19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-3 阅读理解（说明文）（第01期）（解析版）

19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-3 阅读理解（说明文）（第01期）（解析版）

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 ‎（一）【2019 • 重庆市中考】‎ Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular.‎ Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.‎ Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.‎ When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish. ‎ White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.‎ The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.‎ ‎1. The writer gave ___________ examples to show Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.‎ A. two B. three C. four D. five ‎2. From Paragraph 5, we know that ___________.‎ A. a raccoon likes fish B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8‎ C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew ‎3. According to the passage, Picture ___________ can’t be from Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.‎ A. B. C. D. ‎ ‎4. The writer mainly wants to talk about ___________.‎ A. why Cinyee made herself known B. who divided a year into 24 parts C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了来自台湾的艺术家Cinyee Chiu是如何用动物来展示24节气的。Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。并且通过两个例子：鱼代表立春；浣熊代表白露。来加以说明。最后说明了这位年轻的艺术家使中国古代文化焕然一新。‎ ‎1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据句子So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. 因此，Cinyee选择鱼作为立春的象征。和句子For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 对于白露这一节气，Cinyee Chiu选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，作者举了两个例子来说明Cinyee的＂24节气＂。故选A。‎ ‎2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. Cinyee选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。可知，A不对；选项B的句子Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8. 立春大约在12月8日左右。短文中并没有提到，因此B不正确；根据原文White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn.白露在9月8日左右。它显示了凉爽的秋天的开始。因此选项C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn白露表示秋末。是错误的；根据第五段的句子She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，Cinyee使用白点来显示露水。因此本题正确的答案为D。‎ ‎3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问哪一幅图不可能来自Cinyee的24 节气。根据Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。而图片D是＂画了一只鸟的立春图＂，是挂历性质的一幅图片，所以该选项不可能来自于Cinyee的24 节气。故选D。‎ ‎4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂ is the most popular. 其中，＂24节气＂最受欢迎。以及下文的两个例子，主要用来说明Cinyee是如何用动物图片来展示24个节气的。所以选C。‎ ‎（二）【2019 • 浙江省温州市】‎ Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974. ‎ A radio telescope is usually made up of:‎ One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.‎ A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃）.‎ A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.‎ Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.‎ To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town. ‎ Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.‎ ‎5. Radio telescopes help collect ___________ from the universe A. light B. objects C. radio waves D. visible signals ‎6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to ___________.‎ A. make the antennas strong enough B. increase the number of radio waves C. turn radio waves into electronic signals D. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector ‎7. The underlined word "interferences" in the passage refers to ___________.‎ A. the noises made by villagers and animals B. the sounds from the radios and televisions C. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work D. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans ‎8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?‎ A. We have received pictures of deep space.‎ B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.‎ C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.‎ D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了无线电天文望远镜，详细介绍了它的发明、构成、工作原理、作用等。‎ ‎5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息A radio telescope is usually made up of：One or more antennas to collect the radio waves.可知，无线天文望远镜帮助收集宇宙中的无线电波，故答案选C。‎ ‎6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.可知，大多数无线天文望远镜的天线都是碟形的，用来将无线电波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案选D。‎ ‎7. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals.可知是为了避免干扰，保持望远镜的灵敏度，无线天文电望远镜建在没有人类无线电波或电子信号的地方。所以"interferences"指的是来自人类的无线电波和电子信号，故答案选D。‎ ‎8. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.可推知，在无线天文望远镜的帮助下，我们发现了宇宙中一些未知的物体，故答案选C。‎ ‎（三）【2019 • 浙江省衢州市】‎ ‎ The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.‎ Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.