2021届重庆市高考第一次预测性考试英语试题（教师版含解析）

2021届重庆市高考第一次预测性考试英语试题（教师版含解析）

2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(预测卷一) 第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题 和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.When will the woman meet John? A.On the 13th. B.On the 14th. C.On the 15th. 2.What are the speakers looking at? A.An iPhone 6S. B.An iPhone 6. C.An iPhone 6 Plus. 3.Where are the speakers? A.In a shop. B.In a car. C.At a Christmas party. 4.When will the man babysit? A.On Monday. B.On Wednesday. C.On Thursday. 5.What are the speakers talking about? A.A different job. B.The salary. C.A better position. 第二节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有 2 至 4 个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读各个小题； 听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6.What are the speakers doing? A.They are walking. B.They are sitting. C.They are planting. 7.According to the woman,what is to blame? A.Little animals. B.The small green plants. C.A plant with red leaves. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8.Which class is the man passing? A.History. B.Spanish. C.Math. 9.Why is the man failing many classes? A.He doesn’t work hard enough. B.He doesn’t understand the homework. C.His teachers don’t challenge him. 10.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Teacher and student. B.Mother and son. C.Brother and sister. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11.Who is Cameron? A.The speakers’nephew. B.The speakers’little brother. C.The speakers’child. 12.What will the theme of the party be? A.Train. B.Dinosaur. C.Pirate. 13.How do the speakers feel about gifts? A.They mean a lot to Cameron. B.Only books are encouraged. C.They aren’t welcome. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。 14.How long did it take to finish the paintings? A.3 years. B.5 years. C.10 years. 15.Why did the paintings need to be cleaned? A.Burning candles dirtied them. B.Tourists touched them too much. C.They were covered in dust from the stone carving. 16.Who might the woman be? A.A historian. B.A tourist. C.A guide. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17.When did the interview originally take place? A.In 2015. B.In 2012. C.In 2005. 18.Who is the woman? A.A reporter. B.A scientist. C.A student. 19.How did Sally Ride achieve her goal? A.By working hard. B.By wisely using the help she got. C.By trying to inspire others. 20.What is Sally Ride’s advice to others? A.Get at least two PhDs. B.Be strong and independent. C.Apply to NASA as early as possible. 第二部分 阅读 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Costa Book Awards consistently pick winners that are both of the moment and subsequently endure. It's our pleasure to confirm this year’s Category Winners. First Novel Award Winner Book: Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine Author: Gail Honeyman Eleanor is 31 years old; work finishes on a Friday and begins again on a Monday. Between, her only company will be two bottles of vodka and her own solitary, unique wit (机智). It is contentment, of a kind, but an unexpected shared experience suddenly opens the door to possibility. Challenging reader expectations with a living, breathing character, Gail Honeyman’s debut (初次登台、开张)is a funny and moving diamond. Biography Award Winner Book: In the Days of Rain Author: Rebecca Stott The Exclusive Brethren were a closed community who believed the world is ruled by Satan. Into this is born Rebecca. Her father had been an influential Brethren Minister. As her father lay dying, he begged her to help him write the memoir. He wanted to tell the story of their family who for generations had all been members of a fundamentalist Christian sect. Poetry Award Winner Book: Inside the Wave Author: Helen Dunmore To be alive is to be inside the wave, always travelling until it breaks and is gone. These poems are concerned with the borderline between the living and the dead — the underworld and the human living world – and the acutely intense being of both. Children's Award Winner Book: The Explorer Author: Katherine Rundell, Hannah Horn Four children survive their aircraft plunging into the Amazon jungle, but for Fred and his friends it’s only the beginning of a cruel battle for survival. Brimming with adventure and a real command of character and incident, Rundell has few peers in superb children's fiction. 1. What kind of life does Eleanor lead? A. boring and lonely. B. funny and touching. C. exciting and complex. D. ordinary and happy. 2. Why did Rebecca Stott write In the Days of Rain? A. To introduce beliefs of the Exclusive Brethren. B. To help her father fulfill his last wish. C. To share the life of fundamentalist Christians. D. To pass on her family traditions. 