2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项指导课件（7）社会生活型阅读理解

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项指导课件（7）社会生活型阅读理解

　社会生活型阅读理解 　 社会生活型阅读理解 │ 专题导读 　　 社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象、生活经历、饮食与健康、休闲与娱乐、旅游、服装、住房等内容。这类文章同学们读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来也比较得心应手。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章属搭配类材料，所以，它的命题多数属于中低等难度的送分题，如事实细节题、计算题、识图题等。此类文章的命题多以事实细节题为主。 　专题导读 做题时，要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后快速在文章中寻找相关细节，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。 │ 专题导读 [湖北卷] 　　 When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days. 　　 It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the │ 真题典例 　真题典例 historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day. 　　 The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. │ 真题典例 　　 Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just lightrail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. 　　 On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my │ 真题典例 first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? 　　 I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me. │ 真题典例 　　 1．Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days? 　　 A．Having a car ride. 　　 B．Taking the train twice. 　　 C．Buying more than one toy. 　　 D．Touring the historic district. 　　 2．According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days? 　　 A．Building confidence in herself. 　　 B．Reducing her use of private cars. 　　 C．Developing her sense of direction. 　　 D．Giving her knowledge about vehicles. │ 真题典例 　　 3．The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “________”． 　　 A．displayed 　 　B．justified 　　 C．ignored 　　 　 D．ruined 　　 4．Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of? 　　 A．Airplane. 　　 B．Subway. 　　 C．Train. 　　 　 D．Car. │ 真题典例 【要点综述】此篇讲述了作者乘车的经历，折射出西方父母注意让孩子从小就接触和了解社会，从而培养孩子认识问题和解决问题的能力。 　　 1．B　信息理解题。由第二段第一句It goes like this：You can't take any means of transportation more than once.可知B项中twice不可以做，所以B项正确。 　　 2．A　推理判断题。由第三段中The good thing about Transportation Days is not only…She understood that depending on cars…above all, a failure of confidence…可知A为正确答案。 │ 真题典例 　　 3．D　词义猜测题。paralyze“使不能正常工作”，此处根据句意为“破坏，毁坏”。母亲帮“我”解开其中的奥秘，否则“我”当初的尝试会遭到破坏。由后面的几个问句即可得出其情景意义。其他选项不符合句意。 　　 4．A　信息理解题。由最后一段的on an airplane, …we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.可知A正确。 │ 真题典例 │ 新题预测 (一) 　　 Would the voice of Amanda Holden saying “your city had talent” encourage you to use a litter bin? Or may be former Monty Python star Michael Palin telling you no one had expected “the Spanish binquisition”？ 　　 Organizers of a plan persuading celebrities (名人)to lend their voices to “talking bins” believe it can make a real difference to keeping Britain tidy.They hope that by using humor, they will succeed where fines and warnings have failed in keeping streets and parks clean. 　新题预测 A similar experiment in Sweden found a talking bin received nearly three times as much rubbish as an ordinary one because people were attracted by its novelty value. 　　 Twentyfive specially adapted bins to be installed (安装)in the streets of London, and Liverpool next month will use a sound card to play a themed message when litter is placed inside.For example, one near the Royal Opera House will play a thank you message sung by Janis Kelly to the tune of Nessun Dorma. Bins installed in Liverpool will play Beatlesthemed messages.For others, Britain's Got Talent judge Holden is expected to record the message: “This is Amanda, and this city's got talent.” │ 新题预测 　　 The campaign, entitled Bin Thinking, is being organized by art group Sing London.If successful, talking bins could become a familiar feature on Britain's streets. 　　 Colette Hiller, director of Sing London, said: “The idea is to reward people in a small way for changing their behavior and raise awareness through a sense of fun.” │ 新题预测 　　 1．What is the plan persuading celebrities to lend their voices to “talking bins” aimed at? 　　 A．Attracting passersby attention on celebrities. 　　 B．Encouraging people to use a litter bin to keep Britain tidy. 　　 C．Making fun of those who won't keep the streets and parks clean. 　　 D．Thanking people for cleaning the litter bins through a sense of fun. │ 新题预测 　　 2．The following stars' voices are to be lent to “talking bins” EXCEPT ________. 　　 A．Amanda Holden's 　　 B．Michael Palin's 　　 C．Janis Kelly‘s 　　　　 D．Nessun Dorma's 　　 3．We can infer from the text that ________. 　　 A．children are most attracted by “talking bins” 　　 B．