【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题专题主旨要义（44页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题专题主旨要义（44页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题专题主旨要义 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考频统计 ‎　　卷名 年份　　‎ 课标全国Ⅰ 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ ‎2017‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎2016‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2015‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎—‎ ‎2014‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎—‎ ‎2013‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎—‎ 考点内容 主旨大意题要求考生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要考生能够分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论,从而找出能概括文章主旨的句子和文章的标题。‎ 分析解读 主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。 它既考查阅读理解能力,又考查深层次推理、概括能力。‎ 近五年考查主旨大意的试题的题量相对稳定,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后,方可得出正确答案。 考查形式由原先简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求考生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。‎ ‎【命题探究】 ‎ ‎(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)‎ Some of the world most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.①‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It Jason Moran job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio reporter Neal Conan.“What I hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to ‎ 命题方法 ‎1.主旨要义试题的命题类型:‎ 篇章主旨题和段落主旨题。‎ ‎2.主旨要义试题的正确选项命题方法:‎ ‎(1)对段首尾句的说明或提炼;‎ ‎(2)对文中开头观点提出质疑的内容的提炼;‎ ‎(3)对因果句中表现作者的意图、观点甚至全文主题的内容的提炼。‎ ‎3.主旨要义试题的干扰项命题方法:‎ ‎(1)以偏概全 ‎(2)自相矛盾 ‎(3)张冠李戴 ‎(4)无中生有 精准审题 本篇中第4题,根据Which和the best title可知为主旨大意题。‎ reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It actually color, and it actually digital.”‎ ‎　　Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it the recontextualization②. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A.To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B.To protect cultural diversity.‎ C.To encourage people to study music.‎ D.To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A.Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B.The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C.Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D.The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ ‎3.What can we infer about Moran opinion on jazz?‎ A.It will disappear gradually.‎ B.It remains black and white.‎ C.It should keep up with the times.‎ D.It changes every 50 years.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.Exploring the Future of Jazz B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz C.The Story of a Jazz Musician D.Celebrating the Jazz Day 解题步骤 ‎1.找主旨 通过扫读迅速判断文章或段落的结构。英语语篇常用4种结构。 ‎ ‎①点出主题→围绕主题展开论述、论证或说明。 在这种情况下,该段(文)的主题句应该在段首。‎ ‎②表述细节→概括主题或归纳要点或得出结论。 在这种情况下,该段(文)的主题句应该在段尾。‎ ‎③“引题→主题思想→解释”或“提问→回答→解释”。在这种情况下,该段(文)的主题句应该在段中。‎ ‎④提出主题→展开论述或说明→进一步引申或发展主题。 在这种情况下,该段(文)的主题句应该在段首和段尾。‎ ‎2.定答案 找到文章主题句后,还需要考生以该主题句的“话题”为中心,结合解释性的词语判断该文的主题或题目。‎ 高效解题 做主旨大意题需要考生通过扫读的方法了解文章架构,从而总结出该文主旨。‎ 第一段:介绍世界最知名的音乐家齐聚巴黎和新奥尔良来庆祝一年一度的国际爵士乐日,引出爵士乐这一话题;‎ 第二段:介绍了爵士乐的现状从而提出问题(爵士乐观众在减少且呈老龄化状态;爵士乐不能够引起年轻人的共鸣);‎ 第三段至结尾:介绍Jason为改变该现状所做的工作。Jason认为爵士乐需要与时俱进以获得更多的听众。从本部分可推知本文的中心是探索爵士乐的未来。 ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.D　2.C　3.C　4.A ‎【注释】‎ ‎①UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures.联合国教科文组织最近把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日来提高对爵士乐、其重要性和在跨文化交流方面作为统一声音的潜力 的意识。‎ 本句的主干是:UNESCO set April 30 as a day;后面的不定式短语(to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential...)作目的状语。‎ ‎②recontextualization 由19个字母组成,但可通过构词法了解其意义。context(n.上下文,语境)→加后缀-ual构成contextual(adj.上下文的,语境的) →加后缀-ize构成contextualize(v.语境化)→去e加后缀-ation构成 contextualization,为名词,意为:语境化。‎ ‎【五年高考】 ‎ Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317‎ Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.‎ Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don expect it to show up in too many driveways. It expected to cost $279,000. And it won help if you stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.‎ Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.‎ Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.‎ ‎　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A.The basic data of the Transition.‎ B.The advantages of flying cars.‎ C.The potential market for flying cars.‎ D.The designers of the Transition.‎ ‎2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?‎ A.It causes traffic jams. B.It is difficult to operate.‎ C.It is very expensive. D.It burns too much fuel.‎ ‎3.What is the government attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Flying Car at Auto Show B.The Transition First Flight C.Pilots Dream Coming True D.Flying Car Closer to Reality 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324‎ The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. ‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.‎ These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”‎ ‎“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”‎ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”‎ ‎“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”‎ ‎“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?‎ A.To explore new means of transport.‎ B.To design new types of cars.‎ C.To find out older drivers problems.‎ D.To teach people traffic rules.‎ ‎2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?‎ A.It keeps them independent.‎ B.It helps them save time.‎ C.It builds up their strength.‎ D.It cures their mental illnesses.‎ ‎3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?‎ A.Improve their driving skills.‎ B.Develop driver-assist technologies.‎ C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.‎ D.Organize regular physical checkups.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.A New Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problems C.Driving Services for Elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 3(2017浙江,A)词数:326‎ Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ The cat lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. ‎ In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎1.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.Benjamin visit to Philadelphia.‎ B.Williams influence on Benjamin.‎ C.The beginning of Benjamin life as an artist.‎ D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A.The cat would be closely watched.‎ B.The cat would get some medical care.‎ C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B.He provided him with painting materials.‎ C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D.He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎4.Williams two books helped Benjamin to 　　　. ‎ A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.D　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 4(2017天津,A)词数:307‎ Suppose you in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.‎ Realisation will probably set in seconds after you clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.‎ What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.‎ Clicking “send”too soon Don waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.‎ Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).‎ Clicking “reply all”unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.‎ Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel 　　　. ‎ A.curious B.tired C.awful D.funny ‎2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to 　　　. ‎ A.apologise in a serious manner B.tell the receiver to ignore the error C.learn to write the name correctly D.send a short notice to everyone ‎3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?‎ A.Try offering other choices.‎ B.Avoid further involvement.‎ C.Meet other staff members.‎ D.Make a light-hearted apology.‎ ‎4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?‎ A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.‎ B.By seeking support from the receiver friends.‎ C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.‎ D.By talking to the receiver face to face.‎ ‎5.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A.Defining email errors. B.Reducing email mistakes.‎ C.Handling email accidents. D.Improving email writing.‎ 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ ‎5.C　‎ Passage 5(2017北京,C)词数:358‎ Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn work.‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ That exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.‎ Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.‎ ‎1.The first two paragraphs suggest that　　　. ‎ A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D.information about measles spreads quickly ‎2.Herd immunity works well when　　　. ‎ A.exemptions are allowed B.several vaccines are used together C.the whole neighborhood is involved in D.new regulations are added to the state laws ‎3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?‎ A.The overuse of vaccine.‎ B.The lack of medical care.‎ C.The features of measles itself.‎ D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.‎ ‎4.What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A.To introduce the idea of exemption.‎ B.To discuss methods to cure measles.