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高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——名词(附详解)
本资料来源于易考网络(高考版) www.ekaonet.com 高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——名词 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes. A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears C. a, tears D. a piece of, tear 【陷阱】误选 D,许多学生错误地认为,既然 news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词, 那么 newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼 泪”也应该不可数。 【分析】最佳答案为 C。newspaper 和 tear 均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、 可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。 Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。 She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。 The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。 A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。 顺便说一句,若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它 当成一种“纸”来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如: Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。 2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company. A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter 【陷阱】误选 A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应 是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即 “厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。 【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即 此题正确答案为 B。 3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.” A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics 【陷阱】B、C、D 三项均容易误选。 【分析】对于此题,首先要明确 traffic 为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除 B 和 D。 另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”,而英语习惯上却不能用 crowded 来修饰 traffic,要表示汉语 的“交通拥挤”,英语通常说 heavy traffic,即选 A。如下面一题也是选 A: She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______. A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics 4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem. A. cattle is B. cattle are C. cattles are D. the cattles are 【陷阱】此题容易误选 A,想当然地认为 cattle 是单数,并且空格有表单数的 one,自 然谓语动词用 is。 【陷阱】其实,正确答案为 B。cattle(牲畜,牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s, 却永远表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如: For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。 The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。 类似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法,即 只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可 与 the 连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如: The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。 In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。 It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛 快。 5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him. A. mean, mean B. means, means C. means, mean D. mean, means 【陷阱】误选 C,认为第一空前有 all 修饰,故用 means,而第二空前有 every 修饰,故 用 mean。 【分析】其实,means 是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说,在表 示“方式”、“方法”时,不存在 mean 这一形式(mean 主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用 作名词,表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为 C,by all means 为习语,意为“一定”、“尽 一切办法”。顺便说一句,means 用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较: All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。 Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。 若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如: Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱 吗? 6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him. A. so kind a, friends B. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friend D. so a kind, friend 【陷阱】误选 C 或 D。认为 friend 要用单数。 【分析】其实此题最佳答案为 A。so kind a person 相当于 such a kind person,注意两者 中冠词的位置不同。be friends with 是习语,意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”,与之同义 的类似地还有 make friends with。值得说明的是,这类短语中的名词总是用复数,即使句子 主语为单数也是如此。如: He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。 He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。 7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens. A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of 【陷阱】误选 B。 【分析】此题最佳答案为 C。关于 dozen 的复数是否加词尾-s 的问题比较复杂,大致原 则是: (1) 当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词 of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例,但这已属过时用法,在考试中应避免,如 1992 年全国高考有一 道单项选择题就认为 two dozen of 为错误选项: Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen [D] (2) 当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而 且要后接介词 of,此时可将 dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。如: I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。 She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。 下面一例中的 dozens 加了复数词尾-s 也属为似情况: Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。 (3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s 均可,但需注 意:不加复数词尾-s 时,其后的介词 of 可以省略;加词尾-s 时,其后介词 of 不能省略。如: several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔 注:英语较少使用 many dozen 的说法,要表示类似意思可用 dozens of。 (4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是 us, them 这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of。如: two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋 three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打 注:score, hundred, thousand, million 等也具有以上类似用法。 8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence. A. an idea B. a mark C. a sign D. a word 【陷阱】容易误选 B。 【分析】应选 C,sign 与 mark 的区别是:sign 的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动 作以传递信息或命令等),mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及 常识可知答案为 C。类似地,下面两题的答案也是 C: (1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain. A. thing B. mark C. sign D. one (2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year. A. mark B. track C. sign D. appearance 但是,下面一题却不能选 sign,也不能选 mark,而选 symbol(象征): The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power. A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol 顺便说一句,在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试 题经常出现,同学们需引起注意。 