【英语】2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题五介词与介词短语

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题五介词与介词短语

‎2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题五 介词与介词短语 ‎ ‎ ‎ 介词属于虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的词类、短语等，构成介词短语。‎ 一、介词的分类 ‎1．按意义分类：‎ 表示时间的介词 at, in, on, after, before, since, during ...‎ 表示地点的介词 at, in, on, over, under, above, below ...‎ 表示原因、目的的(短语)介词 for, because of, owing to ...‎ 表示所属、伴随的介词 of, with ...‎ 表示“除了……”的介词 but, except, besides ...‎ 表示方法、手段的介词 in, by, with, without ...‎ 表示“关于”的介词 about, on, of ...‎ ‎2.按形态分类：‎ 简单介词 at, in, on, off, to, from, about, over, before ...‎ 复合介词 into, onto, inside, without, within, towards ...‎ 短语介词 because of, in front of, at the back of, according to ...‎ 双重介词 from under, from behind, except for ...‎ 分词介词 including, considering ...‎ 二、常用介词的用法 ‎1．时间介词in, at, on: in表示时间段，即在较长的一段时间内；at表示时间点，即钟点、时刻等；on表示具体的某一天。如： in the morning, in a day, in spring，at noon, at six o'clock, on Sunday morning, on the night of August fifth ‎2．时间介词by, before, until: by表示“到时候为止”动作已经完成；before表示“在……某时之前”，不包括某时在内；until表示动作持续到某时。‎ I will finish the work before Friday.‎ 星期五之前我会完成工作。‎ I will have finished the work by Friday.‎ 最晚星期五我就会完成工作。‎ I will work here until Friday.‎ 我将在这儿工作到星期五。‎ ‎3．时间介词after, in: after表示“在……之后”，后接时间段时，一般用于过去时，后接时间点时，可用于过去时或将来时；in接时间段，用于将来时表示“在多久以后”，用于过去时表示“在……的时间之内”。‎ After supper, I will take a walk.‎ 晚饭后，我会散步。‎ He will be back in two weeks.‎ 他两周后回来。‎ ‎4．方位介词across, through, past, over: across强调穿过某一平面；through强调从某一空间内部通过；past强调从某一事物旁边经过；over强调从一边到另一边或越过某一高度。‎ Be careful while walking across the street.‎ 横穿马路时务必小心。‎ Walk through the gate, please.‎ 请穿过大门。‎ A dog ran past.‎ 有只狗跑过去了。‎ The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.‎ 小偷翻墙逃走了。‎ ‎5．表示“除……以外”的介词besides, except, except for: besides表示“除……之外也……”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的；except表示“除……之外都……”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的；except for是对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，一般不表示同类事物之间的关系。‎ We need two more chairs besides these three.‎ 除了这三把椅子我们还需要两把。‎ We all went except her.‎ 除了她我们都去了。‎ All the buildings are excellent except for their location.‎ 除了位置之外，所有的建筑都相当不错。‎ ‎6．表示方式的with, by, in: with多指用工具、身体的某部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言、工具或材料等。‎ You can see it with your own eyes.‎ 你可以亲自去看看。‎ Why don't we go there by car instead?‎ 我们为何不坐小汽车去呢？‎ He made the speech in English.‎ 他用英语作了这场报告。‎ 三、介词短语 高考中常考查到的介词短语有：‎ ‎1．at at night　　　　　　　　 在夜里 at noon 在中午 at breakfast 在吃早饭 at home 在家里 at work 在上班 at school 在上学 ‎2．in in the meanwhile 同时 in the way 阻挡 in time 及时；最终 in detail 详细地 in favour of 同意 in terms of 就……而言 in honor of 为纪念……‎ in view of 由于 in vain 徒劳地 in turn 依次，轮流 in common 共有；公有 in danger 处于危险中 in relief 如释重负地 in case 以免；万一 in return 作为回报 in exchange for 用以交换……‎ ‎3．for be praised for 因为……受到表扬 for life 终生 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 as for 就……而论；关于 for lack of 由于缺乏……‎ ‎4．to key to ……的钥匙/答案 answer to ……的答案 note to ……的注释 way to 通向……的路 visit to 到……的访问 contribution to 对……的贡献 approach to ……的方法 ‎5．on on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on account of 由于 on condition that ... 以……作为条件 have an effect on 对……有影响 ‎6．with have an appointment with 与……有约会 with regard to 关于 ‎7．above above average 在平均数以上 above all 首先；最重要的是 ‎8．by by chance/accident 偶然；碰巧 by name 用名字 by means of 借助……手段 ‎9．from apart from 除……之外 far from 远非 ‎10．out of out of order 秩序混乱 out of sight 看不见 out of control 失去控制 out of place 不在合适的位置；不适当的 out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问 I have an appointment with Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.(北京高考)‎ 我和史密斯医生有个约会，但我需要改一下。‎ You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be for life.(安徽高考)‎ 你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊是要终生受用的。‎ ‎[应用落实体验] ‎ ‎1.—Does it rain a lot in this area?‎ ‎—________， it hardly ever rains; the climate is like that of ‎ a desert.‎ A．What's worse　　　　　 B．In other words C．On the contrary D．As a result 解析：选C　句意：“这个地区雨水多吗？”“正相反，几乎不下雨；就像沙漠气候。”on the contrary“恰恰相反”；what's worse“更糟糕的是”；in other words“换言之”；as a result“因此”。‎ ‎2．—How did she lose so much weight as expected?‎ ‎—________ eating less, she jogged for several miles every day.‎ A．In spite of B．In addition to C．Instead of D．Thanks to 解析：选B　句意：“她是怎样按照预想的减掉这么多体重的？”“除了少吃，她每天慢跑几英里。”in addition to“除了……以外(还有)”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“代替”；thanks to“多亏了”。根据she jogged ...可知B项正确。‎ ‎3．I have no dreams ________ to have a happy life.‎ A．rather than B．more than C．other than D．less than 解析：选C　句意：除了拥有幸福生活，我别无他求。other than“除了”；rather than“而不是”；more than“不仅，多于”；less than“少于”。根据句意选C。‎ ‎4．After the Spring Festival, some factories cannot start production as planned ________ the labour force.‎ A．for fear of B．for lack of C．in need of D．in search of 解析：选B　考查介词短语。句意：春节后，一些工厂因劳动力短缺而无法按计划开工生产。for fear of“唯恐”；for lack of“因缺少”；in need of“需要”；in search of“寻找”。根据句意可知正确答案为B项。‎ ‎5．I'd like to give them something ________ everything they have done for us.‎ A．in place of B．in return for C．in spite of D．in case of 解析：选B　句意：我想给他们一些东西以报答他们为我们做的一切事情。in return for “作为报答”，符合题意。in place of“代替，取代”；in spite of “尽管”；in case of “以防，以免”。‎ ‎6．When Mary was told her son's illness could be cured, she left the hospital ________.‎ A．in peace B．in surprise C．in relief D．in time 解析：选C　句意：当玛丽被告知她儿子的病可以被治愈时，她如释重负地离开了医院。in relief“如释重负”，符合题意。in peace“平静地”；in surprise“吃惊地”；in time“及时地”。‎