‎ C.To stress the importance of vaccination.‎ D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.‎ 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.C　‎ Passage 6(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ ‎1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A.It implies anger.‎ B.It promotes friendship.‎ C.It is culture-specific.‎ D.It is content-based.‎ ‎2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A.The Chinese. B.The French.‎ C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.‎ ‎3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B.Break it while treating patients.‎ C.Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D.Make use of its healing effects.‎ ‎4.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 7(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254‎ Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real”and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.‎ ‎1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?‎ A.To explain what they are.‎ B.To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C.To stress the importance of reading.‎ D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.The book. B.An adventure.‎ C.A public place. D.The identification number.‎ ‎3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?‎ A.Meet other readers to discuss it.‎ B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.‎ C.Pass it on to another reader.‎ D.Mail it back to its owner.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour B.Electronic Books:A New Trend C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D.A Website Links People through Books 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 8(2016四川,D)词数:255‎ A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk　　　. ‎ A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious C.were less active D.woke up later ‎2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ A.It been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B.It can make people more energetic.‎ C.It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D.It used in sleeping drugs.‎ ‎3.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health ‎4.How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A.By giving examples.‎ B.By stating arguments.‎ C.By explaining statistical data.‎ D.By providing research results.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.D　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 9(2016北京,C)词数:359‎ California Condor Shocking Recovery California condors are North America largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.‎ Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.‎ Rideout team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”‎ ‎1.California condors attract researchers interest because they　　　. ‎ A.are active at night B.had to be bred in the wild C.are found only in California D.almost died out in the 1980s ‎2.Researchers have found electrical lines are　　　. ‎ A.blocking condors journey home B.big killers of California condors C.rest places for condors at night D.used to keep condors away ‎3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning　　　. ‎ A.makes condors too nervous to fly B.has little effect on condors kidneys C.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors blood D.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds ‎4.This passage shows that　　　. ‎ A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B.Rideout research interest lies in electric engineering C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem 答案 ‎1.D　 ‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.C　‎ Passage 10(2016天津,D)词数:385‎ Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫)and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.‎ Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over.‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.‎ ‎1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to　　　. ‎ A.delay tasks B.work hard C.seek help D.accept failure ‎2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?‎ A.Writing essays in strict order.‎ B.Building up physical strength.‎ C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D.Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ ‎3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A.Before starting a difficult task. B.When all the solutions fail.‎ C.If the job is rather boring. D.After finding a way out.‎ ‎4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us　　　. ‎ A.ignore mental problems B.get some nice sleep C.gain complete relief D.find the right solution ‎5.What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Success Is Built upon Failure B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue C.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to Success D.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.D　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ ‎5.C　‎ Passage 11(2016江苏,D)词数:720‎ Not so long ago, most people didn know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica Olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).‎ ‎“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever.‎ Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.‎ It didn take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.‎ But Shelly-Ann victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman as well as a man world.  ‎ As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions aren made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.‎ ‎1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?‎ A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.‎ B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.‎ C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.‎ D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.‎ ‎2.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?‎ A.She would become a promising star.‎ B.She badly needed to set higher goals.‎ C.Her sprinting career would not last long.‎ D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.‎ ‎3.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?‎ A.Her success and lessons in her career.‎ B.Her interest in Shelly-Ann quick profit.‎ C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.‎ D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.‎ ‎4.What can we infer from Shelly-Ann statement underlined in Paragraph 5?‎ A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.‎ B.She was eager to do more for her country.‎ C.She became an athletic star in her country.‎ D.She was the envy of the whole community.‎ ‎5.By mentioning Muhammad Ali words, the author intends to tell us that 　　　. ‎ A.players should be highly inspired by coaches B.great athletes need to concentrate on patience C.hard work is necessary in one achievements D.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top ‎6.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Making of a Great Athlete B.The Dream for Championship C.The Key to High Performance D.The Power of Full Responsibility 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.B　‎ ‎5.D　‎ ‎6.A　‎ Passage 12(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:304‎ Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.‎ Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.‎ Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it time to repaint,go blue.‎ Don forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while ‎ you at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.‎ ‎　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And we pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.‎ ‎1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about　　　. ‎ A.their home comforts B.their body shape C.house buying D.healthy diets ‎2.A home environment in blue can help people　　　. ‎ A.digest food better B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories D.regain their appetites ‎3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?‎ A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music.‎ C.Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights.‎ ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Is Your House Making You Fat?‎ B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.A　‎ Passage 13(2015安徽,B)词数:275‎ When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.‎ Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Danny mother,Diana,who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards,Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young.However,Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.‎ Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,but one by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other,they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”‎ Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three generations of Ans working together.Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant,they had big dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big success.