【英语】2018届二轮复习状语从句讲与练学案（10页word版

【英语】2018届二轮复习状语从句讲与练学案（10页word版

‎2018届二轮复习 状语从句讲与练学案 一 时间状语从句 ‎1.when 引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，常用于以下句式：‎ ‎ be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……‎ ‎ be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……‎ ‎ be doing...when...正在做……这时……‎ ‎ had just done...when...刚做完……这时……‎ ‎ We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来。‎ We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正开着会突然有人闯入。‎ He had just fallen asleep when the phone rang.他刚刚睡着电话就响了。‎ 注意：when 可表原因，意为“既然”。‎ ‎ How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen.‎ 既然你什么也听不下去，你怎么能指望学到东西呢？‎ ‎2.as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once (一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。‎ ‎ The moment I heard the voice， I knew father was coming.‎ 我一听到那个声音，就知道父亲来了。‎ No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.‎ 我们刚到车站，火车就离站了。‎ ‎ The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.‎ 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。‎ ‎ My sister came directly she got my short message.‎ 我姐姐一收到我的短信就来了。‎ ‎3.before ‎(1)若表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……”时，需用连词before。‎ ‎ He rushed out of the room before I told/could tell him the news.‎ 我还没来得及告诉他消息，他就冲出了房间。‎ ‎ Please write it down before you forget it.‎ 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。‎ ‎(2)It will be＋一段时间＋before（从句用一般现在时）... 多久之后才……‎ It won’t be long before（从句用一般现在时）...不久就……‎ It was+一段时间+before (从句用一般过去时)‎ ‎ It will be half a year before I come back.‎ 还得待半年我才能回来。‎ ‎ It won’t be long before we meet again. ‎ 没多长时间我们就会见面的。‎ 比较：It’s/has been+时间段+since从句（从句用一般过去时）“某事发生有多久了”‎ ‎ （四川卷） As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.‎ 正如所报道的，清华大学建立有100年了。‎ 二条件状语从句 ‎1.通常由if， unless， as (so) long as， in case (that)等连词引导。‎ ‎ In case anything important happens， please call me up.‎ 万一发生了什么重要事情，请打电话给我。‎ ‎ My parents don’t mind what job I do as long as I am happy.‎ 我父母不在乎我从事什么样的工作，只要我高兴就好。‎ ‎ The medicine works more effectively if you drink some hot water after taking it.‎ 这种药如果你用热水送服，会更加有效。‎ ‎2.由on condition(that)； provided(that)； providing (that)； supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎ You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.‎ 你只能在离河岸不太远的地方游泳。‎ ‎ Supposing it rains tomorrow， what shall we do?‎ 假设明天下雨我们做什么？‎ 三地点状语从句 ‎1.通常由连词where和wherever 引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。‎ ‎ The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.‎ 那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。‎ ‎ Keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world.‎ 不管你在世界上的什么地方，都要跟家人保持联系。‎ ‎2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。‎ ‎ Where there’s a will， there’s a way.‎ 有志者事竟成。‎ ‎ Where(ver) there’s plenty of sun and rain， the fields are green.‎ 哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。‎ 四 让步状语从句 ‎1.由although， though， as 引导状语从句。although 和though 同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗、口语化。‎ ‎ Although the police thought he was the most likely one， since they had no exact proof about it， they would not arrest him.‎ 尽管警察认为他最有嫌疑，但由于没有确凿的证据，他们就不能拘留他。‎ 注意：as 引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。‎ ‎ Difficult as the task was， they managed to finish it in time.‎ 虽然这项任务很难，他们还是设法及时完成了。‎ ‎ Foreigner as he is, he knows a lot about China.