【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二（19页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二（19页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二 ‎[一]‎ Food storing is common in members of the crow(乌鸦) family. A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour，which may have evolved(进化)specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours—something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally. But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.‎ In another experiment，the researchers taught crows to select a token(代币) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food. Again，the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour. This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning，which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour. For example，we know that chimpanzees select，transport and save appropriate tools for future needs.‎ These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage，or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions？Most critics would say the former，as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.‎ But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some recognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead，it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved. Then we might be able to see how crows’ ability to plan for the ‎ future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.‎ ‎1．What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．They can store food.‎ B．They can use tools to recover food.‎ C．They can store and recover tools.‎ D．They can select and store food.‎ ‎2．What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token?‎ A．Reject it casually. B．Exchange it for food.‎ C．Save it as their food. D．Build a nest with it.‎ ‎3．What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future?‎ A．They are controversial. B．They are disappointing.‎ C．They are contradictory. D．They are convincing.‎ ‎4．What can be inferred about recognitive abilities in animals?‎ A．They develop only with age.‎ B．It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.‎ C．No animals but crows benefit from them.‎ D．Planning for the future helps their evolution.‎ ‎1．C[细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知乌鸦可以存储和找出所用的工具。故选C。]‎ ‎2．B[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In another experiment，the researchers taught crows to select a token (代币) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.”可知训练乌鸦用代币来交换食物。故选B。]‎ ‎3．A[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate.”可知科学家们对动物可以为未来计划的研究是有争议的。故选A。]‎ ‎4．B[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知动物的认知能力是怎样进化的还不清楚。故选B。]‎ ‎[二]‎ Selfdriving vehicles will rely on cameras，sensors and artificial intelligence(AI) to recognize and respond to road and traffic conditions，but sensing is the most effective for objects and movement in the neighborhood of the vehicle.Not everything important in a car’s environment will be caught by the vehicle’s camera.Another vehicle approaching at high speed on a collision(碰撞)track might not be visible until it’s too late.This is why vehicletovehicle communication is undergoing rapid development.Our research shows that cars will need to be able to chat and cooperate on the road，although the technical challenges are considerable.‎ Applications for vehicletovehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row，to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles.Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passersby and bicycles.‎ From as far as several hundred metres away，vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units (RSUs) about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4G network.A high level of AI seems required for such vehicles，not only to selfdrive from A to B，but also to react intelligently to messages received.Vehicles will need to plan，reason，strategize and adapt in the light of information received in real time and to carry out cooperative behaviours.For example，a group of autonomous vehicles might avoid a route together because of potential risks，or a vehicle could decide to drop someone off earlier due to messages received，a foreseen crowding ahead.‎ Further applications of vehicletovehicle communication are still being researched，including how to perform cooperative behaviour.‎ ‎1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The reasons for the accidents by selfdriving vehicles.‎ B．The research about applications for selfdriving vehicles.‎ C．The importance of artificial intelligence of selfdriving vehicles.‎ D．The reasons for developing communication between selfdriving vehicles.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Alarm. B．Condemn. C．Ignore. D．Govern.‎ ‎3．What can we learn about roadside units (RSUs)?‎ A．They classify the vehicles on the road.‎ B．They can improve bad road conditions.‎ C．They take over the passing vehicles.‎ D．They serve as efficient information stations.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．When Do Vehicles Communicate?‎ B．The Reasons Why a High Level of AI Is Important C．Vehicletovehicle Communication Is Coming D．What Do Applications for Vehicletovehicle Communication Need?‎ ‎1．D[段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句可知第一段讲的是：发展自驾车车际通信的原因。故选D。]‎ ‎2．A[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“to avoid collisions or share notices about passersby and bicycles”避免碰撞或分享有关行人和车辆的通知可知，此处指车辆之间可以互相提醒。由此可知画线词的意思是“提醒，使……警觉”，故选A。]‎ ‎3．D[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“From as far as several hundred metres away，vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units(RSUs) about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4G network.”