【英语】内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末联考（A卷）（解析版）

【英语】内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末联考（A卷）（解析版）

内蒙古赤峰市2019-2020学年高二下学期 期末联考（A卷）‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1.本试卷分Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150分：考试时间：120分钟。‎ ‎2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎3.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。‎ 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：How much is the shirt？‎ A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.‎ 答案是C.‎ ‎1. Where does the conversation take place？‎ A. In a bookstore. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant.‎ ‎2. What’s the relationship between the speakers？‎ A. Colleagues. B. Parent and teacher. C. Daughter and father.‎ ‎3.What does the man mean？‎ A. He can’t go out tonight.‎ B. He won’t go to see Mike.‎ C. He won’t take the interview.‎ ‎4. When did the man finish his exam report？‎ A. At 9：00pm. B. At 9：10pm. C. At 9：30 pm.‎ ‎5. What can we know about the concert？‎ A. It will start ahead of time.‎ B. It will be continuous.‎ C. It will be a boring one.‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. What did the speakers most probably do？‎ A. They went shopping.‎ B. They had lunch together.‎ C. They attended a meeting.‎ ‎7. What will the woman do？‎ A. Take the architect to Mr. Lee’s office.‎ B. Go back to her office with Mr. Lee.‎ C. Send the man’s regards to Mr. McPhee.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. What is Miss Rose？‎ A. A newspaper journalist.‎ B. A school teacher.‎ C. A factory manager.‎ ‎9. Why did the man give up schooling？‎ A. He broke school rules.‎ B. He didn’t like studying.‎ C. He had to help his family.‎ ‎10. What does the man think of the working conditions？‎ A. Unpleasant. B. Dangerous. C. Acceptable.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. What was the man in the stone picture doing？‎ A. Moving strings with shells.‎ B. Making various kinds of guitars.‎ C. Playing something like a guitar.‎ ‎12. What did Antonio Torres do？‎ A. He made guitars out of wood.‎ B. He changed the size of guitars.‎ C. He produced guitars with 3 strings.‎ ‎13. What are the speakers mainly talking about？‎ A. The history of guitar.‎ B. The ways of playing the guitar.‎ C. The materials used for guitar.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。‎ ‎14. Where was the woman when the cat crossed the street？‎ A. In the neighborhood.‎ B. In the street.‎ C. In the kitchen.‎ ‎15. Why did the cat cross the street？‎ A. To catch up with Mary.‎ B. To meet another cat.‎ C. To get some food.‎ ‎16. How will the speakers go to the Animal Shelter？‎ A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By underground.‎ ‎17. How does the woman feel about adopting a new cat？‎ A. Enthusiastic. B. Guilty. C. Upset.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。‎ ‎18. What is a “gondola”?‎ A. A bridge. B. A boat. C. A building.‎ ‎19. How wide is each gate in the project？‎ A.3 meters. B.20 meters. C.30meters.‎ ‎20. What’s the speaker’s attitude towards the new flood prevention project？‎ A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Disapproving.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Essay Epic Fails: The Wright Brothers: Nose-Diving into History By Erik Slader and Ben Thompson. Ages 6 to 12.‎ The first book in the Epic Fails series deals with one of the most ambitious goals humans have pursued: the quests to fly. Authors Slader and Thompson focus on life-or-death scenes, such as when the Wright brothers crashed their glider over and over on the sandy coast of North Carolina; it took them two more years to get it right.‎ Epic Fails: The Race to Space: Countdown to Liftoff By Erik Slader and Ben Thompson. Ages 6 to 12‎ Today, everyone is familiar with Neil Armstrong’s famous words as he first set foot on the moon, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” He made it look easy, but America’s journey to the moon was anything but simple. Our first attempt was a failure. Still, we didn’t give up. We tried again. And again. And each time we failed, we failed a little bit better.‎ Fantastic Failures: True Stories of People Who Changed the World by Falling Down First By Luke Reynolds. Ages 6 to 12.‎ Teacher Luke Reynolds opens each chapter with a quick, impossibly perfect version of one person’s life and then says how that person actually had to face huge challenges to accomplish goals. In this book, Reynolds writes about various common men, women and children.