‎ ‎1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show　　　. ‎ A.the strength of family unity ‎ B.the difficulty of growing up C.the advantage of chopsticks ‎ D.the best way of giving a lesson ‎2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family　　　. ‎ A.started a business in 1975‎ B.left Vietnam without much money C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles ‎3.What can we infer about the An daughters?‎ A.They did not finish their college education.‎ B.They could not bear to work in the family business.‎ C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.‎ D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.How to Run a Corporation B.Strength Comes from Peace C.How to Achieve a Big Dream D.Family Unity Builds Success 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 14(2015安徽,E)词数:270‎ Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or culture celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.‎ Sharing bread,whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table,is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread,so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States,pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece,people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake,which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant role.In China,when a baby is one month old,families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ Nutrition is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, sharing bread　　　. ‎ A.indicates a lack of food B.can help to develop unity C.is a custom unique to rural areas D.has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A.Trust. B.Success.‎ C.Health. D.Togetherness.‎ ‎3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by　　　. ‎ A.using examples B.making comparisons C.analyzing causes D.describing processes ‎4.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A.The custom of sharing food.‎ B.The specific meaning of food.‎ C.The role of food in ceremonies.‎ D.The importance of food in culture.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.B　 ‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 15(2015重庆,C)词数:257‎ ‎　Join the discussion...‎ Lakelander·2 hours ago Today,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it,though.‎ Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try?Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused,he took out his French horn(号)and started to practise.‎ Angie O·42 minutes ago I don see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Don do to others what you wouldn like to be done to yourself.Once,a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly,giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later,he left his seat to answer it.You see,a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.‎ Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train,and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part,and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.‎ Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train,but,several years ago,I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.‎ ‎1.The passenger made an apology to Angie O because　　　. ‎ A.he offered his seat to someone else B.he spoke very loudly on his phone C.he refused to talk with Angie D.he ignored Angie request ‎2.Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ A.Pak50. B.Angie O C.Taodas. D.Sophie76.‎ ‎3.What is the discussion mainly about?‎ A.How to react to bad behavior.‎ B.How to kill time on a train.‎ C.How to chat with strangers.‎ D.How to make a phone call.‎ ‎4.Where is the passage most probably taken from?‎ A.A webpage. B.A newspaper. C.A novel. D.A report.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.A　‎ Passage 16(2015天津,B)词数:293‎ Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.‎ While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.‎ The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn just deliver general answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.‎ Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.‎ Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.‎ The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal.‎ ‎1.How are social robots different from household robots?‎ A.They can control their emotions.‎ B.They are more like humans.‎ C.They do the normal housework.‎ D.They respond to users more slowly.‎ ‎2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?‎ A.Communicate with you and perform operations.‎ B.Answer your questions and make requests.‎ C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.‎ D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.‎ ‎3.What can Oshbot work as?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ A.A language teacher. B.A tour guide.‎ C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse.‎ ‎4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will　　　. ‎ A.train employees B.be our workmates C.improve technologies D.take the place of workers ‎5.What does the passage mainly present?‎ A.A new design idea of household robots.‎ B.Marketing strategies for social robots.‎ C.Information on household robots.‎ D.An introduction to social robots.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.D　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.B　‎ ‎5.D　‎ Passage 17(2015天津,C)词数:369‎ One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.‎ In the library,I found my way into the“Children Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.‎ There on the book cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.‎ Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.‎ My mother call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something:I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.‎ I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.‎ ‎1.The author mother told him to borrow a book in order to　　　. ‎ A.encourage him to do more walking B.let him spend a meaningful summer C.help cure him of his reading problem D.make him learn more about weapons ‎2.The book caught the author eye because　　　. ‎ A.it contained pretty pictures of animals B.it reminded him of his own dog C.he found its title easy to understand D.he liked children stories very much ‎3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?‎ A.He was forced by his mother to read it.‎ B.He identified with the story in the book.‎ C.The book told the story of his pet dog.‎ D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.‎ ‎4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A.The author has become a successful writer.‎ B.The author mother read the same book.‎ C.The author mother rewarded him with books.‎ D.The author has had happy summers ever since.‎ ‎5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?‎ A.The Charm of a Book B.Mum Strict Order C.Reunion with My Beagle D.My Passion for Reading 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.A　‎ ‎5.A　‎ Passage 18(2015北京,D)词数:368‎ Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.‎ An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查)on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be“very”or“somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today parents are trying to manage their children lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.‎ However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their“adult”children.‎ In the context(背景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible?Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parents—today grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.‎ Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.‎ Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to ‎ bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.‎ ‎1.The surveys inform us of　　　. ‎ A.the development of technology B.the changes of adult children behavior C.the parents over-protection of their college children D.the means and expenses of students communication ‎2.The writer believes that　　　. ‎ A.parents today are more protective than those in the past B.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages C.technology explains greater parental involvement with their children D.parents changed attitudes lead to college children delayed independence ‎3.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.Technology or Attitude B.Dependence or Independence C.Family Influences or Social Changes D.College Management or Communication Advancement ‎4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?‎ I:Introduction　　P:Point　　Sp:Sub-point(次要点)　C:Conclusion 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 19(2015江苏,B)词数:391‎ In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories ‎ needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ the production, distribution, and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.‎ In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?‎ From the governments point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.‎ ‎1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that　　　. ‎ A.the weight of e-goods is rather small B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of C.natural minerals contain more precious metals D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste ‎2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended　　　. ‎ A.from producers to governments B.from governments to producers C.from individuals to distributors D.from distributors to governments ‎3.What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A.The increase in e-waste. B.The creation of e-waste. ‎ C.The seriousness of e-waste. D.The management of e-waste.