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中考英语翻译题型讲解指导及技巧
中考英语翻译题型讲解及技巧 初中英语教学大纲中规定,初中英语要培养学生“初步运用英语的能力,为真实交际打下基础”。交际包括听、说、读、写,听和读是接收信息(输入),说和写是表达信息(输出),因此,写是表达能力的重要方面,理所当然地成为考查的重点。汉译英是属于主观性试题,在近几年中考试卷中所占的比例逐年增加,所考查的知识点、题目的设计编排也越来越灵活。初中阶段一般是翻译句子,即根据所给的汉语,填空完成句子。此题型既是衡量学生英语基础知识掌握情况的手段之一,又是培养学生综合运用所学英语知识进行书面表达的能力。 一、句子翻译题的题型特点 纵观各省中考英语试题的句子翻译题,其考查的重点为:各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等,为了便于评分,大多题型用“翻译填空”即“完成句子”来考查学生“译”的能力,此种题型一般占试卷总分的百分之十左右。 二、句子翻译题的解题技巧 1. 要明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用,等等。在做题时若能明确命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。 2. 要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处,这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。比如:汉语中常说“希望/建议/同意/拒绝某人做某事”,但英语习惯上却不能 hope / suggest / agree / refuse sb to do sth;又比如:汉语中的“红茶”,按英语的习惯是说成 black tea,而不是对应地说成red tea。再比如:汉语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”和“打”,且习惯上不能替换 (即不说“打足球”或“踢篮球”),但在英语中既不用kick(踢),也不用beat(打),却通用一个play。 所有这些方面的基础语法知识和基本惯用法知识,同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。 3. 不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯,比如:当他要译“他年龄很大”这样一个极为简单的句子时,他往往会逐字译为 His age is very big. 而不是正确地译为 He is old. 又如要译“我工作很忙”,他不是正确地译为 I’m busy,而是逐字译为 My work is very busy。所有这些问题考生在复习迎考中都要予以充分重视。 4. 由于句子翻译一般采用翻译填空的形式,也就是说被填空的句子在句法结构或表达形式等方面已有了一定的限制,所以考生在做这类题时不仅要注意所给的中文句子的含义,而且要注意已给英语句子的结构和所使用的句式等,做到既不偏离中文含义,又符合英语表达的习惯性和地道性。 总之,在做句子翻译题时,要注意单词的词形变化,如名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词;形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外,重要的是平时的积累,考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。只有这样,才能使大家在考试中取得理想的成绩。 翻译填空题解题方法 纵观各省中考英语试卷中的翻译填空题,其考查的重点为:各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等,为了便于评分,大多题型用“翻译填空”即“完成句子”来考查学生“译”的能力,此种题型一般占试卷总分的百分之十左右。 做这种题目时,首先,要认真读汉语句子,准确把握句子所要表达的意思,了解句子的主要结构。然后带着空格读一下已给出的英语翻译,联想相关词汇和句型,再去考虑语态、时态、词形变化、主语与谓语数的一致等问题。有时,考生将答案填进空格后,发现填入的内容不符合题目对字数的要求,有时空格没填满,有时空格又不够填的,这时就要注意了,要么就要尝试改用同义词组,要么就是在读题时漏掉了容易受到忽略的修饰词。如:副词,形容词或代词等,最后,将填好了的句子再读一遍,从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下,保证与所给的汉语意思一致。具体说来,应注意以下几点: 1. 要明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用,等等。在做题时若能明确命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。 2. 要正确判断所要填入的词的词性和词形。 从分析句子结构入手,判断该词在句子中作何成分,从而决定词性;再根据它在句中的作用决定词形包括名词的单复数、动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词的形式、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。在做题时,只有确定翻译句子中词的形式,才能准确完成,取得好分数。 3. 根据试题型所涉及的考点类型,做出联想,既要注意所给的中文句子的含义,也要注意已给英语句子的结构和所使用的句式等,做到既不偏离中文含义,又符合英语表达的习惯性和地道性。 4. 注意词的正确拼写以及标点符号和大小写的正确使用。 中考英语句子翻译题答题指导 一、方法指导 首先得根据汉语的意思以及已给出的英语部分确定所用的句型和特殊结构。句子翻译题往往考查一些固定的句型(如:so…that; too…to…, It takes sb. time to do sth等)或一些特殊的结构(如:to one’s surprise, with one’s help, be angry with等)。 其次应要根据句中的时间状语或上下文的语境确定句子所需要的时态,同时应根据主语与谓语动词的关系确定正确的语态。如“他现在不在这里。他到美国去了”。第一句话用一般现在时,第二句话则应该用现在完成时,即He isn’t here now. He has gone to America. 有主从复合句时应注意主句与从句之间的时态一致,特别应注意在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 最后应注意一些细节问题,如名词的单复数是否有误,动词的第三人称单数或过去式是否正确以及单词拼写是否有误。 二、实例分析(根据所给中文,完成相应的英语句子,1—5题每空限填空1词,6-10题每空所填词数不限): 1. 老师经常告诉我们遇到困难的时候,不要灰心。 The teacher often tell us _______ _______ _______ _______ when we are in trouble. 【解析】此题易误填 don’t lose our hearts。这是由于句式不清和思维定势的影响引起的。一些同学把空格处误认为是谓语,因而就用了don’t lose;又因为学了do our homework, have their supper等影响而误填为lose our hearts。其实这里考查的是tell sb. (not) to do sth. 以及lose heart这两个结构。正确答案为not to lose heart。 2. 在他的帮助下,我在英语方面取得了巨大的进步。 _______ _______ _______, I’ve made great progress in English. 【解析】此题易误填 Under his help。这是受汉语思维的影响造成的。under正好意为“在……的下面”。因此很多同学把“在……的帮助下”译为under…help。其实,表示“在……的帮助下”要用with one’s help / with the help of sb. 正确答案为With his help。 3. 如果明天不下雨,我们就到公园里划船。 If it _______ _______ tomorrow, we’ll go boating in the park. 【解析】此题易误填 won’t rain。这是受汉语思维的影响造成的。一些同学一看到tomorrow一词就认为这里肯定是要一般将来时。其实,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。正确答案为doesn’t rain。 4. “王先生在哪里?”