‎ Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. ＂Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference,＂ Dana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said. ＂Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?＂‎ People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.‎ ‎9. According to the write, birds die because they ___________.‎ A. eat bottle caps and straws B. get caught in fishing nets C. feed on ocean animals D. have the spoons in India ‎10. The underlined word "endangers " in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.‎ A. brings B. loses C. harms D. saves ‎11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________.‎ A. introduce some ways to recycle waste B. tell readers about the problem with plastics C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste ‎12. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ___________.‎ A. is too big for people to solve B. can be solved by recycling alone C. can be solved, but it won’t be easy D. will have to be solved by future scientists ‎【文章大意】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。‎ ‎9. A【解析】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）可知＂鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖＂；故选A。‎ ‎10. C【解析】题意：第2段中下画线单词＂endangers＂可能意思是__________。考查词义猜测。A. brings带来；B. loses失去；C. harms伤害；D. saves拯救。根据上文Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）描述可知＂此句It endangers ocean life.句意是：它危害海洋生物。＂根据句意可知＂endangers＂可能意思是＂harms＂；选C。‎ ‎11. B【解析】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是__________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。‎ ‎12. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题__________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。‎ ‎（四）【2019 • 四川省广安市】‎ ‎ Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with(提出)the name "artificial intelligence" over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.‎ An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地）. At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology.‎ Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者）in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good ‎ knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.‎ Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.‎ ‎13. From Paragraph 1, we know that ___________.‎ A. all problems can be solved by computers B. machines with AI can think and learn C. AI has been around for only 60 years D. AI works in the same way as people ‎14. According to the passage, what can’t AI do at present?‎ A. Understand human speech. B. Operate self-driving cars.‎ C. Compete in some game systems. D. Understand human feelings.‎ ‎15. The underlined word＂it＂in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是）___________.‎ A. chess B. a scientist C. the danger D. AI ‎16. According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn ___________ well.‎ A. math and art B. art and technology C. math and computer science D. art and computer science ‎17. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist ___________ about AI.‎ A. wishes B. worries C. feelings D. discoveries ‎【文章大意】人工智能是电脑程序或者机器可以学习和思考的一种能力，这方面的研究目的在于创造出能学习、解决问题和思考的电脑程序。本文简单介绍了人工智能，并表示科学家们正在这个领域努力研究。‎ ‎13. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. 人工智能是计算机程序或机器的能力。计算机或具有人工智能的机器可以思考和学习。可知，故选B。‎ ‎14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. 目前，艾尔能够成功地理解人类的语言，识别（识别）人类的面孔，操作自动驾驶的汽车，并在一些游戏系统（如下棋）中进行竞争。可知，故选D。‎ ‎15. D【解析】代词指代题。根据上文的Some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to ‎ humans有些人还认为人工智能对人类是一种危险。可知，it指的是AI，如果人工智能发展迅速的话，它对人类是一种危险。故选D。‎ ‎16. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文中We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing. 我们不仅需要聪明的学生，也需要普通的学生。至于普通的学生，如果他们有足够的数学技能，他们也可以成为成功的人工智能设计师。此外，对于人工智能设计来说，良好的计算机科学知识也是必不可少的。可知，故选C。‎ ‎17. A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field. 科学家们希望创造出有创造力和情感的人工智能。人工智能可能理解人类的感受或创造艺术。许多方法和工具都试图发现这个广阔而令人兴奋的领域。可知，故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。‎ ‎（五）【2019 • 安徽省中考】‎ ‎ The world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.‎ Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.‎ While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.‎ Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and ‎ make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.‎ ‎18. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?‎ A. Under 10 million. B. Only 19 million.‎ C. About 92 million. D. Over 700 million.‎ ‎19. Treating wastewater helps the environment by ___________.‎ A. storing waste in ice and snow B. letting waste run into oceans C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans D. sending waste to coastal countries ‎20. