【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题四形容词和副词（12页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题四形容词和副词（12页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法复习专题四形容词和副词 形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，主要考查形容词、副词的基本用法和词性转换。此外，形容词、副词的比较等级和常见易混形容词、副词也是高考的常考点。形容词主要用来修饰名词，表示事物或人的性质或特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。‎ 形容词和副词的基本功能 ‎1．形容词可以充当定语用来修饰名词，还可以充当表语和状语。如：‎ All of a sudden，the goat rolled over，dead.(dead作状语)突然，那只山羊翻了个身，死了。‎ ‎2．副词可以充当状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子等。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎1．We all looked happily when we finished the work.‎ 解析：happily→happy　looked为系动词，后面应用形容词作表语。句意：完成工作时，我们所有人看起来都很高兴。‎ ‎2．I’m terrible sorry to bother you at this time.‎ 解析：terrible→terribly　分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词sorry。句意：这个时候打扰你我万分抱款。‎ ‎3．On the lefthand side of the classroom，I could easy see the football field.‎ 解析：easy→easily　修饰动词see应用副词。句意：在教室的左边我能轻易地看到足球场。‎ 词性转化 ‎1．形容词转化为副词的规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀ly clear→clearly，great→greatly，quick→quickly，slow→slowly，loud→loudly，sudden→suddenly 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加ly happy→happily，easy→easily，heavy→heavily，angry→angrily，lucky→luckily，noisy→noisily 词尾为le的形容词，去掉e，再加y terrible→terribly，possible→possibly，gentle→ gently，probable→probably，comfortable→ comfortably，responsible→responsibly 词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加ly true→truly 词尾为ll的形容词，直接加y full→fully，dull→dully 词尾为ic的形容词，加ally basic→basically，‎ scientific→scientifically ‎2.形容词的否定前缀 某些形容词前常加im，iril，un，in等转化为其反义词。如：polite→impolite，regular→irregular，legal→illegal，happy→unhappy，formal→informal等。‎ ‎3．名词转化为形容词 类别 例词 词尾加y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，sleep→sleepy 词尾加ed gift→gifted，talent→talented 词尾加ful/less meaning→meaningful，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，home→homeless，color→colorful，use→useless/useful，thank→thankful，peace→peaceful 词尾加able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable 词尾加ous 词尾的ce变为t danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous，confidence→confident，difference→different 词尾加al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional 词尾加ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely 词尾加en wood→wooden，wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎4．Whenever there are festivals or happy events，people of all ages will ________ (happy) join the dance.‎ 解析：happily ‎　空格后为动词，故此处应用副词修饰。句意：无论什么时候过节或发生高兴的事，各年龄段的人都会高兴地参加舞会。‎ ‎5．She looked at us rather strange.‎ 解析：strangely　此处应用副词修饰动词短语looked at。句意：她很奇怪地看着我。‎ 由分词转化而来的形容词 表示情感的及物动词，如excite，discourage，disappoint，encourage，inspire，interest，move，please，puzzle，surprise，worry等常加上后缀ing或ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词)，可用作表语、定语、状语或补语。现在分词表示“令人……”，而过去分词表示“感到……”。如：‎ In Aswan，there are plenty of interesting places to visit.‎ 阿斯旺有许多有趣的地方可供游览。‎ If I can find you any support，would you be interested?‎ 假如我能为你找到一些资助，你感兴趣吗？‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ 修饰人、人的声音或表情，常用过去分词说明“某人处于何种状态”。如：‎ He said to me in an excited voice that he had been admitted to Peking‎ ‎University.‎ 他激动地告诉我他被北京大学录取了。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎6．