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新教材高中英语Unit1课件 人教版必修第二册
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Section B Reading and Thinking 核心词汇 词汇一 give way to 让步;屈服 ◆教材原句 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new... 旧事物必须让步于新事物的时代来到了 …… ◆要点必记 give in 让步,屈服,投降;呈交,交上 give in to... 向 …… 屈服 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 give away 泄露;赠送,分发 give back 归还;使恢复 give out 用完,耗尽;分发,散发 give off 发出,放出(光、热、气味等) 题组练 · 领悟方法 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Would you please give way other passengers? ( 2 ) The children were required to give their examination papers straight away. ( 3 ) If a person has not had enough sleep , his actions will give him during the day. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) He should ______ ______ ______ (让位于) a younger , more decisive leader. ( 5 ) If you identify your way , the world is going to _____ _____ ______ (给 …… 让路) you. to in away give way to give way to 词汇二 balance ( 1 ) n. 平衡;均匀 ( 2 ) vt. 使平衡 ◆教材原句 Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在文化遗址的保护和进步之间找到并保持适当的平衡是一个巨 大的挑战。 ◆要点必记 keep ( one’s ) balance 保持平衡 lose ( one’s ) balance 失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 保持 A 与 B 之间的平衡 the balance of nature 自然界的平衡 ◆词语积累 balanced adj. 平衡的,均衡的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] While promoting economy we should keep balance between development and protection. ( 2 ) My mother always tries her best to provide a ( balance ) diet for Dad and me. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) [ 2015· 湖北卷] When he was running after his brother , the boy ______ _______ ________ (失去平衡) and had a bad fall. ( 4 )[词汇复现] This umbrella is likely to help you_______ _______ ________ (保持平衡) . ( 5 ) Many approaches have been tried to _______ ______ ______ ______ (保持自然界的平衡) . ( 6 ) It is pretty important for teenagers to have_______ _______ ________ ( 均衡饮食) . keep your balance a balanced lost his balance keep the balance of nature a balanced diet 词汇三 lead to ( 1 )导致,造成(后果) ( 2 )通向,通往 ◆教材原句 Big challenges , however , can sometimes lead to great solutions. 然而,巨大的挑战有时能带来非常好的解决方案。 ◆要点必记 lead to the traffic accident 导致这场交通事故 lead to health problem 引起健康问题 lead to the top of the hill 通往山顶 ◆学法点拨 “导致,引起”的多种表达: result in ; bring about ; contribute to ◆写出 lead to 在句中的意思 ( 1 ) Some people fear that air pollution may lead to changes in the climate around the world. ( 2 ) All roads lead to Rome. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) War never settles anything. It only (导致暴力) . ( 4 ) It doesn’t matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads (通向公园) . 导致 通向 leads to violence lead to the park 词汇四 in order to 为了,以便(表示目的) ◆教材原句 ...the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods... …… 埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝,以控制洪水 …… ◆要点必记 in order to / so as to 为了,以便(表示目的) ◆学法点拨 动词不定式的一个主要作用,是在句中作目的状语。 in order to 与 so as to 则使目的更加明确。 ( 1 ) in order to 可以放在句首或句中,否 定形式是 in order not to 。 ( 2 ) so as to 一般不放在句首,否定形式是 so as not to 。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Mary jogs every morning in order ( keep ) fit. ( 2 ) All these gifts must be mailed immediately in order ( receive ) in time. ( 3 ) In order not ( sink ), the clever schoolboy tied himself to a barrel. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) _______ ______ ______ (为了) find the missing child , the villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours. ( 5 ) He worked extra hours _______ ______ ______ (为了完成) the task ahead of time. ( 6 ) _______ ______ ______ (为了) get to the company on time , we have got to set out early in the morning. ( 7 )[ 2015· 湖北卷] _______ ______ ______ ______ ________ (为了不被听到), she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs. to keep to be received to sink In order to 写作 in order to finish / so as to finish In order to In order not to be heard 词汇五 proposal n. 提议;建议 ◆教材原句 But the proposal led to protests. 但该提议引发了抗议。 ◆要点必记 make a proposal 提出建议 put forward/submit a proposal 提出 / 提交建议 come up with a proposal 想到一个提议 draw up a proposal 起草提案 ◆词语积累 propose v. 提议,建议;打算 ◆学法点拨 propose (建议)后的宾语从句及 proposal 后的同位语或表语从句应使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“ should+ 动词原 形”, should 可以省略。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The proposal that we ( send ) another satellite into space is to be discussed at the meeting ( 2 ) In his speech he proposed that the UN ( set ) up an emergency centre for the environment. ( 3 ) The ( propose ) he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. ◆单句写作 ( 4 )[词汇复现] Experts investigated the issue , conducted several tests , and then______ _____ ______ (提建议) to the committee . ( 5 ) They_______ ______ _____ ________ (提出建议) for a joint research project. a proposal made put forward a proposal ( should ) send ( should ) set proposal 词汇六 protest ( 1 ) n. 抗议 ( 2 ) vi. & vt. (公开)反对;抗议 ◆教材原句 But the proposal led to protests . 但该提议引发了抗议。 ◆要点必记 ( a ) protest ( n. ) against sth. 对某事的抗议 ( a ) protest from 来自 …… 的抗议 without protest 一声不吭地 ignore one’s protests 不顾某人的反对 a storm of protest 一片强烈的抗议 protest ( vi . ) against sth. 抗议某事 单句写作 ( 1 ) People held (对 …… 的抗议游行) the war. ( 2 ) He accepted his punishment_________ ________ (一声不吭地) . a protest march against without protest 词汇七 likely ( 1 ) adj. 可能的 ( 2 ) adv. 可能地 ◆教材原句 Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples... 大坝的水可能会破坏许多寺庙 …… ◆要点必记 be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事 It’s likely that... 很可能 …… It’s more likely that... 更可能 …… Not likely! 绝对不可能!才不呢!(表示坚决不同意) ◆句式比较 It is likely/possible/probable that... (√) It is possible ( for sb. ) to do sth. (√) Sb. /Sth. is likely to do sth. (√) Sb. /Sth. is possible/probable to do sth. ( × ) 说明: likely 既可用人又可用物作主语; possible 和 probable 作表语时不能用人或物作主语。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[ 2016· 全国 Ⅱ 卷] If you find something you love doing outside of the office , you’ll be less likely ( bring ) your work home. ( 2 ) It is likely virtual reality will become a part of modern life in the near future. ◆辨析填空( possible/likely/probable ) ( 3 ) It is highly that he will take over his father’s business. ( 4 ) He is to make rapid progress in English because he is studying hard. ( 5 ) It is for you to grow this flower even in winter. ( 6 )[ 2015· 四川卷] Brian is gifted in writing music ; he is very to be a Beethoven. to bring that likely/possible/probable likely possible likely 词汇八 turn to ( to 是介词)( 1 )向 …… 求助 ( 2 )致力于 ( 3 )翻到 ( 4 )转向 ◆教材原句 ...the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. …… 政府于 1959 年向联合国寻 求 帮助。 ◆要点必记 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off 关掉(水、煤气、电灯等) turn up 调高;出现 turn down 调低;拒绝 turn in 上交;交还 turn into 变成 turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 翻转;移交 ◆单句写作 ( 1 )[词汇复现] About this issue , the citizens______ _______the government_______ ________ (向 …… 寻求帮助) . ( 2 ) This organization is now______ ______ ______ ________ ________ (致力于提高空气质量) . ( 3 ) ______ ______ (翻到) Page 80 , please. ( 4 ) Go straight , then __ ____ ______ ________ _________ (向左转) and you’ll find the post office. ◆单句语法填空 ( 5 ) With no one to turn in such a frightening situation , the girl felt helpless. ( 6 ) The road conditions there turned to be very good , which was more than we could expect. ( 7 )[ 2015· 天津卷] Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. turned to for help turning to improving air quality Turn to turn to the left to out down 词汇九 establish vt. ( 1 )建立;创立( =found ) ( 2 )查实,确定 ◆教材原句 A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (联合国) 成立了 一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑物的破坏,防止文物的损失。 ◆要点必记 establish funds 设立基金 establish whether/if... 确定是否 …… establish relations/links/contact ( with sb. ) (与某人)建立联系 ◆词语辨析 establish , set up 与 open · establish 与 set up 均表示“ 建立,设立 (公司、机构)”, set up 不如 establish 正式,是日常英语中的常用短语; · open 开设,开办(向公众提供服务的企业,如商店、餐馆、酒店等)。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) He ( establish ) a new research centre in Beijing last year. ( 2 ) Our goal is ( establish ) a new research centre in the country. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) I wondered why he should bother to try and________ _______ ________ (和 …… 取得联系) me. ( 4 ) I was never able to (确定是否) she was telling the truth. ( 5 ) It will be essential to (搞清楚如何) the money is being spent. established to establish establish contact with establish whether/if establish how 词汇十 limit ( 1 ) n. 限度;限制 ( 2 ) vt. 限制;限定 ◆要点必记 beyond /over the limit 超过限度 within/without limits 适度地 / 无节制地 to the limit 达到极限 set a limit to/on 设定 …… 的限度 There is a/no limit to... …… 是有 / 无限度的。( to 是介词) be limited to 限定在 …… limit... to... ( =be limited to ) 把 …… 限制在 …… 内 limit sb. to ( doing ) sth. 限制某人(做)某事 ◆词语积累 limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) There is a limit what one person can tolerate. ( 2 ) Time is ( limit ) and let’s come straight to the point. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) ( …… 是有限的) my patience. ( 4 ) The damage (限于) the roof. ( 5 ) We should ( 限制) what our children can do. ( 6 ) We must the composition (把 …… 限制在) 1 , 000 words. ( 7 ) 你如果努力的话,成就不可估量。 __________________________________________________________________ There is no limit to what you can do if you are hard-working. to/on limited There is a limit to was limited to set a limit to/on limit to 词汇十一 prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠→ prevention n. 阻止 ◆单句写作 ( 1 )[词汇复现] We must do our best to these historic sites ______ _______ (阻止 …… 消失) . ◆单句语法填空 ( 2 )[ 2015· 陕西卷] The destruction of such species could prevent resear-chers from ( find ) cures for certain diseases. ( 3 ) This disease’s control and ( prevent ) is a challenge to China as well as the whole world. finding prevention prevent from disappearing 词汇十二 loss n. 丧失;损失 ◆教材原句 A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (联合国) 成立了一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑物的破坏,防止文物的损失。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) suffer great loss 蒙受巨大的损失 at a loss 不知所措 a sense of loss 失落感 ( 2 ) lose vt. 失去 lost adj. 丢失的,走失的 get lost 走失 be lost in 陷入;全神贯注于,沉浸在 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) When his best friend left him , he felt a sense of ( lose ) . ( 2 )[词汇复现] His careless conduct led to the ( lose ) of the documents . ( 3 ) ( lose ) in thought , he was nearly knocked down by a running car. ( 4 ) They got ( lose ) in the forest. What’s worse , it began raining heavily. ( 5 ) I am at loss what I will take up in the university. loss loss Lost lost a 词汇十三 contribution n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠 ◆教材原句 The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. 该小组需要各部门提供捐助,并在国际社会内筹集资金。 ◆要点必记 make a contribution/contributions to/ towards... 为 …… 作贡献 ◆词语积累 contribute vi. & vt. 捐献;捐助 contribute...to... 把 …… 捐献 / 贡献给 …… ;向 …… 投稿 contribute to 促成;有助于;导致 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) This programme could not have been successful without Ken’s valuable _________ ( contribute ) . ( 2 ) I think everyone should make a contribution to ( protect ) the environment. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) The school sees its job as preparing students to _______ _______ _______ _______ __________ (为社会做贡献) . ( 4 ) Eating too much fat can_______ ________ (导致) heart disease and cause high blood pressure. contribute to ◆语境串记 Many people ( 5 ) money ( 6 ) the poor boy , which ( 7 ) his return to school. A writer wrote a story about this and ( 8 ) it ( 9 ) a press. 许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款, 这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。 contributed to contributed to contributed to 词汇十四 within prep. & adv. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 ◆要点必记 within one’s reach 在某人够得着的范 围内 within one’s power 在某人的能力范围内 within one’s rights 在某人的权限内 within one’s grasp 在某人掌控的范围内 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The beach is walking distance of my house and we can hear the sound of the sea. ( 2 ) I don’t think it is your power to carry on the research. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) —I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas? — How about the Moon Lake? It is (在 …… 附近) the city. within within within easy reach of 词汇十五 investigate vi. & vt. 调查;研究 ◆教材原句 Experts investigated the issue , conducted several tests , and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. 专家们调查了这个问题,进行了几次测试,然后就如何拯救这些建筑物提出了建议。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) investigate sb. for sth. 因为某事调查 某人 investigate possible links between the murders 调查这些谋杀案之间可能的关联 ( 2 ) investigation n. (正式的)调查,侦查 under investigation 正在调查中 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] This department is established ( investigate ) the matter. ( 2 ) They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the ( investigate ), or they would have come to our help. ◆单句写作 ( 3 )他们还在调查这个事故。 They still . ( 4 ) 整个事件仍在调查中。 The whole issue still . 【 答案 】 ( 1 ) to investigate ( 2 ) investigation ( 3 ) are , investigating the accident ( 4 ) is , under investigation 词汇十六 conduct ( 1 ) n. 行为;举止;管理方法 ( 2 ) vt. 组织;安排;带领 ◆要点必记 improper/violent conduct 不恰当的 / 暴力的行为 conduct an experiment 进行实验 conduct a survey 进行调查 conduct a thorough/complete/total review 进行一次彻底的审查 conduct activities 开展活动 conduct sb. into... 领某人进入 …… conduct sb. through 领某人穿过 conduct sb. around 引领某人参观 conduct sb. to the teacher 带某人去见老师 conduct an orchestra 指挥管弦乐队 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Experiments of this kind ( conduct ) in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War. ( 2 )[ 2016· 浙江卷] To return to the problem of water pollution , I’d like you to look at a study ____________ ( conduct ) in Australia in 2012. ( 3 ) The violence ( conduct ) by the strikers has a bad effect on the local economy. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) He (带领我们穿过) his personal gallery of the American Civil War. ( 5 ) The guide (引领我们参观) the ruins of the ancient city. had been conducted conducted conducted conducted us through conducted us around 词汇十七 donate vt. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血) ◆教材原句 Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. 50 个国家向该项目捐赠了近 8 000 万美元。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) donate...to... 向 …… 捐赠 …… ( 2 ) donation n. 捐助 make a donation/donations ( to )向 …… 捐赠 ◆学法点拨 donate... to... 类似结构: introduce...to... 向 …… 介绍 …… explain...to... 向 …… 解释 …… ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) At the news , many people all over the world donated their money those tsunami-hit (被海啸袭击的) areas. ( 2 ) He made a generous ( donate ) to the charity. ( 3 ) [词汇复现] If possible , we can donate money the committee. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) 他去年捐了五千美元给儿童医院。 He of $ 5 , 000 the Children’s Hospital last year. ( 5 ) I was surprised to learn that he $ 100 million (向 …… 捐献 …… ) the university. made a donation to donated to to donation to 词汇十八 disappear vi. 消失;灭绝;消亡 ◆教材原句 ...a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing . …… 一个防止世界各地文化遗产消失的项目。 ◆要点必记 disappear behind/into 消失在 …… 后 / 中 disappear from sight/view 从视线中消失 ◆词语积累 appear vi. 出现 appearance n. 出现;外表 disappearance n. 消失 ◆学法点拨 dis- 是否定前缀: like vt. → dislike vt. 不喜欢 agree v. → disagree vi. 不同意 honest adj. → dishonest adj. 不诚实的 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The train disappeared view and I knew my best friend would never come back. ( 2 ) I saw her step across the street and disappear the post office. ( 3 ) I watched him until he ( appear ) from sight in the distance. ( 4 ) Suddenly , a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away , ( disappear ) into the woods. ( 5 ) This book gives a detailed description about the ( disappear ) of this species. ◆单句写作 ( 6 ) She was amazed that the creature suddenly (从视线中消失了) . ( 7 ) The car finally (消失在黑暗中) . disappeared from sight/view disappeared into darkness from into disappeared disappearing disappearance 词汇十九 attempt n. & vt. 企图;试图;尝试 ◆教材原句 Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam? 