different messages will be played due to different streets 　　 C．Britain is the first city where the experiment on “talking bins” was made 　　 D．“talking bins” might take the place of ordinary litter bins in Britain │ 新题预测 　　 4．What would be the best title for the text? 　　 A．Lending your voice to “talking bins” 　　 B．Sing London art organization 　　 C．An entitled BinThinking campaign 　　 D．A new experiment on litter bins 　　 【要点综述】 英国的一些城市要使用“会说话的垃圾箱”以提高人们的环保意识，而且如果借用名人的声音效果会更显著。 　　 1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，名人把他们的声音借给“会说话的垃圾箱”是为了鼓励人们使用垃圾箱以确保英国的整洁。 │ 新题预测 　　 2．D　细节理解题。文章第一段及第四段中提及Michael Palin, Janis Kelly和Amanda Holden借出了他们的声音，只有D项不正确，故选D。 　　 3．D　推理判断题。根据第二段及倒数第二段内容可知，会说话的垃圾箱比普通的垃圾箱效果更好，因此在英国，会说话的垃圾箱有可能会替代普通的垃圾箱。 　　 4．A　主旨大意题。该文主要介绍会说话的垃圾箱以鼓励人们用它们，使城市有一个干净的环境。而为了达到更好的效果，这种会说话的垃圾都借用名人的声音，故A项为最佳标题。 │ 新题预测 (二) 　　 Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbors, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity boost(促进) seems to come from marriage or a supportive relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than married men. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or selfharm. │ 新题预测 　　 Even if you are in a difficult situation, marriage can more than make it up to you. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip_side,_however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their partners' death, and caring for a partner with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, marriage still helps. │ 新题预测 In a 30year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects. 　　 So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socioeconomic factors, healthservice provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune(免疫) system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner. │ 新题预测 　　 A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The complete social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected too.” 　　 1．William Farr's study and other studies show that ________. 　　 A．social life provides an effective cure for illness 　　 B．being sociable helps improve one's quality of life 　　 C．women benefit more than men from marriage 　　 D．marriage contributes a great deal to longevity │ 新题预测 　　 2．Linda Waite's studies support the idea that________. 　　 A．older men should quit smoking to stay healthy 　　 B．marriage can help make up for ill health 　　 C．the married are happier than the unmarried 　　 D．unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life 　　 3．It can be inferred from the context that “flip side” (Line 7，Para.2) refers to ________. 　　 A．the disadvantages of being married 　　 B．the emotional problems arising from marriage 　　 C．the responsibility of taking care of one's family 　　 D．the consequence of a broken marriage │ 新题预测 　　 4．What does Nicholas say about social networks? 　　 A．They have effects similar to those of a marriage. 　　 B．They help develop people's community spirit. 　　 C．They provide timely support for those in need. 　　 D．They help relieve people of their life's burdens. 　　 5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 　　 A．It's important that we develop a social network when young. 　　 B．To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. 　　 C．Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. 　　 D．We should share our social networks with each other. │ 新题预测 　　 【要点综述】 文章通过婚姻关系等一系列的社会关系说明，良好的社会网络关系会使人健康长寿。 　　 1．D　细节理解题。文章第一段提到“but the biggest longevity boost(促进) seems to come from marriage or a supportive relationship.”紧接着就说到“The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr，…”。句中的boost和选项D中的contributes有相近的意思，故选择D。 　　 2．B　细节理解题。Linda Waite举例子说到一个有心脏病的已婚男人可以比未婚但是健康的男人多活4年。因此，婚姻可以弥补身体不健康带来的不利因素，故选B。 │ 新题预测 　　 3．A　词义理解题。flip side的原意是唱片的另一面，在这里前面已经分析过婚姻的好处，这里指的就是婚姻的反面，故选A。 　　 4．A　综合理解题。由第二段最后一句…how all kinds of social networks have similar effects. 可知选择A。 　　 5．B　推理判断题。最后一段提到如果想生活得更长久达到100岁，就要发展自己合适的社交网络，故选B。 │ 新题预测 │ 备用习题 (一) 　　 If I were writing a history of my family, some of the darkest moments recorded would be those surrounding Christmas trees.One would certainly think otherwise; selecting and putting up our trees have always been filled with risk. For example, one afternoon dangerously close to Christmas Eve my_mother_bought_what_she_thought_to_be_a_bargain,_a glorious tree that was so full and tall that we could hardly get it into the house.Once we did, my father immediately realized that 　备用习题 we would have to hire a carpenter to build a stand for it. 　　 