‎ 尽管他是一个外国人，但他很了解中国。‎ ‎2.even if， even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。‎ ‎ I’ll do it， even if it takes me all the afternoon.‎ 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。‎ ‎ Even if he did say so， we could not be sure that he was telling the truth. ‎ 即使他这样说，我们也不能确定他是否说了真话。‎ ‎3.whether(...or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上假设。‎ ‎ Whether I go alone or he goes with me， the result will be the same.‎ 我自己走还是他跟我一起走，结果都是相同的。‎ ‎4.由“wh-＋ever”或“no matter+wh”引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎ Keep calm， whatever happens.= Keep calm, no matter what happens.‎ 不管发生什么都要保持冷静。‎ ‎ Whenever you call on me， you are always welcome.= No matter when you call on me, you are always welcome.‎ 不管何时你来看我，我都欢迎。‎ ‎5.However/No matter how的语序“However/No matter how+adj./adv.+主语谓语”。‎ ‎ However/No matter how late I came back, mother was always waiting for me. ‎ 无论我多晚回家，妈妈总是在等我。‎ ‎ (辽宁卷) No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless.‎ 一个沙漠无论多么干旱，也不一定就没有生命。‎ 专题训练 Ⅰ.单句填空 ‎________ you are aware of the trick used in advertisements, I don’t think you are eager to buy.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一旦你意识到广告中使用的技巧,我认为你就不急于购买了。once 是用来引导一个条件/时间状语从句的，意为“一旦”。‎ ‎【答案】1.Once ‎2.Online information helps you a lot with house-hunting. But you can’t really tell if you’ll like a place ________ you see it.‎ ‎【解析】句意：网上信息在你买房上可以给你很大帮助，但是直到你亲眼看到了那个地方后，你才能真正说出你是否喜欢那个地方。分析句子结构可知应填until，not…until直到……才。‎ ‎【答案】2.until ‎3.Many people believe we are heading for environment disaster ________ we basically change the way we live.‎ ‎【解析】句意：许多人认为除非我们从根本上改变我们的生活方式，否则，我们会走向因环境问题而引起的灾难。unless 意同if…not,即“如果不”。‎ ‎【答案】3.unless ‎4.There is nothing wrong with turning on the TV ________ watching it doesn’t keep you from doing something important.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果它不妨碍你做一些重要的事情，打开电视看没什么错。if表假设，符合题意。‎ ‎5.We all need knowledge from the past—________ it comes from personal experience or from studying history. It is our only guide to the future.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们都需要过去的知识——无论是来自个人经验还是从历史中学习。它是我们走向未来的唯一指导。从后文or可以判断出这里是一个选择关系。‎ ‎【答案】5.whether ‎6.At present, visits can be arranged to many businesses and companies, ________ that they can see how different products are manufactured.‎ ‎【解析】句意：目前,可以安排他们去访问众多企业和公司,这样他们可以看到不同的产品是如何制造的。上下文是表“目的”关系。‎ ‎【答案】6.so ‎【答案】4.if ‎7.Don’t be discouraged. Take things ________ they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.‎ ‎【解析】句意：不要气馁，接受现状,你会享受你生活中的每一天。as 表“方式”，意为“以……样子”。‎ ‎【答案】7.as ‎8.If you talk to your children ________ they were adults, you will strengthen the bonds and become closer friends.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果你跟你的孩子就像成年人一样交流,你将加强你们之间的关系并成为密切的朋友。从文中所用的were可以看出，这里宜用as if/as though，表“仿佛，好像”，因此这里应为方式状语。‎ ‎【答案】8.as if ‎9.Experts are trying to work out a plan to deal with the problems caused by global warming ________ it is too late.‎ ‎【解析】句意：专家趁还来得及时正在努力制定一个计划来处理由全球变暖引起的问题。before 意为“在……之前”，可译为“趁……尚不晚”。‎ ‎【答案】9.before ‎10.More and more people prefer to do volunteer work in areas ________ appeal to them to learn more.‎ ‎【解析】句意：越来越多的人喜欢在能够吸引他们学习更多东西的地方做志愿工作。这是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中充当主语，而不是状语。‎ ‎【答案】10.which/that ‎11.You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.‎ ‎【解析】 unless引导条件状语从句，意为“除非”。