【英语】2018届二轮复习　并列句与状语从句考点回顾学案（6页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习　并列句与状语从句考点回顾学案（6页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习　并列句与状语从句考点回顾 ‎[基础考法]考法1考查并列句中的连词 并列连词的考查集中在“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构；and表并列；yet/but表转折；or表选择；so表因果；while表对比；when表“突然”等方面。‎ ‎[典型例题1]‎ There were many people waiting at the bus stop， some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.‎ 解析：句意：有很多人在公交车站等车，他们中的一些人看上去非常焦虑和失望。根据句意可知，前后两句为并列关系。故填连词and。‎ 考法总结：观察题干前后为两个成分完整的句子，且两句之间为并列关系，很容易得出答案为and。‎ ‎[典型例题2]‎ It was time for her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent.‎ 解析：句意：这是熊猫妈妈养育新宝宝的时候了，也是熊猫幼崽独立的时候了。两句之间为并列关系。故填and。‎ 考法总结：空前It was time for ...和空后的it was also time for ...是两个独立的句子，中间缺少连词；再由句意很容易判断两句之间是并列关系。‎ 考法2考查时间状语从句的引导词 高考常考查的时间状语从句的引导词有when，while及as；另外，从属连词before也是高考考查的热点与难点，该词的含义是“在……之前”与“要过……时间才……”。‎ ‎[典型例题3]‎ The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left I could ask for their names.‎ 解析：句意：那对年轻夫妻把我丢失的钱包还给了我，我还没来得及询问他们的名字，他们就离开了。before意为“在……之前；还没来得及……”。根据句意可知填before。‎ 考法总结：通过分析句子结构可知前后两个句子间缺少连词，根据两句话的时间关系可知主句动作先发生，因此用before合适。‎ ‎[能力考法]考法1考查让步状语从句的引导词 高考主要考查让步状语从句的引导词：though，although及“疑问词＋ever”。‎ ‎[典型例题1]‎ ‎(2014·高考江苏卷改编)Lessons can be learned to face the future， history cannot be changed.‎ 解析：句意：虽然历史不能被改变，但是可以学习经验来面对未来。设空处引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。‎ 考法总结：对比分析两个句子的意思可知设空处表达的意思是“虽然；尽管”。‎ 考法2考查条件状语从句的引导词 其中if，unless等是高考考查的重点。此类复合句中的时态呼应也是考查的重点，即if或unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来(该考法详见状语从句考点五)。‎ ‎[典型例题2]‎ You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.‎ 解析：句意：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你永远无法取得成功。根据句意可知，应填unless，意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。答案为unless。‎ 考法总结：根据句意可知主从句是条件关系，且对比分析两句话间“主将从现”的时态及主句中的否定词never可知用表条件的unless(if ...not)。‎ 考法3考查地点、原因、结果状语从句的引导词 ‎(1)where，wherever等引导地点状语从句。‎ ‎(2)because，since，as，now that引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎(3)so/such ...that，so that等引导结果状语从句，可能会给出so或such，让考生填写that。‎ ‎[典型例题3]‎ ‎(2013·高考山东卷改编)Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.‎ 解析：句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。设空处表示“由于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填since/as/because。由于高考限定无提示词的空格处只能填写一个单词，因此本题不能填now that。‎ 考法总结：设空前后两句都是完整的句子，因而考虑设空处应填写连词或是从句引导词。根据句意，空后表示原因，因此该空引导原因状语从句。‎ 考点突破 并列句 考点　并列连词 用法 连词 例句 表并列、递进或顺承关系 and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well as The earth is one of the sun's planets，and the moon is our satellite.‎ 地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。‎ 表转折关系 but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(后两个为非课标词汇)‎ What we are about to do is perfectly legal.But please don't discuss it with any one.‎ 我们要做的事完全合法，但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。‎ 表选择关系 either...or ...，not...but...，or，or else，rather than Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.‎ 现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。‎ 表因果 关系 for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，so He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.‎ 由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。‎ when“就在这时，突然”‎ sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when ...某人正要做某事，突然……‎ One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.‎ 一个周五我们正在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。‎ She had just finished her homework when her mother ‎ asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.‎ 昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。‎ sb. be doing sth. when ...某人正在做某事，突然……‎ sb. had done sth. when ...‎ 某人刚做完某事，突然……‎ and与or用于并列句 祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承 Find ways to praise your children often，and you'll find they will open their hearts to you.‎ 设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。‎ 祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折 while表对比 强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”‎ ‎—I wonder how much you charge for your services.‎ ‎—The first two are free while the third costs $30.‎ ‎——我想知道你要收多少服务费。‎ ‎——前两次免费，但是第三次的费用是30美元。‎ 状语从句 考点一　时间状语从句 ‎1．when，while，as都可译为“当……的时候”，但侧重点有所不同。‎ 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时，三者都可以用。‎ as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。‎ while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是非延续性动词。‎ She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing，and we felt happy when we got home.‎ 我们一边走她一边唱，她唱的时候我认真地听，到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。‎ ‎2．until和not ...until until要与延续性动词连用；not ...until要与非延续性动词连用。‎ He didn't go to bed until his father came back.‎ 他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。‎ ‎3．