“他去北京出差了。” “Where is Mr. Wang?” “He ______ ______ ______ Beijing on business. ” 【解析】此题易误填 went to或has been to。其实表示某人到某地去了,不强调什么时候去,应该用现在完成时表示,而不用一般过去时。have been to意为“去过某地”,已经回来了,与这里的语境不符。表示“去了某地”要用have gone to。正确答案为has gone to。 5. 他每天都要打篮球,所以他讨厌下雨。 He plays basketball every day, so he _______ _______ _______ _______ raining. 【解析】此题易误填 is tired of the。这是结构误用引起的。因为be tired of意为“讨厌”,可是这里有四空而不是三空。因此正确答案为is fed up with。 6. 当他听到这个好消息时,激动得说不出话来。 He was _______ when he heard this good news. 【解析】此题易误填 too excited not to say anything或very excited that he couldn’t say anything。这是受汉语思维的影响造成的。too…to…结构本身已有否定的意义,不定式符号to前面不能再用not。so…that…是一个固定句型,其中so不能改为very或quite。正确答案为:too excited to say anything或so excited that he couldn’t say anything或so excited that he could say nothing。 7. 这个七岁的小女孩酷爱弹钢琴,以至于她已经坚持练琴两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _______for two years. 【解析】此题易误填 very much that she has kept practise。这里由于语法知识掌握不牢固引起的。其实这里考查的是一个so…that…句型和keep doing sth. 结构。正确答案为so much that she has kept practicing。 8. 我不知道他喜欢什么。 I don’t know _______. 【解析】此题易误填 what does he like。这是由于句式不分引起的。单独说what does he like?肯定是没错,可是这个句子在这里充当know的宾语,是一个宾语从句。凡是从句都要用陈述语序。正确答案为what he likes。(from www.zkenglish.com) 9. 花应该经常浇水。 Flowers _______. 【解析】此题易误填 should often water。这是受汉语思维的影响造成的。汉语中很少使用被动句,而英语中则不然,这里应该使用被动语态。正确答案为should often be watered。 10. 他父亲曾经是司机。His father _______. 【解析】此题易误填 Once was driver。这是受汉语思维的影响造成的。汉语中没有“冠词”,因此很多同学漏掉了单数可数名词前面的不定冠词。正确答案为used to be a driver。 初中英语翻译题解题技巧 现在先就汉译英谈谈解题技巧。 汉译英的考点很多,不仅考查学生的语言基本功,即对词汇的记忆能力和理解能力,还考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。可以从时态、语态、固定短语、主谓一致、基本句型等许多方面来考查。 汉译英题的解题步骤如下: 1.通读汉语,了解这个句子所要表达的意思 2.阅读英文,找出其中要考查的内容,揣摩出题人的意图,并分析。 3.观察一下要求翻译的汉语,然后联想一下相关的词汇、句型,并考虑时态、语态、词形变化、主谓一致等问题。 4.翻译出所缺的英文部分。 5.将翻译好的句子再通读一遍,并从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。 例题讲解: 1.上课记笔记是一个好习惯。 It’s a good habbit to _____ in class. 观察后发现考查的内容为一个短语,所以经过联想,想到take notes 这个短语,并注意复数形式。 2.几年来,他拍了几部大片。____________________________. 这是一个整句翻译,首先想到“几年来”这个短语over the years,它是固定短语,然后想到它所用到的时态为现在完成时,所以这个句子写成: Over the years, he has made some great movies. 3. 必须经常浇树。____________________________. 一看到这个题目,有的同学有些发懵,因为这个句子没有主语,那么就要想到被动语态,而且是含有“必须”这个情态动词,这时就可以联想到含有情态动词的被动语态的构成: 主语+情态动词+be +p.p 所以这个句子写成:Trees must be watered often. 那么,想做好这种类型的题,平时必须多下功夫,必须做到: 1.熟练掌握常用的词汇、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的用法。 2.掌握各种句型结构。 3.掌握各种时态、语态及主谓一致原则。 4.具有用英语思维的习惯。 5.熟读课文,万变不离其宗,无论怎样变化,考试都离不开教材这个大的考纲。 英译汉解题步骤如下: 1.浏览整段文章,清楚大概内容。 2.分析划线部分的句子含义,遇到不会的生词,要从上下文的内容中来猜测。 3.整理好所思考的句子,注意英汉语言方面的差异,所翻译好的句子必须符合汉语逻辑思维,而且语言要通顺,意思要明确。 eg. Do dogs wear shoes? Some police dogs in western Germany do. People made special shoes for them. Police say that these shoes can protect the dogs from broken glass. 翻译这句话时,必须把“do”翻译出来,否则意思不明确。根据上下文“do”表示穿鞋,所以整句翻译为:有些德国西部的警犬穿鞋。 九年级短语及句型Units1--5 1. 为考试而学习 _________________ 2.和朋友一起学习 _________________ 3.听录音带 ____________________ 4.制作抽认卡 _______________________ 5.向老师请教 ___________________ 6.读课本 __________________________ 7.制作词汇表 ________________________ 8.看英文录象 ________________________ 9.和朋友练习对话 ___________ ______ 10、大声朗读练习发音 ___________________ 11.、 和小组一起学习 ________________ 12、learn a lot that way _________________ 13. improve my speaking skills ___________ 14. too hard to understand the voices 15.过去常常做某事________________ 16.加入游泳俱乐部 17.be afraid of sthdoing sth=be afraid to do sth=be terrified to do sth 害怕某事或害怕做某事 18.in the past few years=in the last few years =these years=over the years 这几年来(常用于现在完成时态) 19. It seems that+句子sbsth seems to do 某人某物好像,似乎, sbsth seems + adj 某人某物好像„ 20.get into trouble with sb. 与某人发生争吵 21.to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是 22.take pride in =be proud of 以„为骄傲 23.afford to do sth 负担得起干某事 常与cancould 连用 24.应该被允许做某事 should be allowed to do sth 25.让人扎耳朵眼 get one’s ears pierced 26.不够严肃 not serious enough 27在周末 on weekends 28.fail to pass a test 没有通过考试 29.