句意：除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你永远不会取得成功。‎ ‎【答案】11.unless ‎12.The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names. ‎ ‎【解析】 before引导时间状语从句，句型“…before I could…”通常意为“还没等……，还没来得及……”。句意：那对年轻夫妇归还了我的钱包，还没等我问他们的姓名就离开了。‎ ‎【答案】12.before ‎13.It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.‎ ‎【解析】 it为非人称代词，指时间。when引导时间状语从句。句意：当父亲叫醒我让我看足球赛时已是午夜时分。‎ ‎【答案】13.when ‎14.Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her. ‎ ‎【解析】 where此处引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”。句意：半小时过去了，可露西在下车的地方还是找不到出租车。亦可用after,表时间，即下车后……。‎ ‎【答案】14.where/after ‎15. ________ Mr.Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.‎ ‎【解析】此处if引导虚拟条件句，表示对过去的一种假设，句型为“if…had done…, …would have done…”。句意：如果杜威先生当时在场，他一定会给那儿的人提供任何可能的援助。‎ ‎【答案】15.If ‎16.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming ________ we had expected.‎ ‎【解析】构成more…than…句型。句意：手工填写所有的请柬比我们预料的还要费时。‎ ‎【答案】16.than ‎17.You’d better write down her phone number ________ you forget it.‎ ‎【解析】 before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。句意：最好趁你还没有忘赶快记下她的电话号码。‎ ‎【答案】 17.before ‎18.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me ________ if I had done it?‎ ‎【解析】as if意为“好像”，引导方式状语从句，根据句意可用虚拟语气。句意：是约翰打碎窗户的，为什么你那样对我说话？好像是我做的一样。‎ ‎【答案】18.as ‎19. ________ he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.‎ ‎【解析】此处为虚拟条件句的倒装，相当于If he had caught…。句意：要是他赶上了早班火车，他开会就不会迟到了。‎ ‎【答案】19.Had ‎20.No ________ had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. ‎ ‎【解析】构成no sooner…than…句型，“一……就……”，注意主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。句意：莫言一上台观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。‎ ‎【答案】20.sooner ‎21.Was it ________ Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?‎ ‎【解析】 because引导原因状语从句，并将其置于强调句中。句意：是因为杰克上学迟到了史密斯先生才生气的吗？‎ ‎【答案】21.because ‎22.Much ________ I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.‎ ‎【解析】 as引导让步状语从句时须将表语或状语提前（名词提前时去掉冠词），其他成分保持陈述句语序。though引导让步状语从句时可如as一样提前，也可如although那样不提前。句意：虽然我见多识广，却从未见过像约翰这么有能力的人。‎ ‎【答案】22.as/though ‎23.—Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.‎ ‎—Good, and ________ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. ‎ ‎【解析】构成whether…or…句型，引导让步状语从句，“不论……还是……”。句意：不论你是玩耍还是看电视，都不要打搅我。‎ ‎【答案】23.whether ‎24. ________ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.‎ ‎【解析】此处从句主语与主句主语一致，所以从句中的主语和be动词可同时省略。原句应为Although/Though (the company is) small。句意：这家公司虽小，却在30多个国家里拥有约1 000名买手。‎ ‎【答案】24.Although/Though ‎25. ________ amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.‎ ‎【解析】 however等同于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，其后接形容词或副词。句意：无论这故事多有趣，本周我都要把它放一边而关注我的学习。‎ ‎【答案】25.However ‎26.The famous scientist grew up ________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.‎ ‎【解析】从主句的现在完成时可判断从句用since引导，意为“自……以来”。句意：自我从国外回来就听说了有关你的很多好消息。‎ ‎【答案】26.where ‎27.I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad.‎ ‎【解析】从主句的现在完成时可判断从句用since引导，意为“自……以来”。句意：自我从国外回来就听说了有关你的很多好消息。‎ ‎【答案】27.since ‎28.You can borrow my car as ________ as you promise not to drive too fast.‎ ‎【解析】 as long as连接条件状语从句，“只要……”。句意：只要你答应不开太快，就可以借用我的车。‎ ‎【答案】28.long ‎29.It ________ 3 years since we graduated from junior middle school.‎ ‎【解析】句型it is/has been some time since…意为“自……以来已经……（多长时间）”。句意：我们初中毕业已经3年了。‎ ‎【答案】29.is/has been ‎ ‎ ‎30.Try ________ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.