‎ Cyrus Field’s Big dream：The Daring Effort to Lay the First Transatlantic Telegraph Cable By Mary Morton Cowan. Ages 6 to 12.‎ In 1853，it took at least a week to relay a message between the United States and Europe because people had to be transported on ships over the Atlantic Ocean. Cyrus Field tried to reduce that transmission（传送）time to just minutes by laying a long undersea cable. In this book，Cowan describes many failures Field suffered before he achieved this major breakthrough.‎ ‎1. Who are the four books intended for?‎ A. Children. B. Teenagers. C. Adults. D. Old people.‎ ‎2. What do we know about Fantastic Failures?‎ A. It was written by a famous actor. B. It tells stories of ordinary people.‎ C. It is about science fiction stories. D. It is a picture book by a teacher.‎ ‎3. What lesson can we learn from the four books?‎ A. All roads lead to Rome. B. Failure is the mother of success.‎ C. An early bird catches worms D. Actions speak louder than words.‎ ‎【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。从每一段的Ages 6 to 12.来看，年龄都是6到12岁，所以是孩子的年纪。由此判断出四本书是写给孩子的。故选A项。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下面的最后一句“In this book, Reynolds writes about various common men, women and children.”在这本书里，Reynolds写了关于不同的普通男人，女人和孩子的故事。所以《梦幻的失败》这本书讲述的是普通人的故事。故选B项。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据文中“Authors Slader and Thompson focus on life-or-death scenes, such as when the Wright brothers crashed their glider over and over on the sandy coast of North Carolina; it took them two more years to get it right.”莱特兄弟驾驶的滑翔机在一次又一次坠毁在北卡罗来纳州的沙滩上，他们花了2年多的时间才把事情弄清楚。第二个表格中“Our first attempt was a failure. Still, we didn’t give up. We tried again. And again.”我们第一次尝试失败了，我们仍然没有放弃，我们一次又一次尝试。第三个表格“person actually had to face huge challenges to accomplish goals.”为了实现目标，人们实际上不得不面对巨大的挑战。第四部分“Field suffered before he achieved this major breakthrough.”菲尔德在取得这一重大突破之前遭受了很多的罪，可知，文章介绍的四本书的内容都是有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事。由此判断我们能从中学到，失败乃成功之母，故选B项。‎ B Last weekend marked one of the nicest days so far this spring.‎ It was warm with a tiny breeze; the sun penetrated through lightweight sweaters to warm the ‎ skin; the male choir was warming up, and the graduates were walking around the lawn behind the throng of six-thousand-plus observers.‎ With all of the parents, sisters, brothers, grandparents, aunts and uncles, the state university was a center of activity. My nephew was going to receive his bachelor’s degree. Who would have guessed that four years would go by so quickly?‎ As the crowd of freshly elegant candidates wandered, joked, hugged and chattered behind the platform, I heard several cell phones ring. There were several nonsensical(无意义)conversations going on with the accompanying giggles of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention.‎ ‎“Yes, Grandma, I’m really graduating. I can’t believe it, either!I never thought I’d be here today, you know? Really!Like, I know it!Yes, it’s a very special day...Hold on, we’re lining up...Oh wow, they’ve got hundreds of balloons they’re going to release!Yes, Kelly’s here...Okay, I’ll give her your love…here we go!Gran, I’m graduating!…Love you too, Gran. I’m so glad you could be here with me!”‎ And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.‎ ‎4. The author went to the university to______.‎ A. enjoy the beautiful spring day B. see how the graduates act C. see a relative graduate D. receive a bachelor’s degree ‎5. Why was the author’s attention was caught?‎ A. Because the conversation was carried on the cell phone.‎ B. Because the young woman sounded different from other students.‎ C. Because several nonsensical conversations were going on.‎ D. Because a young woman was sharing a special moment with her gran.‎ ‎6. How did the author feel after he heard the conversation between the young woman and her grandmother?‎ A. Surprised. B. Annoyed. C. Puzzled. D. Moved.‎ ‎7. What’s the purpose of the author in writing the passage ?‎ A. To describe an exciting moment in life.‎ B. To explain the convenience technology brings us.‎ C. To advise us to use cell phones properly in public places.‎ D. To describe a common scene in life.‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段的My nephew was going to receive his bachelor’s degree.可知，我侄子要拿到学士学位了。