可知，它们充当有效的信息站。故选D。]‎ ‎4．C[标题归纳题。根据最后一段可知车际通信即将来临。故选C。]‎ ‎[三]‎ It may be common knowledge that what British people call “football” is known as “soccer” in the US，and “colour” in British ‎ English(BrE) goes without the “u” in American English(AmE)．But according to a chart made recently by website Grammar Check，these are far from being the only differences between the two countries’ use of English.The chart outlined 63 of the main contrasts between BrE and AmE，from the more wellknown “lift/elevator” and “autumn/fall” to the lesserknown “garden/yard” and “petrol/gasoline”．‎ Some of the vocabulary mismatches are so different that two people in a conversation may fail to understand each other.For example，the two countries have different names for certain food.“ Biscuits” and “sweets” in Britain are known as “cookies” and “candy” ，respectively，in the US.But while getting food names mixed up only causes confusion，some misunderstandings may lead to embarrassment if you’re not careful.If a British man in the US is asked to show up a party in “pants”，there’s a chance that he might get a lot of stares from other guests.“Pants” in the UK means underwear.“Trousers” are what you need to ask a British friend to wear if you don’t want them to cause a scene among your friends.‎ However，even if 63 is already a lot，there are still many differences that the chart failed to cover.If a US girl walks into a UK barber and says “I want to have my bangs fixed”，for example，it could take a while before the hairdresser realizes what she means is actually her “fringe”．‎ ‎1．By presenting the first paragraph，the author mainly tell us .‎ A．the chart is made by Grammar Check B．people are much more familiar with “lift/elevator”‎ C．BrE and AmE are different in spelling D．there are many differences between BrE and AmE ‎2．If a British man is asked to join in a party in “pants”，he might .‎ A．get into an embarrassment B．be attractive among his friends C．be puzzled at others’ dresses D．ask for a pair of trousers instead ‎3．Why is the example in the barber mentioned?‎ A．To confirm some examples are unknown.‎ B．To support the author’s opinion on the topic.‎ C．To indicate the British are slow in understanding.‎ D．To show the hairdresser isn’t familiar with “bangs”．‎ ‎1．D[推理判断题。第一段先以“football”，“soccer”和“colour”为例，说明英美英语词汇的不同；随后作者指出，根据网站Grammar Check所列图表可知英美英语差异不仅限于此；再从下文不同角度的例子可以推断，作者在第一段中主要向读者传递的是：英美英语差异很大。故选D。]‎ ‎2．A[细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句可知，英式英语里“pants”是“underwear”的意思。如果某英国人穿着“underwear”参加聚会，可能就会引人注目、并陷入难堪的局面。故选A。]‎ ‎3．B[推理判断题。上文列举了英美英语差异的几个例子，然后在最后一段第一句指出上述图表未能涵盖许多其他的不同之处，其后事例用于强化“区别之大”这一观点。故选B。]‎ ‎[四]‎ Greece’s finance minister says his country’s financial situation is “terribly urgent” and the crisis could come to a head in a couple of weeks.Yanis Varoufakis gave the warning after eurozone finance ministers met in Brussels to discuss the final 7.2bn tranche(援助资金) of Greece’s 240bn EU/IMF bailout(紧急援助)．‎ Ministers said Greece had made “progress” but more work was needed.‎ The Greek government is struggling to meet its payment obligations(责任)．Earlier，Greece began the transfer of 750m (￡ 544m，834m) in debt interest to the International Monetary Fund—a day ahead of a payment deadline.‎ ‎“The liquidity(资产流动性) issue is a terribly urgent issue.It’s common knowledge，let’s not beat around the bush，” Mr Varoufakis told reporters in Brussels.“From the perspective of timing，we are talking about the next couple of weeks.”‎ Greece has until the end of June to reach a reform deal with its international creditors.Its finances are running so low that it has had to ask public bodies for help.The crisis has raised the prospect that Greece might default(违约) on its debts and leave the euro.‎ In a statement，the eurozone finance ministers said they welcomed “the progress that has been achieved so far in the negotiations，” but added，“We acknowledged that more time and effort are needed to bridge the gaps on the remaining open issues.” Eurogroup chairman Jeroen Dijsselbloem said there had to be a full deal on the bailout(紧急财务援助) before Greece received any further payments.“There are time constraints(限制，约束) and liquidity constraints and hopefully we will reach an agreement before time runs out and before money runs out.” he said.‎ There had been fears that Greece would default on its IMF debt repayment due on Tuesday.However，a Greek finance ministry official was quoted as saying that the order for repayment had been executed(实施) on Monday.Almost 1bn has been handed over to the IMF in interest payments since the start of May.‎ It is unclear how the government came up with the funds，but the mayor of Greece’s second city Thessaloniki revealed last week that he had handed over cash reserves in response to an appeal for money.‎ ‎32．What is Yanis Varoufakis?‎ A．He is Greece’s finance minister.‎ B．He is an expert in the eurozone.‎ C．An official of the International Monetary Fund.‎ D．He is Eurogroup chairman.‎ ‎33．Which of the following could be the worst result if Greece defaulted ‎ on its debts?‎ A．The International Monetary Fund would cancel the debt of Greece.‎ B．The EU would help Greece rebuild its financial system.‎ C．Greece might have to leave the eurozone.‎ D．The eurozone would accept Greece.‎ ‎34．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A．The EU Get Challenged B．The International Monetary Fund Reform C．The EU Face Economic Crisis D．Greece Two Weeks from Cash Crisis ‎35．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?‎ A．People fear that the International Monetary Fund can’t pay Greece for debt repayment.‎ B．Greece succeeded in paying interest payments to the IMF.‎ C．