3. For a young adventurous soul, which book seems more appealing? A. Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine B. In the Days of Rain C. Inside the Wave D. The Explorer 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章给读者介绍了四本获奖的书籍，包括它们的书名、作者以及内容等。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 First Novel Award Winner 部分的 Eleanor is 31 years old; work finishes on a Friday and begins again on a Monday. (31 岁的 Eleanor，周五结束一周的工作，星期一又开始。)和 It is contentment, of a kind, but an unexpected shared experience suddenly opens the door to possibility.(这是从某方面来说是一种满足，但是一 个意外的分享经历突然打开了可能性的大门)可推测，Eleanor 过着平淡而幸福的生活。D. ordinary and happy.(普通而幸福)符合以上说法，故选 D 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Biography Award Winner 部分的 Her father had been an influential Brethren Minister. As her father lay dying, he begged her to help him write the memoir. (她的父亲曾是一位有影响力的牧师，当她的父亲 在弥留之际，他恳求她帮他写回忆录)可知，Rebecca Stott 写 In the Days of Rain 是为了完成父亲的遗愿。B. To help her father fulfill his last wish.(为了帮助她的父亲实现最后的愿望)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Children's Award Winner 部分的 Four children survive their aircraft plunging into the Amazon jungle, but for Fred and his friends it's only the beginning of a cruel battle for survival. (飞机坠入亚马逊丛林，四 个孩子幸免遇难，但对弗雷德和他的朋友们来说，这只是残酷的生存之战的开始)可知，The Explorer 这本书 主要讲述了四个孩子的冒险生存的经历。由此推测，The Explorer 对喜欢冒险的孩子来说有吸引力。D. The Explorer 符合以上说法，故选 D 项。 B We are in lack of enough sleep，according to Arianna Huffington,the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post.And this has great consequences on our health,our job performance，our relationships and our happiness.What is needed,she boldly declares,is nothing short of a sleep revolution.Only by renewing our relationship with sleep can we take back control of ourlives. In her bestseller Thrive,Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through well being,wisdom,wonder,and giving.Her discussion of the importance of sleep as a gateway to this more fulfilling way of living struck such a powerful chord(弦)that she realized the mystery and transformative power of sleep called for a fuller investigation(调查). The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles,from the history of sleep,to the role of dreams in our lives,to the consequences of sleep deprivation(剥夺)，and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of our health—from weight gain,diabetes,and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimer's. In The Sleep Revolution,Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives.She explores all the latest science on what exactly is going on while we sleep and dream.She decides the dangerous sleeping pill industry,and all the ways of our addiction to technology disturb our sleep.She also offers a range of recommendations and tips from leading scientists on how we can get better and more restorative sleep. 4. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The importance of sleep. B. The necessity of improving sleep. C. The way to improve our sleep. D. The effect of sleep on health. 5. What can be inferred about Arianna’s attitude to success? A. She thinks good sleep is more important. B. She doesn’t think much of becoming successful. C. She thinks it wrong to sacrifice health to success. D. She is concerned about the nature of success. 6. What can be said about Arianna’s investigation? A. It is really of great value. B. It is scientific and historical. C. It costs Arianna’s sleep in practice. D. It covers all necessary aspects scientifically, 7. What influence does The Sleep Revolution have on society? A. It helps to slow down the pace of modern life. B. It warns people against taking sleeping pills. C. It warns the harm of inadequate sleep of people. D. It helps to stress the value of sleep to success. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了阿丽亚娜·赫芬顿的睡眠革命。分析了缺乏睡眠对健康，生活等的危害，呼吁人 们重视睡眠。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的 We are in lack of enough sleep，according to Arianna Huffington,the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post.And this has great consequences on our health,our job performance，our relationships and our happiness.What is needed,she boldly declares,is nothing short of a sleep revolution.( 根据赫 芬顿邮报的联合创始人兼总编辑阿丽亚娜·赫芬顿的说法，我们缺乏足够的睡眠，这对我们的健康、工作表 现、人际关系和幸福都有很大的影响。她大胆地宣称，现在需要的是一场睡眠革命)可推断，本段主要讲述 改善睡眠的重要性。故选 B。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的 In her bestseller Thrive,Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through well being,wisdom,wonder,and giving.