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.D　‎ Passage 20(2015浙江,C)词数:466‎ If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the sun light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us don think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it the only way to explain what we done to the night:We engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.‎ The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design,which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life,including ourselves,have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world,some aspect of life is affected.‎ In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.We grown so used to this ‎ orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience,beyond memory almost.‎ We lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country,when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone,the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force,and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁).The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night,birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.‎ Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal,throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint,including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures,we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare,to our internal clockwork,as light itself.‎ Living in a glare of our own making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense,light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being,which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.‎ ‎1.According to the passage,human beings　　　. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ A.prefer to live in the darkness B.are used to living in the day light C.were curious about the midnight world D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon ‎2.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to?‎ A.The night. B.The moon.‎ C.The sky. D.The planet.‎ ‎3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to　　　. ‎ A.provide examples of animal protection B.show how light pollution affects animals C.compare the living habits of both species D.explain why the number of certain species has declined ‎4.It is implied in the last paragraph that　　　. ‎ A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C.human beings cannot go to the outer space D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe ‎5.What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Magic Light. B.The Orange Haze.‎ C.The Disappearing Night. D.The Rhythms of Nature.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ ‎5.C　‎ Passage 21(2014课标Ⅱ,A)词数:269‎ Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.‎ ‎ During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport.‎ ‎ He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.‎ ‎ Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.‎ ‎ My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.‎ That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.‎ ‎1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ A.Go shopping. B.Find a house.‎ C.Join his family. D.Take a vacation.‎ ‎2.The girl parents got Rashid phone number from　　　. ‎ A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policeman C.a letter in his papers D.a stranger in Sydney ‎3.What does the underlined word “restored”in the last paragraph mean?‎ A.Showed. B.Sent out. C.Delivered. D.Gave back.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.From India to Australia. B.Living in a New Country.‎ C.Turning Trash to Treasure. D.In Search of New Friends.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.C　‎ Passage 22(2014山东,D)词数:282‎ How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track your performance on your phone.‎ The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.‎ The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right(Don forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you brushing long enough.“It kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the French inventor.‎ The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so developers could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also fun,”Serval says.‎ Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but ‎ Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.‎ The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for $99 to $199,depending on features.The U.S.is the first target market.‎ Serval says that one day,it be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.‎ ‎1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?‎ A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.‎ B.It can track users school performance.‎ C.It can detect users fear of seeing a dentist.‎ D.It can help users find their phones.‎ ‎2.What can we learn from Serval words in Paragraph 3?‎ A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.‎ B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.‎ C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.‎ D.You like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.‎ ‎3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?‎ A.It can be used to update mobile phones.‎ B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.‎ C.It can send messages to other users.‎ D.It can talk to its developers.‎ ‎4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?‎ A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.‎ B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.‎ C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.‎ D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.‎ ‎5.What can we infer about Serval children?‎ A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth.‎ B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.‎ C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.‎ D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.‎ ‎6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?‎ A.The brush handle will be removed.‎ B.A mobile phone will be built into it.‎ C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth.‎ D.It will be able to check users teeth.‎ 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ ‎5.A　‎ ‎6.D　‎ Passage 23(2014江西,C)词数:319‎ Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page,not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.‎ With existing medical knowledge and skills,two-thirds of the world 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately,rich countries possess most of this knowledge,while developing countries do not.‎ ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC—8 aircraft,there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作)among countries.‎ ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses,who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China,ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.‎ For just US $38,you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people;$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.‎ ‎1.The first paragraph is intended to　　　. ‎ A.introduce a new way of reading B.advise the public to lead a simple life C.direct the public attention to the blind D.encourage the public to use imagination ‎2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?‎ A.They are adequate.‎ B.They have not been updated.‎ C.They are not equally distributed.‎ D.They have benefited most of the blind.‎ ‎3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by　　　. ‎ A.teaching medical students B.training doctors and nurses C.running flying hospitals globally D.setting up non-profit organizations ‎4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?‎ A.Appeal for donations.‎ B.Make an advertisement.‎ C.Promote training programs.‎ D.Show sympathy for the blind.‎ ‎5.What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.ORBIS in China B.Fighting Blindness C.ORBIS Flying Hospital D.Sight-saving Techniques 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.A　‎ ‎5.C　‎ Passage 24(2014湖南,B)词数:319‎ In the mid-1950s,I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.One day,this approach threw me into embarrassment. ‎ In Mrs.Totten eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson,Indiana,we were learning to add and subtract decimals(小数).‎ Our teacher typically assigned daily homework,which would be recited in class the following day.On most days,our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.‎ Mrs.Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets.She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.‎ Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students,it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer.This particular time,I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.