【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达专题第二讲　简单句的高级形式（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达专题第二讲　简单句的高级形式（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习书面表达专题第二讲　简单句的高级形式 简单句其实也可以不简单，若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地合并在一起，不但可以表达更丰富的内容，而且也可使句子变得更精彩，充分显示你在英语表达上的实力。‎ ‎1．同位语 I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl in her early twenties and with interests similar to mine.‎ 我想有一个笔友，希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。‎ ‎2．形容词短语 Mr.Ma’s handwriting is as good as his father’s.‎ 马先生的书法和他父亲的一样好。‎ Born in American，Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.‎ 出生于美国的托马斯·爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。‎ ‎3．不定式短语 In order to study well，we need to do sport.‎ 为了学习好，我们需要做体育运动。‎ ‎4．现在分词短语 In this picture，a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree，watching her babies flying away.‎ 在这幅图中，一个鸟妈妈呆在一棵大树的鸟巢里，观看她的鸟仔飞走。‎ ‎5．过去分词短语 Compared with letters and public phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.‎ 与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。‎ ‎6．介词短语 Instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ourselves.‎ 他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。‎ ‎7．倒装句 ‎(1)全部倒装。即把全部谓语提到主语前面。‎ ‎①在以here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now等副词开头且主语为名词的句子里，谓语动词多为be，come，go，exist，lie，follow等时，用全部倒装。‎ There goes the bell！铃响了！‎ There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.‎ 山顶上有座庙。‎ Thus ended the meeting.会议就这样结束了。‎ Here come the children.孩子们来了。‎ ‎②当句首的状语为表示地点的介词短语时，常用全部倒装。‎ Between the two windows hangs a map of China.‎ 在两扇窗户之间挂着一幅中国地图。‎ On the ground lay a sick goat.‎ 地上躺着一头生病的山羊。‎ ‎③Such作表语，置于句首。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。‎ Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.‎ 艾伯特·爱因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。‎ Such were the facts.事实就是如此。‎ ‎④分词/形容词＋be＋主语。‎ 坐在前面的是学校的领导。‎ Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.‎ 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及许多其他的客人。‎ ‎(2)部分倒装。即只将谓语的一部分(如助动词、系动词be、情态动词)提到主语前面。‎ ‎①用于so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物，须用部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态或形式上相一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。‎ He can swim and so can I．他会游泳，我也会。‎ My father doesn’t smoke.Nor/Neither do I.‎ 我父亲不吸烟，我也不吸烟。‎ ‎②具有否定意义或半否定意义的词语放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。如never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little等。‎ Never have I heard or seen such a thing.‎ 我从未听说过或见过这样的东西。‎ Little did I know that this spelled the end of my career.‎ 我一点也没想到这会断送了我的职业生涯。‎ ‎③Only所修饰的副词或介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。‎ Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted.‎ 只有在麻醉师给病人施行麻醉以后，手术才能进行。‎ Only then did I realize the importance of English.‎ 只有在那时，我才认识到英语的重要性。‎ ‎④在so...that和such...that句型中，如果so/such...提至句首，则构成部分倒装。‎ So small was the supermarket that I could hardly see it.‎ 如此小的一个超市，我几乎没看到。‎ Such a good teacher is he that we all like him.‎ 他是一位如此好的老师，因此我们都喜欢他。‎ ‎⑤Hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until等结构中，hardly，no sooner，not until等位于句首时，主句须部分倒装。‎ Hardly/No sooner had he gone when/than she started crying.‎ 他刚一走，她就开始哭起来。‎ Not until midnight did it stop raining.‎ 雨一直下到半夜才停。‎ ‎⑥其他形式的倒装。如：虚拟语气中省去if，将were，had或should提前；as引导的让步状语从句的倒装。‎ Were I in your position，I would ask him about the matter.‎ 我要是处于你那样的位置，我就要问问他这件事。‎ Try as he might.he could not lift the stone.‎ 尽管他可能努力了，他还是举不起这块石头。‎ ‎8．强调句 强调句的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋其他。被强调的部分可以是主语、表语、宾语、状语等。特别注意：‎ ‎(1)当被强调的是状语或状语从句时，连接词要使用that，切不可因为强调时间、地点、原因或方式而用when，where，why或how。‎ Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?