(在她的畅销书《茁壮成长》中，阿丽亚娜写道，我们需要通过幸福、智慧、 奇迹和奉献来重新定义成功)可推断，她对于成功的态度是关注成功的本质。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles, from the history of sleep, to the role of dreams in our lives ,to the consequences of sleep deprivation(剥夺)，and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of our health—from weight gain, diabetes, and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimer's.(其结果是从 睡眠史、梦在我们生活中的作用、睡眠剥夺的后果等各个角度对睡眠进行了科学而全面的个人探索，睡眠 科学的新黄金时代显示了睡眠在我们每一个清醒时刻和我们健康的每一个方面所扮演的重要角色——从体 重增加、糖尿病、心脏病到癌症和老年痴呆症)可推断，Arianna 的调查科学的覆盖了所有必要的方面。故 选 D。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 In The Sleep Revolution, Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives.(在睡眠革 命中，阿丽亚娜展示了随着时间被浪费，我们对睡眠的文化去除是如何损害我们的健康、决策和工作生活， 缩短我们的个人生活的)可推断，睡眠革命警告人们没有充足睡眠的危害。故选 C。 C At the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”. If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050. Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels. There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of the United States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century. In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”. 8. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea? A. It was published in a journal. B. It was proposed last summer. C. It was put forward by Trump. D. It drew lots of public attention. 9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy. B. An example of balancing carbon release. C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell. D. A responsibility for politicians and economists. 10. What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration? A. Indifferent. B. Opposed. C. Hesitant. D. Supportive. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting. B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue. C. Planting Trees Won't Save the World. D. The Best Solution to Climate Change. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】 本文为一篇议论文。文章论述了作者不赞成美国总统 Trump 响应 “种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议， 作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.去 年夏天，发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究得出结论，大量种树是“迄今为止最有效的气候变化解决方案”， 这 “一万亿棵树”的想法赢得了广泛关注。可知，一万亿树的想法引起了公众的广泛关注。故选 D 项。 【9 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段 Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. 把树木作为解决气候变化的主要办法是一种危险的转移。更糟糕的是，它把注意力从那些对碳排放负责的 人身上移开，正是这些人把我们推向灾难。因此，第 3 段主要论述了以植树来保护环境的缺点。故选 A 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration( 复 原 ) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”. Justin Gillis 在《科学》杂志上发表了与去年夏天《科学》 杂志公布的研究结果截然相反的观点，他认为去年夏天公布的那个研究结果是不符合地球碳循环动力学的。 同时，他发出警告：通过植树来解决气候问题是不科学的，是错误的，是危险的，是具有误导性的。推测， Justin Gillis 对植树提议是持反对态度的。故选 B 项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。结合全文，文章论述了作者不赞成美国总统 Trump 响应 “种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡 议，作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放，种树的想法是不科学的，且具有误导性。C 项“植树不会拯救世界。”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选 C 项。 D The Jewish(犹太人)family-had-just finished supper and the woman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even gloomier than in the main room.It was their third apartment since the start of the war,they had abandoned the other two in a hurry.The woman came back into the room and sat down again at the table.The 3-year-old boy sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed on his father,but it was obvious that he was so sleepy that he could barely sit up. The man was smoking a cigarette.His eyes were blood-shot and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun soon after they fled the second apartment. It was late,past ten o'clock and they could have gone to sleep,but first they had to play the game that they had been playing every day for two weeks.Even though the man tried his best and he moved very quickly,the fault was his and not the child's.The boy was.marvelous.Seeing his father put out his cigarette,he opened his blue eyes even wider.The woman,who didn't actually take part in the game, stroked the boy's hair. “We'll play the key game just one more time only today.