对某人/某事要求严格be strict with sbin sth 中考英语句子翻译题专练·附详解 一、根据所给中文,完成相应的英语句子,每空限填一词: 1. 多喝水,这对你的健康有好处。 Drink more water. It _______ _______ _______ your health. 2. 昨天直到雨停了孩子们才离开学校。 The children _______ leave school _______ the rain stopped yesterday. 3. 非常感谢邀请我参加你的聚会。 _______ ______ _______ _______ asking me to your party. 4. 钥匙是金属做的,用来锁门。 The key _______ _______ ______ metal and _______ ______ ______ door. 5. 你们想拿回你们的电视机,是吗? You want to ________ your TV set ________, _______ you? 6. 天太冷了,不能去游泳。 It’s too cold _________ ________ ________. 7. 我和她年龄一样大。 I’m _______ _______ ________ ________ _______ 8. 丽丽叫我不要忘记告诉她母亲这条好消息。 Lily asked me _______ _______ _______ ______ tell her mother the good news. 9. 昨天当我到达电影院时,电影已经开始半小时了。 When I ______ ______ the cinema yesterday, the film _______ _______ ______ for half an hour. 10. 晚饭后为什么不去散步呢? _______ _______ _______ out for a walk after supper? 二、根据所给中文,完成相应的英语句子,每空所填词数不限: 1. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。 Reading in bed _______. 2. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 The PRC _______ in 1949. 3. 我今天为你买了一件新衬衫。为什么不试一下? I bought a new shirt for you today. _______? 4. 我认为他明天不会来参加会议的。 I _______ that he _______ come to the meeting tomorrow. 5. 你能告诉我现在几点了吗? Could you tell me _______? 6. 你最好在他改变主意之前把机票费帮他付了。 You’d better _______ the air ticket for him before he _______. 7. 我生于1987年6月15日。 I _______ June 15, 1987. 8. 我们学校里仅有六个女教师。 There are only six _______ in our school. 9. 奥运会每四年举行一次。 The Olympic Games are _______. 10. 等他来,我再离开。 I _______leave _______he comes back. 11. 我希望你同我们一起去。 I hope _______ _______ with us. 12. 假如明天不下雨,我会去购物。 I will _______ _______ if it _______ rain tomorrow. 13. 她很美,她妈妈年轻时也很美。 She is beautiful and ______ ______ her mother when she was young. 14. 长沙的天气和北京的不同。 The weather of Changsha _______ _______ _______ ______ of Beijing. 15. 我们班的学生人数是50。 The ________ of the students in our class _______ 50. 【答案解析】 一、根据所给中文,完成相应的英语句子,每空仅填空一词 1. 此题主要考查词组be good for “对……有益(好处)”,drink more water是一个祈使句,用的是一般现在时,所以后句也用一般现在时,所以答案为is good for。 2. 此题考查的是not …until“直到……才”结构,因是“昨天”,所以用一般过去时,第一空填didn’t,第二空填until。 3. “非常感谢……”可译为“Thank you very much for… 或Thanks a lot for…”,因只有四空,所以只能填Thanks a lot for。 4. 首先确定关键词汇的译法,并注意其语法形式。“由……制成的”应用词组“be made of”;“被用来……”应用词组“(be) used for…”;句子主语是单数,所以动词be也应用第三人称单数形式。故正确答案为 is made of; used for locking。(from www.zkenglish.com) 5. 此处主要考查的是反意疑问句的结构,陈述句是一般现在时的肯定形式,所以反意疑问句用一般现在时的否定形式don’t;陈述句中的“拿回,取回”用“get…back”来表达。 6. 此题考查的是“too…to…”(太……以致于不能……)结构,“去游泳”用“go swimming”表示。所以答案为:to go swimming 注意:too … to结构本身含有否定意义,所以不能在to前加not。 7. 此题考查的是“与……一样”表程度一致,英语用“as …as ”结构表示。但须注意句中的形容词用原级,而不能用比较级。故答案为 as old as she is。 8. 此处考查的是两个动词短语结构ask sb. not to do sth. “叫某人不要做某事” 和forget to do sth. “忘记做某事”。故填not to forget to。 9. 此题主要是考查时态。前两空用一般过去时,因有过去时间状语yesterday,“到达”可用“get to”来表示;根据句意,后三空用过去完成时表示,动词用持续性动词,而不能用非延续性动词,因有表一段时间的状语for half an hour。正确答案为 got to, had been on。 10. 此题是考查提建议的常用句型之一。“为什么……不呢?”英语可用Why not do…?或Why don’t you do…? 来表达。因只有三空,所以正确答案为 Why not go。 11. 答案为 you’ll go。汉语中的“希望某人做某事”说成英语不能是 hope sb to do sth,要表示类似意思可考虑在 hope 后接宾语从句。 12. 答案为 go shopping doesn’t。最后一空填doesn’t,因为时间状语和条件状语从句中习惯上要用一般现在时表示将来意义。 13. 答案为 so was。“so+助动词+主语”这类结构可表示后面所述情况与前面的情况相同,通常译为“……也一样”。 14. 答案为 is different from that。be different from 意为“与……不同”,最后一空填 that,用以代替前面提以的 whether。 15. 答案为 number is。句子主语是 the number,故谓语用单数。 二、根据所给中文,完成相应的英语句子,每空所填词数不限 1. 此题易误填 is bad to your eyes。这是由于受汉语思维的影响造成的。介词to确实有“对……”的意思,但在be bad for …这一个短语中不能用介词to。正确答案为is bad for your eyes。 2. 此题易误填 was found。found既是find (找到,发现) 的过去式和过去分词,又是found (成立) 的原形。found意为“成立”时是规则动词,其过去式和过去分词分别为founded, founded。正确答案为was founded。 3. 此题易误填 Why don’t you try on it / Why not try on it。这是受汉语思维的影响造成的。try on属于“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,接人称代词宾格作宾语时人称代词要放在动词与副词之间。正确答案为Why don’t you try it on / Why not try it on。 4. 此题易误填 think, won’t。这是由于语法知识掌握不牢固引起的。当I think…意为“我认为…… ”后面所接的宾语从句表示否定意义时,否定词要提前到主句中,即要用“I don’t think +肯定形式的从句”这与汉语的表达不一致。