‎ 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？‎ ‎(2)被强调的是人时，连接词可用who，也可用that。‎ It was Baker who/that did it.这事儿是贝克干的。‎ ‎9．感叹句 ‎(1)What式感叹句 ‎①What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎②What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎③What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ What a wonderful time we had yesterday!‎ 昨天我们玩得多开心！‎ What beautiful flowers they are！多美的花啊！‎ What fine weather it is！多好的天气啊！‎ ‎(2)How式感叹句。‎ ‎①How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎②How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ How clever she is！她多聪明啊！‎ How well you did！你做得多好啊！‎ How strange a feeling it was！多么奇怪的一种感觉！‎ ‎10．独立主格结构 ‎“名词或代词＋分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词”构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以从语法上讲不是句子。此结构通常在句中起方式、时间、条件、原因或伴随等状语的作用。使用独立主语结构时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开。‎ ‎(1)名词或代词＋分词(doing或done)。‎ The guests having left，he began to take a short rest.‎ 客人离开之后，他开始做短暂休息。‎ ‎(2)名词或代词＋形容词/副词。‎ He entered the room，his nose red with cold.‎ 他走进房间，鼻子冻得通红。‎ Our lessons over，we went out to play basketball.‎ 下课了，我们出去打篮球。‎ ‎(3)名词或代词＋不定式。‎ The exam to be held tomorrow，I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight.‎ 明天要举行考试，今天晚上我不能去看电影了。‎ ‎(4)名词或代词＋名词。‎ He fought against the robber，a stick his only weapon.‎ 他与抢劫犯斗争，一根木棍是他唯一的武器。‎ ‎(5)名词或代词＋介词短语。‎ He came out of the library，a large book under his arm.‎ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。‎ ‎(6)with/without＋名词或代词＋宾语补足语。‎ The day was bright，with a fresh breeze blowing.‎ 天气晴朗，清风吹拂。‎ He was thinking for a while with his eyes shut.‎ 他闭着眼睛想了一会儿。‎ He enjoys sleeping with windows open.‎ 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。‎ ‎[即时演练]‎ 根据括号中的提示改写下列句子 ‎1．I didn’t realize the importance of cooperation until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.(强调句)‎ 答案：It was not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school that I realized the importance of cooperation.‎ ‎2．We can live a happy life only in this way.(倒装)‎ 答案：Only in this way can we live a happy life.‎ ‎3．I often feel anxious.The final exam is around the corner.(with结构)‎ 答案：I often feel anxious with the final exam around the corner.‎ ‎4．They carried out a survey among 260 students.(被动语态)‎ 答案：A survey was carried out among 260 students.‎ ‎5．When I finished reading your letter，I was much moved.(非谓语动词)‎ 答案：Finishing reading your letter，I was much moved.‎ ‎6．They were faced with many difficulties.They didn’t lose heart.(非谓语动词)‎ 答案：Faced with many difficulties，they didn’t lose heart.‎ ‎7．As he was lying in the grass，he thought of his parents who were living in the countryside.(非谓语动词)‎ 答案：Lying in the grass，he thought of his parents living in the countryside.‎ ‎8．Because he did not know what to do，he had to ask the teacher for help.(非谓语动词)‎ 答案：Not knowing what to do，he had to ask the teacher for help.‎ ‎9．Mary came late，which made her teacher angry.(非谓语动词)‎ 答案：Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry.‎ ‎10．He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.(非谓语动词)‎ 答案：He spoke louder in order to be heard clearly.‎ ‎11．If weather permits，we shall go there on foot.(独立主格结构)‎ 答案：Weather permitting，we shall go there on foot.‎ ‎12．If everything is considered，his plan seems to be more workable.(独立主格结构)‎ 答案：Everything taken into consideration (considered)，his plan seems to be more workable.‎ ‎13．When water is pure，it is a colorless liquid.(省略句)‎ 答案：When pure，water is a colorless liquid.‎ ‎14．Errors，if there are any，should be corrected.(省略句)‎ 答案：Errors，if any，should be corrected.‎ ‎15．The letter is to be left here until it is called for.(省略句)‎ 答案：The letter is to be left here until called for.‎