2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题一有提示词填空-第一讲-词性转换

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题一有提示词填空-第一讲-词性转换

‎●第二部分 语法及语法填空●‎ ‎　　高考命题综述 ‎《新课程标准》中明确规定：高中生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五方面的内容。而为了提高考查语法知识运用的科学性，从语篇层次考查学生对所学语法知识运用的情况，自2014年开始，新课标全国卷利用语法填空题取代了多年的单项选择题。‎ ‎[考情分析]——定位考点·明确训练方向 根据上表可以将语法填空的考情归纳为以下几点：‎ ‎1．语法考查面广 语法填空题考查考生对词法、句法及语法知识的掌握情况，涉及了《考试说明》中大部分的语法知识，如词性转换，名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连词及特殊句式等语法项目。‎ ‎2．重点内容突出 从命题趋势上来看，尽管考点覆盖面广，但并非苛求于这一点，而是对一些重要的语法项目进行重点考查，如：动词、形容词和副词以及连词等。‎ ‎3．命题形式变化 语法填空题分为有提示词和无提示词两种。即：根据所提供的单词填写其正确的形式为给出提示词的考查；要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容为无提示词考查。2015年《考试说明》中的新变化是由原来“要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(不多于3个单词)”改变为“要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)。”‎ ‎[解题流程]——明析步骤·强化解题思路 根据以上考情分析可以明显看出，语法填空并非单纯考查语法，这就要求考生不但要掌握好基础语法知识而且要能在特定的语境中正确的运用语法知识。其解题流程如下(见图)：‎ 为提高学生的解题能力和正确率，下面对基础语法知识及其在语法填空题中的运用技巧进行系统的讲解。‎ ‎2017　　第二部分　专题一　有提示词填空 金版教程·英语[R]　　NEW 专题一　有提示词填空,　　高考中对有提示词填空的考查主要集中在以下几个语法项目中：(1)词性转换；(2)形容词、副词；(3)名词和主谓一致；(4)动词时态和语态；(5)非谓语动词。‎ 第一讲　词性转换 ‎ PartⅠ　真题变式体验 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]It was ________ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ 答案：considerate　根据空格位置在系动词之后可以判断，应填consider的形容词considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”。‎ ‎2．[2015·安徽高考]They gave money to the old people's home either________ (person) or through their companies.‎ 答案：personally　根据结构与through their companies并列，可知此处填person的副词personally“亲自”。‎ ‎3．[2015·湖北高考]The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.‎ 答案：gradually　此处修饰的是动词，且位于系动词之后，实义动词之前，故填副词，意为“逐渐地”。‎ ‎4．[2015·江苏高考]Some schools will have to make________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ 答案：adjustments　考查词性转换。位于动词之后，介词之前，结合句意，可知填名词adjustments，“调整，适应”。句意：为了与国家足球改革一致，一些学校必须做出相应调整。‎ ‎5．[2014·安徽高考]—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?‎ ‎—That's a good ________ (suggest)．‎ 答案：suggestion　因其前有不定冠词，故填suggest的名词suggestion。‎ ‎6．[2014·湖北高考]Her ________ (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ 答案：motivation　形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，此外后面的谓语动词为was，故此处需用名词单数形式。‎ ‎7．[2014·福建高考]With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as an ________ (efficiency) way of reaching target customers.‎ 答案：efficient　冠词与名词之间应为形容词形式。‎ ‎8．[2014·安徽高考]My good performance in the job interview left me ________ (optimism) about my future and about what I can do here.‎ 答案：optimistic　考查形容词。(be) optimistic about为固定短语，在本句中用形容词optimistic作宾语补足语。‎ ‎9．[2014·湖北高考]What was so ________ (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.‎ 答案：impressive'be动词后需用形容词作表语，impress的形容词形式为impressive。‎ ‎10．[2014·湖北高考]Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ________ (tolerate) smile and let him go.‎ 答案：tolerant'修饰名词smile需用形容词形式，故答案为tolerant。　‎ PartⅡ　语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]The adobe dwellings (土坯房)__61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even__62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their__63__ (able) to “air condition” a house without __64__ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __65__ (slow) during cool Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。