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband. He didn't answer because he was not sure.They were still two or three minutes off. He arose and walked towards the bathroom door.Then the woman called out softly,“Ding-dong."At the sound of the bell ringing so musically from his mother's lips,the boy jumped up from his chair and ran to the front door,which was separated from the main room by a narrow corridor. “Who's there?"he asked. The woman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain. “I'l1 open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. Then he ran back to the main room,making a lot of noise with his feet.He ran in circles around the table,pulled out one of the sideboard drawers,and slammed it shut. “Just a minute,I can't find them,I don't know where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair across the room,climbed onto it,and reached up to the top of the shelf. “I found them!”he shouted triumphantly.Then he got down from the chair, pushed it back to the table,and calmly walked to the door and opened it. “Shut the door,darling,"the woman said softly."You were perfect.” The child didn't hear what she said.He stood in the middle of the room,staring at the closed bathroom door. “Shut the door, the woman repeated in a tired flat voice.Every evening she repeated the same words,and every evening he stared at the closed bathroom door. At last it opened.The man was pale and his clothes were streaked with lime and dust.He stood there,eyes blinking in that funny way. “Well?How did it go?"asked the woman. “I still need more time.He has to look for them longer.I slip in sideways all right,but then...It's so tight in there that when I turn...And he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder." The child didn't take his eyes off him. “Say something to him,"the woman whispered. ＂You did a good job,little one,"he said mechanically. “That's right,”the woman said,“you're really doing a wonderful job,darling. You act just like a grown-up.And you do know that if someone should really ring the doorbell when Mama is at work,everything will depend on you?And what will you say when they ask you about your parents?” “Mama's at work.” “And Papa?"He was silent. “And Papa?"the man screamed in terror.The child turned pale. “And Papa?”the man repeated more calmly. “He's dead,”＂the child answered and threw himself at his father,who was standing right beside him,but already long dead to the people who would really ring the bell. 12. What does the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean? A. The family needed to practise the game for another 2 or 3 minutes. B. There was still 2 or 3 minutes left before someone knocked at the door. C. They would become too sleepy to play the game 2 or 3 minutes later. D. The father needed 2 or 3 more minutes before the kid opened the door. 13. Why did the boy make a lot of noise when he was looking for the key? A. Because he needed to drown out the noise caused by his father. B. Because he was too little and just couldn't control his footsteps. C. Because he was too anxious to find the key to open the door with. D. Because he met many barriers on his way to where the key was. 14. In Para.12,why did the mother repeat“shut the door”in a tired,flat voice, instead of the previous soft one? A. She was angry because her son didn't close the door as he had been told to. B. She felt anxious because she knew her husband would be annoyed at the boy again. C. She was disappointed because the boy's movement betrayed again where her husband was. D. She was impatient because she was asked to repeat these words again and again every evening. 15. What is the best title of the passage? A. A Scary Night B. The Key Game C. My Father Is Dead D. An Innocent Boy 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是三岁的男孩和父母晚上玩的找钥匙游戏。 【12 题详解】 句意猜测题。根据第五段中 They were still two or three minutes off.“他们还有两三分钟的时间。”和下文的 “I'l1 open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. “我马上就开门，我只是在找钥匙。” 孩子叫道。由此推知划线句意的意思是“父亲又过了两三分钟，孩子才打开门。”故选 D。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第 8 段“I'l1 open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. Then he ran back to the main room,making a lot of noise with his feet.He ran in circles around the table,pulled out one of the sideboard drawers,and slammed it shut. “我马上就开门，我只是在找钥匙。”孩子叫道。然后他跑回主屋， 用脚弄出很大的声响。他绕着桌子跑了一圈，拉出一个餐具柜抽屉，砰地关上。和下文中的 he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder.“他得弄出更多的声音——他跺脚的声音应该更大一些。”由此推 知，这个男孩在找钥匙的时候之所以发出这么大的声音，是因为他需要淹没他父亲发出的噪音。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第 13—15 段中 At last it opened.The man was pale and his clothes were streaked with lime and dust.He stood there,eyes blinking in that funny way. 最后它打开了。那人脸色苍白，衣服上布满了石灰和灰尘。 他站在那里，眼睛眨得很滑稽。“Well?How did it go?"asked the woman. “嗯?进展如何?”女人问。“I still need more time.He has to look for them longer.I slip in sideways all right,but then...It's so tight in there that when I turn...And he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder." “我还需要更多的时间。他不得不花更 长的时间去寻找它们。我侧身滑了进去，但后来…里面太紧了，我一转身……他必须制造更多的噪音—— 他应该跺脚更大声。”由此可知，母亲用疲惫、平淡的声音重复着“关上门”，而不是先前那句温柔的话 是因为她很失望，因为男孩的举动再次泄露了她丈夫的行踪。故选 C。 【15 题详解】 标题判断题。