高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅣGrammar&Writing练习 人教版选修8

高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅣGrammar&Writing练习 人教版选修8

Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing 课时作业 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 ‎1．She couldn't resist crying (cry) when her father objected to her going to the party. ‎ ‎2．The biggest disadvantage is that there are often limits on what you can sell with this approach. ‎ ‎3．(2017·皖北卷)I didn't say that I wanted to buy it but merely (mere) asked for the price. ‎ ‎4．I think it is her personality rather than her looks that has struck me. ‎ ‎5．My father forbids(forbid) me to play computer games unless I finish all my homework. ‎ ‎6．The wellknown scientist always says that he owes (owe) all his success to the support of his family. ‎ ‎7．It is reasonable (reason) to forgive him. After all, he is only a child. ‎ ‎8．Honey, look at your mistake in spelling this word, or you would have obtained (obtain) full marks in this exam. ‎ ‎9．Having retired(retire) from business, he now occupies himself with his garden. ‎ ‎10．It's reported that there's a big breakthrough in the cancer treatment. ‎ Ⅱ. 阅读理解 A Cloning has the potential to change society. For some, it's a welcome development designed to make our lives easier. For others, it represents a threat to the health and balance of society, especially from a moral perspective. Looking at these cloning pros and cons, it's important to consider the scientific, financial, and social aspects of cloning processes. ‎ From a scientific perspective, cloning can be considered major progress. Scientists aren't limited by population. It's also possible to clone pieces of living things. ‎ However, cloning changes the natural order of life and death. Why should scientists have to treat an animal well in the lab if they can just make more? As a result, scientists may become lazy or careless with the living things they work on. ‎ 7‎ Cloning is a major business. Medical research groups have invested millions of dollars in making cloning possible. As a result, they can make big profits from selling cloning services to hospitals and the public. However, the wealth they achieve doesn't mean that cloning itself is a profitable trial. For example, while a company may clone an organ, its price may be too high to afford. As a result, only rich people and governments could use cloning products. ‎ As a whole, cloning for society can be debated for hours. On one hand, you have religious groups, who say that cloning is wrong. On the other hand, you have many people who are looking forward to making clones of themselves so that the clone can serve as a worker and leave the original person to enjoy a life of relaxation and wealth. ‎ ‎【解题导语】　人们对克隆问题意见不统一， 有人赞成， 也有人反对。但作者认为应该全面思考克隆的问题。‎ ‎1．We can conclude from the first paragraph that ________. ‎ A．opinions about cloning vary from person to person B．more people think little of the benefits of cloning C．cloning has the potential to change society for better D．people should think of cloning in a more scientific way 解析：选A　推理判断题。从第一段的内容可知， 人们对克隆问题意见不统一， 有人赞成， 也有人反对。但作者认为应该全面思考克隆的问题。‎ ‎2. Why do some people think cloning has a bad effect on scientific experiments? ‎ A．More money may be spent in cloning other living things. ‎ B．Scientists will become careless with their experiments. ‎ C．Cloning may disturb the balance of nature and wildlife. ‎ D．Scientists may ignore the living things they work on. ‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。从第三段中的“As a result, scientists may become lazy or careless with the living things they work on. ”可知， 克隆用于科学实验时， 人们担心科学家们会忽视实验的对象。‎ ‎3. What is the disadvantage of cloning products put into the market? ‎ A．More fake cloning products will crowd into the market soon. ‎ B．Only a limited group would have access to cloning products. ‎ C．Patients have to buy cloning products from hospitals or governments. ‎ D．Scientists may pay attention to quantity of cloning products rather than quality. ‎ 7‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。从第四段中的“As a result, only rich people and governments could use cloning products. ”可知， 因为克隆成本高， 克隆产品投放到市场后， 并不是所有人都买得起， 只有有钱人和政府能够支付得起。‎ B Science and technology have advanced at such a rate that cloning has now become a reality. The possibility of cloning humans is a serious issue and raises ethical(伦理的) problems. In my opinion，cloning is useful for research into cures for disease. However，I think that it needs to be approached with caution and carefully monitored by governments. ‎ Research into cloning and stem cell production is primarily aimed at finding new treatments for currently incurable illnesses. While this would improve the quality of life for many, not enough is understood about what effects cloning would have on the world in the future. This is primarily because we do not understand enough about the results of cloning and both the physical and psychological effects that it is likely to have on cloned humans and on the rest of the world. Furthermore，it is thought that a cloned human would be unlikely to survive birth and would suffer from complications (并发症) resulting from malformed(畸形) organs. ‎ There are also serious ethical issues in danger. In essence(在本质上), those who are against cloning would argue that scientists have no right to play God and to interfere(干扰)with natural processes. Producing embryos for the purpose of harvesting stem cells for research presents important questions about the nature and status of the embryo being produced. It may also make us question whether throwing it away after use reduces the value we place on human life. ‎ In conclusion，I do not agree that research into cloning using human embryos should continue. This is not only because it may reduce the value we place on human life，but also because not enough is known about the effects. However, I do think that if there is a way to produce stem cells using cloning which does not put human life at risk, then governments should continue to support it. ‎ ‎【解题导语】　这篇文章主要讲了作者对于克隆的观点。