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint)．‎ 解析：disappointed　分析句子结构可知，空前的and连接并列成分，anxious为形容词，故空格处应填形容词。look disappointed是系表结构，表示“看起来失望”。disappointing意为“令人失望的”。‎ 形容词和副词比较等级 ‎1．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律 ‎(1)一般情况下，单音节词和少数以er，ow等结尾的双音节词的比较级是在其后面加er，最高级是在其后面加est。‎ ‎①单音节词。如：small→smaller→smallest，short→shorter→shortest，tall→taller→tallest，great→greater→greatest等。‎ ‎②双音节词。如：clever→cleverer (more clever)→cleverest (most clever)，narrow→narrower→narrowest等。‎ ‎(2)以e结尾的单音节词和部分双音节词的比较级是在其后加r，最高级是在其后加st ‎。如：large→larger→largest，nice→nicer→nicest，able(有才智的)→abler→ablest等。‎ ‎(3)以辅音字母结尾且前边只有一个元音字母的，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再在其后加er构成比较级，在其后加est构成最高级。如：big→bigger→biggest，hot→hotter→hottest，fat→fatter→fattest等。‎ ‎(4)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词先把y改为i，再在其后加er构成比较级，在其后加est构成最高级。如：easy→easier→easiest，heavy→heavier→heaviest，busy→busier→ busiest，happy→happier→happiest等。‎ ‎(5)其他双音节词和多音节词的比较级是在其前加more，最高级是在其前加most。如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful，difficult→more difficult→most difficult，easily→more easily→most easily等。‎ ‎(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：good/well→better→best，bad/ill→worse→worst，old→older/elder→oldest/eldest，many/much→more→most，little→less→least，far→further/farther→furthest/farthest等。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ ‎①形容词的最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不用。如：‎ He works hardest when doing something for his family.‎ 他为自己家做事时最卖力。‎ ‎②当副词most前面有a时，most不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”之意。如：‎ Tom is a most diligent pupil，but Kate is the most diligent of all in their class.‎ 在他们班里Tom是个很勤奋的学生，但Kate是最勤奋的。‎ ‎2．比较等级的常见修饰语 ‎(1)修饰原级常用fairly，quite，rather，so，very，too等。‎ ‎(2)修饰比较级常用much，even，far，rather，still，any，no，a bit，a little，a great deal，a lot等。‎ ‎(3)修饰最高级常用by far，almost或序数词等。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎7．The country is the world’s ________ (big) tobacco producer and has the most smokers.‎ 解析：biggest　句意：这个国家是世界上最大的烟草生产国，其吸烟者也最多。根据world’s和the most可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。‎ ‎8．It was raining more harder when I came back into the house.‎ 解析：more→much或去掉moremore不能修饰比较级，much可修饰比较级。句意：当我回到家的时候雨下得更大了。‎ ‎9．One smile speaks loud about your wish to make friends than any word.‎ 解析：loud→louder　句中有than，故loud应用比较级。句意：微笑比任何词语更能表达出你想交友的愿望。‎ 连接副词 常见的连接副词有：‎ ‎1．表转折：anyway/anyhow，however，nevertheless，otherwise，instead，yet等。‎ ‎2．表递进：besides，also，moreover，furthermore等。‎ ‎3．表结果：therefore，hence，thus，consequently等。‎ 如：It rained cats and dogs.Therefore，the football match was postponed.大雨倾盆，足球赛因此而延期了。‎ The house was out of our price range and too big anyway.Besides，I’d grown quite fond of our little rented house.‎ 反正这个房子超出了我们的预算范围，而且也太大了。再说，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小房子了。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎10．Anxiety and pressure do discourage me at times.Besides，with the encouragement of my teachers and classmates，I think I’ll make it.‎ 解析：Besides→However　两句之间为转折关系故用however。句意：焦虑和压力有时确实使我灰心丧气。然而，在老师和同学们的鼓舞下，我认为我能成功。‎ 易用错的形容词和副词 ‎1．以ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly等。‎ ‎2．仅作定语的形容词。如：little，many，live，only等。‎ ‎3．意义有别的同根副词。