根据第三段 It was late,past ten o'clock and they could have gone to sleep,but first they had to play the game that they had been playing every day for two weeks.“时间已经很晚了，10 点多了，他们本来可以去 睡觉的，但是他们必须先玩他们已经玩了两个星期的游戏。”和第四段“We'll play the key game just one more time only today.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband. “我们只会在今天再玩一次找钥匙的比赛。好吗?”她问 丈夫。这篇文章讲述了一个找钥匙比赛。所以 B 项为最佳标题。故选 B。 第二节 阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 The factors that cause youth unemployment often differ among regions and labor systems. ____16____ Since firing full-time workers is so complicated and expensive, employers are unwilling to take on new staff, while people who are already employed, mainly older workers, often keep their jobs for life. In developing countries with high birthrates and very young populations, like the Philippines, growth isn’t strong enough to absorb the wave of youngsters entering the workforce each year. ____17____ Young people entering the workforce are often the most vulnerable(易受伤害的)in economic downturns — new employees are often the first to get sacked, while college graduates find few employers willing to hire. ___18___ In Spain, Italy and Japan, for instance, companies looking to gain flexibility in regulated labor markets often offer new, young staffers only short-term contracts. These contracts, which sometimes last for only a few days, usually come with low salaries and few benefits. Since such staff is temporary, employers have little intention to invest in training. Facing such obstacles, young people everywhere are finding that traditional route to success — education — isn’t paying off as much as in the past. ____19____ They will often be offered low-skilled jobs from waiters to supermarket clerks. A March report form the UK’s Office for National Statistics showed that the share of recent college graduates in Britain working in lower-skilled jobs rose to nearly 35% in 2011 form less than 27% a decade earlier. ____20____ Typical is Cairo’s Ahmed Said. He graduated from college with a business degree, and after performing the obligatory(义务的)year of military service, he applied for jobs in accounting and data entry. But Said, 24, had no luck, and today he works as a waiter at a cafe near Tahrir Square. “This was my last choice,” he says, “and this is the job that I got.” A. Young graduates often find themselves competing with more-experienced workers. B. More and more college graduates are forced to take jobs below their skill level. C. They started applying for any positions they could find in other countries. D. In some parts of the world, such jobs are all that is available to college graduates. E. Yet youth unemployment also has common roots throughout the world. F. Those young workers who do find employment are often trapped in awful contracts. G. In much of Western Europe overemphasized labor protection makes it more difficult for youths to land good jobs. 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. B 20. D 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了不同地区和劳动力制度导致年轻人失业的不同因素。 【16 题详解】 根据上一句 The factors that cause youth unemployment often differ among regions and labor systems. 导致年轻 人失业的因素在不同地区和劳动力制度之间往往有所不同。可知，此处内容与年轻人工作困难有关，选项 G“在西欧大部分地区，过度强调劳动保护使得年轻人更难找到好工作。”符合题意。故选 G。 【17 题详解】 根 据 下 一 句 Young people entering the workforce are often the most vulnerable( 易 受 伤 害 的 )in economic downturns — new employees are often the first to get sacked, while college graduates find few employers willing to hire. 在经济低迷时期，进入职场的年轻人往往是最脆弱的——新员工往往是最先被解雇的，而大学毕业 生发现很少有雇主愿意雇佣。可知，此处内容与解释为什么年轻人最容易被解雇或失业有关，选项 E“然而， 青年失业在世界各地也有共同的根源。”符合题意。故选 E。 【18 题详解】 根据下文 These contracts, which sometimes last for only a few days, usually come with low salaries and few benefits. 这些合同有时只持续几天，通常工资很低，福利也很少。可知，此处内容与工作的年轻人遇到糟糕 的合同有关，选项 F“那些找到工作的年轻工人经常陷入糟糕的合同中。”符合题意。故选 F。 【19 题详解】 根据下一句 They will often be offered low-skilled jobs from waiters to supermarket clerks. 他们经常会得到从服 务员到超市店员等低技能工作。可知，此处内容与大学毕业生被迫做低技能的工作有关，选项 B“越来越 多的大学毕业生被迫从事低于他们技能水平的工作。”符合题意。故选 B。 【20 题详解】 根据下一句 Typical is Cairo’s Ahmed Said. 典型的是开罗的 Ahmed。可知，此处内容与大学毕业生从事低技 能工作的现象有关，选项 D“在世界上的一些地方，大学毕业生只能找到这样的工作。”符合题意。故选 D。 