正确答案为don’t think, will。 5. 此题易误填 what time is it / what’s the time。这是由于句式不清引起的。单独使用时What time is it? / What’s the time? 这两个句子是正确的,但在这里是用句子作宾语,应该要用陈述语序。正确答案为what time it is / what the time is。 6. 此题易误填 to pay, changes mind。这是由于语法知识掌握不牢固引起的。you’d better后面要接省去to的动词不定式,表示“改变主意”要用change one’s mind这一结构。正确答案为pay for, changes his mind。 7. 此题易误填 born in。这是由于汉语思维和思维定势引起的。其实,这里的born应该要用被动语态,因为一个人不可能自己生下自己;表示在具体的某一天介词要用on而不用in。正确答案为was born on。 8. 此题易误填 woman teachers。这是由于思维定势引起的。名词作定语时,用来作定语的名词往往用单数形式,如:apple trees苹果树,flower shops花店。但是woman, man用来作定语时,用单数名词修饰单数名词;用复数名词修饰复数名词。正确答案为women teachers。(from www.zkenglish.com) 9. 此题易误填 held each four years。这是由于汉语思维的影响造成的。表示“每四年”要用every four years而不用each four years。正确答案为held every four years。 10. 此题易误填 will, until。这是由于语法知识掌握不牢固引起的。但句子中有until引导的时间状语,句子的谓语动词如果是持续性动词或状态动词,这个句子往往用肯定形式;如果句子的谓语动词是非持续性动词,这个句子往往用否定形式,not…until意为“直到……才”。正确答案为won’t, until。 中考英语翻译填空题专练 根据所给中文意思完成相应的英文句子,每空一词: 1. 我父亲叫我努力学习。 My parents told me _______ _______ _______. 2. 我发现学好英语很容易。 I find ______ ______ ______ study English well. 3. 他希望我能同他们一道去。 He _______ me ______ ______ with them. 4. 我很忙,我有许多衣服要洗。 I’m very busy. I have a lot of _______ ______ ______. 5. 不知道为什么那么早就出发。 I don’t know ______ ______ ______ so early. 6. 为什么不把窗户关上? Why ______ _______ the window? 7. 他要我在外面等了一个小时。 He ______ me ______ outside for an hour. 8. 老师说他有一个重要的会议要参加。 The teacher said that he ______ an important meeting ______ ______. 9. 要及时完成这工作很难。 _____ _____ very difficult ______ ______ the work in time. 10. 他老了,不能做工作了。 He is not ______ _______ ______ do any work. 【参考答案】 1. to, study, hard 2. it, easy, to 3. wishes, to, go 4. clothes, to, wash 5. why, we’ll, start 6. not, close [shut] 7. made [had], wait 8. had, to, attend 9. It, is, to, finish 10. young, enough, to 中考英语翻译填空训练 根据中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。www.zkenglish.com 1. 这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴,以致于他坚持练琴叁年了。 The eight-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______much ______he has kept ______ for three years. 2. 我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生,洗衣服。 My mother usually ______ some cleaning and ______ on Sundays. 3. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。 We’re ______ to have ______ at the party this evening. 4. 由于天气不好,校运会不得不推迟。 ______ ______ the bad weather, the school sports meet had to ______ ______ ______. 5. 保护环境和发展经济同样重要。 Protecting environment is ______ ______ ______ developing economy. 6. 你是怎样与你的邻居相处融洽的? ______ can you get on well ______ your neighbours? 7. 刘老师是位非常亲切的老师,以致于我们把她当做自己的母亲。 Mrs. Liu is ______ ______ kind teacher______ we ______ her ______ our mother. 8. 他问我今天是否有空。 He asks me ______today. 9. 下定决心努力学习吧,你迟早会成功的。 Make______ ______ ______to work hard, ______ you’ll succeed ______ ______ ______. 10. 李明是个热心肠的人,他经常帮助那些有困难的人。 Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often ______ the people in trouble ______. 【答案与解析】 1. so, that, practicing。表示“如此……以致……”用句型so+形容词或副词+that…;表示“坚持 / 不断 / 反复做某事”用keep doing sth。 2. does; washing。表示“搞卫生、洗衣服、买东西、看书、跑步”等,可用do some cleaning / washing / shopping / reading / running。注意一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式,所以do 要用does。 3. sure; fun。表示“肯定会、一定会做某事”用be sure to do sth 表示“玩得痛快”用have fun, have a good time或enjoy oneself。注意fun是不可数名词,前面不能用a。 4. Thanks to / Because of, be put off。注意此处“推迟”要用被动语态。 5. as important as表示“一样 / 同样……”的as…as之间用形容或副词的原级。其否定式,表示“不如……”时,第一个as还可用so替代。 6. How; with。表示“与某人相处融哈”用句型get on well with sb。 7. such a, that, regard, as。其中such a kind a teacher还可说成so kind a teacher;regard sb as…把某人看作……。 8. if I’m free / if I have time。表示“是否”用if或whether引导宾语从句。 9. up your mind, and, sooner or later。因为表示“下定决心做某事”用make up one’s mind to do sth;表示“迟早,总有一天”用sooner or later。 10. gives, a hand。因为give sb a hand (with sth)=give a hand to sb (with sth) = help sb (with sth)帮助某人(做某事)。 中考英语翻译填空题专练 根据中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。 