由此可以推出，作者去这所大学的原因是因为他的侄子要毕业了，也就是去参加亲属的毕业典礼。故选C。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的There were several nonsensical（无意义）conversations going on with the accompanying giggles of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention.可知，有几次毫无意义的对话，伴随着不太成熟的学生的咯咯笑声，并不能引起我的注意，但有一次谈话特别引起了我的注意。根据倒数第二段可知，这一段是在描述一位女生和她奶奶通过电话分享毕业经历。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻。由此可以看出，作者的注意力被吸引的原因是一个女生正和她的奶奶分享这个特殊的时刻。故选D。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻。由此可以看出，作者和之前的看法有所不同，不再惊讶，不再恼火，所以对于这位女生和奶奶分享毕业经历是一种感动。故选D。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的And somehow, my initial surprise and annoy at the use of cell ‎ phones during such a serious occasion left me. These little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her devoted Gran to share a very special moment in time.可知，我最初对在如此严肃的场合使用手机感到惊讶和恼火的情绪已经不在了。这些现代科技的小代表们加入了一位女生和她挚爱的奶奶去分享一个非常特殊的时刻，这令作者改变看法，很感动。由此可以推出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是描述生活中令人激动的时刻。故选A。‎ C Sometimes fishing ships disappear: Captains turn off the radios that broadcast their locations, leaving regulators wondering whether the ships are fishing illegally. Now, researchers have shown that albatrosses(信天翁)bearing small detectors can find these doubtful ships, even in the middle of the open ocean. After a 6-month study with the large seabirds, the researchers say that more than one-third of ships in the southern Indian Ocean are fishing illegally.‎ ‎“These are animal police,” says Boris Worm of Dalhousie University. “You’re empowering animals to survey their own environment,”Worm says. “That’s pretty cool.” The method could also help albatrosses themselves, which can be killed when they get caught or accidentally eat fishing hooks. The researchers will be there on time.‎ Illegal fishing is a major concern for environment biologists, especially in remote areas. Over the past decade, scientists have studied the problem with data from automatic identification systems (AISs) on ships, which send their identity, location, speed, and direction to satellites. But AlSs can be turned off. Researchers suspect that fishing ships turn off AISs when they are fishing illegally or want to prevent competitors from knowing where they are getting a good catch.‎ Albatrosses make good spies. The birds, which live on fish, can spot a fishing ship from as far away as 30 kilometers. Some species fly hundreds or thousands of kilometers while hunting. Between December 2018 and June 2019, the birds met 353 ships. Those locations were sent to the lab in less than 2 hours. If they did not match the locations of ships with an active AIS, the team knew the ships had switched it off. In international waters, 37% of detected ships had their AlS switched off and fished illegally.‎ Although the albatrosses can detect ships, they cannot track them over longer distances, one scientist says. He says, “What you need to do is to look for patterns to take pictures as evidence.” More albatrosses will be arranged in March and April around the Prince Edward Islands in the southern Indian Ocean to reveal the illegal fishing.‎ ‎8. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?‎ A. Fishing ships disappear sometimes.‎ B. Illegal fishing is very serious in the open ocean.‎ C. Some seabirds are used to monitor the illegal fishing.‎ D. One-third of ships in the southern Indian Ocean are fishing illegally.‎ ‎9. What benefit will the method do for the albatrosses?‎ A. They can get enough food.‎ B. They can get saved when in danger.‎ C. They can protect their own rights of fishing.‎ D. They can avoid being killed or eating fishing hooks.‎ ‎10. How do the seabirds offer help?‎ A. By sending locations of ships.‎ B. By turning off AISs of the ships.‎ C. By following the ships as far as possible.‎ D. By taking the pictures of ships fishing illegally.‎ ‎11. In which column of a newspaper can this text be read?‎ A. Education. B. Politics. C. Science. D. Health ‎【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C ‎【8题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。第一段开头介绍了渔船在进行非法捕鱼时，会关掉船上的自动识别系统，使渔船在监管下消失。根据Now, researchers have shown that albatrosses(信天翁)bearing small detectors can find these doubtful ships, even in the middle of the open ocean.可知带有小探测器的信天翁能够在广阔的海洋中找到这些可疑的船只。下文详细介绍了信天翁的工作过程和作用，所以第一段主要是介绍一些海鸟被用来监视非法捕鱼，引出下文内容。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段The method could also help albatrosses themselves, which can be killed when they get caught or accidentally eat fishing hooks.