如：‎ close　靠近(通常指距离) ‎ closely 密切地，仔细地 late 迟，晚 lately 最近 hard 努力地，猛力地 hardly 几乎不 free 免费 freely 自由地，直率地，慷慨地 most 最，(程度上)最大，非常 mostly 一般地，主要地 ‎4．表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。‎ wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be widely known被广泛了解。‎ high 高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高。‎ deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎11．My neighbor，Mr.Wang，is a ________ (high) skilled worker.‎ 解析：highly　highly“高度地，非常”表示抽象意义。句意：我邻居王先生是个技术非常熟练的工人。‎ ‎12．Our English teacher is so humorous that she can make her classes interesting and ________ (live)．‎ 解析：lively　空格处与interesting并列，同为形容词，作make的宾语补足语。lively“生动的”。句意：我们英语老师如此幽默以至于她能让她的课生动有趣。‎ ‎13．His stories were most about his travels in foreign countries.‎ 解析：most→mostly　mostly“主要地”。句意：他的故事主要是关于他在国外的旅行。‎ ‎14．Though I am a student now，I will work hardly to make my dream come true.‎ 解析：hardly→hard　hard“努力地”，hardly“几乎不”。句意：尽管我现在是个学生，我也会努力学习来实现梦想。‎ 倍数表达法 ‎1．A...＋表示倍数的词＋bigger(或higher，longer，wider，etc.) than B The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.‎ 这本词典比那本恰好贵5倍。‎ ‎2．A... ＋表示倍数的词＋as big(或high，long，wide，etc.) as B This big stone is twice as heavy as that one.‎ 这块大石头的重量是那一块的两倍。‎ ‎3．A...＋表示倍数的词＋the size(或height，length，width，etc.) of B The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.‎ 地球的体积是月球的49倍。‎ ‎4．A... ＋表示倍数的词＋what从句 The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.‎ 这条路的长度是三年前的4倍。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎15．The output of this year is 4 times ________ it was in 2014.‎ 解析：what　此处考查句型“A...＋表示倍数的词＋what从句”，表示“A是……的……倍”。句意：今年的产量是2014年的4倍。‎ ‎16．The plane flew ten times as higher as the kite.‎ 解析：higher→high　此处考查句型“A...＋表示倍数的词＋as... as B”，表示“A是B的……倍”。as...as中间加形容词或副词的原级。句意：那架飞机的飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。‎ 针对形容词和副词的备考，考生应重点关注以下几点：‎ ‎1．加强对形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的学习，以及对相关句式的积累；‎ ‎2．加强对形容词和副词的构词法的学习；‎ ‎3．多积累高频形容词和副词，掌握其固定结构及句式；‎ ‎4．掌握形容词和副词的近义词和形近词的辨析；‎ ‎5．多总结形容词和副词的特殊用法，固定搭配等。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even ________ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ 解析：worse　考查固定搭配，even worse“更糟糕的是”。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1990.‎ 解析：successful　空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.‎ 解析：fairly　fair是形容词，需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词unpleasant，故填fairly。‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.‎ 解析：certainly　修饰形容词，应用副词形式。‎ ‎5．(2017·天津卷)—I want to see Mr. White.We have an appointment.‎ ‎—I’m sorry，but he is not ________ (avail) at the moment，for the meeting hasn’t ended.‎ 解析：available　句意：——我想见怀特先生。我们有预约(见面)。‎ ‎——对不起。但是，他目前没有空，因为会议还没有结束。available意为“有空的”。‎ ‎6．(2017·江苏卷)Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smartphones defeated ________ (convention) PCs in sales.‎ 解析：conventional　修饰后面的名词的应该是形容词形式，conventional传统的。‎ ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.‎ 解析：suddenly→sudden　修饰名词stop应用形容词sudden。‎ ‎8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.‎ 解析：late→latest　“最新的”，用latest。‎ ‎9．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.‎ 解析：late→later　a few minutes later“几分钟之后”，later常放在时间名词之后，表示多久以后。‎ ‎10．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.