It is unclear how the government came up with the funds.‎ D．The mayor of Greece’s third city handed over cash reserves in response to an appeal for money.‎ ‎32．A[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Greece’s finance minister says his country’s financial situation is ‘terribly urgent’ and the crisis could come to a head in a couple of weeks.Yanis Varoufakis gave the warning...”可推知，Yanis Varoufakis是希腊的财政部长。故选A。]‎ ‎33．C[细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“The crisis has raised the prospect that Greece might default(违约) on its debts and leave the euro.”可知，希腊可能不得不离开欧元区。故选C。]‎ ‎34．D[标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Greece’s finance minister says his country’s financial situation is ‘terribly urgent’ and the crisis could come to a head in a couple of weeks.”以及全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述希腊在两周内可能会发生的现金危机。故D项符合题意。]‎ ‎35．B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，援引一位希腊财政部官员的话：偿还的命令在星期一已经下达。自从五月初以来，大约十亿欧元已被移交给IMF用于利息支付。再由最后一段可知，希腊第二大城市塞萨洛尼基的市长透露上周他已交出了现金储备。因此可推知，希腊成功向国际货币基金组织支付利息。故选B。]‎ ‎[五]‎ ‎ In 1961, a group of scientists set up a permanent camp on Possession Island, a bit of land located in the Crozet Archipelago, about halfway between Madagascar and Antarctica in the Indian Ocean. Their goal was a long-term study of king penguins, and scientists have continued that study for more than 50 years, sometimes accompanied by a small number of tourists. The penguins appear to be habituated to the presence of humans, but a new study in BMC Ecology finds that even this limited human contact may be negatively affecting them.‎ ‎ A team of researchers from France and Switzerland compared 15 king penguins from the areas regularly disturbed by scientists and tourists with 18 birds that bred in an undisturbed area, recording the penguins' heart rates in response to three potential human stressors—loud noise, approaches by humans and capture.‎ ‎ With both loud noise and human approach, the penguins from the disturbed area were far less stressed than their companions from the undisturbed area. All the birds, however, found capture to be a stressful experience. It's possible that these penguins have grown used to the presence of humans in their breeding area. Over time, the population would evolve to handle this disturbance(干扰) better and better. That may seem like a good thing, the scientists say.‎ ‎ This is hardly the first time that researchers have found that their methods have had unexpected consequences for the animals they study. A central question for experts is the extent to which human's disturbances (such as tourism) might impact wildlife and affect the systems under study.‎ ‎ One of the major mistakes of such research is in forgetting that, from the idea of the wildlife studied, tourism and scientific research are not two worlds apart.‎ ‎20. Why did scientists set up a permanent camp on Possession Island?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Because they want to attract more tourists.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Because they want to study king penguins.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Because they want to raise more penguins.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Because they want to link Madagascar with Antarctica.‎ ‎21. According to the passage, penguins seldom get pressure from  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ approaches by humans B.‎ ‎ loud noise ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ scientists' capture D.‎ ‎ other penguins' company ‎22. The underlined word "evolve" in Paragraph 3 means  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Develop gradually B.‎ ‎ Disobey gradually ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Discount gradually D.‎ ‎ Display gradually ‎23. It can be inferred that tourism  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ has little effect on penguins' life ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ has no effect on penguins' life ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ was ignored by scientists before ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ has always been valued by scientists.‎ ‎24. What's the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ King Penguins Inspire the Development of Tourism ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ King Penguins Develop Well with Humans' Disturbances ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ King Penguins Live a Happy Life in Antarctica ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ King Penguins Stressed out by Scientists and Tourists 答案20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. D ‎ ‎[六]‎ At first glance, blowing a bubble net to trap sardines is not the smartest move a dolphin can make. Bubbles reflect sonar(声纳) signals better than ‎ sardines do, making the fish invisible and giving them a chance to escape. But mathematical tricks can get around this, and dolphins may naturally use them to locate the fishy signal amid the bubbles.‎ ‎ Timothy Leighton at the University of Southampton, UK, and his colleagues produced dolphin-like sonar clicks in a tank containing a "fish"—a small steel ball-hiding in a bubble cloud. Dolphins vary the amplitude(振幅) of their clicks, Leighton says, so he gave every second click a weaker amplitude than the first. Imitating what might go on in the dolphin brain, he then increased the echo from the weaker click to bring it up to the same level as the stronger click.