可知这种方法也可以帮助信天翁自己，当它们被抓住或不小心被钩住时，它们可能会被杀死。即这种方法可以帮助信天翁避免被杀死或被钩住致死，故选D。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后两段中的Those locations were sent to the lab in less than 2 hours. If they did not match the locations of ships with an active AIS, the team knew the ships had switched it off.和Although the albatrosses can detect ships, ……可知如果信天翁探测到渔船，渔船的位置会被很快传到实验室，通过位置对比就能判断渔船是否关闭了船上的自动识别系统，是否在非法捕鱼。所以信天翁是通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助的，故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章介绍的是带有小探测器的信天翁被用于通过发送船舶位置来提供帮助，判断渔船是否在非法捕鱼。此类文章不属于教育、政治和健康内容，而应该是出自报纸的科学版块，故选C。‎ D If the lady in the Mona Lisa painting could talk, she could tell us why she was smiling for the pose, isn’t it? But, of course, that is not possible because she is just a painting.‎ However, recently, Samsung Labs in Moscow demonstrated an Al program that could create a video of a person talking just from one single profile picture. The result? A talking Mona Lisa, thanks to a technology, known as deepfake!‎ The word “deepfake” is a combination of the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Deep learning refers to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to create images of human faces. The word was used first in 2017 when an anonymous person using the name “deepfake” began to post images of celebrities’ faces on other people’s bodies.‎ To start with, video recordings of a person are broken down into the smallest levels of detail that capture how their mouth and facial features move when they pronounce a sound like “oo” or “ah”. These, along with the 3-D model of the lower face, are then put together and the person can be made to say words he (or she) never did.‎ Deepfakes use a technology called generative adversarial networks (GAN). This system uses two separate artificial intelligence systems that are trained such that one generates the images and the other attempts to tell if they are fake. The machines continue to teach each other over and over again until one produces a video that the other cannot tell it is fake!‎ Fake news would easily go out of hand if people believed the fake videos as real and it could have political and social effect. There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able ‎ to tell that it is fake! It all just goes to show that seeing is not always believing.‎ ‎12. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?‎ A. By defining a concept. B. By introducing an app.‎ C. By testing a scientific method. D. By providing different examples.‎ ‎13. What can we infer about GAN from the passage?‎ A. It needs to be trained. B. It can learn all by itself.‎ C. It produces perfect pictures. D. It is used to identify fake images.‎ ‎14. What is implied in the last paragraph?‎ A. People can use deepfakes to become famous.‎ B. The public aren’t easily cheated by deepfakes.‎ C. All of us may become a victim of deepfakes.‎ D. Deepfakes make what you have done known to all.‎ ‎15. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Mona Lisa：a Talking Picture B. Fake Videos：Recording of a Person C. AI Program：Creating a Video D. Deepfakes：Believing or Not ‎【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段的The word “deepfake” is a combination of the words “deep learning” and “fake”. Deep learning refers to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to create images of human faces.可知，deepfake一词是“深度学习”和“假”的组合。深度学习是指使用机器学习和人工智能来创建人脸图像。有根据The word was used first in 2017可知，这是在讲此词源头。所以第三段是通过一个定义概念来发展的，从而再解释。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段的This system uses two separate artificial intelligence systems that are trained such that one generates the images and the other attempts to tell if they are fake.可知，这个系统使用两个独立的人工智能系统，经过训练，其中一个生成图像，另一个尝试判断图像是否是假的。由此可以推断出，GAN需要训练。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Fake news would easily go out of hand if people believed the fake videos as real and it could have political and social effect.可知，如果人们相信这些假视频是真的，并且可能产生政治和社会影响，假新闻很容易失控。又因There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake!可知，我们每个人都要小心自己在互联网上发布的内容。将来，你可能会看到自己的一张照片或视频，却可能无法分辨它是假的！由此可以看出，我们要小心在网络上发布的内容，否则可能会被利用，无法分辨真假，从而产生坏的影响。也就是我们都可能成为deepfakes的受害者。