为什么埃及政府想要建造 大坝? ◆要点必记 make an/no attempt to do/at doing 尝试做 ……/ 不尝试做 …… in an attempt to do 为了 …… at the first attempt 第一次尝试 attempt to do 尝试 / 试图做 …… ◆词语积累 attempted adj. 未遂的,企图的(置于名词前作定语) ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) I failed in my (试图说服她) . ( 2 ) I would be the last (尝试回答) the question. ( 3 ) Mike has been preparing carefully for his Chinese examination so that he could be sure of passing it (在他第一次尝试时) . ◆单句语法填空 ( 4 ) His first attempt passing the driving test was successful. ( 5 ) A man is being questioned in relation to the ( attempt ) murder last night. at attempted attempt to persuade her to attempt to answer at his first attempt 词汇二十 make sure 确保;设法保证;查明,弄清楚 ◆教材原句 We must protect the temple and make sure that no damage is done. 我们必须保护寺庙,确保不造成任何破坏。 ◆要点必记 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] The department is established to make sure everything goes well. ( 2 ) You’d better make sure the exact time of the arriving train. ( 3 ) She is not sure his getting his diploma. ( 4 ) Be sure ( be ) patient with your kids. ◆单句写作 ( 5 ) My assistant will help me (弄清楚) the time of the flight. ( 6 ) He (一定会) get nervous and say something stupid. that of of to be make sure of is sure to 词汇二十一 worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的 ◆教材原句 A lot of money was spent to protect the temples. Do you think it was worthwhile ? (人们)花了很多钱来保护寺庙。你觉得值得吗? ◆要点必记 做某事是值得的: ◆归纳拓展 be ( well ) worth reading/seeing/visiting (非常)值得读 / 看 / 参观 be worthy to be visited/be worthy of being visited 值得参观 ◆误区警示 worth 只能作表语,而 worthy 和 worth-while 除作表语之外还可作定语。 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) When you stand on the top of the mountain and overlook the surrounding scenery , you’ll find (爬 …… 是值得的) it up with effort. ◆单句语法填空 ( 2 ) It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular , and ( introduce ) better ones of your own. introducing it ( is ) worthwhile climbing/to climb ◆辨析填空( worth/worthwhile/worthy ) ( 3 ) Thankfully , I managed to get through the game and the pain was it in the end. ( 4 ) Chimps’ behaviour is of being studied. ( 5 )[词汇复现] As we all know , it is to preserve cultural relics and historic sites. ( 6 ) Mistakes don’t just happen ; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason , and then making the mistake becomes . worthwhile worthwhile worthy worth 重点句式 句式一 There comes... ( there be 句型的变式) ◆教材原句 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new... 旧事物必须让步于新事物的时代来 到了 …… ◆要点必记 There be 句型属于完全倒装结构,该句型中 be 还可用 appear , lie , live , stand , seem , remain , exist 等表示存在一类的动词替换。 There appear to be some mistakes in your composition. 看来你的作文中有几处 错误。 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) 很久以前森林里住着一位老人。 a man in the forest long ago. ( 2 ) 山顶上有一座庙。 a temple on the top of the mountain. ( 3 ) 对这个问题曾有不同看法。 different opinions on the problem. ( 4 ) 只剩 30 英镑了。 ed just thirty pounds. There existed There remained There lived There stands 句式二 not only...but ( also ) ... 不仅 …… 而且 …… ◆教材原句 Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past , but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不践踏过去遗迹的未来之路, 而且还认识到,各国有可能共同努力建设一个更美好的明天。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) not only... but ( also )连接两个分句且 not only... 位于句首时, not only 后的分句要用部分倒装语序,但 but ( also )后的分句不倒装,即“前倒后不倒”。 ( 2 ) Not only A but ( also ) B + 谓语动词 + 其他 . 中谓语动词的单复数由 B 决定, 即:就近原则。 ◆学法点拨 类似 not only... but ( also ) ... 连接并列主语,谓语动词的单复数依据“就近原则” 的结构还有: neither...nor.. either...or... not...but... ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Not only students but also the teacher ( compete ) in the sports event at the moment. ( 2 ) Either you or one of your students ( be ) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. ( 3 ) Not only you and I but also Peter , the top student in our school , ( be ) not able to solve the problem. ( 4 ) Not only my sister but also my parents ( like ) this TV play. ( 5 ) Not only the sun give us light , but ( also ) it gives us heat. is competing is is like does查看更多