‎ 本文讲述的是美国Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。‎ Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。‎ ‎61．built。考查非谓语动词。空格所在句中“are admired”是谓语，位于名词之后且两者为被动关系，可知答案。‎ ‎62．the。考查形容词最高级的用法。空格后是最高级修饰名词。‎ ‎63．ability。考查词性转换。空前为形容词性物主代词，可推知此处应填名词。‎ ‎64．using。考查介词用法。空格位于介词之后，应填名词或动名词形式。‎ ‎65．slowly。考查词性转换，“慢慢地释放”，故填副词。 nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66__ (cool) the house during the hot day; __67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __68__ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,66.to_cool。考查固定句式“adj.＋enough to do sth.”。‎ ‎67．at。考查固定短语，此处为介词。‎ ‎68．goes。考查句子时态。根据句子结构可知，此处填谓语，注意时态、语态、主谓一致。‎ ‎69．natural。考查词性转换，修饰名词应填形容词。‎ ‎70．how。考查连词用法。根据句式结构，此处应填连词，且后面为形容词，故可知答案。‎ Step 3：代入验证。‎ 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。‎ 知识清单 ‎(1)动词转换为名词；(2)名词与形容词的转换；‎ ‎(3)形容词转换为副词；(4)形容词与动词的转换；‎ ‎(5)否定前缀与后缀。‎ 学情分析 ‎(1)考生对基本的词性转换规则不能熟练掌握和运用。‎ ‎(2)各词性在句子中的基本功能不清，缺乏语言功能意识。‎ 考点一　动词 动词变名词常用的后缀 ‎ ‎ 注：※表示容易出错的词性转换。(下同)‎ ‎[典例1]　[2015·揭阳市学业水平考试]Though doctors refused to believe this, some ________ (react) was seen through my important signs as they changed, depending on the visitors.‎ ‎[解析]　‎ reaction　根据空格的位置可判断应填名词，react的名词为reaction。在句中作主语，且谓语是“was seen”为单数，故填reaction。‎ 考点二　名词与形容词的转换 ‎1名词变形容词时常用的后缀 ‎ ‎ ‎[典例2]　[2015·山东潍坊一模]The designers could not have dreamed that she would become such a ________(globe) star as she is today.‎ ‎[解析]　global　根据空格在句子中的位置可知此空格应为定语修饰“star”，故用形容词global。‎ ‎2形容词变名词时常加的后缀 ‎ ‎ ‎[典例3]　[2015·河北衡水中学联考四]They covered the whole tree with ribbons to show their wholehearted ________ (happy) and willingness to welcome him back.‎ ‎[解析]　happiness　根据and可知，此空的词性与“willingness”一致，故填happy的名词happiness。‎ 考点三　形容词转换为副词 形容词加ly变副词的规律 ‎ ‎ ‎[典例4]　[2015·广东茂名一模]Then she closed her eyes and went ________ (peace) back to sleep.‎ ‎[解析]　peacefully　此处空格修饰动词“went”，故应用副词，peace的副词为peacefully。‎ 考点四　形容词与动词的转换 ‎1形容词变动词时常用的前后缀 ‎2动词变形容词时常用的后缀 ‎[典例5]　[2015·云南玉溪一中期中]People visit other countries for ________ (vary) reasons.‎ ‎[解析]　various　根据该空在句中的功能，可判断此处填形容词，vary的形容词是various。‎ ‎[典例6]　[2015·河南商丘一模]So I think my childhood was ________ (bore) and I was always complaining about it.‎ ‎[解析]　boring　此空在系动词之后，故应填形容词，而动词bore的形容词有两个bored和boring，而此处表示“令人厌倦的”，故填boring。‎ 考点五　否定前缀与后缀 ‎1常用的否定前缀 ‎[典例7]　[2015·甘肃张掖期末]Don't carry too much money or ________ (necessary) credit cards.‎ ‎[解析]　unnecessary　句意：不要携带太多的现金和没必要的信用卡。根据句意可知，此处应填necessary的反义词，即unnecessary。‎ ‎2常用的否定后缀 NO.1解题步骤　　‎ 在语法填空中，对词性转换的考查是有提示词类的考点之一，其解题步骤如下：‎ ‎1．根据空格在句子中的位置及其在句子中的功能来判断该空格所需的词性。‎ ‎2．按照构词法的转换规则及句意来确定词的正确形式。‎ NO.2解题技巧　　‎ ‎1.空格修饰动词、形容词或副词时，应填提示词的副词形式。‎ ‎[典例8]　[2015·河北唐山五校联考二]A P3 computer is ________ (probable) good enough for you.‎ ‎[解析]　probably　空格的位置可以明显看出，此处修饰“good”这一形容词，故填提示词的副词形式probably。‎ ‎2．空格修饰名词或代词以及作表语时，应填提示词的形容词形式。‎ ‎[典例9]　[2015·黑龙江哈六中期末]That was Mum's usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something ________ (fool)．‎ ‎[解析]　foolish　根据空格的位置处于不定代词之后且修饰不定代词，可知此处填形容词。fool的形容词转换规则为在其后加ish，故答案是foolish。‎ ‎3．空格前有冠词、形容词，形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，以及空格在介词后面时，通常填提示词的名词形式。‎ ‎[典例10]　[2015·山西四校联考二]Deep worry began to destroy my ________ (confident)．‎ ‎[解析]　confidence　根据空格位置可以判断此处填写名词，confident变名词的规则为把“t”变“ce”，故答案是confidence。‎ ‎1.词性转换的基本规则要在平时阅读和训练时不断积累并反复强化词性意识，才能运用的熟练而准确。‎ ‎2．在词性转换后，要注意所填词的形式是否正确，如名词后需不需要加复数，以及副词的拼写规则是否正确等。‎