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的There is a lesson here for each of us to be careful about what we post on the Internet. In the future, you might see a picture or video of yourself and may not be able to tell that it is fake! It all just goes to show that seeing is not always believing.可知，这里有一个教训，我们每个人都要小心自己在互联网上发布的内容。将来，你可能会看到自己的一张照片或视频，却可能无法分辨它是假的！这一切都表明，眼见不一定可信。所以这也就是deepfakes该不该相信，故选D。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项.‎ Have you ever had someone tell you “If you eat before bed, you're going to get fat” ___16___ But is eating late at night, specifically after 8 p.m., really going to make you gain weight?‎ One theory is that your metabolism(新陈代谢)slows down when you're asleep. With a slower metabolism, fewer calories are being burned. Thus the calories you eat right before bed would not be bumped off as much as they would be while you're awake. Although the science seems pretty sound, recent studies have shown that metabolism changes very little while you are asleep. The heart is still beating, lungs are still working, and the brain is still very active. ___17___ So while we are asleep, we are still burning calories.‎ ‎___18___ Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are one of your body's main sources of energy. When they go unused, they are stored primarily as fat. However, the time of day that carbohydrates are consumed does not play a role as to how much of it is stored as fat.‎ Actually, weight gain is based on the amount of calories being consumed overall and the amount of calories used overall. ___19___ It has little to do with the time when you eat. So how come individuals have higher BMIs when they snack' at night? Although there is a relation between the two, it is simply a result of eating too many calories!‎ Snacks that individuals tend to eat during the night are usually high in sugar and calories, such as ice cream, candy, potato chips, and soft drinks. The time these snacks are consumed does not matter.___20___.‎ A. All of these actions take energy.‎ B. That is to say, you will not get fat if you eat before bed.‎ C. Anyone eating anytime after the morning will become fat.‎ D. Food consumed late at night will more likely be stored away.‎ E. Without ever questioning it, people quickly assume this to be true.‎ F. Simply speaking, if you eat more calories than you burn, you will gain weight.‎ G. There's another theory about eating specifically carbohydrates before bed.‎ ‎【答案】16. E 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. B ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据上文Have you ever had someone tell you, “If you eat before bed, you're going to get fat”（ 你有没有听过别人告诉你，“如果你睡前吃东西，你会发胖”）以及下文中But is eating late at night, specifically after 8 p.m., really going to make you gain weight?（但是深夜进食，特别是晚上8点以后，真的会让你发胖吗？）故E项（Without ever questioning it, people quickly assume this to be true）没有人质疑过，人们很快就会认为这是真的。E项中的it指代上文的睡前吃会发胖。故E项承上启下，符合题意。故选E。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文The heart is still beating, lungs are still working, and the brain is still very active.（心脏还在跳动，肺还在工作，大脑还很活跃）以及下文So while we are asleep, we are still burning calories.（所以当我们睡着的时候，我们仍然在燃烧卡路里。）故A项（All of these actions take energy.）所有这些行动都需要能量。A项中的these指代上文中的“The heart is still beating, lungs are still working, and the brain is still very active”，故A项承上启下，符合题意。故选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据第二段中第一种理论是One theory is that your metabolism(新陈代谢)slows down when you're asleep.当你睡着的时候，你的新陈代谢会减慢。此处讲的是第二种理论，即Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are one of your body's main sources of energy. When they go unused, they are stored primarily as fat. However, the time of day that carbohydrates are consumed does not play a role as to how much of it is stored as fat. 碳水化合物是你身体的主要能量来源之一。当它们闲置时，它们主要以脂肪的形式储存。然而，一天中碳水化合物被消耗的时间并不能决定有多少碳水化合物被储存为脂肪。故G项（There's another theory about eating specifically carbohydrates before bed）关于睡前吃碳水化合物还有另一种理论。符合题意。故选G。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据上文中Actually, weight gain is based on the amount of calories being consumed overall and the amount of calories used overall. 实际上，体重增加是基于摄入的卡路里总量和的卡路里总量。故F项（Simply speaking, if you eat more calories than you burn, you will gain weight）简单地说，如果你摄入的卡路里比你燃烧的多，你就会发胖。是对上文的简单解释。故F项符合题意。故选F。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文中Snacks that individuals tend to eat during the night are usually high in sugar and calories, such as ice cream, candy, potato chips, and soft drinks. The time these snacks are consumed does not matter. 