1. 来吧,孩子们!该吃晚饭了。 Come on, children. ______ ______ to have lunch, 2. 这些新汽车是中国制造的。 These new cars are ______ ______ ______. 3. 每天多喝水对你有好处。 To drink more water every day is ______ ______ ______. 4. 昨天因为交通拥堵,他们上学迟到了。 They ______ ______ ______ school because of the heavy traffic yesterday. 5. 稍微休息一下后,他又继续看英文报纸。 After a short rest, he went ______ ______English newspapers. 6. 昨天晚上我在忙于为考试做准备。 Yesterday evening I ______ ______ ______ ready ______ the examination. 7. 他们遇到了很大的麻烦,让我们来帮助他们吧, They are now in great trouble. ______ ______ ______. 8. 你一到长沙就给我打个电话好吗? Will you please call me______ ______ ______ you ______Changsha? 9. 我父亲过去常常抽烟,但最近已经戒了。 My father used ______ ______, but he has______ it ______ recently. 10. 这幅画很美,让我看看吧。 The picture is beautiful. Let’s ______ ______ ______ at it. 【答案与解析】 1. It’s time。表示“该做……”或“是做……的时候了”用句型It’s time to do sth或It’s time for sth 2. made in China。表示“(由)某地制造”用be made in,注意make用过去分词made。 3. good for you。表示“对……有好处”用be good for sb,若表示“对……有害处”就用be bad for。 4. were late for。表示“……迟到了”用be late for。主语they是复数,由yesterday可知用一般过去式,所以be用were。 5. on, reading。表示“继续做某事”用go on doing sth。 6. was, busy, getting, for。表示“忙于做某事”是be busy doing sth或be busy with sth;表示“为……做准备”是get ready for sth或prepare for sth。 7. Let’s help them。用以提出建议,表示“让我们做……吧”用句型let’s do sth。 8. as soon as, reach。表示“一……就……”用连词as soon as引导一个时间状语从句;需要注意的是在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 9. to smoke, given, up。表示“过去常常做某事”用used to do sth,若表示“习惯做某事”则用be used to doing sth;表示“放弃 / 戒掉”用give up。 10. Let me have a look (at it).或Let me look at it。表示请求允许,“让某人做某事”就用句型let sb do sth。 翻译填空题·考查词形变换 1. 今天的报纸上有什么重要内容吗? _______ _______ _______ important in _______ newspaper? (答案: Is there anything; today’s ) 2. 这座山没有你想象的那么危险。 The mountain is ______ _______ than you think. (答案:less dangerous ) 3. 第九课在第九十页。 The ________ Lesson is on the________ page. (答案:ninth; ninetieth ) 4. 街道的两边有好几家儿童鞋店。 There are quite a few children’s _____shops on ______ side of the street. (答案:shoe;either ) 5. 最近的医院离此地也有大约十公里远。 The _______hospital is about ten kilometers_________. (答案:nearest, away ) 6. 你的书和我的不一样。 Your book is ________ _________ mine. (答案: different from ) 7. 随着科学的发展,计算机将得到更广泛的应用。 ______the development of science, computers will be used more _______. (答案: With, widely ) 8. 这是一场如此重要的球赛,我们不能不观看。 It’s such an _____ match that we can’t ______it. (答案:important,miss ) 翻译填空题·考查时态与语态 1. 这位外国朋友来中国已经半年了。 This foreign friend has _______ _______ China _______ _______ a year. (答案:been in; for half) 2. 我到火车站时,火车开走了。 The train had left when I _______________the station. (答案:arrived at / got to / reached) 3. 你曾到过西山农场吗? Have you ever ______ _______ West Hill Farm? (答案:been to) 4. 老师要求我们保持教室的清洁和安静。 We are_____________________. (答案:told / asked to keep our classroom clean and quiet) 5. 熊猫在我国受到很好的照顾。 Pandas ______________________ in our country. (答案:are taken good care of) 6. 一位外籍老师正在我校演讲。 A foreign teacher _______________________ in our school. (答案:is giving us a talk) 7. 近五年来在西昌已发射了几颗人造卫星。 Several man-made satellites________________ in Xichang in the past five years. (答案:have been sent up) 翻译填空题·考查固定搭配 1.天色渐晚,我想我们该回家了。 It’s ______________, so I think it’s time ______________________________. (答案:getting late; (for us)to go home ) 2. 我们怎样才能与邻里和睦相处呢? How _________________________________ our neighbors? (答案: to get on / along well with ) 3. 足球赛正在进行。同学们迫不及待地打开电视机观看。 The football game is going on. The students _________________ to turn on the TV and watch it. (答案:can’t wait ) 4. 我每天早上6:30起床。 I _________ _________ at 6:30 every morning. (答案:get up ) 5. Alice 擅长跳舞。她将来想当个舞蹈家。 Alice is _________ _________ dancing. She wants to be a dancer in the future. (答案:good at ) 6. 学校规定上课不许迟到。 The school rule says, “ Don’t _________ _________ _________ class.” (答案:be late for) 7. 王楠是世界上最优秀的运动员之一。 Wang Nan is _________ _________ the best _________ in the world. (答案:one of; athletes ) 8. 