作者认为如果在可控范围内， 克隆对研究治愈疾病是非常有帮助的。作者认为如果干细胞研究对人类的生活无害，政府应该继续支持。 ‎ ‎4．What is the writer's general opinion on cloning?‎ A．It is useful in every area of research. ‎ B．It needs to be carefully controlled by governments. ‎ 7‎ C．It is useful for research into cures for disease if it is controlled. ‎ D．It is only useful for research into cures for disease. ‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In my opinion, cloning is useful for research into cures for disease. However, I think that it needs to be approached with caution and carefully monitored by governments. ” 可知，作者对于克隆的观点是， 如果在可控范围内， 它对研究治愈疾病是非常有帮助的。‎ ‎5. The underlined word “approached” in the first paragraph means “________”．‎ A．reached a high level or amount B．moved forward C．come near D．dealt with 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，作者认为克隆人的问题需要小心谨慎处理、对待， 可猜出“approach”意思是“处理，对待”。 ‎ ‎6. The writer's main reason against cloning is that ________. ‎ A．not enough is known about the effects of cloning ‎ B．a cloned human would be likely to die of malformed organs ‎ C．cloning has negative physical and psychological effects on clones ‎ D．it would affect the quality of life for many ‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...not enough is understood about what effects cloning would have on the world in the future. This is primarily because we do not understand enough about the results of cloning and both the physical and psychological effects that it is likely to have on cloned humans and on the rest of the world. ” 可知，作者反对克隆的主要原因是因为对于克隆的影响， 人们了解得不够多。‎ ‎7. In the last paragraph，the writer thinks governments should ________. ‎ A．not put human life at risk B．support all forms of research into stem cell production C．not support any form of research into stem cell production D．support research into stem cell production harmless to human life ‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However，I do think that if there is a way to produce stem cells using cloning which does not put human life at risk，then governments should continue to support it. ”可知，作者认为如果干细胞研究对人类的生活无害，政府应该继续支持。‎ Ⅲ. 语法填空 7‎ Discoveries about the nature of DNA in the 1940s made 1. ________ possible for cloning experiments to progress. In 1944 the discovery that genetic information for each cell was kept in the cell's DNA gave scientists new ways to attempt 2. ________ (clone) animals. ‎ The first cloned animal was a tadpole that was cloned in 1952. Thomas J．King and Robert W．Briggs believed，3. ________ (base) on their clones, the young cells were more viable (可生长发育的) for the cloning process than adult cells. ‎ The next successful cloning experiments also resulted 4. ________ cloned frogs. John Gurdon cloned South African frogs in 1962. His experiments proved that the previous theory that adult cells were 5. ________ (able) to be used in the cloning process was wrong. From 1962 to 1965, more frog clones 6. ________ (create) from adult frog cells. ‎ While animal cloning had been the focus of cloning 7. ________ (experiment)，the 1960s also saw other types of cloning. In 1964 F．C. Steward 8. ________ (undertake) an experiment in which he took an adult cell from a carrot plant and successfully cloned the plant. ‎ So far more than 20 different animals,9. ________(include) dogs, cats, and the famous Dolly, have been cloned,10. ________ human cloning research has been forbidden in many countries. ‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了DNA的发现给动物克隆提供了新方法。从1952年开始，到现在已经克隆了二十多种不同的动物，但对于人类的克隆在许多国家还是被禁止的。‎ ‎1．解析：make＋it＋形容词＋to do sth. 在此句式中it是形式宾语， 后面的动词不定式是真正的宾语。故填it。‎ 答案：it ‎2．解析：attempt to do sth. 意为“企图做某事”。故填to clone。‎ 答案：to clone ‎3．解析：过去分词短语作状语。(be) based on...意为“以……为基础”。‎ 答案：based ‎4. 解析：result in意为“引起，导致”。句意：接下来成功的克隆实验也会导致克隆青蛙。故填in。‎ 答案：in ‎5．解析：句意： 成熟的细胞不能用在克隆过程中的理论是错误的。故填unable。‎ 答案：unable 7‎ ‎6．解析：由前面的时间状语可知用一般过去时， 由clones与create的逻辑关系可知用被动语态。‎ 答案：were created ‎7．解析：experiment为可数名词， 前面没有冠词， 故应用复数形式。‎ 答案：experiments ‎8．解析：根据In 1964可知用一般过去时态， 故填undertook。‎ 答案：undertook ‎9．解析：本句中谓语为have been cloned, 由此可判断include要用非谓语动词形式； 此外， include与其逻辑主语构成主动关系， 故用现在分词形式。‎ 答案：including ‎10．解析：句意：已有20多种动物被克隆， 包括狗、猫和著名的多莉羊， 但是克隆人类的研究已经被禁止。根据句意可判断前后是转折关系， 故填but。‎ 答案：but Ⅳ. 书面表达 假定你是红星中学高三的学生李华，获悉美国某公益组织在北京的一家慈善基金会正在招聘实习生，主要负责翻译等工作。请写一封自荐信，申请成为该慈善基金会的实习生。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1．写信意图；‎ ‎2．提供至少三条自荐理由(例如：扎实的英语功底)；‎ ‎3．恳请获准。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：慈善基金会 charitable foundation；实习生intern Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I am writing to apply for working as an intern at your charitable foundation. ‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your reply. ‎ Sincerely，‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ 7‎ Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I am writing to apply for working as an intern at your charitable foundation.‎ I am presently a student of Senior 3. I can speak English fluently and I am often praised for my English writing as well. Besides, I am an active and enthusiastic person who enjoys working with different people and can adapt well to new situations. Charity is a noble cause, and I always have a strong passion for it. I believe that being an intern at your foundation will be a wonderful practice for me. I will be willing to send you any further information if you consider my request. ‎ Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your reply.‎ Sincerely，‎ Li Hua 7‎