人们在夜间吃的零食通常含糖量和卡路里都很高，比如冰淇淋、糖果、薯片和软饮料。这些零食的消费时间并不重要。故B项（That is to say, you will not get fat if you eat before bed.）也就是说，如果你睡前吃东西，你不会发胖。B项是对上文的总结，符合题意。故选B。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Ieoh Ming Pei, one of the best known architects of the 20th century, has died, aged 102. Born in China, Ieoh Ming Pei moved to the United States in 1935 to study____21____at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.‎ Pei’s____22____around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built with stone, steel and glass. One of his best-known and ‎ most____23____works was built 30 years ago. Pei created a new Louvre’s（卢浮宫）main____24____,which handled the enormous number of visitors entering the main Louvre building.‎ Pei first spent four months____25____the museum and French history. He then drew____26____for a big 21-meter-tal steel and glass pyramid, with three____27____pyramids nearby. It was a very futuristic style of work for the 12th building.‎ A French newspaper____28____Pei’s pyramids as“an annex（附属物）to Disneyland”. An environmental group said they should be____29____in a desert. Others_____30_____Pei of ruining one of landmarks. Pei said the Louvre was the most ____31____job of his career. He_____32_____that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not_____33_____from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were_____34_____on the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They_____35_____French history. The pyramids_____36_____in the spring of 1989.‎ Over the years that followed, the structure came to.be_____37_____by most, if not all, of its critics. Pei’s other famous_____38_____include the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the Dallas City Hall in Texas.‎ ‎_____39_____Pei officially retired in 1990, he continued to_____40_____projects including museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou.‎ ‎21. A. law B. architecture C. medicine D. art ‎22. A. stories B. footprints C. designs D. paintings ‎23. A. controversial B. valuable C. complex D. fantastic ‎24. A. base B. cover C. entrance D. decoration ‎25. A. studying B. enjoying C. visiting D. assessing ‎26. A. views B. plans C. reports D. ideas ‎27. A. stronger B. heavier C. taller D. smaller ‎28. A. attributed B. announced C. blamed D. praised ‎29. A. spotted B. planted C. recognized D. landed ‎30. A. reminded B. accused C. robbed D. informed ‎31. A. horrible B. boring C. ordinary D. difficult ‎32. A. argued B. suggested C. supposed D. demanded ‎33. A. take down B. take off C. take away D. take over ‎34. A. fixed B. based C. depended D. modeled ‎35. A. honored B. changed C. damaged D. hid ‎36. A. closed B. started C. broke D. opened ‎37. A. commented B. refused C. loved D. attacked ‎38. A. theories B. assignments C. buildings D. pictures ‎39. A. Therefore B. AS C. But D. Although ‎40. A. work out B. work over C. work off D. work on ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. D ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝聿铭出生于中国，1935年移居美国，在麻省理工学院和哈佛大学学习建筑学。A. law法律；B. architecture 建筑学；C. medicine医学；D. art 艺术。根据第一句one of the best known architects of the 20th century 可知，贝聿铭，20世纪最著名的建筑师之一，所以应该学习的是建筑学。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝聿铭在世界各地的设计包括博物馆、政府大楼、酒店、学校和其他用石头、钢和玻璃建造的建筑。A. stories故事；B. footprints脚印；足迹；C. designs设计；D. paintings绘画。根据第一段的第一句one of the best known architects of the 20th century 可知，贝聿铭是20世纪最著名的建筑师之一，所以是从事设计工作，此句也就是介绍他的设计作品。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最著名、最具争议的作品之一是30年前创作的。A. controversial有争议的；B. valuable有价值的；C. complex复杂的；D. fantastic奇妙的。根据第三段的A French newspaper blamed Pei’s pyramids as“an annex（附属物）to Disneyland”和 ruining one of landmarks. 可知，一家法国报纸指责贝聿铭的金字塔是“迪斯尼乐园的附属品”。另一些人认为破坏了其中一个地标性建筑。由此可以看出这项作品是受到批评的，因此具有争议的，故选A ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝聿铭新建了一个卢浮宫的主入口，接待了大量进入卢浮宫主建筑的游客。A. base底座；B. cover盖；C. entrance入口；D. decoration 装饰。因为是接待游客，所以入口与之呼应，故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝聿铭首先花了四个月的时间研究博物馆和法国历史。A. studying学习；研究；B. enjoying享受；C. visiting访问；D. assessing 评估。因为是修建罗浮宫，并且花了四个月的时间，所以只有研究博物馆和历史符合题意。故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他绘制了一个21米的塔尔钢铁玻璃金字塔的平面图。A. views 观点；B. plans；平面图；计划；C. reports；报告D. ideas想法。根据句意，为了建卢浮宫，他绘制的只有平面图符合题意，draw plans for…为……绘制平面图。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：他绘制了一个21米的塔尔钢铁玻璃金字塔的平面图，附近还有三个较小的金字塔。A. stronger更强壮的；B. heavier更重的；C. taller更高的；D. smaller 更小的。