第三部分 语言运用 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 Most people get rid of their leftover foods, but in Nigerian-born visual artist Haneefah Adam's kitchen, they're put to good use. Adam, 28, is famous for___21___food in creative ways, using it to make portraits and other works of art. She has___22___been artistic. Her mother said she had a___23___for art. Now, she's building a career out of changing food into art. “I do___24___portraits and also often sew and paint, but what___25___me the most is food,” she says. Adam is inspired by___26___things, including life experiences and culture. She___27___everything around her as something that can be made into art. In 2016, she___28___the TechMeetsArtNG exhibition, which was___29___and funded by Samsung Nigeria and Rele Gallery. The____30____was a culinary(烹饪的)exhibition aimed at____31____the artistic presentation of some of Nigeria's local____32____. Her winning entry was____33____by one of her favorite childhood meals—Ogbono soup which was____34____the dried seeds of mangoes. “Before the competition, my art was mostly random, and I was just____35____food art on social media. But after winning, I started to think about actively making a living from food art,” she says. Winning the competition kick-started Adam's career and her full-time job is now creating art for food brands such as Maggi and Dangote Salt. “I want to participate in more exhibitions. I currently live in Kwara, northern Nigeria; it is difficult to make a difference in the country's art scene from here,” she says. 21. A. distributing B. mixing C. presenting D. selling 22. A. always B. hardly C. never D. usually 23. A. dilemma B. reputation C. standard D. talent 24. A. alternative B. regular C. compulsory D. specific 25. A. excites B. puzzles C. rejects D. presses 26. A. artificial B. modest C. random D. visual 27. A. collects B. devotes C. inspects D. sees 28. A. competed B. held C. won D. performed 29. A. sponsored B. donated C. expanded D. possessed 30. A. background B. competition C. discovery D. victory 31. A. avoiding B. exploring C. protecting D. sorting 32. A. meals B. goods C. styles D. works 33. A. finished B. inspired C. submitted D. selected 34. A. attached to B. occupied with C. made from D. linked to 35. A. selling B. preserving C. exporting D. recording 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 28 岁的视觉艺术家亚当以艺术的形式呈现尼日利亚当地美食的故事。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：28 岁的亚当以创造性的方式呈现食物的样子而闻名，她用食物制作人物肖像和 其他艺术作品。A. distributing 分配；B. mixing 混合；C. presenting 展现；D. selling 卖。空后一句说亚当用 食物制作人物肖像和其他艺术作品，这说明她善于以创造性的方式呈现食物的样子，故 C 项正确。 【22 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直都有艺术细胞。A. always 总是、一直；B. hardly 几乎不；C. never 从不； D. usually 通常。文章第一句说亚当是一位视觉艺术家，空前一句又说她善于以创造性的方式呈现食物的样 子，因此她一直都有艺术细胞，故 A 项正确。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她母亲说她很有艺术天赋。A. dilemma 困境；B. reputation 名誉；C. standard 标 准；D. talent 天赋。空前一句说亚当一直都有艺术细胞，因此她很有艺术天赋，故 D 项正确。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我经常素描人物肖像，也经常缝纫和画画，但最让我兴奋的还是食 物艺术”。A. alternative 可替代的；B. regular 经常性的、定期的；C. compulsory 义务的；D. specific 明确的。 空后一句她说自己还经常缝纫和画画，因此此处是说她经常素描人物肖像，故 B 项正确。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excites 使兴奋；B. puzzles 使困惑；C. rejects 排斥；D. presses 强迫。根 据空前的“I do___4___portraits and also often sew and paint”及表示转折关系的“but”可知，虽然喜欢素描 人物肖像、做缝纫活和画画，但亚当最喜欢的还是食物艺术，故 A 项正确。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚当的灵感来自日常随意的事物，包括生活经历和文化。A. artificial 人造的； B. modest 谦虚的；C. random 随意的；D. visual 视觉的。根据下文中的“my art was mostly random”可知，亚 当的艺术大多都是随性的，因此她的艺术灵感来自日常随意的事物，故 C 项正确。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她看来，周围的一切都可以被做成艺术品。A. collects 收集；B. devotes 致力； C. inspects 检查；D. sees 看待。空前一句说亚当的艺术灵感来自日常随意的事物，因此在她看来，周围的一 切都可以被做成艺术品，故 D 项正确。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016 年，她赢得了由三星尼日利亚和瑞尔画廊赞助的 TechMeetsArtNG 展览比赛。 A. competed 竞争；B. held 持有；C. won 赢得；D. performed 表演。根据下文中的“Her winning entry”(获 奖作品)可知，亚当赢得了这场展览比赛，故 C 项正确。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sponsored 赞助；B. donated 捐赠；C. expanded 扩大；D. possessed 拥有。 根据空后的“and funded”可知，三星尼日利亚和瑞尔画廊赞助了这场展览比赛，故 A 项正确。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场比赛是一场烹饪展览，旨在探索尼日利亚当地美食的艺术表现(探索用艺术 的形式呈现尼日利亚当地的美食)。A. background背景；B. competition比赛、竞赛；C. discovery发现；D. victory 胜利。空前一句说 2016 年，她赢得了由三星尼日利亚和瑞尔画廊赞助的 TechMeetsArtNG 展览，因此这场 展览是一场比赛，下文中的“competition”也是提示，故 B 项正确。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. avoiding 避免；B. exploring 探索；C. protecting 保护；D. sorting 分类。 根据空后的“the artistic presentation of some of Nigeria's local___12___.”可知，这场展览比赛的目的是探索 用艺术的形式呈现尼日利亚当地的美食，故 B 项正确。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. meals 美食；B. goods 商品；C. styles 风格；D. works 作品。根据空后的 “one of her favorite childhood meals”可知此处指“美食”，故 A 项正确。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的获奖作品的灵感来自于她童年最喜欢的一种美食汤，这种汤是用芒果干籽 做成的。A. finished 完成；B. inspired 给……以灵感；C. submitted 递交；D. selected 挑选。根据空后的“by one of her favorite childhood meals—Ogbono soup”可知，她的获奖作品的灵感来自于她童年最喜欢的一种美食 汤，故 B 项正确。 【34 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. attached to 系于；B. occupied with 忙于；C. made from 由……做成；D. linked to 与……有关联。