Another December, perhaps the very next one, we bought a tree earlier than we ever had before.We were happy with its shape and delighted that its size was manageable.We easily placed it in a stand, decorated it from top to bottom, and then selfsatisfiedly sat back by the fire in its soft light. 　　 Two or three days passed and the truth could not be hidden; we had bought a tree cut so long ago that its needles were coming off.There was nothing to do but undecorate it, take it down, and begin tree shopping again. │ 备用习题 　　 Our most recent Christmas tree offered still another difficult task.When we brought it home, once again it seemed larger than it was in the great outdoors.To complicate matters, we had bought a new stand, one whose nuts(螺帽)and bolts(闩子)worked more mysteriously than those of our old stands.I persuaded two young neighbors to stop playing basketball and to help us get the tree into the house and set it correctly in the stand.Unfortunately, no one noticed the mud on our helpers' shoes, so only after removing several reddish brown spots from the carpet were we able to discuss the question of where the lights and ornaments(装饰)were stored.Perhaps those who cut │ 备用习题 their own trees have tales more painful than these.I don't care to hear them, as my family's experiences are enough to cause me to make the following suggestion: “Let's forget the tree next Christmas.Let's simply hang some flowers on the front door and over the mirror in the hall.” │ 备用习题 　　 1．The darkest moments in the writer's family were with the fact that ________. 　　 A. the family bought big Christmas trees 　　 B. they had problems decorating their Christmas trees 　　 C. they had problems picking suitable Christmas trees 　　 D. they had problems finding carpenters for putting up Christmas trees │ 备用习题 　　 2．We can learn from the passage that the writer would like to ________. 　　 A. forget about Christmas stories 　　 B. get the neighbors to put up their trees 　　 C. buy a better tree to celebrate Christmas 　　 D. make other decorations rather than Christmas trees │ 备用习题 　　 3．When the writer said “my mother bought what she thought to be a bargain”， he means ________. 　　 A. she bought the tree at a cheap price 　　 B. she didn't really want to buy it 　　 C. she had to bargain hard with the salesman 　　 D. she couldn't afford a more expensive one 　 │ 备用习题 　　 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 　　 A. How to Choose a Christmas Tree 　　 B. No More Christmas Tree for Us 　　 C. Dark Moments of Life 　　 D. Christmas without Trees 　 　 【要点综述】 文章主要讲的是作者的家庭对每年买和装饰圣诞树的经历所产生的恐惧感。 　　 1．C　细节理解题。文章第一段结尾“ selecting and putting up our trees have always been filled with risk.”可知选择和竖起圣诞树是一件冒险的事情。 │ 备用习题 　　 2．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知。 　　 3．A　推理判断题。bargain 本身就是“便宜货”的意思，这句话是说妈妈觉得自己买的树很便宜。 　　 4．B　主旨大意题。文章开头说选择和竖起圣诞树是一件冒险的事情，同时文章的最后也说让我们在下个圣诞节无需买树，只要把鲜花挂门上即可。 │ 备用习题 (二) Quit while you're ahead 　　 I am one of those people who are terrible at saying no.I take on too many projects at once, and spend too much of my time doing things I'd rather not be doing.I get work done, but it's not always the best I can do, or the best way I could spend my time. 　　 That's why my newest goal, both as a professional and a person, is to be a quitter. │ 备用习题 　　 Being a quitter isn't being someone who gives up, who doesn't see important things through to the end.I aspire (渴望) to be the opposite of that.The quitter I want to be is someone who gets out when there's no value in what he's doing, or when that value comes at the expense of something more important. A friend of mine once told me, “I knew I was an adult when I could stop reading a book, even after getting 500 pages into it.” Strange though it sounds, we all tend to do this.We get involved in something, realize we don't want to be a part of it, but keep on going.We say “Well, I've already invested so much time in this, I might as well stick it out.” │ 备用习题 　　 I propose the opposite: quit as often as possible, regardless of project status or time invested.If you're reading a book, and don't like it, stop reading.Cut your losses, realize that the smartest thing to do is to stop before your losses grow even more, and quit.Instead of reading an entire book you hate, read half of a bad one and half of a good one.Isn't that a better use of your time? 　　 Step back for a second.Let‘s learn how to say “no” at the beginning, or in the middle, and free up more of our time to do the things we’d like to be doing, and the things actually worth doing.Saying no is hard, and admitting a mistaken is even │ 备用习题 harder.If we do both, we'll start to make sure that we're spending our time creating value, rather than increasing our losses.Let's be quitters together. 　　 