根据句意，他绘制的一个大的金字塔旁边的三个金字塔只有更小的符合题意，并且根据常识也可以判断出来。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家法国报纸指责贝聿铭的金字塔是“迪斯尼乐园的附属品”。A. attributed归因；B. announced宣布；C. blamed指责；D. praised表扬。根据“迪斯尼乐园的附属品”可知，这家报纸是反对贝聿铭的金字塔，所以指责符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个环保组织说他们应该在沙漠中得到认可。A. spotted认出；弄脏；B. planted种植；C. recognized认可；D. landed降落。be recognized in…意为被……认可。根据题意可知，这个环保组织是在讽刺贝聿铭设计卢浮宫，也就是说认为是属于沙漠的，也就是被沙漠所认可。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人指责贝聿铭毁坏了其中一座地标建筑。A. reminded提醒；B. accused 控告；C. robbed抢劫；D. informed ‎ 告知。根据句意，这是在反对贝聿铭的设计，所以指责符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝聿铭说，卢浮宫是他职业生涯中最困难的工作。A. horrible可怕的；B. boring无聊的；C. ordinary普通的；D. difficult困难的。根据这段话的前两句可知，卢浮宫受到了很多方的反对和讽刺，所以与困难相呼应，故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他争辩说，他曾想创造一个不会带走博物馆的传统部分的现代的空间。A. argued 争辩；B. suggested建议；C. supposed假设；D. demanded 要求。根据这段话的前两句可知，卢浮宫受到了很多方的反对和讽刺。又因他想创造一个现代的空间，可知，贝聿铭是支持自己想法的，所以这句话是在和反对方争辩，故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词组辨析。句意：他曾想创造一个不会带走博物馆的传统部分的现代的空间。A. take down记下；B. take off起飞；脱下；C. take away带走；D. take over 接管。根据下文的They honored French history. 可知，他们尊重历史，所以传统部分将不会被带走。故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：玻璃金字塔是基于法国景观设计师勒诺特的作品。A. fixed修正；B. based 基于；C. depended依靠；D. modeled模拟；塑造。根据句意，金字塔是根据法国景观设计师勒诺特的作品设计的，也就是以之为基础，be based on…，以……为基础。故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们尊重法国历史。 A. honored 尊重；B. changed改变；C. damaged 损坏；D. hid 隐藏。根据would not take from the traditional part of the museum.可知，不会带走传统部分，所以尊重历史符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：金字塔于1989年春天开放。A. closed关闭；B. started开始；C. broke 破坏；D. opened开放。根据下文的Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most.可知，在随后的几年里，这种结构受到了大多数批评者的喜爱。可以看出，批评者看法不一样了，所以金字塔于1989年开放之后批评者喜爱了它，所以开放符合题意，并且根据常识1989年金字塔开放，也可选出正确答案。故选D。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在随后的几年里，这种结构出现了未来它受到了大多数（如果不是全部）批评者的喜爱。A. commented评论；B. refused拒绝；C. loved喜爱；D. attacked攻击。根据第四段的“an annex（附属物）to Disneyland”和 ruining one of landmarks 可知，很多人是在批评金字塔，所以此处设空处形成对比，喜爱符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝聿铭的其他著名建筑包括……。A. theories理论；B. assignments作业；任务；C. buildings建筑；D. pictures 图片。根据后面的the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the Dallas City Hall in Texas.可知，这些都是建筑。并且贝聿铭是一个建筑师，所以建筑符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管贝聿铭在1990年正式退休，但他继续从事包括卢森堡、卡塔尔和他的祖籍苏州的博物馆在内的项目。A. Therefore因此；B. As由于；C. But但是；D. Although尽管。前半句说明他已经退休，而后半句说明他在继续工作，所以为转折关系。所以Although符合题意。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词词组辨析。句意：尽管贝聿铭在1990年正式退休，但他继续从事包括卢森堡、卡塔尔和他的祖籍苏州的博物馆在内的项目。A. work out解决；B. work over研究；检查；C.work off排除；售出；D. work on从事于；继续工作。前半句说明他已经退休，而后半句说明他在继续负责项目，为转折关系，也就是他退休后还在继续工作。所以从事符合题意。故选D。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A Summer in Shanghai Going to Shanghai for a summer is truly a remarkable experience. Way back____41____the summer started；I was thinking what I should do for the summer. It turned out that joining a summer program was a wise decision which brought me a____42____（mean）summer. As a junior____43____（major）in Electric Engineering, I chose to take a Thermodynamics course at a university in Shanghai in the summer of 2016. I had never been to Shanghai before ‎ and____44____seemed to me that it was worth a visit. As I could speak a little Mandarin，there would be no difficulty____45____（fit）into Shanghai’s life. Without much____46____（hesitate）, I chose Shanghai as a start of my adventurous journey. There could only be one word____47____（describe）my first impression of Shanghai: Impressive. When I first set foot in the Shanghai airport, I was impressed by how modernized it was. I took the magnetic train（磁悬浮列车）,____48____was so fast and speedy that I felt as if I was riding on a roller coaster. It was____49____（actual）430km per hour！As I approached the heart of Shanghai, I______50______（astonish）by all the high-rise buildings. The beautiful night view of the Bund（外滩）certainly took my breath away.‎ ‎【答案】41. to 42. meaningful 43. majoring 44. it 45. fitting 46. hesitation 47. describing 48. which 49. actually 50. was astonished ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：回到夏天开始的时候，我在想我该为这个夏天做些什么。way back to意为回到……，为固定搭配，故填to。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：参加暑期项目是一个明智的决定，给我带来了一个有意义的夏天。此句中summer为名词，所以前应该用形容词修饰，所以将mean转化为形容词形式meaningful，故填meaningful。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。