专题03+冠词（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题03+冠词（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 冠词离不开名词，掌握冠词首先要弄清名词的性质，即可数还是不可数；其次要掌握冠词的基本用法，即什么情况下用不定冠词，什么情况下用定冠词，什么情况下不用冠词。另外还考查冠词在固定词组中的运用。‎ 考点一 不定冠词 不定冠词有a和an。当不定冠词后面的那个词以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用a，以元音音素开头时，用an。不定冠词多表示泛指。‎ 1. 泛指某人/物。这个用法是不定冠词考查的重点。‎ ‎1. Life is like _____ ocean: Only _____ strong-willed can reach the other shore. （2014天津）‎ A. an; the B. the; a C. the; / D. /; a ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】第一个空表泛指，应用不定冠词，ocean以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故选A。‎ 2. They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader. ‎ ‎（2014江西）‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎2. 指同类人或物中的任何一个，相当于any。‎ ‎1. It is generally accepted that ______ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ______ man. (2014全国)‎ ‎ A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; 不填 ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意：人们普遍认为，男孩子必须学会站起来，像男子汉一样去奋斗。用不定冠词泛指一类人。‎ ‎2. I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station. （2012 天津）‎ ‎ A. an; the B. /; the C. an; / D. the; a ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空特指那列早班火车，故用定冠词；第二个空泛指乘任何一辆去火车站的车，用不定冠词。‎ ‎3. 表示“每一”，相当于every/per。‎ ‎1. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into ______ night. ‎ ‎（2014浙江）‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎2. — It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ______ year. ‎ ‎ — Right, he will also get paid by ______ week. (2011江西)‎ ‎ A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空用不定冠词，相当于every；by the week意为“按周计算”，是固定用法。‎ ‎4. 表示“一个”，相当于one。‎ ‎1. Dr Peter Spence, ______ headmaster of the school, told us, “______ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” (2011四川)‎ A.不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】表示职务的名词前不用冠词；a fifth of pupils指“五分之一的学生”，这里的a相当于one。‎ ‎2. I ate __________ sandwich while I was waiting for __________ 20:08 train. （2011陕西）‎ ‎ A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空表示“一个”，用不定冠词，相当于one；20:08 train表示特指，应用定冠词the。10. 1. ‎ ‎5. 用于专有名词前表示“某一个……”，相当于a certain；或属于某人的物品。‎ ‎1. I can’t tell you way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have Wilson here in the village. (2014重庆)‎ ‎ A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】way后有to the Wilsons’修饰，表特指，第一个空用定冠词；第二高空表示“一个姓Wilson的人”，应用不定冠词。‎ ‎2. Experts think that ______ recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso. (2011浙江)‎ ‎ A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】painting前有限定词修饰，应用定冠词；人名前一般不用冠词，如果表示“一个名叫……的人”或“……人的物品”，则前面要用不定冠词。这里，a Picasso指“毕加索的一幅作品”。‎ ‎6. 用于序数词前表示“再一，又一”。‎ ‎1. He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump. (2012全国II)‎ ‎ A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填 ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. In order to find __________ better job, he decided to study __________ second foreign language. (2009四川)‎ A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the ‎【答案】B ‎ 【解析】句意：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。第一个空表泛指，用不定冠词；序数词前加不定冠词表示“另一，又一”，相当于another。‎ ‎7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一份，一种，一件”。‎ ‎1. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. (2012山东)‎ A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这里是不可数名词转化成可数名词。a drink表示“一杯饮料”，a comfort表示“一种安慰/舒服”。‎ ‎2. — How about __________ Christmas evening party?‎ ‎— I should say it was __________ success. （2011 福建）‎ ‎ A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /‎ ‎ 【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空填the，特指刚举行过的晚会；success表示“成功”时，是抽象名词，但表示“成功的人或事”时，则转化为可数名词，前要加不定冠词。‎ ‎8. 独一无二的名词前或地名前表示某种景象或该地一时之特色。‎ ‎1. We can never expect __________ bluer sky unless we create __________ less polluted world.(2011安徽)‎ ‎ A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 【解析】句意：如果我们不创造一个污染较小的世界，就永远不要期待有一片更蓝的天空。独一无二的事物前可用不定冠词表示一时的特色或特定阶段的情况。‎ ‎2. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ______ new Jiangsu. (2010 江苏)‎ A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; a D. the; the ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. 