‎ ‎【解析】 try as she might的意思是no matter how hard she tried。句意：不论苏怎么努力都打不开门。‎ ‎【答案】30.as Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.Many people called to ask when the match was indeed canceled because of the rain.‎ ‎【解析】句意：很多人打电话来问这场比赛是否确实因为下雨取消了。人们问的应是比赛是否被取消，这才是人们关注的问题，因此宜用if/whether。‎ ‎【答案】1.when→if/whether ‎2.He was rejected for the job vacancy because of he couldnt be punctual even for the interview. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：他没有得到这份工作,因为他甚至无法准时参加面试。because of是一个介词短语，而后半部分是一个句子，因此应用连词。‎ ‎【答案】2.of ‎3. —What should we do because we can’t make a compromise after lengthy talks?‎ ‎—Either you apologize and take back what you’ve said or it is all over between us.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——既然经过漫长的谈判后我们还不能达成协议，我们应该怎么办？——要么你道歉,收回你所说的话，要么我们之间的一切到此为止。since往往表达双方都清楚的原因，意为“既然”；because是直接的因果关系，意为“因为”。‎ ‎【答案】3.because→since ‎4.As private cars are bringing us convenience, they may also cause traffic accidents and pollution.‎ ‎【解析】句意：虽然/尽管私家车让我们方便,但它们也可能引起交通事故和污染。as引导让步状语从句要用倒装结构，因此不可用as; 上下文可以看作是对比关系，也可看作是让步关系。‎ ‎【答案】4.As→While/Although/Though ‎5.Learn to recognize the symptoms of the virus and understand what to do in case of you or a loved one is infected. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：学会识别这一病毒的症状,并且明白怎么应对,以防你或者你爱的人被感染。in case of是介词短语，而in case (that) 是一个连词，因后文是一个句子，因此要用连词。‎ ‎【答案】5.of→that/of ‎6.—What do you think about the new teacher?‎ ‎—When the new teacher is an elegant lady, she can be extremely difficult to work with.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你认为那位新老师怎么样?——尽管新老师是一位优雅的女士,但也可能会极难与她共事。while用于句首时，有让步之意，即：尽管；when没有这一用法。‎ ‎【答案】6.When→While/Although/Though ‎7.Once having hundreds of online “friends” is great, our real and closest connections still lie with those who are a part of our daily lives.‎ ‎【解析】句意：虽然有成百上千的在线“好友”很棒, 但是我们真实的、最亲密的联系还是和日常生活中的朋友。上下文是让步关系。‎ ‎【答案】7.Once→While/Although/Though ‎8.In the interview, he was asked the same question as he would like to apply for that job.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在面试时,他被问到同样的问题：为什么他想申请那份工作。不可因名词前有the same修饰就以为是定语从句，从上下文看，这里是面试官想知道他想获得这份工作的原因。‎ ‎【答案】8.as→why ‎9.The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital, but none came to see him as many of his friends offered him their help.‎ ‎【解析】句意：当他住院时，他渴望看到他所有的亲戚,但没有一个来看他的,而他的很多朋友给了他不少帮助。while用于句中时，可表对比关系，意同“whereas”,即“而，然而”。‎ ‎【答案】9.as→while ‎10.With some technical problems to be solved, it may be a while when the system is put into use.‎ ‎【解析】句意：因有一些技术问题有待解决,系统投入使用还有待一段时间。before意为“过……才”，即：在……之前还有……。‎ ‎【答案】10.when→before ‎11. Water will continue to be as it is today next in importance to oxygen.‎ ‎【解析】句意：水将继续是重要性仅次于氧气的东西。to be后应是一个表语从句，what引导表语从句，同时又在从句中作it is的逻辑表语。‎ ‎【答案】11.as→what ‎12.Only you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.‎ ‎【解析】 only修饰状语并置于句首时主句倒装。此处only修饰状语从句，但从句缺连接词。句意：你只有内心平和才能与别人处好关系。‎ ‎【答案】12.Only ∧you ‎ when/if ‎13.As though the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. ‎ ‎【解析】 even though/if引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，即使”。句意：虽然森林公园很远，但每年还是有很多游客游览。as though/if意为“好像”。‎ ‎【答案】13.As→Even/As ‎14.Though history cannot be changed, but lessons can be learned to face the future.‎ ‎【解析】 though引导让步状语从句，后面为主句，所以要删去并列连词but。同样，but连接并列句，两句之间是并列关系，不能再用从属连词though。句意：虽然历史不能改写，但可以吸取教训以面向未来。‎ ‎【答案】14. Though history/but lessons ‎15.