根据空后的“the dried seeds of mangoes”可知，这种汤是用芒果干籽做成的，故 C 项正 确。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是在社交媒体上记录美食艺术。A. selling 卖；B. preserving 保护；C. exporting 出口；D. recording 记录。根据空后的“on social media”可知，亚当说以前自己只是在社交媒体上记录美食 艺术，故 D 项正确。 【点睛】本篇第 4 空难度较大，抓住空后表示频率的提示词是关键，根据空后的“and also often sew and paint”可知，她说自己还经常缝纫和画画，因此此处与“often”相对应，是说她经常素描人物肖像，即： 她说：“我经常素描人物肖像，也经常缝纫和画画，但最让我兴奋的还是食物艺术”，故 B 项(regular)正 确。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kobe Bryant passed away in a helicopter crash five months ago. His fans were so heartbroken that they held various___36___(activity) to honor him. Someone ''updated'' the superstar's social media ___37___ April 1 to promote his sports fantasy novel, The Wizenard Series: Season One, to his fans around ___38___ globe. The novel revolves (围绕) around basketball team, the West Bottom Badgers, and an incredible coach Rolabi, who ___39___(base) on Phil Jackson, the former coach of the Los Angeles Lakers. ''The book stems from (源于) my goal of bringing joy back to youth sports, while ___40___(teach) important life lessons.'' Bryant said in an interview before his death. Apart from referring to his ___41___(person) basketball experiences, he also draws from the more basic and psychological truths in sports: teamwork, training, perseverance and mental toughness. While the announcement may not have come ___42___(direct) from Bryant, many fans are hoping that the fantastic novel ___43___(continue) his legacy. For many others, ___44___, it was Bryant's mentality that made him legendary (传奇的). ____45____(know) as the ''Black Mamba'' for his passion, persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live on through the achievements he impressed upon the world. 【答案】36. activities 37. on 38. the 39. is based 40. teaching 41. personal 42. directly 43. will continue 44. however / nevertheless 45. Known 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科比去世后，他的球迷举行各种活动来纪念他。4 月 1 日有人更新了他的 社交媒体，向球迷宣布了关于他的体育传奇小说 The Wizenard Series: Season One。很多球迷希望可以通过这 本书延续科比的传奇，但有人也认为让科比成为传奇的是他的精神。 【36 题详解】 考查名词的数。activity“活动”是可数名词，根据 various 判断此处用复数形式，故填 activities。 【37 题详解】 考查介词。根据 April 1 判断此处应填介词 on，on April 1“在四月 1 日”，故填 on。 【38 题详解】 考查冠词。此处考查固定表达 around the globe“全世界”，故填 the。 【39 题详解】 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，主语 who 代指先行词 coach Rolabi，是第三 人称单数，且和 base 之间是被动关系，根据上文的 revolves 判断此处为一般现在时，故填 is based。 【40 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词和 while 一起构成时间状语，逻辑主语 the book 和 teach 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填 teaching。 【41 题详解】 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词词组 basketball experience，故填 personal。 【42 题详解】 考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词 come，故填 directly。 【43 题详解】 考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境可知 continue 发生在将来，且主句是现 在进行时，故用一般将来时，故填 will continue。 【44 题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，对于其他很多人来说，让科比成为传奇人物的是他的精神。根据句意可知，上下 文是转折关系，故填 however/nevertheless。 【45 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 Bryant 和 know 之间是被动关系， 应用被动语态，故填 Known。 第四部分 写作 46. 假定你是中华中学学生会主席李华，你校将于 6 月 28 日在和谐湖举行龙舟赛，请给友好学校复兴中学 (Fuxing High School) 写一封邀请信。 信的内容包括：(1)写信目的；(2)活动时间、地点和意义；(3)回复时间：2021 年 6 月 25 日前。 注意：(1)词数 120 字左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of our school, I'm sincerely inviting your school to take part in the upcoming Dragon Boat Race to be held on the Huangshan Lake on June 30th. The event is scheduled to start at 2:00 p.m. and last for about three hours. To begin with, we will watch a short documentary of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being falsely accused of corruption. Knowing that Cambridge High School has an outstanding boating team, I'm sure we won't miss the wonderful Dragon Boat Race. It is a fantastic opportunity for our schools to develop close ties and to promote cultural exchange. We'd appreciate hearing from your reply before June 27th. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文写作。假定你是中华中学学生会主席李华，你校将于 6 月 28 日在和谐湖举行龙舟 赛，请给友好学校复兴中学 (Fuxing High School) 写一封邀请信。 【详解】第一步：审题。 体裁：应用文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主。 要点：信的内容包括： (1)写信目的； (2)活动时间、地点和意义； (3)回复时间：2021 年 6 月 25 日前。 第二步：列重点词语，词组(注意好词的使用) 如 on behalf of；take part in；be begin with；be accused of；hear from 等等。 第三步：连词成句(注意好句型的使用，如非谓语动词，复合句，注意拼写和时态问题) 第四步：连句成篇(注意衔接词的使用) 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…, Finally, In the end, At last; 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also); 3.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。 第五步：润色修改。 【点睛】本文内容完整，要点齐全，语言规范，词数适当，段落分布合理。