‎ 解析：去掉much　此处为so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构。形容词前一般不用much修饰，除非是一些以a开头的作表语的形容词(alike，afraid，awake等)，much一般用于修饰形容词的比较级。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018·江西省联考)Then I sat there with her，a ________ (pride) mother and wife who lost her entire family a few years ago.‎ 解析：proud　句意：然后我和她——一位几年前失去了全部家人的骄傲的母亲、妻子——坐在那里。设空处需用形容词作名词mother的定语，故填proud。‎ ‎2．(2018·九江一中月考)You can also see a lot of ________ (fantasy) shows at some of the hotels.‎ 解析：fantastic　句意：你还可以在一些宾馆里观看很多精彩节目。设空处前为a lot of，设空处后为名词，由此可推知设空处应为形容词，故填fantastic。‎ ‎3．(2018·河南部分重点中学联考)She ________ (selfless) covered her own coat around his shoulders.‎ 解析：selflessly　句意：她无私地将自己的大衣盖住了他的肩上。设空处作状语，故用副词形式，故填selflessly。‎ ‎4．(2018·九江一中月考)It is ________ (real) an exciting place.‎ 解析：really　句意：那真是令人兴奋的地方。设空处用副词作状语。‎ ‎5．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)He gave me one thing I had lost ________ (complete)：hope.‎ 解析：completely　句意：他给了我一件我完全失去的东西：希望。设空处需用副词作状语。‎ ‎6．(2018·荆门调研)She was very so popular in the school that many teachers also liked to interact with her.‎ 解析：去掉very　句意：她在学校如此受欢迎以至于许多老师也喜欢和她交流。本句使用“so...that...”句型，so前不必再加副词very，故将very删除。‎ ‎7．(2018·襄阳调研)Thanks for your last letter.I am pleasant to hear all your news.‎ 解析：pleasant→pleased　句意：谢谢你上次的来信。得知你的全部消息我很高兴。pleased感到高兴的；pleasant令人高兴的。‎ ‎8．(2018·赣中南五校模拟)I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.‎ 解析：meaningless→meaningful　句意：我知道作为一名优秀导游，我应该把你的旅行搞得有趣且有意义。meaningful有意义的。meaningless没有意义的。‎ ‎9．(2018·江西红色七校联考)We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place that looked suitably and settled down.‎ 解析：suitably→suitable　句意：我们来到山脚下，找到了一块看上去很合适的地方安顿了下来。look为系动词，后需加形容词作表语，故将suitably改为suitable。‎ ‎10．(2018·九江十校联考)About two years ago，I worked hard and entered a locally key school，which my parents were proud of.‎ 解析：locally→local　句意：大约两年前，我努力学习考进了一所当地的重点学校，我父母对此感到很骄傲。key school前需用形容词(local)作定语。‎ Ⅱ.语篇填空 用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空 A Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains __1__ much.It is not true.Through many studies，scientists show us that the __2__(much) you use your brain，the better it will be and the __3__ (clever) you will become.‎ Of course，if you want to keep your mind __4__(clearly) and active，you must take a proper rest and study __5__(proper)．To the teenagers，using their brains in the morning is __6__(well) for their health.‎ There are many ways to rest.One is a __7__(peace) rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest.Another is an __8__(act) rest.For example，take a walk __9__(outdoor) and do more exercise every day.To change the way of brains’ activities is also a good way to rest.‎ In everyday life，to eat some eggs，meat，fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brains.‎ Wish you a wise man and a __10__(happily) life.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文说明大脑越用越聪明及如何保护大脑。‎ ‎1．解析：too　too much 太多。副词too可用来修饰形容词或另外一个副词，意为：太。‎ ‎2．解析：more　根据本句中的the better it will be，可推知这里是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，故答案为more。‎ ‎3．解析：cleverer　根据上题解析可知本题答案为cleverer。‎ ‎4．解析：clear　根据后面的active及其语法功能(作宾语补足语)可知本题答案为clear。 ‎ ‎5．解析：properly　本空需要用副词作状语，故填properly。‎ ‎6．解析：good　“be good for”为固定短语，意为：对……有好处。‎ ‎7．解析：peaceful　由语境可知应填peace的形容词形式peaceful。‎ ‎8．解析：active　句意：另外一种为“忙碌的”休息。act的形容词形式为active。