尽管困难重重,登山队员们还是成功地到达了山顶。 _________ _________ _________ all the difficulties, the climbers reached the top of the mountain successfully. (答案: In spite of ) 9. 我不敢肯定明天她是不是会准时到学校来。 I’m not _______ _______ she’ll come to school _______ _______ tomorrow. (答案:sure whether (if); on time ) 10. 她很虚弱,经常感冒。 She is very weak and she often ________ ________. (答案:catch cold) 11. 医生告诉他戒酒。 The doctor told him to ___________drinking. (答案:give up) 12. 你应该出去玩,而不是老在屋里呆着。 You should be out playing _______________ staying in the room. (答案:instead of) 13.不要阻止孩子们尝试他们的新想法。 Don’t stop the children ________________________. (答案: (from) trying out their new ideas) 14. 我请求妈妈不要生我的气了。 I asked my mother________________. (答案: not to be angry with me ) 15. 嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。 It’s not polite to__________________ those people in trouble. (答案:laugh at) 翻译填空题·考查交际用语 1. 向右转,你就会看到一间绿树环绕的屋子。 _______________ and you’ll see a house _____________________________. (答案:Turn right / Take the right turning / Turn to the right ;with / which has green trees around it) 2. 喝杯咖啡怎么样? ________ ________ drinking a cup of coffee? (答案:How about / What about) 3. 请问,去火车站怎么走? ________ me, how can I ________ to the railway station? (答案:Excuse, get) 4. 这儿天气很热,为什么不出去散散步? It’s very hot here. ______ _______go out for a walk? (答案:Why not) 5. 我很高兴又在这儿见到你。 I’m very _______ _______ _______ you here _______. (答案:glad / happy;to meet / see again) 6. 为何不改去参观猴岛呢? Why _____go and visit the Monkey Island_____? (答案:not, instead) 7. 请问去电影院怎么走? Excuse me, _______________the cinema? (答案: which is the way to / how can I get to / could / can you tell me the way to / could / can you tell me how I can get to ) 8. 你最好不要走路去,太远了。 ____________________ walk there. It’s too far away. (答案:You’d better not) 9. 你认为泉城广场和新建的泉城路怎么样? _________do you ______________the Quancheng Square and the new Quancheng Road? (答案: What; think of / about) 10. 你给我这么多帮助,你真好。 ________________ to give me so much help. (答案:It’s nice of you ) 11. 请在第三个十字路口向左拐弯。 Please turn left at the________________. (答案:third crossing) 12. 不久我们就会再次见面的。 It won’t be _____ ______ we see each other again. (答案:long before ) 13. 请你告诉我怎样去邮局,好吗? Could you ______ me _______ to the post office, please? (答案:tell; how to get ) 翻译填空题·考查固定句式 1. 李平昨晚花了半小时做功课。 _______________ Li Ping ___________________ his homework last night. (答案:It took; half an hour / thirty minutes to do / finish) 2. 那所新学校美丽得像个大花园。 That new school is ______________ that it _______________. (答案:so beautiful; is / looks like a big garden.) 3. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候,他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。 When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _______ excited _______ they cried out. (答案:so; that) 4. 秋天的天气不冷也不热。 It is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______in autumn. (答案:neither too hot nor too cold) 5. 你最好脱掉你的外套。 You’d better ________ ________ your overcoat. (答案:take off) 6. 她不仅会说英语,还会说汉语。 She can speak _________English _________ Chinese. (答案:not only; but also) 7. 我认为这所房子不够大。 I _____ _______ the house is big enough. (答案:don’t think) 8. 他跑得如此之快,以至于我都赶不上他。 He ran_____ fast_______ I couldn’t catch up with him. (答案:so; that) 9. 昨晚玛丽11点才睡觉。 Mary did _______ go to bed _______ eleven o’ clock last night. (答案:not; until ) 10. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。 It will________ the workers over a year________ ________ the fly-over. (答案:take; to build) 11. 外面正在下大雨,你最好呆在家里。 It’s raining heavily outside. You’d________ at home. (答案:take, to build; better stay ) 12. 我想能尽快看到他。 I would like to see him ____ _____ as possible, please. (答案:as soon) 13. 如果今晚他们外出散步,我也去。 If they go out for a walk this evening, _____________. (答案:so will(shall) I ) 14. 孩子们对科学越来越感兴趣了。 Children are becoming _____________ in science. (答案:more and more interested) 15. 他是一个好人,与每个人都相处得很好。 