1．The author wants to be a quitter, because he ________. 　　 A．hopes to improve his personality 　　 B．wishes to have more time for relaxation 　　 C．expects to make more efficient use of his time 　　 D．has found it hard to do several things at a time │ 备用习题 　　 2．In what circumstances does the author suggest quitting is a good idea? 　　 A．When you feel tired and need a rest. 　　 B．When you know a task cannot be finished. 　　 C．When you meet with difficulties along the way in your life. 　　 D．When you realize what you are doing is not worth the time. │ 备用习题 　　 3．If you stop reading a book you hate, the author might think that ________. 　　 A．you are wise to cut your losses 　　 B．it's a pity that you have wasted so much time 　　 C．you should finish the book 　　 D．you should regret choosing the wrong book 　　 4．The message the author tries to convey is to ________. 　　 A．learn to say no 　　 B．live your life to the fullest 　　 C．create more value 　　 D．stop doing many things at once │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 文章讲的是作者通过自身的感受体会到有些东西当你觉得不值得做的时候要果断说“不”。 　　 1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，放弃一些没必要做的东西，这样做起事情来就更有效率。 　　 2．D　细节理解题。第三段作者的意思是：当你觉得自己做的事情不值得做时就立刻放弃。 　　 3．A　推理判断题。根据第五段中“…If you're reading a book, and don't like it, stop reading.”可知，作者的观点是A。 　　 4．A　主旨大意题。文章中作者想传达的思想是如何跟不该做的事情说“不”。 │ 备用习题 (三) 　　 A cancerstricken British teenager said Thursday she had been moved by messages of support from around the world after writing an online “Bucket List” of things she wanted to do before dying. 　　 Alice Pyne,15，created an Internet blog in which she described her fight against a cancer of the white blood cells.“I've been fighting cancer for almost four years and now I know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesn't look like I'm going to win this one，” she wrote. │ 备用习题 　　 For her list，at the site www.alicepyne.blogspot.com, she has included making everyone sign up to be a bone marrow donor(骨髓捐赠者)，swimming with sharks, meeting boy band Take That and getting a purple iPad computer. 　　 Messages of support and offers of help quickly flooded her webpage and it became one of the most talked about subjects on Twitter. 　　 “Oh, dear, I thought that I was just doing a little blog for a few friends！” she wrote after her site attracted huge attention. “Thank you so much for all your lovely messages to me.” │ 备用习题 　　 Pyne，who lives with her family in the northwest English town of Ulverston, revealed(透露)the management of Take That had arranged for her to see the band after reading her blog.A group of local lawmakers have also joined forces with the Anthony Blood Cancer Charity to encourage people to join its stem cell register. │ 备用习题 　　 1．What happened after Alice Pyne wrote her “Bucket List”？ 　　 A．People around the world sent messages to support her. 　　 B. People sent gifts to her from all over the world. 　　 C. A lot of people offered to donate bone marrow to her. 　　 D. The media called on people to help her. 　　 2．Alice Pyne wrote her “Bucket List” to________. 　　 A. catch people's attention 　　 B. say goodbye to a few friends 　　 C. give comfort to two terminally ill men 　　 D. express her last few wishes │ 备用习题 　　 3．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Alice Pyne ________. 　　 A. is unaware of her own conditions 　　 B. is very sad to know that she will die 　　 C. is calm to know that death is approaching 　　 D. is still quite confident in fighting against cancer │ 备用习题 　　 4．Which of the following is NOT on Alice Pyne's “Bucket List”？ 　　 A．To ask people to donate bone marrow. 　　 B. To get a cool computer. 　　 C. To swim with sharks. 　　 D．To meet a boy. 　　 5．Take That will arrange to ________. 　　 A．meet Pyne in person 　　 B. help Pyne in any possible way 　　 C. donate money to Pyne 　　 D. invite Pyne to join the band │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 身患癌症的英国少女Alice Pyne 把自己的临终遗愿张贴在网上以后，引起了社会各界的普遍关注，再次阐述了“只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间”的真谛。 　　 1．A　细节理解题。由倒数第三段可以看出帖子发布后，收到了来自世界各地的支持她的信息。 　　 2．D　细节理解题。由第一段的“…after writing an online‘Bucket List’ of things she wanted to do before dying.”可以看出，“Bucket List”表达的就是她最后的愿望。 │ 备用习题 　　 3．C　推理判断题。由该段的“I know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesn't look like I'm going to win this one”对自己的病情和结果进行了平静的叙述，由此可知，C项符合语境。 　　 4．D　细节理解题。第三段介绍了“Bucket List”所有的内容，前三项都在里面，但是里面的“boy band Take That”是一个乐队，而不是想见某一个男孩，所以应该排除D。 　　 5．A　细节理解题。由倒数第一段的“… revealed(透露)the management of Take That had arranged for her”可以看出，她想见的那个乐队已经安排亲自见她了。故选A。 │ 备用习题