since意为“自从……以来”，其后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。‎ It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。)‎ It is two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。)‎ ‎4．特殊的时间状语从句的引导词 the moment，the minute，the instant，the second；no sooner ...than ...；hardly ...when ...等以及表示瞬间的directly，immediately等词，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。no sooner ...than ...，hardly ...when ...结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句子通常用过去完成时，而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过去时；此外，no sooner和hardly位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。‎ Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.‎ 你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。‎ Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.‎ 我刚到家就开始下雨了。‎ ‎5．by the time也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时为止”，主句一般用完成时。‎ By the time he was fourteen，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)‎ 到十四岁的时候，爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。‎ ‎6．几组固定形式 ‎(1)It will be＋一段时间＋before ...多久之后才……‎ ‎(2)It is＋一段时间＋since ...自从……以来已有多长时间了。‎ ‎(3)be about to do ...when ...；be doing ...when ...；on the point of doing ...when ...正在/要做……这时……‎ It will be two days before he returns.‎ 要过两天他才回来。‎ It is three years since I came here.‎ 我来这里三年了。‎ I was doing my homework when my cousin came.‎ 我正在做作业，这时候我表弟来了。‎ I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang.‎ 我正要出去，这时电话响了。‎ 考点二　结果状语从句 常用句型：‎ ‎(1)so＋形容词/副词＋that从句 ‎(2)so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句 ‎(3)so＋many/much/little/few＋名词＋that从句 ‎(4)such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句 ‎(5)such＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句 He is so young that he cannot go to school.‎ 他太小了以至于不能上学。‎ It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.‎ 天气这么好，以至于我们都想出去散步。‎ 考点三　原因状语从句 ‎1．because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。‎ ‎2．as，since和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然，鉴于”时不可用as替换。‎ Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees to sell the wood.‎ 鉴于这些药草和蔬菜需要时间来生长，他就开始砍树来卖木头。‎ As it's raining，you'd better take a taxi.‎ 下雨了，你最好坐出租车。‎ Since everybody is here，let's begin.‎ 既然大家都在，那我们就开始吧。‎ 考点四　让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：though，although，while，even if/though，however，no matter how，no matter what，no matter who等。‎ ‎1．though，although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用，但可以同yet(still)连用。‎ Although skills and talents bring great success，the most valuable asset (财富) one can hold is the heart.‎ 虽然技能和天赋带来了伟大的成功，但是一个人所拥有的最有价值的财富是内心。‎ ‎2．while引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管，虽然”，多用于句首。‎ While there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty.‎ 虽然没有令人信服的证据，但大多数人都认为他有罪。‎ ‎3．as/though引导让步状语从句时，从句要采用倒装语序。‎ Child as/though he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.‎ 他尽管是个孩子，但他知道怎样做是正确的。‎ Young as/though he is，he is expert in this field.‎ 他虽然年轻，但在这个领域是专家。‎ ‎4．whether ...or not意为“无论(是否)”。‎ Whether you believe it or not，it is true.‎ 不管你信不信，这是真的。‎ ‎5．however＋形容词/副词＝no matter how＋形容词/副词 ...，意为“无论多么……”。‎ One can always manage to do more things，no matter how full one's schedule is in life.‎ 一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情，不管在生活中时间表安排得有多满。‎ 考点五　条件状语从句 条件状语从句通常分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless/if ...not，as long as/so long as，as far as/so far as，provided/providing(that)，on condition that等。‎ ‎1．条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时，则为虚拟条件句，那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。‎ If he had listened carefully，he would have done it better.‎ 如果他认真听讲的话，他会做得更好些。‎ ‎2．unless相当于if ...not，在虚拟条件句中可用if ...not，但不能用unless。‎ She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.‎ 她说如果生意不见什么起色的话她就将店关了。‎ If she were not too silly，she would understand it.‎ 要不是她太笨的话，她就理解了。‎ 考点六　地点状语从句 地点状语从句多用where和wherever引导。‎ Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.‎ 他现在有决心要在自己曾经想要放弃的地方向前推进，坚持到底。‎ 考点七　目的状语从句 目的状语从句常用的连词(短语)有so that(以便)，in order that(以便)，in case等。‎ ‎1．so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could等。in order that引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。‎ Take action today so that/in order that you won't miss your opportunity next time.‎ 今天就行动起来，这样下次机会来时你就不会错过了。‎ ‎2．in case所引导的状语从句中，谓语可以用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，也可以不用虚拟语气。‎ Yon may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.‎ 你可以把钥匙留在家里，以免我们中有人想起要回来。‎ 考点八　方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as(按照)，just as(正像)，as if＝as though(仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。‎ The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ 老人对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。‎