‎ What I failed to expect was that several students were absent,which threw off my estimate.As Mrs.Totten made her way from the beginning of the class,I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get.I tried to work it out before she got to me,but I had brain freeze and couldn function.‎ When Mrs.Totten reached my desk,she asked what answer I got for problem No.14.“I...I didn get anything,”I answered,and my face felt warm.‎ ‎“Correct,”she said.‎ It turned out that the correct answer was zero.‎ What did I learn that day?First,always do all your homework.Second,in real life it isn always what you say but how you say it that matters.Third,I would never make it as a mathematician.‎ If I could choose one school day that taught me the most,it would be that one.‎ ‎1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?‎ A.It is wise to value one time.‎ B.It is important to make an effort.‎ C.It is right to stick to one belief.‎ D.It is enough to do the necessary.‎ ‎2.Usually, Mrs. Totten asked her students to　　　. ‎ A.recite their homework together B.grade their homework themselves C.answer their homework questions orally D.check the answers to their homework questions ‎3.The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always　　　. ‎ A.asked questions in a regular way B.walked up and down when asking questions C.chose two or three questions for the students D.requested her students to finish their usual questions ‎4.The author failed to get the questions he had expected because　　　. ‎ A.the class didn begin as usual B.several students didn come to school C.he didn try hard to make his estimate D.Mrs.Totten didn start from the back of the class ‎5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.An Unforgettable Teacher B.A Future Mathematician C.An Effective Approach D.A Valuable Lesson 答案 ‎1.D　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.B　‎ ‎5.D　‎ Passage 25(2014湖北,B)词数:381‎ London newest skyscraper(摩天大楼)is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres,it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However,not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.‎ The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London,Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅杆)of the ships that were once on the river Thames.‎ The Shard has 87 floors.At the top,there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty,but eventually there will be a five-star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants,apartments and offices.‎ Before building work began,a lot of people didn want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York,but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration,only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.‎ Other critics don like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.‎ The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain,however,that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.‎ ‎1.London newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of　　　. ‎ A.its size B.its cost C.its shape D.its height ‎2.When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to　　　. ‎ A.change London skyline B.inherit London tradition C.imitate the Egyptian style D.attract potential visitors ‎3.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard　　　. ‎ A.is only preferred by the rich B.is far away from the poor area C.is intended for wealthy people D.is popular only with Londoners ‎4.Which would be the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Shard:Cheers and Claps B.The Shard:Work of a Great Architect C.The Shard:New Symbol of London?‎ D.The Shard:A Change for the Better?‎ 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 26(2014辽宁,C)词数:264‎ Would it surprise you to learn that,like animals,trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?‎ UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact,the opposite is true:trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”. ‎ Nitrogen(氮)and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真菌)networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元)in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all.‎ Simard talks about “mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies”or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.‎ ‎“We didn take any notice of it,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.‎ ‎1.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees　　　. ‎ A.compete for survival B.protect their own wealth C.depend on each other D.provide support for dying trees ‎2.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they　　　. ‎ A.look the largest in size in the forest B.pass on nutrition to young trees C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans D.know more about the complex“tree societies”‎ ‎3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to　　　. ‎ A.how “tree societies” work B.how trees grow old C.how forestry industry develops D.how young trees survive ‎4.What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D.Trees Contribute To Our Society 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.C　‎ Passage 27(2014四川,C)词数:293‎ A schoolgirl saved her father life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart.‎ Izzy,nine,restarted father Colm heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.‎ Izzy mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.‎ However,she quickly discovered her arms weren strong enough,so she stamped on her father chest instead.‎ Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压)until the ambulance arrived.‎ Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”‎ ‎“She a little star,”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we got to see an expert.”‎ Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.‎ He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.‎ ‎1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest　　　. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ A.to express her helplessness B.to practise CPR on him C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart ‎2.What the right order of the events?‎ ‎①Izzy kicked Colm.‎ ‎②Debbie called 999.‎ ‎③Izzy learned CPR.‎ ‎④Colm heart stopped.‎ A.③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①②‎ ‎3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?‎ A.What Colm suffered.‎ B.Colm present condition.‎ C.What caused Colm allergy.‎ D.Symptoms of Colm allergic reaction.‎ ‎4.Why does the author write the news?‎ A.To describe a serious accident.‎ B.To prove the importance of CPR.‎ C.To report a 9-year-old girl brave act.‎ D.To call people attention to allergic reaction.‎ 答案 ‎1.D　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.C　‎ Passage 28(2014浙江,C)词数:426‎ Last summer,two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana,to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco.The houses were made ‎ of wood.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil;now they hold Twitter engineers.‎ The cottages could be an example of the industry odd love affair with “low technology”,a concept associated with the natural world,and with old-school craftsmanship(手艺)that exists long before the Internet era.Low technology is not virtual(虚拟的)—so,to take advantage of it,Internet companies have had to get creative.The rescued wood cottages,fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds,are an obvious example,but Twitter designs lie on the extreme end.Other companies are using a broader interpretation(阐释)of low technology that focuses on nature.‎ Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees,so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural,park-like setting”.At Google office,an entire floor is carpeted in grass.Facebook second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.‎ Olle Lundberg,the founder of Lundberg Design,has worked with many tech companies over the years.“We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives,and our tech engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished(贫乏的),because they surrounded by the digital world,”he says.“They looking for a way to regain their individual identity,and we found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”‎ This craft-based theory is rooted in history.William Morris,the English artist and writer,turned back to pre-indu-strial arts in the eighteen-sixties,just after the Industrial Revolution.The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines.“Without creative human occupation,people became disconnected from life,”Morris said.‎ Research has shown that natural environments can restore(恢复)our mental capacities.In Japan,patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe”,taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.‎ These health benefits apply to the workplace as well.Rachel Kaplan,a professor of environmental psychology,has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments.Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying.If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then,fine,bring on the cottages.‎ ‎1.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that　　　. ‎ A.Twitter is having a hard time B.old cottages are in need of protection C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana D.Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology ‎2.Low technology is regarded as something that　　　. ‎ A.is related to nature B.is out of date today C.consumes too much energy D.exists in the virtual world ‎3.The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings　　　. ‎ A.have destroyed many pre-industrial arts B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts C.can become intelligent by learning history D.can regain their individual identity by using machines ‎4.The writer attitude to “low technology” can best be described as　　　. ‎ A.positive B.defensive C.cautious D.doubtful ‎5.What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Past Glories,Future Dreams.‎ B.The Virtual World,the Real Challenge.‎ C.High-tech Companies,Low-tech Offices.‎ D.The More Craftsmanship,the Less Creativity.‎ 答案 ‎1.D　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.A　‎ ‎5.C　‎ Passage 29(2013课标Ⅱ,A)词数:248‎ Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don listen because they already know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.‎ I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架)down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to put the landing gear down now!”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and I used it in the operating room ever since.‎ CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”. ‎ ‎1.What does the author say about doctors in general?‎ A.They like flying by themselves.‎ B.They are unwilling to take advice.‎ C.They pretend to be good pilots.‎ D.They are quick learners of CRM.‎ ‎2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when　　　. ‎ A.he saved the plane by speaking up B.he was in charge of a flying task C.his boss landed the plane too late D.his boss operated on a patient ‎3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up”probably means　　　. ‎ A.following flying requirements B.overreacting to different opinions C.listening to what fellow doctors say D.making a mistake that may cost lives ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C.The Making of a Good Pilot D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 30(2013北京,C)词数:325‎ Does Fame Drive You Crazy?‎ Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!‎ According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”‎ The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain(抱怨)about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.‎ Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story”alive forever.‎ If fame is so troublesome,why aren all celebrities running away from it?The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.‎ Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.‎ ‎1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today　　　. ‎ A.are often misunderstood by the public B.can no longer have their privacy protected C.spend too much on their public appearance D.care little about how they have come into fame ‎2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.‎ B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.‎ C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.‎ D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.‎ ‎3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?‎ A.Availability of modern media.‎ B.Inadequate social recognition.‎ C.Lack of favorable chances.‎ D.Huge population of fans.‎ ‎4.What is the author attitude toward modern celebrity?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ A.Sincere. B.Sceptical.‎ C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.‎ 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.D　‎ ‎【三年模拟】‎ A组　2016—2018年模拟·基础题组 Passage 1(2018河南天一大联考Ⅱ,D)词数:328‎ It common for children to grow up being told to minimize daydreaming, and instead to focus on lessons and class work. Historically, daydreaming students who go off on their own thoughts,rather than focusing on the teachers,the blackboard or their class work,are often encouraged to stop allowing their attention to wander and to bring themselves back into the present moment. They described as uninterested in schoolwork and their future. Traditionally, daydreaming is seen as a practice that results in bad consequences.‎ But recent studies are beginning to renounce those common beliefs by pointing out the potential benefits that daydreaming may provide. Psych Central reports that Mary Smith, a psychological scientist and researcher, recently examined scientific writings and studies to gain a better understanding of the role of a reflective brain. These studies have shown that the brain has a network that is active when a person is daydreaming and that brain network can help fuel memory and learning.‎ Though paying attention in school is important, these results suggest that there should be time for students to daydream,too. Giving them the opportunity to reflect and daydream can help improve learning and development. Research also indicates that when students are permitted to daydream,they experience less anxiety and become more motivated. On the other hand,if students are cautioned against daydreaming, their knowledge of themselves and the world around them may suffer.‎ As a result,educators are encouraged to promote a balance between outward and inward attention. A little bit of daydreaming to break up the hard focus on school activities can be beneficial, and it may help students become better, active learners.‎ As for students,the lesson here is not to be afraid of daydreaming. Sure, you want to pay attention to the vital information conveyed to you during your classes,but don get discouraged if your mind wanders. A little bit of daydreaming is healthy.‎ ‎　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎1.What do people usually think of daydreaming students?‎ A.They live in the future instead of in the moment.‎ B.They pay too much attention to their own thoughts.‎ C.They care about neither their studies nor their future.‎ D.They go off on their own thoughts to avoid bad results.‎ ‎2.The underlined word“renounce”in Paragraph 2 most probably means“　　　　”. ‎ A.abandon B.ignore C.promote D.confirm ‎3.If students are prohibited from daydreaming, they will　　　　. ‎ A.know better about themselves B.get more motivation C.enjoy more calmness D.become more anxious ‎4.What can be the best title for the text?‎ A.Causes of Daydreaming B.Daydreaming? Not Too Bad!‎ C.Daydreaming? The More,the Better.‎ D.Attitudes towards Daydreaming 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 2(2018安徽皖南八校一联,C)词数:325‎ He was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.‎ Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didn know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always knowing she was an outgoing child, I wasn surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn look at her and say “Hi” back.‎ As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didn want to say hi to her. Because I didn have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” Later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.‎ A few days later, as we approached Bob house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi, Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didn respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.‎ As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft and gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”‎ From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greetings each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But the sweetest day is the day when Bob attended my daughter high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift—a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.‎ ‎1.What puzzled the girl?‎ A.The cause of the man sadness.‎ B.The shadows in the man eyes.‎ C.The man sitting still on the steps.‎ D.The man not answering her greeting.‎ ‎　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?‎ A.Proud. B.Nervous. C.Embarrassed. D.Comfortable.‎ ‎3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?‎ A.It was care from a girl.‎ B.It was a symbol of enthusiasm.‎ C.It was a reminder of his painful days.‎ D.It represented the knowledge of trees.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.A Simple Red Leaf B.A Strange Neighbor C.An Unusual Friend D.A Greeting from a Girl 答案 ‎1.D　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.A　‎ Passage 3(2017山东济南一模,C)词数:308‎ A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time.It uses three dimensional(3-D)printing to re-create famous paintings so they can be touched.‎ One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt “The Kiss”.It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna,Austria.The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers.They are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other.The man leans down to kiss the woman.‎ Klimt finished the painting in 1908.Until now,people who had trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork.But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions.Andreas Reichinger started making 3-D versions of artworks in 2010.He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple robes are so detailed.