎ ‎ --- He should be careful next time.‎ ‎ A. knocked off B. took off C. showed off D. turned off ‎26. We all know that learning a foreign language _________ time and effort.‎ ‎ A requires B. reduces C. removes D. repeats ‎27. China is going to ___________a manned space station around 2020 to explore more space A set up B. put up C. wake up D. turn up ‎28. A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes. It ________ the stories of more than 150 people, and over 300 types of food.‎ ‎ A. finds B. proves C. covers D. imagines ‎29. --- What do you think of your school, Linda?‎ ‎--- It's a good place for us to ___________ ourselves for the future.‎ A. promise B. prove C. prepare D. present ‎30. --- Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370?‎ ‎ --- I've no idea. Let's _________ the TV to watch the news programme.‎ A. turn on B. turn down C. turn up D. turn off ‎31. It's not the right time to argue about who should be blamed. We'd better _________ and find a way out as soon as possible.‎ A stay up B. give up C. calm down D. look down ‎32. Don't _______ too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.‎ A. get up B. put up C. stay up D. wake up ‎33. --- Your trainers ____________colourful.‎ ‎--- Yes. And they are popular among young people.‎ A. feel B. smell C. taste D. look ‎34. You should ________ smoking. It's really bad for your health.‎ A. look up B. give up C. get up D. set up ‎35. The 18tri Jiangsu Provincial Games will _______ in September. Many students want to be ‎ volunteers.‎ A. take place B. take part C. take action D. take care ‎36. --- What smells terrible, Ted ?‎ ‎--- I'm sorry. I'll __________ my shoes and wash them at once.‎ A. take away B. put away C. throw away D. keep away ‎37. I think our government should pass a law to ________ food waste.‎ A. save B. increase C. protect D. reduce ‎38. We all know how wonderful you are . There is no need to ________.‎ A. show off B. give up C. take care D. carry on ‎39. The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to ______ energy.‎ A .was used to; producing B. used to; producing C. was used to; produce D. used to; produce ‎40. --- The classroom is so bright now. You should _______ the lights.‎ ‎--- OK, I will.‎ A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off 模拟测试 测试时间：30分钟 满分：60分 ‎1. ---It is reported that some natural resources will _______ because they are used carelessly.‎ ‎ --- What a pity! Let's act to protect them right away.‎ A. break out B. run out C. put out D. hand out ‎2. --- Look! He's running so fast! ‎ ‎--- Hard to ________ his legs were once broken.‎ A. know B. imagine C. think D. understand ‎3. We all know some of the police's duties are to keep order and ________ the law.‎ A. take out B. find out C. come out D. carry out ‎4. ---Why are you often dressed in white?‎ ‎--- Because I think white can help me _______ when I feel stressed.‎ A. fall down B. calm down C. look down D. come down ‎5. ---Would you please ________ the TV a little? Jack is doing his homework.‎ ‎--- Terribly sorry, I will.‎ A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off ‎6. --- How was your May Day holiday?‎ ‎--- Just so so, we drove to Hangzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were all_____‎ A. given up B. taken up C. stayed up D. put up ‎ ~ Mr Johnson,‎ ‎7. --- Mr. Johnson, would you have some more ice cream?‎ ‎-- No, thanks. It's very good, but I have to __________ my weight, you know.‎ ‎ A. remain B. watch C. notice D. care ‎8. --- How much ___________the shoes?‎ ‎--- Five dollars_____________ enough.‎ ‎ A is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are ‎9. The computer system ____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.‎ ‎ A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in ‎10. --- How much is the 3 - D TV set ___________ ?‎ ‎ --- I've no idea, you can check it online.‎ ‎ A. spent B. taken C. worth D. cost ‎11. It's not the right time to argue about whose fault it is. We'd better _______and find a way ‎ out as soon as possible.‎ A. break down B. give up C. calm down D. look down ‎12. Don't waste food! _________ all the vegetables on the plate.‎ A. Wash up B. Eat up C. Put up D. Clean up ‎13. --- Can I speak to Mrs Green?‎ ‎ --- Sorry, wrong number. Please _____________to 114 and check the number.‎ A. put out B. put off C. put through D. put away ‎14.--- What are you going to do for the School Day?‎ ‎--- We'11_____________ a new play.‎ A. put out B. put off C. put into D. put on ‎15. Wearing white can help people __________ when they feel stressed ‎ A. fall down B. calm down C. look down D. come down ‎16. China Dream is a great way to gather people together and _________the fast development of our country.‎ A. try out for B. fit for C. push for D. cheer for ‎17. --- How were your May Day holiday?‎ ‎--- Everything was wonderful except that our car ____________.‎ A. slowed down B. put down C. came down D. broke down ‎18. How lucky Peter was! Some policemen arrived in time and ________ him out.‎ ‎ A. tried to help B. managed to help C. tried helping D. succeeded to help ‎19. Water from this polluted well _________ serious illness.‎ A. causes to B. suffers from C. leads to D. lies in ‎20. We'd better ________ subjects like age, weight or money while talking in Western countries.‎ A. agree . B. avoid C. afford D. allow ‎21. Mike _________live in London, but now he works in China.‎ A. is used to B. used to C. was used to D. gets used to ‎22. ---Excuse me, sir. Would you please __________the total cost of the dinner?‎ ‎--- All right, I will make it at once.‎ A. take out B. give out C. work out D. put out ‎23. Mum is the busiest in my family. She __________ early every day.‎ A. is used to get up B. is used to getting up C. is used for getting up D. used to get up ‎24. --- Look! There is some fish left. It's a waste of food.‎ ‎--- We should____________ .‎ A. put it out B. sell it out C. drink it up D. eat it up ‎25. ---What's wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.‎ ‎--- I ____________ to prepare for the final exam last night.‎ ‎ A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up ‎26. The rubbish near the river____________. Please clean it up as soon as possible.‎ A. smells bad B. is smelt bad C. smells badly D. is smelt badly ‎27. --- Jack, could you help me _________ these pictures on the blackboard? It may help us know more about the hazy weather. (雾霾)‎ ‎--- With pleasure.‎ ‎ A. put in B. put up C. put on D. put down ‎28. Recycling is one way to protect the environment, so don't ________ bottles or newspapers.‎ A find out B. hand in C use up D. throw away ‎29. Finally, the two volunteers ________ a plan to help the injured tiger.‎ A. looked out B. worked out C. got out D. took out ‎30. --- Many students don't know how to _________ stress and become worried.‎ ‎--- I think they'd better talk to their teachers or parents.‎ A. argue with B. deal with C. come up with D. quarrel with 答案：‎ 真题测试 ‎1-5. BBCAC 6-10. DCCCD 11-15. AABAB ‎16- 20. DDCDA 21-25. CCAAA 26-30. AACCA ‎31-35. CCDBA 36-40. ADADD 模拟测试 ‎1-5. BBDBB 6-10. BBBAA 11-15. ABCDB ‎16-20. CDBCB 21-25. 13CBDC 26-30. ABDBB