‎ ‎ This made the two echoes from the steel ball identical. But because even a weak sonar click bounces strongly off bubbles, increasing the weaker echo made the bubble signal stand out even more than it did in the stronger click. Leighton used that fact to distinguish the steel ball from the bubbles. ‎ ‎ Human sonar operators could apply the trick to detect weak signals from sea mines in shallow waters full of waves. Sonar systems are designed to find submarines(潜水艇) in deep, bubble-free water and are less effective in the shallows. "Developing sonar that can see sea mines in these conditions is important." says Leighton.‎ ‎16. The underlined word "them" refers to  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ sardines B.‎ ‎ sonar signals ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ mathematical tricks D.‎ ‎ blown bubbles ‎17. Where did Timothy Leighton imitate the work of the dolphin brain?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ In a tank containing a true fish.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ In a tank containing a steel ball.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ In the ocean containing bubbles.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ In the ocean containing fishes.‎ ‎18. Why did Leighton increase the weaker echo?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Because he could make the two echoes from the steel ball the same.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Because he could make the bubble signal disappear gradually.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Because he could know if the dolphin recognized the difference.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Because he could recognize the bubbles from the steel ball.‎ ‎19. According to Leighton, it is very important to improve  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ sonar of seeing sea mines B.‎ ‎ sonar of seeing submarines ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ sonar of seeing dolphins D.‎ ‎ sonar of seeing bubbles ‎ 答案 ‎16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A ‎[七]‎ ‎ Normal human eyes contain three kinds of color-detecting cells called cones(视锥), and by comparing the way these cones are each stimulated by incoming light, our brains distinguish red wavelengths from green and blue wavelengths from yellow. Dogs' eyes, like those of most other mammals, contain just two kinds of cones. These enable their brains to distinguish blue from yellow, but not red from green.‎ ‎ According to Jay Neitz, a color vision scientist at the University of Washington who conducted many of the modern experiments on color perception in dogs, our pets' eyes are structured in a similar way to those of red-green color-blind people, whose eyes also lack the third kind of cone normally present in humans. We can get an idea of what dogs see, Neitz said, if we assume their brains interpret signals from their cone cells much like the brains of color-blind people.‎ ‎ To see blue and yellow, dogs and humans alike rely on neurons inside the eye's retina(视网膜). These neurons are excited in response to yellow light detected in the cone cells (which are also inside the retina), but the neurons' activity gets suppressed when blue light hits the cones. A ‎ dog's brain interprets the excitation or suppression of these neurons as the sensation(感觉) of yellow or blue, respectively.‎ ‎ However, in dogs and color-blind individuals, red light and green light both have a neutral effect on the neurons. With no signal to interpret these colors, the dogs' brains don't perceive any color. Where you see red or green, they see shades of gray. "A human would be missing the sensations of red and green," Neitz told Life's Little Mysteries. "But whether or not the dog's sensations are missing red and green, or if their brains assign colors differently, is unclear."‎ ‎ Furthermore, like color-blind people, dogs may use other cues to distinguish the color we call "red" from the color we call "green." "A lot of the time there are good cues to help them figure it out; for example, red objects tend to be darker than green objects," Neitz said. "So, if it's a dark apple, a red-green color-blind person would know that it's probably a red one, and if it's a lighter apple, it may be a Granny Smith."‎ ‎11. According to the passage, most mammals can recognize  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ red from blue B.‎ ‎ red from green ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ blue from yellow D.‎ ‎ yellow from green ‎12. A few persons cannot tell red from green because  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ they lack the first kind of cone ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ they lack the second kind of cone ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ they lack the third kind of cone ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ they lack all the three cones ‎13. The underlined word "suppressed" in Paragraph three means  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Brought up B.‎ ‎ Kept down C.‎ ‎ Broken out D.‎ ‎ Taken away ‎14. According to Neitz, it is still uncertain whether or not  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ red and green lights have a neutral effect on dogs ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ red and green lights have a neutral effect on the color-blind ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ the dog's sensations are short of red and green ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ dogs' brains assign colors in the same way as common people ‎15. "A Granny Smith" at the end of the article refers to a  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ common woman B.‎ ‎ color-blind woman ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ red apple D.