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. 远洋运输 B. 潮汐发电 C. 食盐销售 D. 海水淡化 ‎21. At present, the technology to process water ___________.‎ A. needs much energy B. saves much money C. satisfies everyone D. causes pollution ‎22. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. Water should be a human right. B. The water problem is still serious.‎ C. Our planet is covered with water. D. Everyone has enough clean water.‎ ‎【文章大意】＂水是生命之源＂，我们的生活离不开水。但地球上的水资源是有限的，全世界很多地方的人们仍然没有办法获得干净、安全的水。现在我们有了一项新的技术，可以处理和再利用废水，但它需要大量的能源，因此科学家们正在努力创造一种成本更低的技术。‎ ‎18. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.可知，有超过7亿人在获得清洁、安全的水方面存在困难。由此可知应选D。‎ ‎19. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.可知，处理废水可以使废物远离河流和海洋，从而有利于保护环境。由此可知应选C。‎ ‎20. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的上下文语境The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in.，地球上98%的水在海洋里，是咸水不能喝，然后下文More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world提到了很多处理海水的工厂。由此可推测desalination的意思应该是＂海水淡化＂，故应选D。‎ ‎21. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段最后一句话But the technology they use requires a lot of ‎ energy.可知，现在处理海水的技术需要大量的能量。由此可知应选A。‎ ‎22. B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文最后一句话But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.可知，现在，世界每天仍然面临着没有足够的水供每个人使用。由此可知现在水问题仍然非常严重，故应选B。‎ ‎（六）【2019 • 山东省青岛市】‎ Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity. ‎ Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.‎ A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.‎ However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.‎ Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.‎ ‎23. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because ___________.‎ A. birds don’t fly near them B. they spin slowly C. they are shorter than old windmills D. new windmills don’t spin ‎24. When did people start using wind power?‎ A. About 25 years ago. B. About 80 years ago.‎ C. About 500 years ago. D. Over 1,000 years ago.‎ ‎25. ___________, so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.‎ A. Windmills break all the time B. We can’t use windmills at night C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time ‎26. What does the article say about wind power?‎ A. Most people don’t like it. B. It’s getting cheaper.‎ C. Denmark doesn’t use it. D. It’s getting more expensive.‎ ‎27. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Expensive Windmills B. Cheap and Clean Energy C. Popular and Clean Wind Power D. Dangerous Birds ‎【文章大意】短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。过去风能主要使用于海上航行和水利灌溉，而现在主要用风力发电。风能是一种非常清洁的能源。也是一种非常流行的能源。还介绍了风车一些弊端。风力发电越来越普遍，目前，80多个国家使用风力发电。世界上约2.5%的电力来自风能。‎ ‎23. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.＂ 旧风车杀死鸟是因为它们旋转得很快。新的风车旋转缓慢，对鸟类来说并不危险。故答案为B。‎ ‎24. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子＂For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water.＂几千年来，人们借助风帆来航行和通过风车来灌溉。因此借助风力至少有一千多年的历史，答案是D。‎ ‎25. D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的句子＂Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time.＂风不会一直吹，所以我们不能一直使用风力。故答案为D。‎ ‎26. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子＂Wind power is a very popular source of energy.＂可知，风能是一种非常流行的能源，A选项错误；根据第二段中的句子＂Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.＂可知风能很便宜，而且越来越便宜。B选项正确，D选项错误；根据最后一句＂Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.＂风力发电为丹麦提供了超过25%的电力。C选项错误。故答案选B。‎ ‎27. C【解析】标题归纳题。短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。风能是一种非常清洁的能源，也是一种非常流行的能源。故答案为C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 标题归纳题是阅读理解中常见的一个题型，这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头，首先点明本段大意，有时在结尾，总结本段大意。例如第5小题，文章的中心思想贯穿一二段的开头，风能是一种非常清洁的能源。也是一种非常流行的能源。故答案为C。‎ ‎（七）【2019 • 江苏省宿迁市】‎ ‎ Technology is developing fast and it has become an important part of our life. Then what will the world be like in the future?‎ ‎ 3-D food will be both delicious and nutritious(有营养的). We can use 3-D printers to print some basic materials. ① And we can go further. Scientists believe that we just need to turn on a printer in the kitchen and then we can enjoy our favourite food whenever we like.‎ ‎ ② 5G network will allow many more people to get information. Big companies like China Mobile and China Unicom will start to offer 5G. It is said that promises download speeds 10 to 20 times faster than 4G. For example, we can download a film within just 1 second. But with a 4G network, it takes a few minutes. There will be much bandwidth(带宽) and we can get unlimited(无限的) information.