用于动词转化的名词前，表示一次动作。‎ My neighbor asked me to go for __________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________ energy. （2011 辽宁）‎ ‎ A. a; / B. the; the C. /; the D. a; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】go for a walk以及take / have a walk均为固定搭配，energy在此特指去散步的精力，故其前应加定冠词the。‎ ‎10. 用于一些固定搭配或固定短语中。这一点也是冠词常考的方面，考生应加强记忆。‎ ‎1. Let’s go to __________ cinema — that’ll take your mind off the problem for __________ while. (2011全国)‎ A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】go to the cinema是固定搭配，意为“去看电影”；for a while是固定短语，意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎2. How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call. （2010 四川）‎ A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】take a break意为“休息一会”；make a call意为“打个电话”，都是固定搭配。‎ 常用不定冠词的一些固定搭配有：‎ do a translation 翻译 have a good time 玩得痛快 have a try 尝试，努力 have a break/rest 休息 lend a hand 帮忙 make an appointment 约会 make an arrangement 安排 make a decision 做出决定 make a demand 提出要求 make a difference 有影响，起作用，与众不同 make a face 做鬼脸 make a discovery 发现 make a preparation 做准备 make a fire 生火 make an effort 努力 make an excuse 找借口 make a fortune 碰运气 make a mistake 犯错误 make a profit 获利 make a journey 旅行 make a living 谋生 make a gesture 打手势 make a request 提出要求 make a speech 做演讲 ‎ take a seat 就坐 take an exam 参加考试 take a photo 照相 take/give a glance at 对……粗略看一下 take a walk/rest/break/bath 散步/休息/洗澡 take an interest in 在……有兴趣 take a chance 冒险，投机 keep an eye on 时刻提防; 照看 play a rule/part in 在……中起作用/扮演角色 as a matter of fact 实际上 as a rule 通常，一般来说 as a result 结果 as a whole 总体上 at a time 一次 at a loss 困惑，不知所措 at a distance 在远处 for a while 一会 in a low voice 小声地 in a word 总之 in a way 有几分，在某种程度上 of a size 大小相同 of a sudden 突然，出乎意料 on a large scale 大规模地 a waste of 浪费……‎ an average of 平均 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. It is often said that __________ teachers have __________ very easy life. ‎ A. /; / B. /；a C. the; / D. the; a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】第一个空复数名词表示泛指，前不用冠词；have a …life意为“过……的生活”，是固定用法。‎ ‎2. It is __________ world of wonders, __________ world where anything can happen. ‎ A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这里的两个不定冠词都是泛指“一（个）”‎ ‎。句意为：这是一个充满了奇迹的世界，一个任何事情都有可能发生的世界。‎ ‎3. All the changes will lead to __________ stronger and more powerful China, __________ country that can surprise and enrich our planet.‎ A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. It’s not __________ good idea to drive for four hours without __________ break.‎ A. a; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】可数名词idea前加不定冠词表示泛指，意为“一（个）”；break作“休息”讲，习惯上要加不定冠词。‎ ‎5. — Hello, could I speak to Mr Smith?‎ ‎— Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t __________ Mr Smith here. ‎ A. / B. a C. the D. one ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】在人名前加不定冠词表示“某个……”，a Mr Smith意为“一位叫史密斯的先生”。‎ ‎6. Mrs Taylor has __________ 8-year-old daughter who has __________ gift for painting — she has won two national prizes. （2005 浙江）‎ A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】eight以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表示“一（个）”；have a gift for是固定搭配，意为“有……的天赋”。‎ ‎7. The Wilsons live in __________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is __________ 17th century cottage. ‎ A. the; / B. an; the C. /; the D. an; a ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】这里house和cottage都是可数名词，都用不定冠词泛指“某一”；因A-shaped以元音音素开头，所以用an。‎ ‎8. What I need is __________ book that contains __________ ABC of oil painting. ‎ ‎ A. a; / B. the; / C. the; an D. a; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. The biggest whale is __________ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long — the height of __________ 9-story building. ‎ ‎ A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】the blue whale特指“蓝鲸”这类动物；第二个空表泛指，a nine-story building意为“一座9层高的大楼”。 ‎ ‎10. Washing machines made by China have won __________worldwide attention and Haier has become __________popular name. ‎ ‎ A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】attention是抽象名词，前面不用冠词；name是可数名词，在此表泛指，故用不定冠词。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