‎ ‎ green apple 答案 ‎11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D ‎ ‎[八]‎ ‎ Make some noise on May 7 for Music Monday. People in the U.S. and Canada will be celebrating the day by singing and playing musical instruments together. Music Monday is the first day of National Wanna Play Music Week, which runs from May 7 to 13. The National Association of Music Merchants (NAMM) organizes the weeklong celebration every year. This marks the sixth year the organization is teaming up with Canada's Coalition for Music Education (CME), the group that started Music Monday.‎ ‎ The CME started Music Monday in 2005. It is held every year on the first Monday of May. It was created to help people realize the importance of music education programs in schools and in communities. The day also celebrates the benefits of playing music for people of all ages. ‎ ‎ NAMM researches the effects of music on children. They found that playing music has positive effects on thinking skills and on confidence. It also teaches self-discipline and helps kids bond with their peers. "Learning musical skills can also help in your studies of other subjects, such as math, reading and language." Lora Bodmer, who works at NAMM, told TFK.‎ ‎ Their studies show that music can also help people form friendships and connect with different groups. Nimmons says anyone can join in on the ‎ day, not just those who are musically gifted. "I think that we all have the music in us, and it's a matter of confidence," she said. "Sing with other people or beat drums, just enjoy the music."‎ ‎ Participants can turn on the radio to join the fun. Each year a song is assigned to Music Monday. This year the song is "Tomorrow is Coming," by Luke Doucet. Students who would like to share in the celebration should let their teacher or organization leader know. But NAMM also encourages people to pick up any instrument and play anytime on the day. It's about having fun and enjoying the benefits that come with it.‎ ‎19. It can be inferred that NAMM and CME belong to  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Canada B.‎ ‎ The US ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ both Canada and the US D.‎ ‎ Canada and the US differently ‎20. It can be inferred that Music Monday was started  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ a week before Mother's Day ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ by both NAMM and CME ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ just to add music lessons into schools ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ just to play music for communities ‎21. According to the third paragraph, music brings benefits to children in   aspects.‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ three B.‎ ‎ four C.‎ ‎ five D.‎ ‎ six ‎22. According to Nimmons, Music Monday participators should be  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ talents in music B.‎ ‎ students in schools ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ old citizens in communities D.‎ ‎ without limits ‎23. Students are unable to join in Music Monday  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ with radio turned on ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ without their teachers' permission ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ with any instrument ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ with their teachers' permission 答案：19. D 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. B ‎ ‎[九]‎ ‎ Summer breaks may have both positive and negative effects on children with disabilities. The following points are commonly mentioned by experts who favor the idea of allowing a child to have a "rest period" in between school years.‎ ‎ - Summer breaks help kids to avoid "school overload": Children with special needs sometimes benefit from being able to "recharge their batteries" over the summer so that they are relaxed and ready to begin the next grade in fall. The day-to-day work of a school day can be too much for some students, and a summer break offers some well-needed time off in many cases.‎ ‎ - Involved parents can help children with academics at home: If there is concern that a student will regress(退步) with certain skills, academic regression can be avoided if parents are diligent about helping their kids with summer reading and math in the home environment.Teachers can provide specific suggestions and activities for the parents to carry over throughout the summer on a less structured basis, as compared to the school setting.‎ ‎ - Social interaction can take place in relaxed environments: If a parent is aware that his or her child has social difficulties, the parent can make extra efforts to provide opportunities for a special needs child to interact with other children. This can be carried out through planed trips to the library, pool, bookstore or friends' houses.‎ ‎ Parents who are truly concerned about the effects of summer break on students with disabilities may also wish to explore the option of year-round school for their children. Year-round school is not available everywhere, but when it is offered, it can be a wonderful alternative. With a number of options available for summer programs, many children with ‎ disabilities are able to advance to the next grade level without experiencing a great deal of regression.‎ ‎15. What attitude does the author have towards summer breaks?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Negative.‎ B.‎ ‎ Positive.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Both negative and positive.‎ D.‎ ‎ Not mentioned in the passage.‎ ‎16. In what ways do experts think summer breaks can affect children with disabilities?