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born now that she could stay home and raise her family.‎ ‎【解析】 now that意为“既然”，表原因。so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句。句意：儿子出生了凯西就辞去工作，以便能顾家。‎ ‎【答案】15.now→so ‎16.Children, when being accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ ‎【解析】此处可看成状语从句的省略，即when (they are) accompanied…。句意：当有家人陪伴时，可以允许儿童进入体育馆。‎ ‎【答案】16.when being accompanied ‎17.Unless extra money found, the theater will close.‎ ‎【解析】 unless引导条件状语从句，且从句主语与主句主语不一致，所以从句中必须用完整的谓语，不能用非谓语动词。句意：要是找不到额外的资金，剧院就得关门了。‎ ‎【答案】 17.money ∧ found ‎ is ‎18.Since the time humankind had started gardening, we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.‎ ‎【解析】 since引导时间状语从句，用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。句意：自人类开始园艺以来，我们一直在努力美化环境。‎ ‎【答案】18.humankind had started ‎19.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter had heard cries for help. ‎ ‎【解析】 when此处意为“and suddenly (something happened)”。句意：某个星期五我们正在打包行李准备外出度周末,这时我女儿突然听到有人喊救命。‎ ‎【答案】19.my daughter had heard ‎20.Mr.Hook decided that it was his dream home and that he would spend the rest of his life here for the first time he came to the Moon Valley. ‎ ‎【解析】 the first time引导时间状语从句，类似的还有the second/last time，the moment/minute/second/instant等。句意：胡克先生第一次来到月亮湾就认定这是他的理想家园，他会在这里度过余生。‎ ‎【答案】20.here for the first time ‎21.However the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. ‎ ‎【解析】此处应用whatever做介词like的宾语，而however是副词，不可做宾语。句意：不论明天的天气如何，我们的船都将驶往澳门。‎ ‎【答案】21.However→Whatever ‎22.His plan sounded so practical that we all agreed to accept.‎ ‎【解析】 so…that…构成结果状语从句，“如此……以至于……”。其中that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，而accept是及物动词，后需带宾语。句意：他的计划听上去切实可行，这样我们就都同意接受了。‎ ‎【答案】22.accept ∧‎ ‎23.In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help to wherever a war breaks out.‎ ‎【解析】 wherever引导地点状语从句，“在任何地方”，此处再用介词to为多余。句意：在和平年代,人们还是指望红十字会把援助送去任何爆发战争的地方。‎ ‎【答案】23.help to wherever ‎24.Every time that I take part in a discussion or try to speak English to someone, I find it difficult to get myself across.‎ ‎【解析】 every/each time每当，引导时间状语从句，that为多余。类似还有the first/second…/last time等亦可连接状语从句。句意：每次我参加讨论或跟人讲英语，我都觉得很难让人理解我的话。‎ ‎【答案】24.Every time that I ‎ 25.I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times that much.‎ ‎【解析】此处为比较状语从句的省略，即…almost three times as much (as that one)。句意：与另一件夹克衫相比我更喜欢这一件，但它的价钱却是另一件的三倍。‎ ‎【答案】25.第二个that→as ‎26.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even he wants to.‎ ‎【解析】 even是副词，不能引导从句。even if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，即使”。句意：他很忙，即使想腾出足够时间给儿子也做不到。‎ ‎【答案】26.even ∧ he ‎ if/though ‎27.No matter how you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.‎ ‎【解析】 no matter how后须接形容词或副词。本句中no matter how hard修饰动词try。句意：不论你多么努力，如果不削减饭量还是很难减肥。‎ ‎【答案】27.how ∧you ‎ hard ‎28.I hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.‎ ‎【解析】在句型hardly…when…中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。句意：我刚到办公室妻子就打电话叫我立刻回家。‎ ‎【答案】28.I ∧ hardly ‎ had ‎29.Don’t handle the vase as if it is made of steel.‎ ‎【解析】 as if引导方式状语从句，根据句意需用虚拟语气。句意：小心搬动花瓶，可别以为它是铁做的。‎ ‎【答案】29.is→were ‎30.A number of high buildings have arisen in where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎ where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”，状语从句前不可再加介词。句意：在一年前完全是一片废墟的地方已经建起了好几栋高楼大厦。‎ ‎【答案】30.have arisen in where ‎ it