He is such a kind man _____________. (答案: that he gets on well with everyone) 16. 她和我都不正确。 _____ she nor I _____ right. (答案:Neither; am) 17 ) 我们觉得晚上出去是危险的。 We find_____ _______to go out at night. (答案:it dangerous) 18. 我认为在短时间内学好一门外语很难。 I _________it ________ to learn a foreign language well in a short time. (答案:think; hard /difficult) 19. 乘公共汽车去那里需要我们20分钟。 I takes _____twenty _____to go there by bus. (答案:us; minutes ) 20. 在强烈的光线下看书不好。 _______________ us to read in strong light. (答案:It’s bad / not good for) 21. 每个人都保持健康是很重要的。 It’s very important for everybody _______ _______healthy. (答案:to keep) 22. 他说得太快了,别人听不懂。 He spoke too fast to_____ himself______. (答案:make, understood ) 23. 天气如此寒冷,以至于我们都呆在家里。 It’s __________cold _________ we _________ stayed at home. (答案:so; that; all) 24. 你最好不要在早饭时间去看他。 You ______ ____ _______ ______ to see him at breakfast time. (答案: had better not go ) 选词填空 一、 考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1.besides,except,but(except,but一般不用于句首,但besides可用于句首) (1)肯定句中,except意为“除…外(不再有)”;besides意为“除…外(还有)”: eg. We all passed the exam besides Tom. 除了汤姆外,我们也都及格了(汤姆也及格了) Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. I go to school every day except [but] Sunday. He answered all the questions except the last one. (2) 否定句中,except,but,besides可以互换。 eg. No one passed the exam besides [except,but] Jim. (3)but和except都可以跟 that 从句做宾语。 eg. You can't succeed in the exam but/except that you will work still harder. 你若不比以前学习更用功些,是不可能考上的。 2. join,take part in参加 (1)join后面跟一个组织,政党,社团,团体等,“参加并成为其中一名成员” eg. join the Party 入党 join the League入团 join the club. 另外,join sb. 是“参加到某人的行列”之意 eg. He joined us for dinner. 他与我们共进晚餐。 (2)take part in (动词短语)指参加(某种活动) eg. Are you going to take part in the discussion? Did they take part in that meeting last Monday? 【固定搭配】be + adj. + 介词 be angry with sb.对(某人)发脾气eg: Mother got angry with me only because I had broken a cup. at sth. 因某事生气 eg: He was angry at what I said. be interested in 对……感兴趣 eg: She is interested in music. be excited about 对……感到兴奋eg: Most foreigners are excited about seeing the pandas be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 eg: All of us were surprised at that news. of 由……组成;由……构成 eg: The desk is made of wood. be made from由……组成;由……构成 eg: This kind of paper is made from wood. in 在……生产或制造 eg: That dress is made in China. 【选词填空】 做题技巧如下: 1.统览全局,把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意,把握了全局才能主导方向,从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子,缩小词的选择范围。 2.根据语法,判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。 3.利用语境,确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式;名词的数和所有格;代词的各种形式及单复数;形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。 4. 复读全文,验正答案。填完单词后,不可孤立地逐个检查词,而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中,复读全文,仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容,读起来是否流畅,是否合乎句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文,很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。 二、典型例题 how,much, safe, thank, play,be, invent, no, so,interest, must,ask Thomas Edison was a great American 1_____________. When he was a child, he was always 2____________ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter 3____________ hard it was, he never gave up. Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand why he had 4________ many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any 5_________. He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom’s mother taught him to read and write, and she found him 6__________ a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very 7__________ in science. One day, he saw a little boy 8___________ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quickly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to 9___________. The boy’s father was so 10___________ that he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph. 