9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.” A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teas C. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas 【陷阱】误选 C,认为 coffee 和 tea 均为不可数名词,不能后加复数词尾-s,从而排除 选项 A、B、D。 【分析】选 B。有的同学认为 coffee 和 tea 是物质名词,不可数,不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实,coffee 既可用作不可数名词,表示“咖啡”这种物质,也可用作 可数名词,表示“一杯咖啡”,即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样,“三 杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea,也可说成 three teas;“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer,也可说成 three beers。 10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. Walk B. Walking C. The walk D. To walk 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 D。 【分析】最佳答案为 B。分析如下: (1) 首先,选项 D 不如选项 B 佳,因为,不定式通常表示特定的动作,而动名词才表 示习惯性的动作。 (2) 尽管 walk 用作名词时可以表示“散步”,但它是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的 散步,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”,要表示此义,要用动名词 walking。比较: How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何? Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。 类似地,dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样: (1) 名词的 dance 表示“跳舞”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞,而不表示 抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比 较: Let’s have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。 He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。 (2) 名词的 swim 表示“游泳”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的游泳,而不表示 抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。 比较: She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。 She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。 ◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______. A. a few white hairs B. a little white hair C. some white hair D. more fifty hair 2.—Hi, this way, please. —OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition 3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________. A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 4. I didn’t have to work all weekend — I did it by _______. A. chance B. choice C. accident D. myself 5. “Did you get _____ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.” A. an answer B. an invitation C. a question D. a letter 6. I paid him £50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least £500. A. price B. money C. value D. importance 7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it. A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess 8. You’ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round. A. chance B. turn C. time D. part 9. —Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. —It’s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination. A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder 10. —How can I use this washing machine? —Well, just refer to the _______. A. explanations B. expressions C. introductions D. directions 11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. A. rooms number B. room number C. room’s numbers D. room numbers 12. —Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry. —Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office. A. Henrys, Henrys B. Henries, Henries C. Henry, Henrys D. Henrys, Henries 13. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years. A. pressure B. force C. strength D. energy 14. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices. A. ins and outs B. dos and don’ts C. heads and tails D. t’s and i’s 15. —I’ve got an “A” in the examination. —That’s a good ______. You will surely win a second. A. result B. news C. start D. idea ◆答案与解析◆ 1. 选 A。hair 可用作可数或不可数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的毛发或头发, 如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词时,则是整体地指一个 人的头发。 2. 选 B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction 意为“没有方向感”。 3. 选 B。需根据句意来分析。attempt 在此表示“尝试”。 4. 选 B,由于上文说 didn’t have to work,所以下文相应的语境应是 did it by choice。 类似地,下面一题应选 D,也是因为 choice 与下文的 have to do it 相呼应: Were you given a _____, or did you have to do it? A. job B. duty C. request D. choice 5. 选 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。 6. 选 C。value 指“价值”。 7. 选 C。make sense of 意为“明白”、“理解”。比较:make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思 清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选 D: What he told us about the situation simply doesn’t make any ______. A. use B. reason C. value D. sense 8. 选 B。miss one’s turn 电为“错过机会”,注意下文的 …have to wait for the next round 所表示的语境。 9. 选 D。it’s no wonder (+that 从句)的意思是“难怪”,也可说成 No wonder (+that 从句)。 10. 选 D。directions 的意思是“使用说明”,空格前的 refer to 意为“查看”、“参考”。 11. 选 D。room 为无生命名词,不用 room’s 这样的所有格形式,在此可直接用名词 作定语。类似地,下面一题要选 B,也是一样的道理(名词作定语通常用单数不用复数): The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday. A. shoes shop B. shoe shop C. shoes’s shop D. shoe’s 12. 选 C。在通常情况下,专有名词具有“独一无二”性,因此它通常没有复数形式,即 不可数。但是,专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的,随着范围的扩大,这种独一无二性便 会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内,只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等, 但是在一个月中甚至一年中,便有多个星期六,多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说:We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意 的是,与一般的名词单数变复数不同,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词,其直接加词尾-s, 而不将 y 改为 i。 13. 选 D。从常识来考虑,electricity 属于 energy,结合全句的语境,只有 D 最合适。 同样地,下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选 D: (1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______. A. source B. material C. power D. energy (2) The ______ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides. A. pollution B. friendship C. condition D. situation 14. 选 A。ins and outs 意为“细节”,dos and don’ts 意为“注意事项”,heads or tails 为掷 钱币打赌时用语,意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”,p’s and q’s 主要用于 mind one’s p’s and q’s, 意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意,选 A 最合适。 15. 选 C。从语法上看,news 不可选,因为它不可数;从意义上看,D 不可选,因为 选 D 意思不通;比较 A 和 C,选 C 最合适,因为 start 与下文的 a second 相吻合。 本资料来源于易考网络(高考版) www.ekaonet.com查看更多