句意：作为电气工程专业的大三学生。major与 junior为主动关系，所以应该用动名词形式。故填majoring。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：我以前从未去过上海，在我看来它值得一游。It seems to sb. that…意为看起来，为固定搭配，故填it。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查固定句型。句意：因为我会说一点普通话，所以很容易适应上海的生活。have (there be)no difficulty (in) doing sth.，意为……没有困难。故填fitting。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：我毫不犹豫地选择了上海作为我冒险之旅的开始。此处much为形容词，修饰不可数名词，所以后应该接名词，所以hesitate应该转化为名词形式。故填 hesitation。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。句意：只能用一个词来形容我对上海的第一印象。 one word与describe在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填 describing。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我乘坐了磁力列车（磁悬浮列车），它的速度非常快。此句the magnetic train为先行词，又因设空处有逗号，所以为非限制性定语从句，应用which引导，故填which。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：实际上是每小时430公里！设空处修饰整个句子，所以应该用副词，故将actual转化为副词形式，故填actually。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。句意：我被所有的高楼大厦惊呆了。I和astonish为被动关系，表示我被震惊。所以应该用被动语态，又因整篇文章为过去式，所以应该用过去时的被动，故填 was astonished。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ My mother and I were riding a bus in a Saturday morning near my school. I told her how much her English teacher Miss Smith loved me, saying that I was the teacher’s a favorite student. I didn’t know that Miss Smith’s mother is riding behind us. She heard everything. On Monday, Miss Smith kept me after class. To my shames, she told me that her mother had heard. I thought she would scold me for talk too proudly on the bus. So she didn’t. She said，“The important thing is that you work yourself，not for my approval. If you feel that doing well matter to you，you ‎ become your own fan.”‎ ‎【答案】51. in→on 52. her→my 53. a去掉 54. is→was 55. shames→shame 56. that→what 57. talk→talking 58. So→But 59. work后面加for 60. matter→matters ‎【解析】1.考查介词。表示具体某天的早上，下午和晚上要用介词。所以这里在周六的早晨用介词on a Saturday morning，故将in改成on。‎ ‎2.考查物主代词。句意：我告诉妈妈我的英语老师有多喜欢我。这里老师是我的英语老师，所以需要用第一人称my表示“我的”。故将her改成my。‎ ‎3.考查冠词。teacher’s favorite student 表示“老师最喜欢的学生”，当名词前面有名词所有格时，该单数名词不需要加冠词。故将a去掉。‎ ‎4.考查时态。事情发生在过去，这里主句是过去时，所以从句也用相应的过去时；结合语境可知，此处需用过去进行时态was riding，故将is改成was。‎ ‎5.考查固定搭配。to one’s shame表示“让某人羞愧的是”,这里是固定搭配，shame不需要加s，故将shames改成shame。‎ ‎6.考查宾语从句连接词。本句是宾语从句，从句意思是“她妈妈听到了什么”，从句缺少宾语，所以需要用what连接，故将that改成what。‎ ‎7.考查动名词。动词talk前面有介词for, 介词需要加动词的ing形式，故将talk改成talking。‎ ‎8.考查连词。前一句说“我认为她一段会指责我太骄傲了”，后一句说“她没有”，前后是转折关系，所以用but表示转折。故将So改成But。‎ ‎9.考查介词。句意：重要的是你为你自己努力而不是为了我的赞同努力。这里表示为了某人自己，介词for表示“为了”。故在work后面加for。‎ ‎10.考查主谓一致。本句话主语是doing well，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以这里谓语动词matter需要用三单形式。故将matter改成matters。‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom近日发来邮件询问你校上周举行的“环保周”活动情况，请你给他回复邮件。‎ 内容包括：‎ ‎1.活动内容；‎ ‎2.活动效果；‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.字数100字左右；‎ ‎2.开头结尾已给出，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 环保周Environmental Protection Week Dear Tom，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Ton,‎ Low-carbon life is becoming more and more popular around the world, so my school also asks us to have a low-carbon life. Last week is our Environmental Protection Week. Let me introduce something about it.‎ First, we go to school by bike or on foot instead of taking a car, which can help reduce carbon dioxide. Besides, we are encouraged to save paper. So we write on both sides of paper. In addition, our school stores use reusable shopping bags rather than plastic bags. All of these actions have a great effect on students. Now, more and more students are willing to protect environment through small actions in daily life.‎ I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】本篇表达属于应用文，要求考生描述学校的环保周活动 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时 要求：1. 活动内容 ‎2. 活动效果 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ Low-carbon life; instead of; be encouraged to; reusable; have a great effect; be willing to; ‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. Low-carbon life is becoming more and more popular around the world, so my school also asks us to have a low-carbon life.‎ ‎2. we go to school by bike or on foot instead of taking a car, ‎ ‎3. we are encouraged to save paper.‎ ‎4. our school stores use reusable shopping bags rather than plastic bags.‎ ‎5. All of these actions have a great effect on students. ‎ ‎6. Now, more and more students are willing to protect environment through small actions in daily life.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改