‎ ‎ Underwater cities will provide more space. The earth is becoming more and more crowded. We may turn to underwater homes, which will be built as low as 15 of the sea can be used to provide power for the homes.‎ ‎ ③ For us common people on the earth, the dream of travelling around space will come true. In the coming years, spacecraft will be as popular as buses, trains and planes. We can leave our home and enter space to take an adventure (冒险). And even we will get used to living there.‎ ‎ A robot will be a part of life. Robots can do many of the same things as we humans do like driving cars. But they will be used in other areas as well. They will be able to think. They can tell the difference between right and wrong. They can feel ④ In a word, just as Jules Verne said, ＂Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.＂‎ ‎28. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the future world is TRUE?‎ A. 3-D food will be easy to make but won’t taste good.‎ B. With 5G, users will get only a little information.‎ C. Underwater cities will provide more living space.‎ D. A robot will do everything for us as human beings.‎ ‎29. Where can the sentence ＂Space tour will be a piece of cake.＂ Be put?‎ A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④‎ ‎30. What can we infer(推断) from the passage?‎ A. people will live a hard life in the future.‎ B. Technology will make our future better.‎ C. People will have no real friend in the future.‎ D. Technology will make no difference to our future.‎ ‎31. Where does the passage probably come from?‎ A. A storybook. B. A film poster.‎ C. A travel guide. D. A science magazine.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是科普文，从3D食物美味又营养、5G网络将使更多的人获得信息、水下城市将提供更多的空间、太空旅行梦想成真和机器人将成为生活的一部分五个方面，介绍了科技将使我们的未来生活更美好。‎ ‎28. C【解析】题意：根据短文，下列哪个关于未来世界的陈述是正确的?考查细节理解。A. 3D食物制作起来很容易，但味道不会很好。B. 有了5G，用户只会得到很少的信息。C. 水下城市将提供更多的生活空间。D. 机器人会为我们人类做任何事情。A、B、D三项叙述与短文不符，根据第4段首句Underwater cities will provide more space.可知选C。‎ ‎29. C【解析】题意：＂Space tour will be a piece of cake＂这句话能放在哪里呢？考查综合理解。根据For us common people on the earth, the dream of travelling around space will come true.可知本段介绍的是太空旅游，Space tour will be a piece of cake（太空游将是小菜一碟）符合段意，故选C。‎ ‎30. B【解析】题意：我们能从这篇文章中推断出什么?考查细节判断。根据短文第2/3/4/5各段所介绍的未来生活的便利，可知科技将使我们的未来生活更美好，Technology will make our future better.符合文意，故选B。‎ ‎31. D【解析】题意：这篇文章可能来自哪里?考查来源判断。A. 一个故事书。B. 一张电影海报。C. 旅游指南。D. 一本科学杂志。根据Technology is developing fast and it has become an important part of our life. Then what will the world be like in the future?可知本文应该来自科学杂志，故选D。‎ ‎（八）【2019 • 山东省滨州市】‎ ‎ ‎ On April 19th, a pottery(陶器) exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Experimental Valley School. Many pieces of pottery in different sizes were shown at the school. Some were a bit broken, but all of them were beautiful works of art created by the students.‎ At the end of last year, the school started a project that called on teachers to collect disused or broken pieces of pottery from the countryside. So far, they have collected about 3,000 pieces.‎ ‎"Pottery used to play an important role in the daily lives of Chinese people." school head Ma Guoxin told the reporter. "By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways. They can better understand the history of the pottery, put their creativity into the pottery and show the love for life and beauty. "‎ Students turned the pottery into different works of art .They were all encouraged to paint pictures on the pottery, even though some students didn’t know how to paint. Wang Zixuan, a student from Grade Eight, with little knowledge of painting, painted a beautiful night scenery on a piece of pottery. It was so nice that many students loved it.‎ Almost every classroom has coloured pieces of pottery. They are either used as flowerpots or pen containers（笔筒）. The school has also set up several art corners to show the pottery. For example, the students have put up some pottery on bookcases outside of a lecture hall（报告厅） It has become an enjoyable place for students to rest and read.‎ ‎32. On April 19th, a ___________ exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Valley Experiment School.‎ A. flower B. film C. pottery D. costume ‎33. According to the passage, ___________ were encouraged to paint the pottery.‎ A. the students who painted very well B. the students who got good grades C. the students who didn’t know how to paint D. all the students in the school ‎34. By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways EXCEPT ___________.‎ A. knowing how to collect pottery B. better understanding the history of the pottery C. putting their creativity into the pottery D. showing the love for life and beauty ‎35. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. The school has collected about 2,000 pieces of pottery so far.‎ B. Wang Zixuan was a student from Grade Seven.‎ C. We can’t find any coloured pottery in their classrooms.‎ D. The students enjoy resting and reading at the art corners.‎ ‎36. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?‎ A. Sports news. B. Traditional art.‎ C. Healthy living. D. Popular music.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是新闻类阅读，报道了武汉光谷实验学校举办的陶艺作品展，介绍了老旧陶器如何在学生手中变身艺术品和陶艺绘画的作用以及对学生学习的重要影响。‎ ‎32. C【解析】题意：4月19日，武汉光谷实验学校举办了陶艺展。考查细节理解。根据开头On April 19th, a pottery exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Experimental Valley School.可知选C。‎ ‎33. D【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，学校鼓励所有的学生画陶器。考查细节理解。根据Students turned the pottery into different works of art .They were all encouraged to paint pictures on the pottery, even though some students didn’t know how to paint.可知学校鼓励所有的学生画陶器，故选D。‎ ‎34. A【解析】题意：除题意：除了_________，学生们可以通过陶艺绘画在许多方面提高自己。考查细节判断。A. 学习如何收集陶器；B. 更好地了解陶器的历史；C. 把他们的创造力注入陶器；D. 表现出对生命和美的热爱。根据By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways. They can better understand the history of the pottery, put their creativity into the pottery and show the love for life and beauty.学生们可以通过陶艺绘画更好地了解陶器的历史，把自己的创造力融入到陶器中，表现出对生命和美的热爱，可知BCD三项说法正确；knowing how to collect pottery（了解如何收集陶器）没有提及，说法错误，故选A。‎ ‎35. D【解析】题意：根据短文，下列哪个选项是正确的?考查细节判断。A. 到目前为止，学校已经收集了大约2000件陶器；根据So far, they have collected about 3,000 pieces.可知说法错误。B. 王子轩是一名七年级的学生；根据Wang Zixuan, a student from Grade Eight,可知说法错误。C. 我们在他们的教室里找不到任何彩陶；根据Almost every classroom has coloured pieces of pottery.可知说法错误。D. 学生们喜欢在艺术角休息和阅读；根据The school has also set up several art corners to show the pottery. For example, the students have put up some pottery on bookcases outside of a lecture hall. It has become an ‎ enjoyable place for students to rest and read.可知说法正确。综合以上分析，故选D。‎ ‎36. B【解析】题意：我们可以在报纸的哪个部分读到这篇文章?考查来源判断。A. 体育新闻。B. 传统艺术。C. 健康生活。D. 流行音乐。根据Many pieces of pottery in different sizes were shown at the school. Some were a bit broken, but all of them were beautiful works of art created by the students.可知陶艺作品是艺术品，故选B。‎ ‎（九）【2019 • 重庆市中考】‎ ‎ More than 330 million visitors are expected to take part in the 19th National Science and Technology Week in China from May 19 to 26.‎ During the science week, open days will be held to let people experience how science and technology have improved our live. Around 50,000 scientists will enter schools and villages to educate and work together with local people.‎ The science week this is a big one because it will show China’s recent scientific achievements. And this year China will celebrate its 70th birthday. It’s an important year for the purpose of building a well-off society(小康社会) by 2020. Since there are still some poor areas in China, science and technology will be very helpful in their development.‎ Reaching out to the world is also a best part of this year. Expert(专家) from 13 countries within the Belt and Road(一带一路) will take part in the science week and they will also work with the public.‎ ‎37. The 19th National Science and Technology Week will start on ___________ in China.‎ A. May 19 B. May 20 C. May 25 D. May 26‎ ‎38. Many scientists will enter school and villages to ___________.‎ A. sell the latest products to local people B. learn more about the local environment C. collect money for their scientific research D. educate and work together with local people ‎39. According to the passage, the science week this year will ___________.‎ A. send scientists out to the world B. show China’s recent scientific achievements C. see new schools built in village D. improve the social abilities of Chinese people ‎40. This passage is most probably ___________.‎ A. a piece of news B. a piece of advice C. a story D. a letter ‎【文章大意】短文介绍了第19届中国科技周，届时将有超过3.3‎ 亿游客参加。在科学周期间，将举行开放日，让人们体验科学和技术如何改善我们的生活。将展示中国最近的科学成就。来自13个国家的专家们将参加科技周，他们也将与公众一起工作。‎ ‎37. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子＂More than 330 million visitors are expected to take part in the 19th National Science and Technology Week in China from May 19 to 26.＂可知，第19届中国科技周于5月19日开始，故答案为A。‎ ‎38. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子＂Around 50,000 scientists will enter schools and villages to educate and work together with local people.＂大约5万名科学家将进入学校和村庄，与当地人一起教育和工作。故答案为D。‎ ‎39. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂The science week this is a big one because it will show China’s recent scientific achievements.＂可知，今年的科技周将展示中国最近的科学成就。故答案为B。‎ ‎40. A【解析】推理判断题。短文向我们介绍了第19届中国科技周的举办时间，活动内容，来自一带一路13个国家的专家们也将参加本届科技周。由此判断这段文章很可能是一则新闻，故答案为A。‎