三、课后练习 (一) forget, bring,mend,beside,luck,pick,same,differently,I ,every, stop,each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1____________him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2____________there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ____________to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 ____________the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5____________up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6____________by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7____________!” Mr. Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 ____________of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.” In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9____________man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10 ____________day,” he said. (二) before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fast it, ago , shine, not can Light travels at a speed (速度) which is about a million times 1 ____________than that of sound. 2___________one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by 3 ______________the start of a running match. If you stand far away from the starter(发令员), you can see smoke 4 ____________from his gun 5____________ the sound reaches your ears. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6 ____________far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7____________at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every minute. The light from some of tonight’s started on 8 ____________journey towards you even before you were born. So, if we want to be honest, we 9 ____________say, “The stars are shining brightly tonight.” We have to say, “The stars look nice. They were 10___________four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ” (三) all, any,behave,difference,drink,eat,enjoy,fine,other,real,surprise,these Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1 ____________was that all the cups on the table were 2___________. Each of them took a cup and started 3 ______________their own tea, looking at the 4 ____________ cups. The teacher said; "Do you notice your 5____________? You are all looking at each other's tea cups and 6 ____________of you even envy (羡慕) the 7____________cups of others."Then he went on: "I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8 ___________tea. You all have the same thing in your cups— tea. And yet you can't 9 ____________ enjoy it in your envy of another's cup. You forget 10___________your own life when you envy someone else's life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?" (四) much , arm , wait, see, when , spend, she, worry , have , grow Only Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything all his life. 1 ____________you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her 2___________. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about 3 ______________. When you are 4 ____________up day by day, she feels very happy. When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on 5____________clothes. She always stands in the wind 6 ____________for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels 7____________about you at home. She usually knows about your study and 8 ___________much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be 9 ____________on her face. Mother is always ready to give everything she 10___________to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother Love for ever. 典型例题1.inventor 2. asking 3.how 4.so 5. more 6.to be 7.interested 8.playing 9. safety 10.thankful (一)1.brought 2.mended 3. forgot 4. beside 5.picked 6. stopped 7. mine 8.each 9. same 10. lucky (二)1.faster 2.In 3. watching 4. come 5. before 6. so 7. ago 8. its 9. cannot 10. shining (三)l.surprised 2.different 3.drinking 4.others’ 5.behavior 6.some 7.finer 8.this 9.really l0.to enjoy (四)71-80 When , arms , hersef , growing , more , waiting , worried , spends , seen , has 查看更多