‎ Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor.She touched the reproduction.As she moved her hands around it she said,“Exactly,can you see these? There are so many details.”Raditsch said she can imagine what the original painting looks like when she touches the reproduction.“It somehow round.You can feel it.You can feel it.It comes with it.And in many places it so smooth.And then I think to myself:it probably shines too!” Raditsch said.‎ The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3-D versions of its artworks.Some of the pieces at the Prado,in Madrid,Spain have reproductions that can be touched.But the piece in Vienna has one special part:It is made with widely available 3-D printing technology.That means one day,blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.‎ ‎1.What is “The Kiss”?‎ A.A European Union project.‎ B.A popular painting.‎ C.A 3-D technology.‎ D.A famous museum.‎ ‎2.Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish?‎ A.The painting was reproduced detailedly.‎ B.The original artwork was made in 1908.‎ C.Blind art fans can download the source.‎ D.The 3-D technology is not available.‎ ‎3.How did Raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction?‎ A.Awkward. B.Puzzled. ‎ C.Excited. D.Nervous.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.A European Union Program for Museum Visitors B.3-D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous Paintings C.How to Reproduce the World-famous Paintings D.A Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna,Austria 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 4(2017福建泉州适应性考试,C)词数:276‎ Experts predict nine billion people will live on our planet by 2050. They say by that time demand for food will be two times what it is now. Officials are worried about that prediction because many people already suffer from a lack of food. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry.‎ A solution(解决办法)to the problem may be as close as our forests. A new report says forests could help reduce hunger and improve nutrition if they are properly managed.‎ Bhaskar Vira is the director of the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute and an expert with the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). It recently released a report at the United Nations about forest and jungle foods.‎ Mr. Vira says crops that grow on trees can help feed people living in and around forests. “It like an insurance policy. Having access to those tree-based foods is hugely important when you can buy food from other sources or when you can produce food because your fields have failed.”‎ The report says that forest health and economic value improve when people who live in or near forests are given greater control of them. For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields together. The people involved hope to grow the Allanblackia plant. The oil from its seed can be used in soap, beauty products and food.‎ Okai Michael Henchard leads the project. He says he will help people who live nearby. He says they earn money and get trees on their land. The trees provide shade and improve air quality. Mr. Henchard says the project also helps fight climate change.‎ ‎1.What are officials worried about in the future?‎ A.Pollution and starvation.‎ B.Population and health.‎ C.Great demand for food. ‎ D.Sharp decrease of forests.‎ ‎2.Which can settle the problem discussed in the text, according to Mr. Vira?‎ A.Living conditions. ‎ B.Insurance policies.‎ C.Tree-based foods. ‎ D.Farming fields.‎ ‎3.What is the initial purpose of the project in Ghana?‎ A.To manage forests and fields. ‎ B.To grow the Allanblackia plant.‎ C.To produce more oil.‎ D.To beautify the environment.‎ ‎4.What would be the best title for the text?‎ A.A solution to controlling population ‎ B.Forests can help feed the world C.The importance of forest health ‎ D.The project in Ghana helps natives 答案 ‎1.C　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.A　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 5(2016安徽皖北协作区3月联考,B)词数:218‎ If your kitchen is home to just one type of cooking oil, you are missing out. As well as their unique tastes, different oils have different properties. Here a summary of cooking techniques and which widely available oil suits each best:‎ FOR GRILLING, BROWNING, AND DEEP-FRYING Almond(杏仁)oil is a member of the healthy monounsaturated(单一不饱和的)fat group, along with olive and macadamia nut oil. It has a high smoke point(450°C), so ‎ it can be used for all kinds of cooking and add that all-important extra nutty flavor. Store in a cool dry place.‎ FOR BAKING AND STIR-FRYING Macadamia nut oil gives any dish a rich buttery flavor and is full of antioxidants(抗氧化剂)and monounsaturated fats. It can tolerate up to 230°C and will last up to three years if stored in a dry, cool place.‎ FOR LIGHT COOKING, SAUCES, AND LOW-HEAT BAKING Sesame(芝麻)oil is often described as the queen of oils and is widely used as a cooking oil in India and a flavor enhancer in Chinese and Southeast Asian cuisine. Unlike some cooking oils, sesame oil is delicate and will spoil after only a few months. Always store in the refrigerator. ‎ FOR COLD SALAD DRESSINGS, DIPS AND MARINADES Extra virgin olive oil is one of the world healthiest foods and loaded with flavor, which will vary depending on where the olives are grown. If stored in a dark bottle away from light and heat, extra virgin olive oil can last up to 12 months. ‎ ‎1.What is the best title of the passage?‎ A.Which oil is your choice?‎ B.How to buy oil?‎ C.How to cook?‎ D.Which cooking technique is the best?‎ ‎2.According to the passage, which two require the same storing condition?‎ A.Almond oil and macadamia nut oil.‎ B.Macadamia nut oil and sesame oil.‎ C.Sesame oil and extra virgin olive oil.‎ D.Extra virgin olive oil and almond oil.‎ ‎3.Which is the best match according to the passage?‎ A.GRILLING, BROWNING, AND DEEP-FRYING—macadamia nut oil B.BAKING AND STIR-FRYING—sesame oil C.LIGHT COOKING, SAUCES, AND LOW-HEAT BAKING—almond oil D.COLD SALAD DRESSINGS, DIPS AND MARINADES—extra virgin olive oil 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.D　‎ B组　2016—2018年模拟·提升题组 Passage 1(2018河南许昌一模,C)词数:277‎ Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.‎ Ethos is a speaker way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.‎ Pathos is a speaker way of connecting with an audience emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.‎ Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting the evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.‎ Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.‎ ‎　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of persuasion?‎ A.To advise somebody to support you.‎ B.To help someone have special skills.‎ C.To convince somebody to realize his aim.‎ D.To talk someone into being honest.‎ ‎2.What is a speaker way of convincing the audience to trust him?‎ A.Pathos. B.Ethos. C.Logos. D.Education.‎ ‎3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?‎ A.Both prevent themselves from being hurt.‎ B.Both save people from terrible wars.‎ C.Both make the audience support them.‎ D.Both persuade people to donate money.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.Convince the Audience B.Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C.Believe Me D.Strength of Persuasion 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.B　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.B　‎ Passage 2(2018山西康杰中学等五校期中,C)词数:267‎ Self-driving vehicles will rely on cameras, sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize and respond to road and traffic conditions, but sensing is most effective for objects and movement in the neighborhood of the vehicle. Not everything important in a car environment will be caught by the vehicle camera. Another vehicle approaching at high speed on a collision(碰撞) track might not be visible until it too late. This is why vehicle-to-vehicle communication is undergoing rapid development. Our research shows that cars will need to be able to chat and cooperate on the road, although the technical challenges are considerable.‎ Applications of vehicle-to-vehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row, to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles. Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passers-by and bicycles.‎ From as far as several hundred metres away, vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units (RSUs) about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through a 4G network. A high level of AI seems required for such vehicles, not only to self-drive from A to B, but also to react intelligently to messages received. Vehicles will need to plan, reason, strategize and adapt in the light of information received in real time and to carry out cooperative behaviors. For example, a group of autonomous vehicles might avoid a route together because of potential risks, or a vehicle could decide to drop someone off earlier due to messages received, anticipating traffic congestion ahead.