‎ ‎① avoid "school overload" for the children with disabilities② recharge the batteries of the children with disabilities ‎③ involved parents can help the children with disabilities④ avoid academic regression for the children with disabilities ‎⑤ make up for what weakness the children with disabilities have ⑥ offer the children with disabilities chances to interact with other children ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ ①②③④‎ B.‎ ‎ ②③④⑤‎ C.‎ ‎ ③④⑤⑥‎ D.‎ ‎ ①④⑤⑥‎ ‎17. The following statements EXCEPT   are what the parents can do to make good use of summer breaks.‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Going to teachers for specific suggestions and activities.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Following the school setting to make up for their weakness.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Exploring the option of year-round school for their children.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Going to the library, pool, bookstore or friends' houses to interact with other children.‎ ‎18. What advantage can summer breaks bring to the children with disabilities by attending year-round school?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Avoiding behaving worse with certain skills.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Experiencing much regression.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Avoiding advancing to the next grade level.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Being a wonderful alternative.‎ ‎ 参考答案：15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A ‎[十]‎ Just two apples a day could help protect women against heart disease by cutting their cholesterol(胆固醇) levels, according to new research. Scientists found snacking on the fruit every day for a certain period diminished cholesterol by almost a quarter. The findings, by a team of researchers at Florida State University in the U.S, support the evidence that apples could be good for the heart.‎ ‎ But the latest study suggests they could benefit one of the highest-risk groups. Around 45 percent of British women will suffer from heart disease and it is the biggest single cause among the old women. Up to the menopause(更年期), women appear to have a natural ability to prevent themselves from heart disease and the rate of illness is only a third of that seen in men. Researchers wanted to see if eating the equal of two apples every day could have an important effect on heart disease risk. They found 160 women who had been through the menopause and got half to eat 75 grams a day of dried apple, which is equal to two medium-sized fresh apples. As a comparison, the other half were told to eat the same amount of prunes(梅干) to see if they had a similar effect.‎ ‎ The results showed that after three months total cholesterol levels in the apple-eating group had dropped by 9 percent and LDL cholesterol (低密度脂蛋白胆固醇) by 16 percent. After six months, levels were even lower, with total cholesterol down 13 per cent and LDL levels dropping by 24 per cent. There was no further decrease in the remaining six months of the experiment. Prunes lowered cholesterol levels slightly but not to the same degree as apples.‎ ‎ In a report on their findings the researchers said, "Eating about two medium-sized apples can lower cholesterol levels as early as three months." British people can eat nearly 500,000 tons of apples a year. In 2009, a Polish study showed two apples a day also reduced the risk of bowel(肠) cancer by half in adults. And research by scientists at St George' s ‎ Hospital Medical School in London shows lung function is improved in middle-aged men if they eat at least one apple every day.‎ ‎ 1. The underlined word "diminished" in the first paragraph probably means  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ produced B.‎ ‎ destroyed C.‎ ‎ reduced D.‎ ‎ increased ‎ 2. It can be inferred that after menopause women will be  ?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ as likely to have heart disease as men ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ more likely to have heart disease than men ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ more likely to suffer heart trouble than before ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ less likely to suffer heart trouble than before ‎ 3. How did the researchers carry out their research?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ By comparing two groups with different numbers of apples.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ By comparing two groups with different kinds of fruit.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ By comparing two groups with different number of prunes.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ By comparing two groups with different qualities of apples.‎ ‎ 4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ The bad effect of eating apples.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ The changes of cholesterol levels.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The good effect of eating prunes.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The benefits of eating different fruits.‎ ‎ 5. According to the passage, eating apples can benefit  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ people's heads, hearts and lungs ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ people's bowels, heads and lungs ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ people's bowels, hearts and livers ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ people's bowels, hearts and lungs 参考答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D ‎