作者在文中较多使用主从复合 句，如 On behalf of our school, I'm sincerely inviting your school to take part in the upcoming Dragon Boat Race to be held on the Huangshan Lake on June 30th.使用了不定式的被动式；To begin with, we will watch a short documentary of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself after being falsely accused of corruption.使用了 定语从句。主从复合句的使用，使得文章的句式灵活多变，为文章增加了色彩。 47. 请认真阅读下面这幅图片及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 According to a recent survey of 2,020 people done by China Youth Daily, 81.8 percent of the interviewees supported hardship education including experiencing life in poor areas, outdoor training, taking part-time jobs, and doing housework. Qiao Yu, from Tianjin Foreign Languages School, also supports the idea "Hardship helps us grow and be prepared for the difficulties of society," said the 18-year-old, who worked in a cake store this summer. But while it contributes to studentsˈ development, "hardship education shouldnˈt be seen as simply making students suffer," Sun Yunxiao, director of the China Youth and Children Research Center told China Youth Daily. "It should follow teenagersˈ growth." Sun said that students could also do sports to learn to face difficulties, for doing sports can greatly strengthen their bodies and minds. 【写作内容】(1)以约 30 个词概括图文的主要内容；(2)以约 120 个词谈谈你对“吃苦教育”的理解和个人看 法，并给出 2~3 点理由。 【写作要求】(1)可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；(2)作文中不能出现真实姓名 和学校名称：(3)不必写标题。 【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。 【答案】Possible version 1 (支持)： Despite the improvement of our lives, “hardship education” in China still gains widespread recognition, yet it arouses different voices among the public as well according to a recent survey. As is known, hardship education refers to all kinds of activities including community service, social practice, voluntary work and various sports, which allow teenagers to experience the difficulties of life and society, thus contributing to their growth. From my perspective, with the fast-paced development of our living standards, hardship education has become more of a must for the contemporary youth. For one thing, challenging activities in various forms guarantee teenagers access to building up their strength and developing necessary surviving skills. For another, but for hardship education, teenagers could not enhance their overall qualities such as courage and perseverance, sweeping away all the obstacles on the way to success and better preparing themselves for the future. To sum up, society, schools and families should attach great importance to hardship education for all students. Possible version 2 (反对)： Despite the improvement of our lives, “hardship education” in China still gains widespread recognition, yet it arouses different voices among the public as well according to a recent survey. While I admit that hardship education is intended to cultivate desirable qualities such as self-sufficiency and perseverance in students, the education process doesn’t necessarily involve short-term physical ‘hardship’ for students to undergo. Firstly, hardship education such as experiencing life in poor areas usually lasts no longer than 2 weeks, which is too short to bear any fruit. Secondly, teenagers are well aware of the fact that the hardship they are exposed to is divorced from the life they lead in reality. Hence, the training becomes no more than a ceremony and teenagers return to their routine unchanged. Thirdly, the word ‘hardship’ doesn;t look fancy enough to appeal to teenagers. At this age, they are more willing to explore the world, to exhibit their uniqueness and to unleash their creativity, thus activities like sports or self-organized trips competition will be their cup of tea. By and large, hardship education is a means to an end, and the means should be more diverse to suit the teenagers’ needs. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达考查读写任务。 【详解】第 1 步：以约 30 个词概括图文的主要内容。《中国青年报》最近对 2020 人进行的一项调查显示， 81.8%的受访者支持艰苦教育，包括体验贫困地区的生活、参加户外训练、做兼职和做家务。以约 120 个词 谈谈你对“吃苦教育”的理解和个人看法，并给出 2~3 点理由。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词(组)：hardship education；gains widespread recognition；refer to；contribute to；living standards；access to；build up；courage and perseverance；sweep away 等等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时 和一般将来时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 As is known, hardship education refers to all kinds of activities including community service, social practice, voluntary work and various sports, which allow teenagers to experience the difficulties of life and society, thus contributing to their growth.使用了两个定语从句和非谓语动词。全文中 没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然， 为文章增色添彩。