active(尤指体力上)忙碌的，活跃的。‎ ‎9．解析：outdoors　此处需用副词作take a walk的状语。outdoor为形容词，outdoors为副词。‎ ‎10．解析：happy　设空处后为名词，故设空处应用形容词作定语。‎ B Bob：Hi，Mary.I know that you had lived in China for __1__(near) twenty years before you came here.I’ve planned to visit China next year.Could you tell me the __2__ (good) time to go there?‎ Mary：The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months，the weather is __3__(particular) pleasant throughout the country，neither too __4__ nor too cold.‎ Bob：OK.You know I’m __5__ (interest) in tasting all kinds of food all over the world.How about the __6__food?‎ Mary：Well，Chinese food is delicious and __7__ (reasonable) priced.What is even __8__ (good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.‎ Bob：But how do I order the food？I know nothing about Chinese.‎ Mary：Language can be a problem in China，__9__(especial) for firsttime visitors.Therefore，it is a good idea to learn some__10__ (base) words and phrases before you get there.Moreover，you can carry an EnglishChinese pocket dictionary.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　 本文是鲍勃和玛丽就来中国旅游这一话题所展开的对话。‎ ‎1．解析：nearly　句意：我知道在你来这里之前你在中国待了近20年。nearly几乎，将近，差不多。‎ ‎2．解析：best　根据下句中的The most comfortable time及该空前的定冠词可知该空应该用形容词的最高级形式，故答案为best。‎ ‎3．解析：particularly　句意：在这些月份，整个国家的天气都特别宜人，既不是太冷也不是太热。particularly尤其，特别。‎ ‎4．解析：hot　根据设空处后的cold可推知该空应为形容词hot(热的)。‎ ‎5．解析：interested　be interested in 对……感兴趣。‎ ‎6．解析：Chinese　由下一句中的Chinese food可知。‎ ‎7．解析：reasonably　过去分词前需用副词作状语，故答案为reasonably。‎ ‎8．解析：better　由设空处前的副词even可知，设空处应为形容词的比较级形式(even用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级)，故答案为better。‎ ‎9．解析：especially　由设空处前的“在中国，语言可能会是一个问题”可知对于首次去那里的游客尤其困难，故填especially(尤其是)。‎ ‎10．解析：basic　basic words and phrases基本词汇和短语。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 Dear Linda，‎ How is everything going with you？I’ve returned to Shanghai，tiredly but happy.I can’t thank you enough for all the kindness you offered during my stay in New Zealand.‎ When I first got to there，I found hard to use English properly.It was you who always helped me with patience.Now I have made such a great progress that I can speak English more fluent.I even have a large vocabulary than before.I am not scared of English any more.‎ When I am homesick，you kept me company，chatting, playing games or showed me around the scenic spots.You made me felt as if I were one of your family members.There are so much wonderful memories fresh in my mind.‎ In addition，please remember me to your parents.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Yu Lei 答案：‎ Dear Linda，‎ How is everything going with you？I’ve returned to Shanghai， but happy.I can’t thank you enough for all the kindness you offered during my stay in New Zealand.‎ When I first got to there，I found hard to use English properly.It was you who always helped me with patience.Now I have made such a great progress that I can speak English more .I even have a vocabulary than before.I am not scared of English any more.‎ When I homesick，you kept me company，chatting, playing games or me around the scenic spots.You made me as if I were one of your family members.There are so wonderful memories fresh in my mind.‎ In addition，please remember me to your parents.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Yu Lei