‎ Further applications of vehicle-to-vehicle communication are still being researched, including how to perform cooperative behavior.‎ ‎1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A.The reasons for the accidents caused by self-driving vehicles. ‎ B.The research on applications for self-driving vehicles. ‎ C.The importance of artificial intelligence of self-driving vehicles. ‎ D.The reasons for developing communication between self-driving vehicles.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A.Alarm. B.Condemn. C.Ignore. D.Govern.‎ ‎3.What can we learn about roadside units (RSUs)?‎ A.They classify the vehicles on the road.‎ B.They can improve bad road conditions.‎ C.They take over the passing vehicles.‎ D.They serve as efficient information stations.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.When do vehicles communicate?‎ B.The reasons why a high level of AI is important C.Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is coming D.What do applications of vehicle-to-vehicle communication need? ‎ 答案 ‎1.D　‎ ‎2.A　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.C　‎ Passage 3(2017河北石家庄一模,C)词数:252‎ Few people are aware that Waterloo Bridge,crossed by thousands of daily commuters(上班族)and celebrated as a London landmark,was mainly built by a female workforce.‎ ‎ There are no written or photographic records of the women who built the bridge since the construction company that built it closed in the 1980s and with it went all the records. What left is anecdotal evidence,kept alive by the tourist boat captains who have called it the Ladies Bridge.‎ During the Second World War,with the majority of the active male labor force away at the front,women increasingly took on traditionally male roles. By 1944,25,000 women were working in the construction industry,carrying out back-breaking tasks. These women were permitted to carry out this exhausting and dangerous work on the basis that it would only be temporary and that their pay would be lower than that of men. So the trend in women working in construction and engineering did not continue after the war.‎ September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce. Musician Claudia Molitor has created a 45-minute musical entitled “the Singing Bridge”,which runs at Somerset House from 9 to 25 September. In late September,the “Light up the Ladies Bridge”event saw the National Theatre fly tower lit up by large-scale photographic projections(投影)of female construction workers working in construction during World War II.‎ Let all celebrate the women who have helped to build the cities in which we live.‎ ‎1.Why do few people know about the builders of Waterloo Bridge?‎ A.Female workers received little attention.‎ B.The records of their work have been lost.‎ C.The construction took place long ago.‎ D.Few people know about the bridge.‎ ‎2.Why did London women do the construction work?‎ A.It was a tradition in London.‎ B.They wanted to get a steady job.‎ C.The company offered them better pay. ‎ D.Most men had gone to the battlefield.‎ ‎3.What the fourth paragraph mainly about?‎ A.The influence of the bridge on art. ‎ B.A musician contribution to the bridge.‎ C.The events in honor of the bridge builders.‎ D.Women work during the Second World War.‎ ‎4.Which can be the best title for the text?‎ A.Female Workers on the Rise ‎ B.A Hidden Treasure in London C.A New London Landmark D.The Story behind the Ladies Bridge 答案 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.D　‎ ‎3.C　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 4(2017四川宜宾二次诊断,D)词数:295‎ Famous people have a lot of influences on cultural trends, like it or not. When Oprah goes on a 21-day vegan diet, it makes the headlines. When Amal Clooney wears a Stella McCartney dress, sales go way up. However, one trend that seems harmless—but is actually harmful—is the pressure on stars to have their photos taken with rare animals.‎ Famous people who are asked to have photos taken with wild animals for a magazine spread or who do so while on vacation always have good intentions and even love animals. This makes them easy targets for the often greedy amusement parks and fake animal centers. These business people love the thought of sharing pictures of a star hugging a baby tiger or a whale. Kind people are naturally drawn to places that claim to offer rare animals safety and are eager to see elephants paint, to hug baby bears or to swim with dolphins. However, being frequently exposed has shown that many of these business people are breeders, dealers or exhibitors that are using stars goodwill for their own ends.‎ In some Asian countries, elephants are kept in camps. A few camps are working to help elephants in trouble, but the vast majority are not, and training methods are barbaric. As soon as the cameras are gone after someone like Prince William takes a photo with an elephant, the chains go back on. ‎ Fans, tell the stars: Stay away from wild animal photos, and the animals will be grateful. Of course, you don have to be famous to make a difference. Whether right here at home or at an exotic locale abroad, every one of us must fight the desire to take a photo with an elephant or hug a baby tiger.‎ ‎1.Why are Oprah and Amal Clooney mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A.To introduce the topic of the passage.‎ B.To promote the cultural influence on stars.‎ C.To remind people how important the trend is.‎ D.To show famous people pressure from wild animals.　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.What can we learn from the passage?‎ A.The business people offer chances to stars to get close to animals.‎ B.Famous stars use photos with rare animals to make a difference.‎ C.Businessmen take advantage of stars goodwill to earn money.‎ D.The kind and rich people are easily attracted to visit wild animals.‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “barbaric” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A.Effective. B.Cruel. C.Scientific. D.Kind.‎ ‎4.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A.The number of elephants and tigers is increasing.‎ B.Keeping away from animal pictures can protect them.‎ C.People will be encouraged to take photos with animals.‎ D.The famous may have a negative influence on cultural trends.‎ 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.B　‎ ‎4.D　‎ Passage 5(2016河南八市重点高中二次质检,D)词数:320‎ Surprises often come in boxes—birthday presents wrapped in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see what inside. In America, and in many other countries, one special kind of box contains the future. It called a ballot(投票)box. What people put into the box on Election Day can change the course of history. ‎ Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means “the people rule”—an important concept in American history. In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom. They felt the government of England didn represent their interests. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government.‎ An effective democracy holds regular elections. In America, every four years, voters go to the polls to elect the nation president and vice-president. Voters also regularly cast their ballots for state and city government leaders and local school board members. Sometimes they also have to vote on a proposed law. ‎ In the American electoral system, people don really vote for presidential candidates. Instead, voters cast their ballots for “electors” who support each candidate. Each state has as many electors as the total number of its representatives in Congress. The candidate who has the most votes in a state wins all of the state electors. To win the presidential election, a candidate must gain at least 270 of the 538 total electoral votes. ‎ Over the years, the U.S. has made a number of election reforms. Some early reforms outlawed(宣布……不合法)cheating, giving bribes and threatening voters. In 1870, black people gained the right to vote, and in 1920, that right was extended to women. In recent decades, laws against unfair rules for voting have been passed. In 1971, the voting age was lowered to 18.Other reforms made voting easier for the blind, the disabled and people who couldn read. In some areas, ballots had to be printed in languages besides English. ‎ ‎1.What the main idea of the passage?‎ A.American elections.‎ B.American democracy.‎ C.American election reforms.‎ D.American electoral systems.‎ ‎2.Who don people in America vote for regularly?‎ A.The president.‎ B.City government leaders.‎ C.Middle school headmasters.‎ D.Local school board members.‎ ‎3.Why did American colonies want to be independent?‎ A.Because the government of England represented their interests.‎ B.Because the government of England didn want to govern them.‎ C.Because they shared no freedom and dependence but responsibility.‎ D.Because they wanted to have a voice in government.‎ ‎4.What can we learn about American elections?‎ A.All Americans can cast their ballots on Election Day.‎ B.Elections are regularly held in the United States.‎ C.A presidential candidate must gain less than half the votes.‎ D.In 1870, American women gained the right to vote.‎ 答案 ‎1.A　‎ ‎2.C　‎ ‎3.D　‎ ‎4.B　‎